Technology Day 2017 - Meyer Burger online · Technology Day 2017 . 30 November 2017, held at Meyer Burger (Germany) AG, Hohenstein-Ernstthal . Dr Hans Brändle, Chief Executive Officer

Technology Day 2017 30 November 2017, held at Meyer Burger (Germany) AG, Hohenstein-Ernstthal

Dr Hans Brändle, Chief Executive Officer

2

Meyer Burger on track with strong order momentum – MB PERC new industry standard

2

Long-term PV industry growth intact Cumulative end-installed capacity to grow further

with up to 25% p.a. until 2021

End-installed capacity could reach nearly 1 TW (1,000 GW) by 2021 vs. about 306 GW in 2016

For 2017 addition of around 100 GW possible Source: SolarPower Europe Global Market Outlook 2017-2021

Positive market momentum ongoing Good pipeline of customer projects for upgrades

and new capacity additions

Chinese Top Runner Program drives upgrade to PERC

PERC will be the new industry standard

PERC adaption much faster than predicted and therefore accelerating plans of leaders to earlier go for advanced cell technologies such as HJT

Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017

Incoming orders comparison with YTD Jan – Oct 2017

326

419 456

503

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 YTD Oct 2017

Comparable YTD data Jan - Oct of each year

+26% Oct ‘16 / Oct ‘17

comparison

MCHF

The “Who is Who” of the PV industry: Selected list of order wins / sales in 2017

3 Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017

http://www.3sun.com/?q=it

325.6 W! LONGi Solar’s 60 cell Hi-MO1 Module demonstrated another power record

− LONGi Solar received a test report from TUV Rheinland that its latest 60-cell Hi-MO1 module achieved power output of 325.6 W under standard testing conditions. Conversion efficiency reached 19.91%.

Source: LONGi Solar press release August 2, 2017

LONGi Solar’s PERC cell conversion efficiency achieves 22.43%

− Test report released by National Center of Supervision and Inspection on Solar Photovoltaic Product Quality shows that conversion efficiency of LONGi Solar’s monocrystalline PERC single-sided cell reached 22.43% at the highest level.

Source: LONGi Solar press release September 18, 2017

Industrial leaders are successful with MB PERC (1/2)


Picture source: LONGi Solar

A customer success story enabled by Meyer Burger’s MB PERC technology.

http://en.longi-solar.com/Home/Index/index.html

REC achieves milestone efficiency for multi-crystalline solar cells

− A batch of cells processed in the production line delivered an average cell efficiency of 20.21% with the best cell at 20.47% measured by in-house tester with an external calibration cell.

Source: REC press release October 5, 2016

Industrial leaders are successful with MB PERC (2/2)


Picture source: REC production facility in Tuas, Singapore

Various Tier-1 manufacturers use SiNA® / MAiA® tools to outperform other cell and module makers in solar and module efficiencies.

1993 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

A long way from first idea to industrialisation – MB PERC as a typical example


First orders for PERC received by MB

Industrialisation phase for MB PERC technology

Pick-up in demand mainly supported by needs to upgrade with PERC

Further increase in orders during 2017; PERC demand expected to continue based on further upgrades; other technologies / systems such as ALD in test / qualification phase

2 7 7

13

2

9

16

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2013/2014 2015 2016 2017 Jan-Oct

YTD Cumulated

Orders received for MB PERC equipment (MAiA®); capacity in GW

GW

Source: Meyer Burger Technology Ltd

Incoming orders for MAiA® 2.1 equipment Jan – Oct 2017 substantially above previous years

70% of incoming orders in PV equipment in 2017 from cell technologies (Jan – Oct 2017)

Momentum for MB PERC to continue

ALD technology: Asian players push hard to get stake in PERC equipment business

Next generation solution MAiA® EVO well suited for expansion projects; first equipment in production at launch customer by Dec 2017

Launch of MAiA® next generation with further improved customer value planned in 2018

New product launches: MAiA® EVO increasing cell efficiency and reducing handling Further product launches already in planning

First concept for PERC cell design by Prof Martin Green, UNSW, Australia

Simple upgrade of existing standard lines with excellent balance between investment and efficiency increase

Upgrades of all existing standard lines (multi- and mono-crystalline wafers) possible

Standard Module (60 cells): +15 Watt (Wp) power gain

LONGi as launch customer for MAiA® EVO

7

The MAiA® 2.1 success

Ideal for expansion projects; high interest from top tier players

Combines the advantages of SiNA® (front side SiN deposition) and MAiA® (rear side AIOx + SiN deposition) into one product

Integration of front & rear side deposition reduces wafer handling: less breakage and higher yield

Leads to efficiency gain of up to 0.2% absolute (up to +5 Watt per module)

LONGi as launch customer for MAiA® EVO; ramp up on track; final acceptance expected for Dec ‘17

The MAiA® EVO solution


PERC/PERL/PERT and HJT technologies with strong growth


Meyer Burger expects that BSF will be replaced at a faster pace with PERC becoming the new industrial standard

International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV) Sept 2017: share of HJT corresponding to ~15 GW in 2021

Due to expected faster adaption of PERC: additional push for PERT and HJT technologies

PERC and HJT gaining market share

Source: International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV), Sept 2017

BSF

PERC

HJT IBC

Si-tandem

ITO

n-type c-Si

Ag (screen print)

ITO

Ag (screen print) a-Si:H (p)

a-Si:H (i)

a-Si:H (i)

a-Si:H (n)

Long history for HJT: Meyer Burger industrialises cost competitive 6’’ technology

Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017 9

Bell Labs, US: First c-Si solar cell, n-type, IBC, monofacial, 6% efficiency

1954

a-Si thin film deposition PECVD development starts

1978

Sanyo, JP: First HJT solar cell, 5’’ wafer technology

1981

Sanyo, JP: a-Si solar cell and its manufacturing patented

1991- 1994

Panasonic, JP: champion cell 24% HJT cell, 5’’ wafer technology

2012

Kaneka, JP: world record for single junction: 26.6%, IBC-HJT cell, 6’’ wafer technology

2016

RCA Labs, US: Theory of HJT cells, S.S. Perleman

1964

2006- 2009

Sanyo, JP: 1st HJT module on market, n-type, 5’’ wafer technology

2001

EPFL/CSEM, CH: Prof. Ballif Thesis on HJT cells

Meyer Burger (formerly Roth&Rau): R&D center for HJT, Neuchâtel, CH

2008

Meyer Burger: production line in Hohenstein-Ernstthal, DE

2013

CEA/INES, FR: Lab-Fab for HJT 2009

Meyer Burger (Germany) has been involved since 2008 with 6’’ wafer technology

Panasonic, JP: acquires Sanyo 2009

Oerlikon Solar, CH: first large area a-Si production equip. (on glass)

2004

Meyer Burger: record 335 Watt module (60 cells) based on industrialised 6’’ (M2) HJT technology

2017

Development Phase Industrialisation Phase First Mover

Adjusted strategy opened new opportunities Meyer Burger adjusted its market approach for

Heterojunction (HJT) at the beginning of 2017

− Flexible offering: HJT core equipment and integrated production line

− Adjustment of market approach attracts both established players as well as industry newcomers

HJT facts today Meyer Burger HJT production line achieves cell

efficiencies of 24%

Meyer Burgers’ HJT technology cost competitive with PERC

Proven thin wafer processing capabilities as strong USP for the full potential of Meyer Burger’s HJT technology

Adjustment of strategy opened new opportunities


Meyer Burger HJT production line

Silicon cost still overall largest cost driver in today’s PV module manufacturing

From 180 µm to 120 µm wafer thickness: substantial cost savings

Meyer Burger successfully demonstrated processing of 120 µm wafers from ingot to module

HJT cell technology uniquely positioned for thin wafer processing

Capacity in MW Companies Countries Projects

400 MW delivered

Japan Russia France

Order received at year-end 2013; equipment for HJT cell coating delivered in H1 2014

Order received summer 2016 to convert Oerlikon Solar equipment into

HJT / SWCT technology; successful final acceptance in H1 2017

Research institute CEA (and Institute of Laboratories for Innovation in New Energy Technologies and Nanomaterials – LITEN)

Systems for HJT / SWCT technologies delivered 2016/17 Strategic partnership with CEA / INES since 2014

100 MW

Hungary

Contract signed May 2015 Equipment pre-paid, manufactured and delivered Project delays due to governmental requirements, higher financing needs Expected installation in 2018

200 MW

Italy

Pre-payment received Successful kick-off with customer in Sicilia Delivery of equipment planned to be completed by end H1 2018 Installation, ramp-up with start of production by end of 2018

3SUN order as an important milestone


Further contract signed December 2016 with EKORE, Turkey. No pre-payment received so far, order not reflected in incoming orders or order backlog as communicated. Project realisation (200 MW) questionable.

3SUN, Catania / Italy

− Currently producing thin film modules; delivered over 500 MW of installed PV capacity

Our solution

− Industrialised MB HELiA® platform (HJT) for the production of bifacial HJT solar cells

− Replacing the existing cell technology (thin film) used by 3SUN

− Two HJT solar cell production lines will enable production capacity of up to 200 MW

Why Meyer Burger was chosen

− Proven industrialisation

− Most competitive cost of ownership

− R&D power

Customer story – MB HJT


Meyer Burger is building on the future success of HJT

A subsidiary of

Picture source: 3SUN, IT-Catania

Meyer Burger has strong R&D focus on HJT (1)


CSEM / R&D Neuchâtel R&D Hohenstein-Ernstthal HJT production line CEA / INES

Combined R&D power



CSEM / Meyer Burger Research, CH-Neuchâtel



Research & Development, DE-Hohenstein-Ernstthal



Heterojunction production line, DE-Hohenstein-Ernstthal



CEA / INES Fab-lab, F-Le bourget du lac

Meyer Burger technologies shaping the PV industry

Dr Gunter Erfurt, Chief Technology Officer

19

Brief introduction to solar cell physics

Source: Solar Energy – Fundamentals, Physics and Systems, Delft University of Technology 2014


A solar cell is… …a semiconductor device which allows the photovoltaic

effect (1) for the generation of an electrical current generation (4) used for an electrical load and later recombination (5)

…suffering from recombination (2) of “unused” charge carriers in the material and at the cell surfaces

…with a semi-permeable “membrane” (p/n junction) (3) to generate a plus/minus polarity

Semiconductors… …for industrial use, such as Silicon for solar cells, are

on purpose “contaminated” (doped) in order to make them a bit more “semiconductive”

…can be “contaminated” (doped) with Phosporous to generate negative (n-type or electron charges) carriers or with Boron to generate positive (p-type or hole charges)

…in PV are currently dominated by p-type „contaminated“ c-Si

…with p- and n-type “contaminations” have pro’s and con’s, however

…with n-type are about to take off as high efficiency concepts such as heterojunction require it

Si Si

Photovoltaic cell technologies driving growth in solar energy industry


PERC solar cell – ca. 1/3 market share

Meyer Burger has shaped the industry since early 2000 by Supplying >500 SiNA® tools (since 2005) to the market

generating so called anti-reflection coating (ARC) layers

Setting an industry standard in ARC technology

Reducing optical and recombination losses and increasing efficiencies up to 19.5%

Meyer Burger has resolved a “solar technology node“ problem in 2014 by Providing an industrialised solution for PERC solar

cells (PERC = “Passivated emitter and rear cell”) with MAiA®

Setting another industry standard in passivation technology enabling efficiencies up to 22%

p-type c-Si

Source: ISFH

p-type c-Si

Source: ISFH

Standard solar cell – ca. 2/3 market share

Passivation as key factor for highest solar cell efficiencies


p-type c-Si p-type c-Si

p-type c-Si p-type c-Si

Standard solar cell PERC

ARC (SiNA®)

ARC (SiNA®)

AlOx+SiNx (MAiA®)

AlOx+SiNx (MAiA®)

Local contacts

Local contacts

Source: http://www.cleantechnica.com, http://www.pveducation.org

Passivation technology is a key competence of Meyer Burger At the silicon surface silicon

atoms are missing and unpaired valence electrons exist, forming an electrically active interface = no passivation and high recombination

Oxidation and hydrogenation saturates dangling bonds at silicon wafer surface = high passivation and low recombination Dangling Si bonds

https://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjD79Dx697XAhXIEVAKHQpoD9QQjRwIBw&url=https://cleantechnica.com/2016/04/18/rec-solar-switching-production-capacity-half-cut-perc-cell-technology/&psig=AOvVaw3tEdhXyV1fBghgSb6VYbSg&ust=1511875104071370

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjD79Dx697XAhXIEVAKHQpoD9QQjRwIBw&url=http://www.thequartzcorp.com/en/blog/2015/01/19/perc-cells-the-latest-in-high-efficiency-solar/113&psig=AOvVaw3tEdhXyV1fBghgSb6VYbSg&ust=1511875104071370

Meyer Burger solar cell equipment strategy and success history

22 Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017 22

2006

2011

2015 From 2008 onwards: Heterojunction Technology Invest

>500 SiNA® systems sold ~100 GW of solar cells coated with SiNA®

MAiA® is industry standard ~30 GW capacity

25 MW production line in Germany ~500 MW installed globally

Al-BSF

PERC

HJT

Introduction to the structure of solar module manufacturing step costs (MSC)


𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 $𝑊𝑊

= 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊

𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [$]

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 [𝑊𝑊] +

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 (𝑤𝑤/𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊)𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [$]

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 [𝑊𝑊] +

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀𝑜𝑜𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊 (𝑤𝑤/𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑊𝑊𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶)𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 [$]

𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 [𝑊𝑊]

$0.73/pc (mono)

$0.42/pc (Standard)

$38.00/pc

$0.15/W (mono)

$0.09/W (Standard)

$0.14/W

MSC = $0.38/W

ASP = $0.35/W

19.5% cell and 280W standard module

MAiA® 2.1 sets PERC standard: MB PERC as technology of choice

MB PERC Key Facts Industrialised solution with >200 MAiA® 2.1

orders received (~30 GW)

Industrial standard: proven and well accepted

Pay back time <1-2 years due to incremental investment

Substantial efficiency gain: up to 2.5% absolute cell efficiency for mono c-Si + 1.5% absolute for multi c-Si

Standard Module (60 cells): +15 Watt (WP) power gain

Substantial cost reduction (>3$ct/Wp) at module level as well as higher ASP through higher performance of module

24

Compatible with existing cell technologies Simple upgrade of existing standard lines:

excellent balance between investment and efficiency increase

Upgrade of all existing standard lines possible (multi- and mono-crystalline wafers)

Standard BSF Cell Line

MB PERC Cell Line

Laser MAiA®


How to create value and reduce step cost through technology


$0.73/pc (mono)

$0.47/pc (Standard)

$38.00/pc

$0.13/W (mono)

$0.09/W (Standard)

$0.12/W

MSC = $0.34/W

(Premium) ASP = $0.40/W

21.5% cell and 310W best module

PERC introduction with MAiA®

Combining proven SiNA® and MAiA® in new product MAiA® EVO

Front side SiN deposition

MAiA® 2.1 “2-in-1“

SiNA®

Rear side AIOx + SiN deposition

MAiA® EVO “3-in-1“

Front side SiN + Rear side AIOx + SiN deposition

by SiNA®

by MAiA® or by MAiA® EVO

Texture

Doping / Diffusion

PSG Etch

Firing

Print Rear Side

ARC

Print Front Side

Edge Isolation

Test & Sort

Laser opening

Backside passivation


Thermodynamical limit of 29% efficiency (single

junction Silicon solar cell)

Optical (-2%)

Ohmic resistance (-2.5%)

Recombination (-3%)

27

Why does the industry only achieve 21.5% cell efficiency in mass production when the limit is at 29%?


Solar cell efficiency loss mechanisms Optical losses (Reflection of incident light) -2% Improved by using our SiNA® and HELiA® products Resistance losses -2.5% Improved by using SmartWireConnectionTechnology (SWCT) and HELiA® Recombination losses -3% Improved by using MAiA® or HELiA® passivation products

Meyer Burger resolving the biggest loss problems of solar cells and modules with our technologies

Meyer Burger is technologically best positioned with its MAiA® to further reduce recombination losses for higher efficiencies


Advanced PERx solar cell Meyer Burger has future potential to expand its MAiA® applications „evolutionarily“ Providing advanced optical layers to improve passivation and

optical losses on front side of solar cells

Tunnel oxides and passivated contact for back side of solar cell

Setting another industry standard in passivation technology

Enabling efficiencies up to 24% until ca. 2022

Source: SERIS, Meyer Burger

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19.5

20

20.5

21

21.5

22

22.5

23

23.5

24

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Cell

Effic

ienc

y (%

)

Year

Al-BSF

PERC

n-PERx

n-PERx (passivated contacts)

3. Bifacial n-type PERx • Improved front and back side

passivation with oxides

4. Passivated Contacts • Improved front and back side

passivation • Reduced contact passivation

through passivated contact structure

2. Bifacial p-PERx • AlOx/Sin Passivation for bifacial PERC

and PERx • bifacial PERC/T with SWCT smart wire

connecting technology

1. PERC optimization • MAiA® EVO

Meyer Burger driving PERx power roadmap evolutionarily using MAiA®

MAiA® = Multi Application Inline Apparatus – highly flexible concept Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017 29

Only 6 process steps for HJT compared to 12 for advanced PERx


Boron diffusion

Phosphor diffusion

PSG etch

Firing

Print front/rear side

ARC

Edge isolation

Test & sort

Laser opening

Backside passivation

Texture

a-Si front/rear side

Test & sort

TCO front/rear side

Print front/rear side

Curing

HJT process Advanced PERx

process

BSG etch

Texture

ITO

n-type c-Si

Ag (screen print)

ITO Ag (screen print) a-Si:H (p)

a-Si:H (i) a-Si:H (i)

a-Si:H (n)

HJT benefits Less footprint and OPEX/PEX due to

fewer process steps compared to PERx Efficiency potential up to 25% with 23%

today Suited for thin wafers Bifacial cell with highest backside

efficiency Highest energy yields

Advanced PERx hurdles for mass production Higher number of process steps Yield affected by additional steps “Advanced” processes still under

development

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

130%

135%

Technology evolution is good but can Meyer Burger start a revolution?


Revolutionary HJT approach reduces levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) Because of higher efficiencies than standard (evolutionary)

technologies resulting in higher module powers

Up to 20% higher energy yields due to lower temperature coefficient and superior bifaciality

250

300

350

400

2015 2016 2017 2018Mono PERC 5BB

MB HJT - SWCT - white backsheet

MB HJT - SWCT - bifacial (20% albedo)

60 cell modules: top modules compared

(average from several tier 1 suppliers)

384WP

330WP

MB HJT (bifacial)

MB HJT (white BS)

PERC

Source: Solar Intelligence, MB HJT / SWCT – Meyer Burger

Watt (Wp)

388WP

335WP

UAE: normalised monthly yields 01/2017 to 10/2017

Meyer Burger HJT/SWCT modules installation in UAE

Meyer Burger HJT/SWCT bifacial PERT bifacial

100% Reference = PERC monofacial

90

92

94

96

98

100

HJT PERC

Heterojunction – a „must be loved“ technology for solar energy investors


LCOE comparison [%]

-9%

ITO

n-type c-Si

Ag (screen print)

ITO

Ag (screen print) a-Si:H (p)

a-Si:H (i)

a-Si:H (i)

a-Si:H (n)

LCOE $

kWh= ∑ 𝐼𝐼𝑡𝑡 + 𝑀𝑀𝑡𝑡

1 + 𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶=1

∑ 𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡1 + 𝑟𝑟 𝑡𝑡

𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶=1

I [$]= Investment incl. financing M [$]= OPEX/Maintenance

E [kWh] = Electricity generation r = Discount rate

n [years] = Life of system t [year]= Year of use

HJT LCOE lower than standard technology Enabling LCOE below $0.04/kWh

Perfect choice for green field capacity expansions

Efficiency potential up to 25% until 2020

Use of thin wafers possible

Meyer Burger achieved a new record cell efficiency and module power…


Meyer Burger achievements >24% cell efficiency (Fraunhofer ISE based calibration)

Module power of 335W (TÜV Rheinland confirmed)

Proof of high power capability

Industrialised process sequence and equipment

Fast implementation and ramp up

Small footprint with less process steps compared to standard technology

24.02% highest cell efficiency 23.7% average efficiency 335W Module power (mono facial)

Photovoltaic module technologies driving growth in the solar energy industry


Standard busbar module – 4/5 market share

SWCT module

Meyer Burger has shaped the industry since 2008 by Supplying busbar stringer tools to the market enabling

highly efficient and productive soldering of solar cells

Setting an industry standard in busbar technology

Upgraded existing busbar stringer fleet from 3 busbar to 5 busbar to reduce resistance losses in the cell and the module

Meyer Burger solving another “solar technology node“ problem with SWCT Further reducing resistance losses in the cell and the

module

Perfectly matching HJT solar cells with the module

Enabling highest module efficiencies and powers as well as highest energy yields

Highest throughput (up to 5,000 wph)

Meyer Burger with „2-path“ technology strategy driving power evolutionary and revolutionary

35

Existing capacities

(evolutionary)

PERx 20..24% >300W

SWCT

New capacities

(revolutionary)

HJT 22..25% >320W

SWCT

Differentiation of customer needs

Right cell technology with ideal cost

structure

Module technology for both cell concepts

Proven MAiA® multi-application platform

Cell efficiency of 23% today available


Meyer Burger technology radar keeping new trends „in sight“


Thinner wafers/kerf-

less

Passivated contacts (PERx)

Black silicon/nano structures

Multiwire inter-

connection

Perovskite tandem

cells

III-V (on Si) tandem

cells

Shingling module

technology

Meyer Burger working with strong R&D institutes (CEA, CSEM, SERIS, Fraunhofer ISE, ISFH, UNSW, etc.) on future technologies for our customers • PERx technology solutions becoming available as market requires • HJT already available with solar cell efficiencies of 23% • 3rd generation solar cell technologies under evaluation for efficiencies >25% • SWCT multi-wire technology in the focus

A team of almost 300 technical experts in our R&D centres worldwide strives to shape the industrial processes of the future. Over 380 registered patents and more than 440 patents pending underline our innovativeness and our goal to create sustainable added-value for our customers. Meyer Burger invested 10% of its net sales in R&D in 2016.

Research and Development

37 Source: MB Annual Report 2016

46,7 MCHF


Bifacial modules and SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT) Dr Gunter Erfurt, Chief Technology Officer

335W Champion Module – another milestone for Meyer Burger


335W Module power (mono facial)

Brief introduction to solar module technology

40 Source: Solar Energy – Fundamentals, Physics and Systems, Delft University of Technology 2014, PV Tech 2017

Standard module – Glass-Backsheet

Module Power – 60 cell glass-backsheet

A solar module is a lamination of • Protecting front glass • Embedding front and back foils • Interconnected solar cells • Back-sheet or back-glass • Aluminium frame • Junction box

Power of a solar module • Currently at 295W on average (60 cell PERC) • Increasing 5-8W per year • Relying on the front side efficiency • Trend towards bifacial power generation • Must be stable over the life span of the

products • Yield „kwh per kW per year“ is important


Watt

41

Evolution of cell connection technology

Towards higher module power output with less silver consumption

? ? ?

Cell with 3 Busbars

Cell with 5 Busbars

Cell with SWCT


«Higher efficiency at lower costs» Boris Rosenstein, Executive President/CEO, SolarTech Universal LLC

Most cost effective method of connecting solar cells

Employing multiple wires instead of conventional ribbons, SWCT significantly enhances module performance

Beyond BusBars (BB): SWCT to overcome BB limitations for high power modules

42

SWCT module production line

SWCT Key Facts ≥ 3% relative module output vs. standard modules

> 10 years increased module lifetime stability

+ 10% BoS cost advantage with SWCT / HJT

Up to 65% less silver consumption with combination MB PERC / SWCT

Up to 80% reduction silver consumption using combination of HJT / SWCT


SmartWire Connection Technology (SWCT)

43

Higher module power

Higher energy yield

Less silver in cell production

Better tolerance to micro cracks

$/kWh


Innovative and patented Foil-Wire Electrode Concept Multiple wires are used instead of conventional cell connectors (tab ribbons) Compatible with HJT, PERC, PERT, thin wafer and bifacial cells

44

High performance cell interconnection


SmartWire String Linking cells by foil wire

electrode (FWE)

Cells and FWE are only attached together reducing stress on cells due to high temperature soldering

Flux-free & lead-free soldering

No negative impact of micro cracks on module performance

45

Fewer process steps for SWCT

Busbar Module Production

Glass preparation

Foil cutting and layup

Foil cutting and layup

Cell connection

Cell matrix layup

Interconnection

Encapsulation

Final assembly

Testing

Glass preparation

Foil/Wire Assembly

Cell connection

Matrix layup

Encapsulation

Final assembly

Testing

SWCT Module Production

Less production stations Higher automation level

SWCT Core Equipment

Roll to Roll Unit (RRU)

Cell Connection Station (CCS)


…should have: 1) Very high efficiency (sun to

electricity) 2) Collection of energy bifacially 3) High performance at any

temperature 4) Stable performance 5) Very stable to wind, snow and

hail 6) Low cost

The ideal module…


= lowest LCOE

47

High efficiency → less area → lower installation costs


Savings of 22% or 7,500 m2

Standard PV System Example: 34,000 m2

MB HJT PV System Example: 26,500 m2

Pic

ture

: goo

gle

earth

1.8 MW PV system with standard modules 7,500 modules (240 Wp)

Total cost of 1,134 USD/kWp (*)

2,100,000 kWh/a

1.8 MW PV system with HJT modules 5,790 modules (311 Wp)

Total cost of 1,098 USD/kWp (**)

2,250,000 or 2,550,000 kWh/a

Example for Sunbelt: 1,600 kwh/m2, 50° C

(*) Typical worldwide market price for standard module, w/o financing costs or land costs.

(**) HJT modules produced with margin (Cost of Ownership based on Meyer Burger assumption), w/o financing costs or land costs.

48

Bifaciality

48 Meyer Burger Technology Ltd, Technology Day 30 November 2017 Source: Sciencedirect, Sanyo Cooperation

Bifacial modules • Use the energy harvest from the „2 faces“

(back and front side) of the module • Can be faced in south or east/west direction or

combined • Yields depend on background of the

installation affecting the overall albedo back reflection

• Optimize the LCOE

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwizs_ysteLXAhWEcRQKHUCvA2cQjRwIBw&url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213007275&psig=AOvVaw3a8XPFFRl3wwNaA6U1un_l&ust=1511997926179109

49

Proven micro crack tolerance of SWCT


Dense SWCT contact matrix No negative impact of micro cracks → Guaranteed electron transport Investment security during entire module lifetime (transport and installation)

Busbar Technology SWCT Technology

Inactive cell area due to crack Full cell area is active after crack Image from: ISFH

Monitoring of Meyer Burger Technology in most important climate zones worldwide


Sun

belt ±

37°

DNI map

solargis.info Existing site

Reporting MB technology figures: France, institute Chambéry (>20pcs, strings) France, institute Cadarache (>20pcs, strings) Hungary, company (4pcs) Chile, university (6pcs) Brazil, company (36pcs, strings) US, Miami, company (8pcs) Turkey, university (1pcs) Switzerland, university (20pcs, strings)

MB owned sites, high accuracy: UAE, Abu Dhabi: fixed tilt (8pcs) US, California: 1-axis tracking (8pcs) US, Arizona: fixed tilt (2pcs) US, Arizona: 2-axis tracking (2pcs) China, Yinchuan fixed tilt (8pcs)

MB Measurement Site China, Yinchuan


China, Yinchuan ≈16% Albedo 100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

Aug Sept Oct

Yield to monofacial

CN: normalised monthly yields to monofacial Aug 2017 to Oct 2017

KWh/

kWp

to

refe

renc

e m

onof

acia

l

PERT bifacial MB HJT bifacial

Monofacial (100%)

Note: Installation August 2017

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

130%

135%

MB Measurement Site United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi


UAE, Abu Dhabi ≈24% Albedo

UAE: normalised monthly yields to monofacial Jan 2017 to Oct 2017

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct


Monofacial (100%)

Yield to monofacial

KWh/

kWp

to

refe

renc

e m

onof

acia

l

MB Measurement Sites USA, California and Arizona


USA, California ≈10% Albedo

Yield to monofacial

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

130%

135%


Yield to monofacial

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

Monofacial (100%)

KWh/

kWp

to

refe

renc

e m

onof

acia

l

USA California: normalised monthly yields to monofacial Jan 2017 to Jul 2017

100%

105%

110%

115%

120%

125%

130%

135%

MB to monofacial fixed axis

MB to monofacial both 2-axis tracking

Jan - Oct Jan - Oct

USA Arizona: fixed and 2-axis tracking Jan 2017 to Oct 2017

54

Levelised cost of electricity


1'200

1'300

1'400

1'500

1'600

1'700

1'800

BSF multi BSF mono PERC multi PERC 22% PERC bif21,8%

HJT 22% HJT 22,5%135µmWafer

1'398 1'398 1'380 1'399

1'594

1'787 1'787

Energy Yield [kWh/kWp/yr]

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

BSF multi BSF mono PERC multi PERC 22% PERC bif21,8%

HJT 22% HJT 22,5%135µmWafer

4.80 4.95

4.80 4.61

4.16 4.04

3.88

LCOE $Cent/kWh


HJT leads to lowest LCOE Energy generation cost

at cheapest level Upside potential due to

high efficiency potential

Assumptions 1,600 kWh/m2 yearly

irradiation 55°C average module

working temperature 1% LID for PERC 20% albedo effect for

bifacial modules

250

270

290

310

330

350

370

390

410

430

ASP expectation HJT vs. PERC bifacial


Today 2018 2020

Today 2018 2020

Offset Power 15+15+15 = 45W

20+16+15 = 51W

20+16+16 = 52W

Offset ASP 1ȼ/W / 5W 9 ȼ/Wp 10 ȼ/Wp 10 ȼ/Wp

PER

C

PER

C

PER

C

HJT

HJT

HJT

Front power Albedo effect TC benefit

Mod

ule

pow

er in

pow

er p

lant

[W]

Modules with more kWh/m2 offer lower LCOE

Value of lower LCOE is taken by module manufacturer

1 - 1.5 ȼ/Wp per 5 W power class price premium

Bifaciality HJT > 90% Bifaciality PERC < 70% Tc benfit HJT > 4%

Much higher ASP for

HJT expected for bifacial applications in moderate and hot climate

Thank you

Disclaimer

57

Information in this presentation may contain “forward-looking statements”, such as guidance, expectations, plans, intentions or

strategies regarding the future. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. The reader is cautioned that actual future results may differ from those expressed in or implied by the statements, which constitute projections of possible developments. All forward-looking statements included in this presentation are based on data available to Meyer Burger Technology Ltd as of the date that this presentation is released. The company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this presentation as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

This presentation is not being issued in the United States of America and should not be distributed to U.S. persons or

publications with a general circulation in the United States. This presentation does not constitute an offer or invitation to subscribe for, exchange or purchase any securities. In addition, the securities of Meyer Burger Technology Ltd have not been and will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), or any state securities laws and may not be offered, sold or delivered within the United States or to U.S. persons absent registration under an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act or any state securities laws.

The information contained in this presentation does not constitute an offer of securities to the public in the United Kingdom

within the meaning of the Public Offers of Securities Regulations 1995. No prospectus offering securities to the public will be published in the United Kingdom. Persons receiving this presentation in the United Kingdom should not rely on it or act on it in any way.

In addition, the presentation is not for release, distribution or publication in or into Australia, Canada or Japan or any other

jurisdiction where to do so would constitute a violation of the relevant laws or regulations of such jurisdiction, and persons into whose possession this document comes should inform themselves about, and observe, any such restrictions.


Documents

Technology Day 2017 - Meyer Burger online · Technology Day 2017 . 30 November 2017, held at Meyer Burger (Germany) AG, Hohenstein-Ernstthal . Dr Hans Brändle, Chief Executive Officer