Technologies for First RespondersGLANSER & PHASER

Precision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency RespondersTechnology Workshop, August 3-5, 2009

Jalal MaparProgram ManagerInfrastructure & Geophysical DivisionScience and Technology DirectorateAug 3, 2009

• S&T Organization & IPT Process• First Responder Technologies

– GLANSER• Background• BAA• Way Ahead

– PHASER• Background• Way Ahead

• Q&A

Topics

3

Explosives Command, Control& Interoperability Borders/

Maritime

Human Factors

Infrastructure/Geophysical

Director of InnovationDirector of Research Director of Transition

Chem/Bio

(Research)(Applications)

(Innovation)

U/S for Science and Technology

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

Sec Dir Research

Sec Dir Transition

DHS S&T Directorate

4

Infrastructure and Geophysical DivisionObjectives

Develop capabilities to identify and mitigate the vulnerabilities of the 17 critical infrastructure and improve the ability of the Nation to prepare for, respond to, and recover from all-hazards emergencies to keep our society and economy functioning

Program ElementsCritical Infrastructure ProtectionPreparedness & ResponseGeophysicalPreparedness & Response

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Preparedness & ResponseObjectives Enhance first responders ability to prepare for, respond

to and recover from all-hazards emergencies through development and deployment of enabling technologies

CustomerDHS/FEMA (primary), and others (CBP, CG, TSA, …)

End-User44,000 Emergency Response Organizations 18,000 Law Enforcement Agencies30,000 Fire Departments83,000 State/Local Governments

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Customer

DHS Management(Acquisition)

S&T Provider

End User

T&E

Building a Better Product Team Capstone IPT Process built on customer needs

IPT Chaired by customer

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DHS Requirements/Capability Capstone IPTsDHS S&T Product – “Enabling Homeland Capabilities” (EHCs)

OIA

Acquisition

Acquisition Acquisition

CBP/ICE CMO/IP

Acquisition Acquisition

ExplosivesBorders/Maritime

Information Sharing/Mgmt Border Security Chem/Bio Defense

Explosive PreventionMaritime Security

C2I Borders/Maritime

Guardsmen Agents

OOC Inspector/Agents Policy

People Screening Infrastructure Protection

Acquisition Acquisition

US VISIT/TSA

Human Factors

Infrastructure/Geophysical

SCO/CIS IP

USCG TSA/USSS

Cargo Security

Officers/Industry

Acquisition/Policy

CBP

Borders/Maritime

Chem/Bio

Cyber Security

Acquisition

Infrastructure/Geophysical/C2I

Infrastructure Owners/Operators

CS&C

InfrastructureOwners/Operators

Incident Management

Acquisition

First Responders

FEMA

Infrastructure/Geophysical

Prep & Response

C2I

First Responders

Acquisition

InteroperabilityFEMA/OEC

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High Priority Technology Needs

• Geospatial Location Accountability and Navigation System for Emergency Responders (GLANSER)

– Provide real-time location positioning and monitoring of first responders

• Physiological Health Assessment System for Emergency Responders (PHASER)

– Provide real-time health status of first responders to Responders and Incident Commanders

Responder Technologies

Critical Technologies for Situational Awareness and Saving Lives

National Defense Magazine Article

GLANSER

Responder Technologies

GLANSER: Background• Capability Need

– Allow emergency managers, including fire chiefs and other incident commanders, to rapidly and effectively deploy and re-deploy their forces or understand and respond to the consequences of potential threats to their forces

– Accurately locate and track incident responders in X-Y-Z

• Targeted situation areas–Inside of threatened

buildings–Collapsed buildings–Subterranean facilities or

underground

REQUIREMENTS• Specify the location of its host in three dimensions within 6

meters (3 meters desired) • *Assume building is not instrumented*

• Function in the extreme operational environments encountered by emergency responders

• Incident life of 2 hours or longer (4 hours desired)• Include a distress button and indicator of non-movement• Wirelessly transmit inside or outside of structures and

through rubble to an off-site incident command post, on-site incident command posts, emergency responders

• Self-initializing, calibrating, adjusting, and with diagnostic capabilities to ensure speed and reliability

• Resistant to potentially damaging electrical charge, protected from potentially dangerous gases, impact resistant, and waterproof

• Operate outside all buildings and inside of almost all buildings, no matter their structural state and environmental conditions

• Primary incident command posts should be able to monitor the status of the locator and its host from a radial distance from 30 meters to 100 meters (per relay)

• Base station is a combination of additional communications equipment and the laptop/portable computer and required software.

• Base station software must be able to display location and identification of personnel.

• Base station software must be able to link the unique identifier of the locator to a specific individual

• Base station must include visualization tools to allow incident commanders and site personnel to easily interpret incoming displayed information

• And many more …

GLANSER: Background

Prototype Unit

GLANSER: Background

DHS S&T SBIR Phase II (NBCHC080076)3D Bldg Visualization Tool for Incident CommandersKutta Technologies, Phoenix, AZ

GLANSER: Background• Lessons Learned From the prototyping project

– Requirements are still the same– Indoor location tracking technology not mature as a product– Current concepts/systems work some of the time but not all of

the time• Multipath, loss of signal, error correction, …

– End user input extremely essential and critical!– Has to be easy to use or it won’t be accepted

• Size, weight, Automation & Power (SWAP)• Automation, non-intrusive• Integration with existing equipment

– Cost is a major consideration• System/unit cost• Maintenance/upkeep

GLANSER: Community Involvement• Conducted a workshop to review requirements

– A diverse group of users, practitioners, technologists, …Name Organization

Bill Haskell NIOSH, NPPTL

Bill Troup USFA

Bob Ingram NYFD; IAB

Brad Pabody USFA

Bruce Varner Santa Rosa FD; NFPA, Electronic Safety Equipment Technical Committee

Ed Dadosky Cincinnati FD

Gary Morris IAFC, Safety Health and Survival Section

Jalal Mapar DHS, S&T Directorate

Matt Bowyer NIOSH, Investigations

Michael O’Shea DOJ, Office of Science and Technology

Nelson Bryner NIST, Building and Fire Research Laboratory

Steve Edwards MFRI, Center for Firefighter Research & Development

Alex McLellan Homeland Security Institute

Kim Jones Homeland Security Institute

Sara Jones Homeland Security Institute

GLANSER: DHS S&T BAA 09-02

GLANSER: BAA

•Single / Multiple Award(s)•Base (1yr)•Options (max 4 yrs)

GLANSER: DHS S&T BAA 09-02

Team X Team Y

Two Teams

GLANSER: Way Ahead• A robust system that integrates the best components• Stable and reliable 3m accuracy improved to 1m• Small footprint and low cost• Spiral development w/ emphasis on T&E with responders

BP O1 O2 O3 O4

DesignSystem Dev

System Req, PDR, Test/Demo

Integ & Test Deployment

Field T&E

Start Feasibility Test/Demo

PDR

15 units 3 base

CDR

20 units 5 base

25 units 5 base

Production1000

Product

Field Demo Field Demo

T&E

Responder Technologies

PHASER

PHASER: Background

PHASER: Background

Source: The New England Journal Of Medicine, March 22, 2007 vol. 356 no. 12

PHASER: The Need• Capability need

– Prevent fire ground deaths and the attendant risks they present to other firefighters and responders

– A highly reliable metric and notification system for on scene identification of firefighters who are at significant risk of an immediate cardio-vascular or cerebral-vascular incident

– Know when to pull them out– An integrated sensor package that will monitor a responder’s vital

signs– A baseline for the overall physical health of the responder

PHASER: Technological Challenges• Physiology/Medical

– What can be measured? What should be measured?– Which parameters are necessary, sufficient?– Baselining

• How? How many? What conditions?• Sensors

– Which ones?– Size, Power, Form, Weight, Power?– Vest, wrist band, headband, within PPE, Tricorder?– Real time decision aid? What kind of alarms?

• Detection vs. Prediction?– Replace the MD?

• What is good enough and is that good enough!?– 30%, 40%, …, 90%, …, ????

• What can be leveraged: Gov Agencies, Industry, Academia, international

?Star Trek Medical Tricorder

• Medical/Clinical data• Sensor technology• Decision Aid algorithms• Real Time Operation• Fidelity• Reliability• Accuracy• Cost• Use• Dependence/reliance• How soon?

PHASER: Challenges Ahead

Courtesy: BIOPAC Systems, Inc

• Understanding of the problem– Held early workshop to identify requirements, what we know, what we

don’t know• Attendees from a cross section of users, medical/clinical, and

technologists• Define R&D plan

– Important S&T topic areas– Identify fundamental issues to be tackled– Requirements Specs

• Define Approach– Development– Test– Milestones

PHASER: Road Ahead

And Finally …

Outreach 2010- Joint Navigation Conference

Tracks on Urban Indoor Navigation

Outreach 2010- BodyNets 2010

BodyNets 2010 Will Have a Special Focus on Physiological Monitoring Systems