1SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Aqua Nor 2007 Salmon Industry in Chile and Norway

Technological development -technology shifts

Dr. Karl A. AlmåsSINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Trondheim, Norway

2SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Global fish production (mill. tons, FAO 2006)

Use

020406080

100120140160180200

2000 2010 2020 2030

Food fish production Non-food use

Production

020406080

100120140160180200

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Wild capture Aquaculture

3SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Access to land and waterLittle land available, especially in Asia , the main producer

Transfer from agriculture to aquaculture (rice and sugar has failed)Integration into farming systemsShrimp farming, mangroves are protectedIntensification of land based production is one strategy but cost increases. (need investments)

Unavailability of freshwaterUse of fresh water for aquaculture is regarded as waste compared to agriculture

Anyway; Land based aquaculture expands, but access to clean water is a limiting factor.

New way to meet this; Marine Aquaculture: No water and area restriction, but need of capital.

Chile and Norway have advantages

4SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

5SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

6SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Thank you for your attention!

7SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Access to adequate feedCan be a critical constraint. Irregularity has caused problems in Africa and Asia.Fish meal and oil . Mixed feelings ?

Expected to increase in aqua feedMeal , 5% increase 2.87-3.02 million tons, 2002-2012Oil, 17 % increase 0.87-0,97 million tons, 2002-2012

More efficient feeding is expectedDifficult to predict because of import to China

Trash fish 5-6 million tons are used directly in South East Asia and ChinaNot sustainable . Could be used for fish to humans directly.

Looking for suitable alternativesVegetable and terrestrial sources (soy protein, soy oil)Harvesting at lower levels in the food webProduction of bio proteins by conversion of natural gas (Single cell protein and lipid)

Most promising: Changing to omnivore/herbivore finfish and crustaceans, total replacement of fishmeal.

8SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

One example from The North Atlantic: Harvesting zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus

Rauåte (Calanus finmarchicus) (Foto: Dag Altin, BioTrix)

Fiskeriaktivitet (Oljedir / St.meld. nr. 8 2005-2006).

Annual production:

300 mill tons

10 % applied on a higher level in

the food web

9SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Greater capitalization, new technology

Capital intensive:Attracted to high priced fish speciesChange from labour intensive to capital intensiveChange to high price species

Offshore aquacultureExpansion of marine fish production in AsiaSea cage culture of milkfish replacing brackish water in PhilippinesLegal basis for offshore aquaculture in USHigh potential world wide ( Asia, Pacific, North and Latin America, Europe, West and Southern Africa)

Enclosed systemsAccess to capital will be a limiting factor. Challenge to develop this in developing countries. Increasing foreign investments.

Investment Operating costInsurance , more risk

10SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Development of open cage technology

11SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Automatic of fish processing(robotics)

12SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Transfer of Competence:Oil-fish-oil-fish-oil-fish-oil-fish-oil-fish….

1960-1970: Fish ------> OilMaritime and coastal zone competence (shipping, industry, ports) formed the basis for development of the oil/gas sector.

1980-1990: Oil -------> FishCompetence from construction of offshore installations formed the basis for new types of fish farms.

2000-2010: Fish--------> OilUtilisation of scrapped offshore platformsUtilisation of fish resources prior to, under and a field development.

2000- : Oil -------> FishSubsea installations for creating ”upwelling” conditions

13SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Environmental factors

Intensification have increased environmental challenges

Water qualityFish healthEnvironmental carrying capacity .New feeding systems

The environment has been improved by the aquaculture industry itself and the suppliers.

Consumer associations, civil society, supermarket chains and other stakeholders are demanding an environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture.

14SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

Intensive fed aquaculture

(salmon)Filtering species culture

(mussels)

“Photosynthetic aquaculture”

(seaweed)

15SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Fish welfare

Future fish farming legislation will demand that the technology used in farming procedures give an optimum fish welfare.Technology suppliers must document this.

Sorting and handling of live fishHigh densities pr.cage during grow-outHarvesting and live transport

16SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

Market access, consumer preferencesFish consumption in EU divided into the Northern part and the Mediterranean part

Northern partValue-added products

Mediterranean partFresh fish and whole fish preferredCephalopod a well liked food

More fish purchased in super marketsMore purchase of niche products, such as sushi, tropical fish speciesSalmon is becoming one of the cheapest and highest consumption speciesTraditional fish products, such as bacalao (dried salted cod) stagnating

17SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

”From resource- to knowledge intensive ”FAO: To cover the future fish markets, the global production of fish has to be increased from 120 mill. tons in 2005 to 180 mill. tons in 2030. The increase will come through marine aquaculture.

Suggested through European Aquaculture Technology Platform, EATPTechnology for sustainable harvest of wild fish (fishing vessels and fishing gear)Open cage aquaculture technology for exposed environment, and environmental control of land-based aquaculture.New fish processing technology for total utilization of raw materials and cost effective production of products for human consumption with 100 % traceability.Exploration of new feed resources.Transfer of technological know-how to developing countries.

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AKVAFORSK , VESO and SINTEF in CHILE

AVS CHILE SA

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AVS Chile represents scientific knowledge and experience of applied research and development

through the value chain

Environment

Value addedProcessingFeed Genetics Farm management

Fish health and wellfare

Farming and Processing Technology

Product quality

Worker safetyTraceability

20SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture

ConclusionFocus on global food supplyFocus upon sustainability

FeedEnvironmentEnergyEthics, safety

Chile and Norway are integrated parts of the global fish supply system

Most fish will be produced outside Europe and South AmericaEurope is at the lead technologically (Change from raw material focus to knowledge based focus)Technology from other sectors. Technological shift.Chile and Norway can play a major part in the global development