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8/9/2019 Tecnologie elettroniche per la gestione dellenergia su veicolo
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LAutomotive di oggi e di domani
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ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR
VEHICLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Roberto Finizio
Centro Ricerche Fiat
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Outline
Motivations towards activities focused on vehicle energy management
Methodological approach adopted in energy management solutions
Examples of activities oriented towards energy management
Analysis through vehicle electrical balance simulation
Architectures based on rapid prototyping hardware
Conclusions
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Vehicle Energy Management Motivations
Both legislation and customer buying behavior are driving automotive
OEMs and suppliers to currently devise solutions focused on fuel economy
and CO2 emission reduction.
Recent developments are oriented on:
increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engines,
lightweight construction strategy and sophisticated aerodynamicfeatures of the car body,
energy management of the vehicle electrical power system.
New developments must not affect the other consumers requests such as
style, fun-to-drive, safety and cost.
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Stand-Alone Approach
Vehicle systems are designed to satisfy performance
and cost target,
ON/OFF control with wide hysteresis guarantees
performance of the specific system,
Lack of methodology to optimize the system control
and to reduce energy request of the vehicle system.
Shared vehicle data among the vehicle sub-systems,
Improved control strategy to reduce fuel consumption
saving the vehicle performances, Estimation of the overall energy generation efficiency,
Replacing mechanical components by electronically-
controlled devices,
Adopting predicting algorithm of vehicle mission.
Integrated Approach
Integratedapproach
Stand-aloneapproach
Vehicle Energy Management - Methodology
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Wasted fuel energy
70%
Rolling f riction
10%
Aerodynamic
resistance
8%
Brake energy
5%
Drivetrain losses
3%
Electric Auxiliaries
4%
Overview of the energy distribution by different components
(Simulation on NEDC cycle)*
* EE-VERT EU Project 7th Framework Program
70% of energy is lost as engine heat and exhaust gas
30% of energy is available fro propulsion and the electrical net
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Energy Management Integrated Approach
Target of Fuel Economy
Improvements Target of fuel saving [%]
Oil pump - Variable displacement 1,5
Electronic Thermostat 1,0
Fuel Pump 1,5
Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery 2,0Smart Alternator + Battery 2,0
Fan speed proportional control 0,5
Controllable Vacuum Pump 1,0
Total target Benefit 9,5
About 9% of fuel economy is achievable by means of smart control of electric auxiliaries
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Fuel pump
Energy Management Technologies
Cooling
Thermostat
Alternator
Starter
Vehicle System Enabling Technology
DC electric motor withon/off control
DC electric motor with fancontrol limited to 1-2 speed
Wax pellet with an on/offmechanical control
Voltage regulator with fixed14V regulation
Conventional startersuitable for manual enginecranking
Motor controller able to modulate themotor speed for more efficient control ofthe pump speed
Enhanced starter that can withstand theincreased number of engine-starts in astop-start vehicle
Motor controller able to modulate themotor speed for more efficient control ofthe fan speed
Electric valve able to control the coolant flowin radiator, bypass and cabin heater circuitsfor enhanced thermal management
Smart voltage regulator for a more efficientgeneration control
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System functional constraints
Functional safety qualification for road vehicles
Hardware and software diagnosis
Communication interface (bus, wired,) requests
Limited Hardware and software resources
Cost target
The integrated vehicle management approach
Technology requirements
The EM technology must meet:
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ECU
Fan PWM driver
DiagnosticControl strategies
(engine cooling, freon pressure)Control strategies(soft-start, bus voltage adapt.)
Protections(stalled motor, overtemp, )
Communication interface
Electrical specs
FanConnectors
Case
Harness
Example of EM solution: Engine fan control
External temperature
Engine water temperature
Freon pressure
Engine water temperature
From ON/OFF activation:
Activation speed (1 or 2 level)
To continuos regulation:
Vehicle energetic statusFuel saving due to:
Fan activation based on actual required air flow
High side freon pressure regulation
Freon pressure
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Vehicle energy and dynamic conditions used to manage alternator generation.
Example of EM solution: smart alternator
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Dynamic effective simulation of electric load. Direct dynamic approach for regulator control.
Energy management strategy simulation for Smart
Alternator, Stop & Start, By Wire.
ELBA: Tool for analysis of vehicle electric powernet balance
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 70000
50
100
Ialt [A]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 700024
26
28
30
Vbatt [V]
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
88
89
90
91
[s]
SOC [%]
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FAST PROTOTYPING ECU
Sensor/Actuator
ECU1Sensor/Acuator
CAN1
LIN
ECU2
Starter
Battery
Electric Load1
Electric Load2
Electric Load3
ECU3
Sensors/Actuators
ECUs
Electric Loads
Architecture based on rapid prototyping hardware:
solutions with NI real-time controllers
ECU4
CAN2
Alternator
Sensor/Acuator
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Under pressure from legislation and customer buying behavior,automotive OEMs and suppliers are developing solutions focused onvehicle energy management
As far the development of energy management solutions, CRF isadopting an integrated approach able to fill up the lack ofmethodologies in reducing the energy request of vehicle systems
The approach could guarantee up to 9 % of fuel saving in real useand a slight lower improvement on the homologation cycle (NEDC)
Simulation analysis and rapid prototyping hardware are key tools to
accelerate the time-to-market, estimating virtually and demonstrateon-field the maturity of a specific technology
Conclusions