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Techniques for Interacting with Off-Screen Content. Pourang IraniCarl Gutwin University of ManitobaUniversity of Saskatchewan Grant PartridgeMahtab Nezhadasl University of ManitobaUniversity of Manitoba. Introduction. R. M. R. M. R. R. R. M. R. M. R. R. R. M. R. M. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Techniques for Interacting with Off-Screen Content
Pourang Irani Carl GutwinUniversity of Manitoba University of Saskatchewan
Grant Partridge Mahtab NezhadaslUniversity of Manitoba University of Manitoba
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Introduction
2D navigation: Time Multiplexing
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Zooming
2D navigation: Space Multiplexing
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Overview+Detail DragMag
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Proxy-based techniques
[Baudisch et al., 2003] [Bezerianos and Balakrishnan, 2005]
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2D navigation: Proxy
Hop (Halo + Proxies)
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Tasks
• Baudisch & Rosenholtz [2003]
– “Position”– “Closest”– “Avoid”
• Spatially Absolute– Existence, Count, Location
• Spatially Relative – Proximity to reference, Proximity b/w objects, Cluster
Evaluation: Conditions
• Navigation Techniques– Zoom - two-level zoom– DragMag – Hop
• Tasks– Absolute– Relative
Zooming
DragMag
Hop
Results: Completion Time
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Existence ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
Proximityfrom
Reference
Cluster
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
HopDragMagZoom
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Existence ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
Proximityfrom
Reference
Cluster
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
HopDragMagZoom
HopDragMagZoom
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Possible explanations – strategy
• Number of operations about 1/5 with hop
• Zooming requires more “trips” …– not so good for absolute tasks
• … but good for spatial information– useful for relative tasks
• DragMag reduced the number of “trips”– allows users to perform relative tasks with ease– but added complexity of managing windows
Possible explanations – task-based• Relative tasks
– Need orientation and comparisons b/w views– Rely on VSTM
• Absolute tasks– Require information about the objects– Do not require spatial/orientation information
WinHop (hop + windows)
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop
WinHop (video)
MultiscaleZoom
MultiscaleZoom
MultiscaleZoom (video)
Absolute: Location (winhop)
Relative: Cluster (msz)
Results
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Existence
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
Tim
e (s
ecs
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ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
Proximityfrom
Reference
Cluster0
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Existence
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Multiscale-ZoomWinHopHopDragMagZoom
Spatially Absolute Tasks Spatially Relative Tasks
Tim
e (s
ecs
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ObjectCount
Location ProximitybetweenObjects
Proximityfrom
Reference
Cluster
Limitations of Hybrid Techniques
• WinHop– Many operations, significant learning curve
• MultiScale Zoom– Clutter from proxies
Main Findings
• Each task requires a different navigation strategy
• Proxy-based ideal for target-only info tasks
• Time/Space multiplexing ideal for target-target info
• Hybrids improve performance in both types of tasks
• Performance with Multiscale Zoom remained constant
Conclusion
• Beneficial to investigate techniques on multiple tasks
• Ideal technique gives target and context information
• Hybrid techniques are reliably good– Consider multiscale zoom for small displays
• Hybrids performance on other tasks