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Technologies and Standards on Spatial Data Sharing in China
Jianya Gong
Wuhan University, CHINA
Contents
1. Introduction in Geo-Information Communities in China
2. The Researches for Geo-spatial Data Sharing Technologies and Standards
3. Implementation and Test of Geographic Information Sharing Standards
4. Conclusions
1. Introduction of Geo-Information Communities in China
Status of Geospatial Information Technology in China
• Chinese government encourages development on Geospatial Information Technology
• The technologies of Geospatial Information in China have developed quickly in recent years, especially on :– Remote Sensors– Satellite Navigation System– Digital Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Image
Processing System– GIS Software System – Remote Sensing and GIS Application
Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and GIS System in China
• Digital Photogrammetry System
• Remote Sensing Processing System
• GIS Software System
Two commercial digital photogrammetry systems
• VirtuoZo
is developed by Wuhan University and Super Company
• Jx-4
is developed by Chinese Academy in Surveying and Mapping, and Beijing Siwei Company
They occupy 80-90% markets in China
Four remote sensing processing systems
• GeoImager is developed by Wuhan University and Wuda Geo Company
• RSImages is developed by Chinese Academy in Surveying and Mapping,
• Taitan Image System is developed by Beijing Taitan Company
• RS System is developed by Institute of Remote Sensing Application of Chines
e Academy
They occupy 20-30% markets in China
Three commercial GIS software systems in China
They occupy about 50% markets in China
•GeoStar
is developed by Wuhan University and Wuda Geo Company
•MapGIS
is developed by Chinese Geology University and Zhongdi Company
•SuperMap
is developed by Institute in Resource and Geography of Chinese
Academy and SuperMap Company
2. Research on Geo-spatial Data Sharing Technologies and Standards
Research Funding
• From National High Technology Program (863 program): a specific research field “Earth Observation and Navigation”. The technologies and standards on spatial data sharing have been as a key project
• From State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping
• From other agencies: Local government, Geo-related companies
Research Projects and Plans
• 863 key project: “Standards of Geo-Spatial Data Sharing and Technologies of Geo-Information Web Service” (2002-2005).
• Ongoing national standards: GML, WFS, WMS, Data Transfer Standard, Spatial Scheme, GI Registration, Catalogue service, etc.
• 863 key project: “Technologies of GRID-GIS” (2007-2010). The interoperability technologies standards will be one of the important contents.
• More standards will be upcoming in the near future.
Three levels of spatial data sharing standards in China
Basic Standards
Geospatial Data Distribution Standards
Geospatial Data Interoperability Standards
Level 1: Basic Standards
• Metadata Standard: adoption of ISO 19115 and released in last few years
• Geospatial Feature Classification: proposed by China’s institutes, released in 1992 and updated in 2005
• Geospatial Data Transfer Standard: proposed by Wuhan University, released in 1999 and updated in 2006
• Geospatial Data Model: adoption of ISO 19107 and to be released in 2008
• Geospatial Visualization and Symbolization Standard: proposed by Wuhan University and to be released in 2008
• Geography Markup Language (GML): adoption of ISO 19136 and to be released in 2008
Geo-spatial Data Transfer Standard
Contents:
( 1 ) Basic information of data set
( 2 ) Definition of feature types
( 3 ) Data structure of attribute data
( 4 ) Geometric data
( 5 ) Annotation data
( 6 ) Topology data
( 7 ) Attribute data
( 8 ) Visualization data
•adopting geo-spatial data model•using both BNF and XML encoding
1++
1++1++
2++1++
Spatial DB
Spatial Object Image DEM
Graphics attribute
Point Curve Surf. Assemble Objects
Line String Polygon Multi-surf. Multi-poly.Multi-curve
Multi LineStringMultiple PolygonLinearitySegment
Solid
Geospatial Data Model
HeadBegin<CR>DataMark: CNSDTF-VCT<CR>Version: <GB/T17798-2007><CR>[CoordinateSystemType: C|D|P<CR>][Dim: <2|3><CR>][XAxisDirection: <E|N|W|S><CR>][YAxisDirection: <N|E|S|W><CR>][XYUnit: M|D|< 其他单位 ><CR>][ZUnit: M|< 其他单位 ><CR>][Spheroid: < 参考椭球 ><CR>][PrimeMeridian: < 首子午线 ><CR>][Projection: < 投影类型 ><CR>][Parameters: < 投影参数 ><CR>][VerticalDatum: < 高程基准 ><CR>][TemporalReferenceSystem: < 时间参照系 ><CR>
][ExtentMin:< 坐标 ><CR>][ExtentMax:< 坐标 ><CR>][MapScale: < 整数 ><CR>][Offset: < 坐标 ><CR>][Date: < 日期 ><CR>][Separator: < 字符 ><CR>]HeadEnd<CR>
Basic information of data set (using BNF)
要素类型参数内容和格式<要素类型参数 > ::=
FeatureCodeBegin<CR>{<要素类型编码 >,<要素类型名称 >,<几何类型 >,<属性表名 >{,<用户项 >}<C
R>}FeatureCodeEnd<CR>
<要素类型名称 > ::= <字符串 ><字符串 >中不能含有逗号 (,)。
<几何类型 > ::= Point | Line | Polygon | Solid | Collection | Annotation <属性表名 > ::= <标识符 >空表名表示没有属性表。<用户项 > ::= <字符串 >
<字符串 >中不能含有逗号 (,)。
Definition of feature types
(using BNF)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><schema targetNamespace="http://www.csdf.org/Schema" xmlns:csdf="http://www.csdf.org/Schema" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
<complexType name="datasetType"><annotation>
<documentation>分为矢量数据集、影像数据集和格网数据集 </documentation></annotation><choice>
<element ref="csdf:vectorData"/><element ref="csdf:imageData"/><element ref="csdf:gridData"/>
</choice></complexType><element name="dataset" type="csdf:datasetType">
<annotation><documentation>所有数据实例必须以该元素作为根元素。 </documentation>
</annotation></element><complexType name="vectorDataType">
<annotation><documentation>矢量数据类型 </documentation>
</annotation><sequence>
<element ref="csdf:vectorMetaData"/><element ref="csdf:featureCodes"/><element ref="csdf:tableStructures"/><element ref="csdf:pointFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:curveFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:polygonFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:solidFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:multiGeometryFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:annotationFeatures" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:topoNodes" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:topoEdges" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:attributeTables" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:varchars" minOccurs="0"/><element ref="csdf:styles" minOccurs="0"/>
</sequence></complexType><element name="vectorData" type="csdf:vectorDataType">
<annotation><documentation>矢量数据 </documentation>
</annotation></element><complexType name="vectorMetaDataType">
<annotation><documentation>矢量数据元数据类型 </documentation>
</annotation><sequence>
<element name="version" type="string" fixed="GB/T17798-2007">
Basic information for data set
(using XML)
<simpleType name="geometryTypeType"><annotation>
<documentation>几何类型 </documentation></annotation><restriction base="string">
<enumeration value="Point"/><enumeration value="Line"/><enumeration value="Polygon"/><enumeration value="Annotation"/><enumeration value="Solid"/>
</restriction></simpleType><complexType name="featureCodeType">
<annotation><documentation>要素类型参数类型 </documentation>
</annotation><sequence>
<element name="code" type="string"><annotation>
<documentation>要素类型编码 </documentation></annotation>
</element><element name="name" type="string">
<annotation><documentation>要素类型名称 </documentation>
</annotation></element><element name="geometryType" type="csdf:geometryTypeTyp
e"><annotation>
<documentation>几何类型 </documentation></annotation>
</element>
Definition of feature types
(using
XML)
Level 2:Geospatial Data Distribution Standards
• Specification of geospatial dataset registration registration
• Specification of geospatial data catalogue
• Guide of geospatial data distribution
Specification of geospatial dataset registrationregistration
was proposed by National Information Center with reference to ISO 19135 “Procedures for reProcedures for registration of geographic information items”gistration of geographic information items” and W3C UDDI/WSDL, and will be released in 2008.
Example: Registration service system for geo-spatial dataset
Specification of geospatial data catalogue
• With reference to OGC catalogue service specification, and to be released in 2008.
Example: Catalogue Service for Geospatial Data
Results of the catalogue service example
Guide of Geospatial Data Distribution
• was proposed by Chinese Geomatric Center, and applied in geospatial data distribution.
Example: Distribution service system for geospatial data
Level 3: Geospatial Data Interoperability Standards
• Simple Feature Implementation Specification – for OLE/COM– for JAVA
• Web Map Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Coverage Service (WCS)– adoption of the corresponding ISO or OGC standards
and to be released in 2008
Simple Feature Implementation Specification for OLE/COM
• Simple feature implementation specification for OLE/COM from OGC, has been implemented and tested by Chinese GIS software.
GeoSurfSystem
DEM System Image DB System
2-D GIS Application System
DE
M C
OM
Image C
OM
2-D
GIS
C
OM
3-D
GIS
C
OM
Oth
er CO
M
ActiveX
3-D GIS
Editing
Query and analysis COM
Query Analysis Mapping
Spatial Data operation Interface (OGC specification)
DB2 SyBase Oracle ARC/SDE Informix GeoStarfile
CO
M/
DC
OM
VectorImage DEM
SD
C/
OD
BC
DEM Ana
IGeometry
IUnknown
IPoint
ILintString
IPolygon
IGeoAnnotation
IGeometryCollection
IMultiPoint
IMultiLineString
IMultiPolygon
Objects
Common Methods IGeometry
IGeometry::get_Dimension
IGeometry::get_SpatialReference
IGeometry::put_SpatialReference
IGeometry::IsEmpty
IGeometry::SetEmpty
IGeometry::IsSimple
IGeometry::get_Envelope
IGeometry::Clone
IGeometry::Project
interface IGeometry : IUnknown
interface IPoint : IGeometry
interface ILineString : IGeometry
interface IPolygon : IGeometry
interface IGeoAnnotation : IGeometry
interface IGeometryCollection : IGeometry
interface IMultiPoint : IGeometryCollection
interface IMultiLineString : IGeometryCollection
interface IMultiPolygon : IGeometryCollection
Common MethodsCommon Methods
Example of geographical information sharing between different data sources (Implemented in Geostar)
Simple Feature Implementation Specification for JAVA
• Simple feature implementation specification for JAVA has been proposed with referencing to Simple feature implementation specification for CORBAR, has been implemented and tested.
3. Implementation and Test of Geographic Information Sharing Standards
Several GIS software systems in China have implemented the standards on geospatial data sharing, such as CNSDTF, simple feature implementation specification for COM, for JAVA, and WMS, WFS, WCS and so on.
Test of Web Map Service
Test of Web Coverage Service
Test of Web Feature Service
Geo-spatial data integration by multiple GISs based on geo-spatial information w
eb service specifications
Spatial Data Integration
GeoStar
ArcIMS
SuperMap MapGIS
MapInfo
Example: spatial data integration by multiple web service specifications
Data Integration from Multi Systems and Based on Multi Specifications
Conclusions• China has been doing research, implementation and
testing on geo-spatial data sharing standards
• Metadata standard, geospatial feature classification and geospatial data transfer standard have been released and applied in China.
• Geospatial registration service, catalogue service, GML, WMS, WFS, WCS will be released in the near future.
• The research and application of geo-spatial data sharing standards in China are still in the primary stage, and we hope to have more cooperation with the colleagues in the world.
Thank You!