Water Reuse Promotion Center

TECHNOLOGYof

REVERSE OSMOSISDESALINATION

TECHNOLOGYof

REVERSE OSMOSISDESALINATION

1

Mitsuyoshi HIRAI, Managing DirectorWATER REUSE PROMOTION CENTER, JAPAN

16th December, 2014 at Kuwait

Water Reuse Promotion Center

CONTENTS

1. Classifications of Desalination Technologies.

2. History of development for Reverse Osmosis.

3. Trend in Desalination Plants in the World.

4. Energy Recovery System & Technology

5. Water Quality of Reverse Osmosisdesalination

6. Cost of Desalination (Capital & Water Cost)

7. Activity of WRPC for Desalination & Others

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Classification of DesalinationTechnologies

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Desalinationprocesses

Phase change[Feed] [Product]

Liquid Vapor Liquid

Liquid Solid Liquid

Non- phase change[Feed] [Product]

Liquid Liquid

Thermaldesalination

Multi Stage Flush (MSF)

Multi-Effect Distillation(MED)

Freezingdesalination

Membranedesalination

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Electrodeionisation (EDI)

NanoFiltration (NF)

ElectroDialysis (ED,EDR)

Forward Osmosis (FO)

Ice crystal separation

New types of membranes

Solar Distillation

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Phenomenon of Reverse Osmosis

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Relations of pressure and the water recoveryin the RO system

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

0 20 40 60 80

Osmotic Pressure

Feed Pressure

EffectiveDifferencePressure

Recovery Ratio (%)

Pre

ssu

re(M

Pa)

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Structure of Hollow Fiber RO Membrane Module

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Structure of Spiral Wound RO Membrane Module

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Flow Diagram for Reverse OsmosisDesalination Plant

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IntakeEquip.

DischargeEquip.

PretreatmentEquip.

WastewaterTreatment Equip.

HPP & ERDevice

Reverse OsmosisEquipment

PosttreatmentEquip.

ChemicalsInjection Equip.

ChemicalWashing Equip.

Supplyto Users

Sea

AdvantageThere are fewer energy consumptions thanother method.A start stop and control is easy.A construction period is short.Because it is driven at normal temperature,there is little corrosion.

FaultOperating pressure depends on seawatertemperature and the density.Exchange of membrane is necessary.Pretreatment is necessaryThere is membrane degradation by fouling.

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Items Year 1953 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006 2013 Reference

Conceptual design by Dr. Reid at 1953

Material CA

CTA

PA

APA

Structure SM

ASM

CM

Type SW

HF

Stage One

Two

More than Two

For Sales JAPAN,1978－

by WRPC

CA Cellulose Acetate SM Symmetric Membrane SW Spiral Wound

CTA Cellulose Tri-Acetate ASM Asymmetric Membrane HF Hollow Fiber

PA Polyamide, CM Composite Membrane One Single stage or One Pass

APA Aromatic polyamide Two Double Stage or Two Pass

History of Development of Main Technologies for ROdesalination

(system)

Water Reuse Promotion Center

In 1973, Water Reuse Promotion Center is organized andwill push forward technology development of seawaterdesalination and the waste-water treatment reuse.

Establishment of Water Reuse Promotion Center.

History of Desalination(WRPC)

Development on Chigasaki facility (WRPC)

It was started in Chigasaki research facility, at 1974.The seawater desalination technology developmentwas pushed forward mainly on the practical use of theJapanese membrane.Anther technology development of the pretreatmentsystem, energy recovery system, and membranefiltration system, etc,.

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Trend of Desalination Plants in the world (SW+BW)

RO62%

MSF+MED32%

ED2%

Others4%

Technology of desalination in the world(SW＋BW）； 1980-2014 (2014.11現在）

Total Accumulate Capacity65 MiCMD

Analysis by WRPC Source; Desaldata,GWI

Ref;SW: SeawaterBW: Brackish

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

Trend of Desalination Plants in the world (SW+BW),2014.11

Annual Capacity（Right）

Accumulate Capacity 1980-（Left）

Analysis ; WRPC Source GWI,Desaldata

Operating Year

Accum

late

Capacity

(Mil

CM

D)

AnnualC

apacity

(Mil

CM

D)

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Trend of Desalination Plants in the GCC (SW+BW)

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1,980 1,985 1,990 1,995 2,000 2,005 2,010 2,015

Acc

um

late

Cap

acty

(Mil

CM

D)

Trand of Desalination Plant in the GCC (1980-2014)

MSF RO MED total

Analysis ; WRPC, Souce ; GWI, Desaldata

Ref;SW: SeawaterBW: Brackish Water

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Energy Recovery Systems for RO Seawater Desalination

Source of Energy Recovery Method Type of Recovery Equipment

Back Pressure

of Brine

Axle (Revolution)Power Recovery

Reverse Running Pump

(Francis Turbine)

Pelton Turbine

Hydro-Turbo Charger

volume exchangeRecovery

Pressure Exchanger

Work Exchanger

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Example of Water Quality of RO DesalinationWater Reuse Promotion Center

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Desalination Plant Capacity Cost (EPC) (more than 100,000m3/day)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Year

Cost

(US$/m3/day)

Australia

Source::WDR/GWI, DesalData, Editing WRPC

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CAPITAL COST OF DESALINATION PLANT IN THEWORLD

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Water Price from Desalination Projects since 2000(more than 50,000m3/d)

FuKuoka

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Year

WaterCost

($/m3)

SWROMEDMSF

Jeddah BargeKSA

Australia

Source::WDR/GWI, DesalData, Editing WRPC

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WATER COST OF DESALINATION PLANT IN THEWORLD

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Cooperation project of Seawater ReverseOsmosis Desalination by WRPC & Middle East

CASE 1 2002-2005Research and development of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination in

Oman

Sultan Qaboas University, Oman&

Water Reuse Promotion Center, Japan

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CASE 2 2003-2007

Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination for Hybrid System Application inQatar

Qatar Electric Water Co.and

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CASE 3 2006-2011

Development of Tri-hybrid NF/RO/MED Desalination System in Saudiarabia

Saline Water Conversion Corporation&

Water Reuse Promotion Center, Japan

Water Reuse Promotion Center

Other Activities of WRPC on Overseas(Recently )

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• Feasibility Study on Wastewater Reuse in Middle East (Qatar)

• Feasibility Study on Rehabilitation of Water Environment and WaterCirculation.(Venezuela)

• Study on Technical Support of Introduction ofProduction Water Treatment for Oil Industry in the Republic of Iraq (2010-2012)

• Study on Technical Support of Introduction ofFormation Water Treatment for Oil Industry in the Republic of Iraq(2013- )

• The Training Course Program “Desalination Technologies and Water Reuse”For the Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait.(2013)

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THANK YOU FORYOUR ATTENTION!

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Contact E-mail：hirai@wrpc.jpName : Mitwsuyoshi HIRAIWater Reuse Promotion Center, Japan