Technologies for CCS on Natural Gas Power Systems

Satish ReddyApril 2104

Presentation Focus

This presentation focuses on:– Solvent based Carbon Capture from Natural Gas based

power plants– Commercial and demonstration experience– Energy consumption minimization– Environmental impact

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Introduction

There are several technologies available for solvent

based Carbon Capture To name a few:

– Alstom– Aker Solutions– Cansolv– Fluor– MHI – Siemens

Few of these companies have demonstrated on natural

gas power systems

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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience

CO2 Capture Experience

Fluor has several decades of experience in CO2 projects and facilities, including:

– Capture

Pre- and post-combustion including Fluor's Econamine FG+ technology

Gas processing: Removal of CO2 from synthesis gas & natural gas; over 400 units

– Transport

Pipelines, piping systems, compression and pumping

Drying

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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience

One of the most proven post-combustion CO2 capture

process available:– Vast body of commercial experience– 28 plants to date– Fluor has been active in post-combustion capture since

the late 1980s

Suitable for a range of O2 and CO2 containing gas

streams– CO2 : 3% to 20% by volume

– O2 : 1 to 15% by volume

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Fluor’s Econamine FG+SM Experience

Commercially proven on gas

– Bellingham NGCC Power Plant

– Several Gas Engines in Power Generation

Demonstrated on coal

– Wilhelmshaven Econamine FG+ Demonstration Plant

Commercially proven on low-grade fuel oil

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Commercial Experience on Gas Turbine Exhaust

Project Profile: Bellingham, MA

Capacity 360 tons/d 40 MW flue gas flow from NGCC power plant CO2 Concentration: 3.5% v/v

O2 Concentration: 13 to 14% v/v

100% air cooled Product Usage: Food-grade CO2

Continuous commercial operation from 1991 to

2005 (14 years) 98.5% on-stream factor in 2004 Shutdown due to high natural gas price

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History of EFG+ - Bellingham Plant

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Aerial View Ground View

Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

Column Scale-up

Columns of 20 m or 60 ft are not common

Proper gas and liquid distribution

At the same time, pressure drop needs to minimized

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Large Column Example

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Fluor’s DGA Plant in Ulthamaniyah, Saudi Arabia

Absorber with large diameter

Large Column Example

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Large diameter vacuum column being delivered to a

Fluor in the USA.

Column Scale-up

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Column Scale-up

Mitigation Strategies

– Build absorption system in multiple trains: Downside is

higher CAPEX

– Conduct CFD analysis and use proven scale-up

measures

– Learn from other applications where large columns have

been deployed

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Energy Consumption

Typical electric load for a NGCC capture unit:– Capture 35%– Compression 65%

Compression is a mature technology. – Efficiency is very high: Approximately 85% to 88%– Not much room for improvement

Room for improvement in capture energy consumption– Steam demand is between 2.6 to 2.8 GJ/t– Many claims of lower steam demand have not been

substantiated

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Emissions

Typical emissions include the following species:– Ammonia– VOCs– Solvent vapor

With some processes: nitrosamines Measurement techniques including online analyses

have considerably improved

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Summary

It is time for large scale natural gas based demo plants

to be built in the US Useful demonstration scale is 200 to 250 MW Proven solvents should be considered instead of

“chasing the rainbow” There is much more to building a robust and energy

efficient plant that just pure chemistry Systematic quantification of environmental performance

is required.

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Questions

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