Technical Training Sections - spartancontrols.com/media/resources/phase dynamics/g... · LCD Display Issues ... – Software compatible with 8086/8088 ... Remote Stream Selection

1Copyright Phase Dynamics, Inc. 2003

Technical Training Sections

General Product Information/Knowledge Section– Electronics Features & Specifications– Mounting Considerations– Electrical Connections– Electronics System & Boards

Low Range Analyzer System– Fundamental System Issues– Sampling Issues– Low Range Calibration

Full Range Analyzers– System Issues– Installation & Standard Salinity Calibration– Factory Calibration


Electronics Unit - Features

Microprocessor Controlled - NEC V25 -16 Bit CMOS Processor

No Battery Backup Required - 2K EEPROM Writes at Power Down

Lightning Protection - 9 MOV'S on the Input Power Line

Fused Inputs/Outputs - Analog I/O Fuses + MOV's, Heater Fuse,Main Line Fuse

Built In Self Test - Self Checks EEPROM, RAM, EPROM & InterfaceEvery 15 Minutes


Features (Continued 1)

System Error Relay - Alert Operator of Error Status, Over Range,System Memory Error, Card Failure, etc.

Alarm Point Relay - For a User Set Process Variable Limit - AlarmAbove or Below a Preset Limit, Variable Time Input to PreventToggling

Optional CSA, Factory Mutual, Cenelec, CE Approval.

Explosion Proof Enclosures Used In Class 1, Groups C & DHazardous Locations

Analog Output - 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA, User Selectable, 12 bitResolution



Net Flow Operation - Input From a Flow Meter is Multiplied by theProcess Variable Percentage– Display Total Volume of the Product in the Stream– This feature is Enabled by the Customer; Input 4-20 mA, Pulsed

Magnetic Pickup or a Voltage Pulse– Temperature Averaging Option Available

Analog Input - Provides a Port for Flow Input or other VariableProcess Parameters– Can Also Be Used for Stream Select



Digital Communications– One RS-422/485 Port– Full-Duplex RS-422 Serial Communications– Half-Duplex RS-485 Multi drop (Optional)– Up to 4000 feet in length, 9600 Baud, 8 bit– Gives full Digital Setting of Parameters and Data Collection

Modbus RTU RS-485 Protocol OptionalHART Protocol Optional


Electronics Unit - Specifications

Power Requirements– 120 VAC (+15/-25%), 60 Hz (50 Hz optional); 25 watts typical, 60

watts max– 230 VAC (+15/-25%) 50/60 Hz; 25 watts typical, 60 watts max– 24 VDC (Optional), (18-36 VDC); 0.75 A, 1.8 A max

Ambient ELECTRONICS Operating Temperature– 30 F to 130 F– Extended Ambient Operating Temperature -40 to 130 F with

Heater Kit 120/230 VAC models only (Optional) Storage Temperature ; -50 to 160 F


Specifications (Continued)

Available Enclosures– Explosion Proof Enclosure; Class I, Groups C & D; 59.0 lbs. 17.4"H x 14.0"W x 9.6"D– NEMA 4, 8, and 9; Fiberglass Enclosure NEMA 4X;

16.6 lbs. 16.3"H x 12.0"W x 8.0"DSystem Cable; 13 conductor plus 3 twisted pairs; 22 AWG– Approximately 1/2 inch in diameter– 20 feet standard, 150 feet maximum– Military Connector on Oscillator End


Electronics Unit - Electrical Considerations

Conduit - 1” Fitting on the Measurement Section with 3/4" Adapter

– 3/4" on Main Electronics Housing

– Maximum of 150 feet from Measurement Section to Electronics

– System Cable Must Be Pulled from Measurement Section End

Grounding Issues

– Un-interruptible Safety Earth Ground Must Be Implemented. This is the“Earth” Terminal on the Voltage Input Board.

– Green Ground Wire (Supplied with Unit) from Electronics toMeasurement Section Must Be Installed.

Voltages and Brown Out Conditions

– Voltages Need to Be Within Limits Stated

– Brown Out Conditions will Reduce EEPROM Life


Electronics Unit - Mounting Considerations

Avoid Prevailing Winds in Freezing Conditions

– Customer can Heat Trace Electronics and Measurement Section

– Heater Kit Available on Some Models

Avoid Direct Sunlight

– Use a Sun Shield in Ambient Temperatures Above 100 F.

LCD Display Issues

– Mount Electronics at Viewing Height

– Viewing Angle is Adjustable Within Reasonable Limits

– Display Has Adjustable Back Lighting


Electronics Unit - Electrical Connections

Power Input & Earth GroundSystem Cable & System GroundAnalog Output - 1000 ohms Max. (600 ohms for 24 VDC)Pulse Flow Meter InputCurrent Flow Meter Input -Optionally Used for Well SelectAlarm Point Relay - Delay Time and Set Point from MenuSystem Error Relay - System Fault Checked every 15 Minutes1 Digital Communication Port - ASCII Format Standard


AC FuseHeater Fuse

Power Supply BoardMicroprocessor Board

Frequency BoardAnalog Output Analog Input

EEProm Near Edge& Eprom (White Label)

Dip SwitchOn

MicroprocessorBoard

Main Electronics Layout

Geeen Ground WireScrew Location


Electronics Unit - System Operation

Power Input Conversion– 28, 15, 5 VDC– DC Operation uses an Optional Inverter

Oscillator Heater– 24-32 VDC Unregulated– Must be Available for Oscillator to Turn On

Power Supply Protection– Over Voltage Protection– Fuses on Heater Circuit and Output Circuits

Power Supply Control Signals– Power On Self Test– Microprocessor Reset


Electronics Unit - System Operation(Continued)

Trigger Timer to Start Measuring FrequencyUpdate DisplayRead Switches for any Input from OperatorWait for Timer Interrupt– Read Frequency, Temperature, and Reflected Power– Calculate new water-cut– Update Analog Output

Check Alarm PointUpdate Net Oil Counters (If Option Turned On)Built In Self Test– Checks System Automatically Every 15 Minutes– Closes Error Relay if Problem is Found


Electronics Unit - Board Descriptions

Power Input Board– Power input terminals– Power input fuse– Nine MOVs suppress transients– Transformer connector

Transformer Motherboard– Transformer connector– Daughter board connectors– Signal terminals– Bridges and filter capacitors– Power indicators

Motherboard (Continued)

– Heater fuse

– Analog I/O fuses

– Analog I/O MOVs

– Alarm Point relay

– System Error relay

Power Supply Board

– +5V and +15V regulators

– Over voltage protection

– Power Good signal

– Power Down signal


Board Descriptions (Continued 1)

Microprocessor Board- NEC V25 - 16-bit, single chip, CMOS– Software compatible with 8086/8088– Twenty-four parallel I/O lines– Two serial interfaces– Programmable interrupt controller– Clock generator– Two timers– Time base counter– 64K EPROM for program - 32K SRAM for data– 2K EEPROM for calibration, configuration, and permanent data

storage– Mode control switches



Frequency Board– Six 16-bit programmable counter/timers– Stable crystal oscillator for time interval– Flow Meter magnetic pulse amplifier– RS-422/485 drivers and receivers & Switches

Analog Input Board– - 5V power supply & power indicator LED– 16-bit A/D for temperature IC transducer or RTD– 4-channel 8-bit A/D for reflected power, incident power,

ground sense, and current loop receiver– Precision voltage reference



Analog Output Board– Isolated +12V and +24V power supply– 12-bit D/A for current loop transmitter– 4-channel 8-bit D/A for oscillator control signals– Precision voltage reference– Isolated +12V power indicator LED

Display Board– LCD module with 8-bit parallel interface– LCD contrast control (Adjustable Potentiometer)– LCD back lighting control (Adjustable Potentiometer)– Control switch interface– Spare fuse set


Electronics Unit - User Interface

Mode Controlled by 2 Dip Switches on Processor BoardNormal - OFF-OFF– Displays Water-Cut, Temperature, Emulsion Phase, Salinity– Common Menu Items

Supervisor - OFF-ON– Sets up User-defined mode

User-defined - ON-OFF– Displays Water-Cut, Temperature, Emulsion Phase, Salinity– Subset of Normal Menu Items - Down to One Menu Only

Technician - ON-ON– Displays Frequency and Reflected Power– Common and Advanced Menu Items


Mode of Operation Switch 1 Location Switch 2 Location

Normal right right

Supervisor right left

User-defined left right

Technician left left

MicroprocessorBoard

Switch 1Switch 2

Dip Switch for Mode Setting


User Interface (Continued)

Menu Driven - 4 External Pushbuttons– MENU Scrolls Menu Items for Operational Mode– SELECT Moves Cursor to Next Digit– VALUE Increments Digit Above Cursor & Changes Sign– ENTER Stores Changed Value

LCD Display– 4 Line by 20 Alpha/Numeric Character– Displays Water Cut, Temperature, Error Messages


Menu Driven Software

etc.

"20mA = ?%"

"4mA = ?%"

"Alarm Point"

"Cal Factor"

"Normal Menu"

etc..

Enable/Disable"4-20mA Setting"

Enable/DisableAlarm Point

Enable/DisableCal Factor

"Supervisor's Menu"

Many AdditionalMenu Items

All "Normal Menu"Items

"Technician Menu"

Only Menu Items"Enabled"Under the

Supervisor's Menu

"User Menu"

MaIn Menu"HOME"


Measurement SectionMaterials of Construction

Pipe Body– Standard 316L Stainless Steel– Hastelloy, 2205 Duplex and Others Available as Options

Insulators/Seal Plugs– PEEK Material Standard– Viton Standard O-Rings– Optional Ceramic & O-Rings (Good to 150 C)– Optional Fully Brazed & Welded Ceramic (to 350 C)

Temperature Sensor– 316L Stainless Steel RTD


Low Range Analyzer Section


Low Range Analyzer Specifications

0-4%, 0-10%, 0-20% Water Cut Ranges Available.– Accuracy +/-0.04% (0.2% for 0-20% Range)– Reproducibility +/-0.02% (0.1% for 0-20% Range)– Resolution 0.01% (0.1% for 0-20% Unit)

1", 2", 3", and 4" Plus Insertion Available

Multiple Stream Selection (Optional)

– Provides Offset Selection for Multiple Products in the SamePipeline

Remote Stream Selection using 4-20 mA Input (Optional)

Standard Temperature Range is 60 F to 160 F.


Low Range Analyzer Software

Low Water-Cut Software - Calibration Implementation– Take Frequency, Reflected Power & Temperature– Select Appropriate Adjacent Temperature Curves– Calculate Water-Cut at Fluid Temperature– Water-cut = K3 * F^3 + K2 * F^2 + K1 * F + K0 + Cal Factor

• Where: F = Frequency + Index• K0, K1, K2 & K3 are the Polynomial Coefficients• Cal Factor is the Offset Entered by the Operator


Low Range Analyzer Software (Continued)

If Reflected Power is Less Than:– Vthreshold = P1 x F + P0:– Water-Cut Exceeds the Calculated Value

• Error 20 Is Displayed• Water-Cut Displayed is the Maximum Limit of Range

If Calculated Water-Cut is Less than 0.0% Then:– 0.00% Water-Cut is Displayed– Error 11, 12 or 13 Shown on the Display


Low Range Normal Mode

Cal Factor (+/-100%)Alarm Point (0% to Maximum Water Cut Allowed)Time Delay [0 sec default] Prevents Chatter of RelayZero Counters (if Flow input enabled)Alternate Display or Normal Mode Display– Used to Troubleshoot– Water-Cut, Frequency, Ref Power, Temperature

Flow Input– [Disabled]– Pulse Input– 0-20 mA Input– 4-20 mA Input


Low Range Normal Mode (Continued 1)

Flow OPTIONS (Continued)– Unit of Volume - US Barrel, Gallon, Liter, M3

– Pulses per unit volume or maximum flow rate– Volumes Displayed

• Oil and Water• Oil and Total Fluids• Water and Total Fluids

– Flow Rate Time Unit– Rates Only Available Via ModBus


Low Range Normal Mode (Continued 2)

Temp Adjust [0.0 F]– Used to Correct RTD– Do not Change to Equal Another Standard

Analog Output - 4-20 mA is Default– 0 - 20 mA Selectable– 4 mA (or 0 mA) Equals ? [0.00% default]– 20 mA Equals ?


Supervisor Mode

Sets up User-defined mode menu from Normal menu items User-defined Mode Subset of Normal menu items Example:– CAL FACTOR ENABLE/DISABLE– ALARM POINT ENABLE/DISABLE– ZERO COUNTERSENABLE/DISABLE– ETC.

Used ONLY for Definition of the USER DEFINED MODE


Low Range Technician Mode

All Normal Menu Items PLUS The Following

– Reference Current [4 mA (or 0 mA)]

– Modify K-constants - Polynomial Coefficients

• Temperature Curve

– K3, K2, K1, K0

– P0 & P1 Power Threshold Values for Overrange

– Index [0.000 MHz]

– Reset Factory Coefficients

– Comm 0 [Disabled] Factory RS-422/485 Port

– Comm 1 [Disabled] User RS-422/485 Port


Low Range Analyzer Sample Error Messages

Error Cause Action Needed

Frequency Error #1 Frequency is Out of Range Record Frequency and Consult Factory

Temp Comp Error #4 Temperature is out of Range Check for defective temperature Probe. Check TemAdjust value in Menu

EPROM Error #8 Incorrect EEPROM checksum Reset Factory Defaultsreplace microprocessor board

Cal Factor Error #11 Calculated Water Cut is Negative Cal Factor Too Small, Increase Factor

Cal Factor Error #12 W/C<0 and Cal Factor<0 Make Cal Factor greater than Zero

Overrange Error #19 Calculated W/C Greater 4% (10%) Check Cal Factor, Verify Actual Water Content

Overrange Error #20 Reflected Power < ThresholdWater Cut Higher than Maximum Lower P0, Verify Actual Water Cut


Using Net Oil Capability

Menu Provides for: Gallons, Liters, US Barrels, M3

– Input Can Be Selected From :

• Voltage Source Pulses - from Magnetic Pickup Coil level and upto 15VDC - Not a Frequency Input

• Current Source 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA - Must Be Last On the Line Ifin Series With Other Flow Meters

Set Pulses/barrel (Meter Factor)

– Enter more than One Pulse Per Barrel/Liter/Gallon (Should be 100'sor 1000's/Barrel/Liter/Gallon)

If Pulse Input is less than 5 Pulses/Second:

– Error 18 is Displayed - Will Clear Error Automatically

– Count Will be Updated When 5 Pulses is Finally Received


Calibration of a Low Range Analyzer

Calibration Issues

– Sample Point

• Should be Close to the Phase Dynamics Display

• Check Sampling Issues

Method of Comparison

– Is it Compatible with the Measurement?

• Centrifuge 0.28% Reproducibility

• Karl Fisher Titration 0.1% Reproducibility

• Distillation 0.11% Reproducibility

– Changes in Density Affect Accuracy


Low Range Calibration (Continued)

Check for a Display Other Than 0.00% Water Cut

– If Display is 0.00%, Place a Positive Cal Factor Into the Phase Dynamicsto Obtain a Reading

– For Discussion Say +0. 20% Was Entered for Cal Factor

Pull Sample and Note Water Cut Display

Analyze Sample and Determine Difference From Reading

– Say PDI Was 0.1% Water Cut and Karl Fischer Was 0.05%

Titration 0.05%

Phase Dynamics 0.10%

Subtract - 0.05%

Cal Factor + 0.20%

Add + 0.15% = New Cal Factor


Low Range Insertion Analyzer Installation


Full Range Analyzer Section


Full Range Analyzer Specifications

0-100% Water-Cut Range

– Both Water And Oil Emulsion Phases

– Oil Phase Accuracy +/- 0.5%, Reproducibility - Resolution 0.1%

– Water Phase Accuracy +/- 1%, Reproducibility 0.5%- Resolution 0.1%

– Salinity Ranges - Individual Ranges Can Be Requested

• 0.1% to 2.0% Salt

• 0.5% to 8.0% Salt (Standard) 2.0% to 15% Salt

• 15.0% to 28% Salt

Temperature Ranges - Request at Time of Order

– 60 to 160 F– 60 to 220 F (Optional)– 100 to 400 F (Optional)– 100 to 600 F (Optional)


Full Range Analyzer Operation

Water or Oil Continuous Emulsions

– Oil Oscillator Reflected Power and Frequency Are Used toIdentify the Emulsion Phase

– The Appropriate Oscillator Frequency is Selected to CalculateWater Cut

– Oil Oscillator is Made Less Sensitive in Order to Cover theLarge Span of the Oil Emulsion Phase

– The Water Oscillator has Enhanced Sensitivity Required due tothe Water Phase Fluid Conductivity

– Emulsion Phase is Verified at Each Measurement


Full Range Analyzer Normal Menu

Stream [01 to 50]– Selects Well Values

Salinity– Direct Entry of Salt Value

Water Adjust [0.0%]– Adds to Water Phase Value

Oil Adjust [0.0%]– Adds to Oil Phase Value

Alarm Point [100.0%]Time Delay [0 sec]Salinity Calibration– Standard Salinity Calibration

is the Only Valid Option

Salinity Calibration (continued)– Operator Takes Sample of

Water Phase Liquids andEnters Water Cut To ObtainSalinity

– Further Discussion LaterZero Counters– if Flow Input is Enabled Resets

CountersAlternate Display– Allows Switch to VIEW

Technician Mode Values forFrequency & Reflected PowerWithout Entering ElectronicsEnclosure


Full Range Analyzer Normal Menu(Continued)

Flow Input– Disabled– Pulse Input– 0-20 mA Input– 4-20 mA Input– Unit of Volume

• bbl, M3, Liters, Gallons– Pulses per unit volume– Volumes Displayed

• Oil & Water• Oil & Total• Water & Total

Temp Adjust– Do not Adjust To Meet

Another TemperatureStandard

– May be Used to Temporarilyhelp in Solving RTD Problem

Analog Output– 4-20 mA or, 0-20 mA– 4 mA (or 0 mA) Equals ?%– 20 mA Equals ?%

Returns to HOME Menu


Full Range Software Technician Mode

ALL NORMAL MENU ITEMS PLUS:

Water Index [0.000 MHz]

– Offset to Water-Cut in the Water Phase - Should Always be ZERO

Reference Current [4 mA (or 0 mA)] Used to Verify Correct Output

WaterLo - Lower Water Phase Frequency for Power Calculation

WaterHi - High Water Phase Frequency for Power Calculation

Oil_Lo - Lower Freq. Range to Check Power for Phase

Oil_Hi - Upper Frequency Range to Check Power for Phase


Full Range Software Technician Mode(Continued 2)

Oil_P1 - Power Slope Coefficient to Determine Phase

Oil_P0 - Power Intercept Coefficient to Determine Phase

Oil Index [0.000 MHz] - Frequency Offset for Oil Oscillator

– Should Normally be 0.000 MHz

Reset Stream Values - Reset all Operator Set Values to Default

Reset Factory Coefficients - Reset all Coefficients to Factory

View O- constants - View Oil Phase Coefficients

– Temperature Curve - Select Which Temperature to View

• O3 - Frequency Cubic Coefficient

• O2 - Frequency Squared Coefficient

• O1 - Frequency Linear Coefficient

• O0 - Intercept



View W- constants - Water Phase Polynomial Viewing– Salinity Curve - Select Which Salt to View

• Temperature Curve - Select Which Temperature to View– W3 - Frequency Cubic Coefficient– W2 - Frequency Squared Coefficient– W1 - Frequency Linear Coefficient– W0 - Intercept

Comm 0 - Communications Port “0”– This is ONLY for Factory Use

• If Accidentally “Enabled” System will Lock Up– EPROM Must be Removed, System Powered Up/Down– Reinstall EPROM, Power Up, Reset Factory to Recover



Comm 1 - Communications Port “1”– In RS422/RS485 Systems This is Available for Customer Use

• ASCII Code as in Manual• Driver Must be Written By Customer to Use• Enable Port Baud Rates of 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600• Echo is Normally Disabled• Termination is CR for Carriage Return or CR/LF for an

added Line Feed after the CR– If Modbus This is Port for Customer Use


Full Cut Analyzer Calibration

Factory Calibration Starts With Salt Water of Various Salinities then InjectingOil into the Pressurized Fluids

– A Family of Salinity Curves for Various Temperatures are Generated forWater-Cuts from 50% - 100%

– Polynomials are Fit to the Generated Data

The Oil Curve is Generated by Injecting Salt Water Into Oil

Polynomials are Fit to the Oil Curve

Power Level and Frequency Range Thresholds for Oil and Water Phases areSelected

Parameters Are Stored Into the Analyzer's Serial Number EPROM

Operation With The Actual Electronics & EPROM are Used to Verify theSystem Before Shipping a Unit


Full Range Error Messages

Error Cause Action Needed

Frequency Error #1 Frequency is Out of Range Record Frequency and Consult Factory

Temp Comp Error #4 Temperature is out of Range Check for defective temperature Probe. Check TemAdjust value in Menu

EPROM Error #8 Incorrect EEPROM checksum Reset Factory Defaults – replace microprocessorboard

Underrange Error #11 Calculated Water Cut is Negative Verify Correct Values for Oil_Index and Oil Adjust

No Flow Error #18 Zero Flow Rate if no flow no action is requiredCheck wiring

Low Temp Error #26 Temperature out of Range Check RTD and Consult Factory

Phase Error #28 Liquids Not FlowingWater/Oil Separating Out

Unit Cannot Determine Emulsion PhaseCheck for Low Flow Rate & Resolve


Oil Oscillator Phase Logic

010

2030

405060

7080

90100

98.0 103.0 108.0 113.0 118.0 123.0 128.0 133.0 138.0

Oil Oscillator Frequency (MHz)

Wat

er C

ut (%

)

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

2.5

2.7

Ref

lect

ed P

ower

(Vol

ts)

Oil Emulsion (% Water)

Water Emulsion 11%, 1.5% & 0.1% Salt (% Water )

Oil Emulsion (Vref)

Water Emulsion (Vref)


Oil Oscillator Power Logic

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

96.0 106.0 116.0 126.0 136.0

Oil Oscillator Frequency (MHz)

Ref

lect

ed P

ower

"V

ref"

(vol

ts)

Oil Phase Power

Water Emulsions0.1%, 1.5% & 11% Salt

Threshold P1* Freq + P0


Full Range Insertion Installation


Full Range Analyzer Measurement Issues

Obtain a Good Sample– Oil Continuous Emulsions - Follow Write Up on Low Range Analyzer– Water Continuous Emulsions - A Real Challenge Due to Emulsions

Separating Much EasierWater Cut Changes Rapidly at Higher Water Cuts– Make Certain That Phase Dynamics Display Can be Seen When Pulling

A Sample– Try to Pull A Sample When The Analyzer is Showing A Steady Water Cut

ONLY Water Continuous Emulsions Require the Correct Salinity Entry to BeAccurate


Full Range Measurement Issues Continued

Analyzer Should Not be The Highest or Lowest Point in the Piping– Would Collect Gas or Water– Low Flow Rates Would Slug Water or Oil

Analyzer Should be In the Same Plane and Lateral to the Rest ofthe Piping– What Goes in Will Come Out– No Hold Up of Gas, Oil or Water

Static Mixer in Front of Analyzer will Aid in Obtaining aHomogeneous Mix and Extraction of a Sample


Salinity Issues

Analyzers Calibrated As:

– Percent by Weight Salts

• Independent of Temperature

• Laboratory Gives Total Dissolved Solids (or Salts) TDS asa Parameter

– Weight Percent Can Be Entered or Determined by Unit

Actual Calibration is to Compensate for Electrical Conductivity

– Temperature Dependent

– RF/Microwave (AC) Conductivity is Not the Same as DC

– Use NaCl (Table Salt) as Standard

– Other Salts Specie have Different Conductivity


Standard Salinity Calibration

Standard Salt Calibration Back Calculates The Salt from the AverageFrequency During The Sampling Period– Provides Best Salinity for Most Accurate Water Cut– Calculated Value Should Be Within 10% of a Laboratory or

Refractometer Value for Salt - Usually Calculated Value is LessEXAMPLE of Procedure - Go To Salinity Calibration Menu:– Operator Begins Sample and Presses ENTER– Operator End Sample and Presses ENTER– Operator Determines Water Cut and Enters Value


Salinity Calibration (Continued)

PDI Unit Calculates Equivalent Salt from Average FrequencyDuring Sample and the Entered Water Cut– Operator can Accept or Reject Salt Value

If Liquids Switch to Oil Continuous - Unit Displays Error andReturns “Home”A Salt Calibration Cannot Be Performed When Liquids are OilPhase - Enter an Approximate Salt value Instead


Standard Salinity Calibration

5% Salt 0.3 % Salt3% Salt

1% SaltCalculated Salinity = 2%

Average Frequency During Sample

Water CutDuring Sample


Use Of Offsets

Oil Adjust Used in Oil Continuous Phase for Correction of theDensity of the Oil– A Change of 0.01 gm/cc Changes W/C by 0.3%– A Change of 1 Deg API Gravity Changes W/C by 0.16 %

Water Adjust - Included to be “Global” - Should = 0.00%– It is NOT Used as a "Fudge Factor"– Water Adjust is Never Used to Correct for W/C's– If W/C is not Correct in the Water Phase, The Salinity is Not Correct– In Certain Circumstances - Water Adjust has Been Used to Correct for

Gas Effects - Not Recommended!

Documents

Technical Training Sections - spartancontrols.com/media/resources/phase dynamics/g... · LCD Display Issues ... – Software compatible with 8086/8088 ... Remote Stream Selection