Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Presented By: Dixit Wadhwani B.TECH 3rd YEAR, CSE 07CS000031
Sir Padampat Singnania University
Technical Seminaron
Wireless Markup Language
Guided By: Mr. Ajay Prasad Assistant Professor ,
CSE Dept.
Agenda:• WML.• Why use WML ?• WAP.• WML basics• Conclusion• Q & A
What is WML? WML stands for Wireless Mark-up Language and was created in 1998. Before that, there was no standard used specifically for mobile devices.•The language used for WAP•Similar to HTML•Subset of a XML
• describes only intent of interaction in an abstract manner
• presentation depends upon device capabilities•Current version is WML 2.0
Why use WML when you can use HTML?• When we have one that works for the Web already
(HTML)• Why we need WML ?• Internet as it is now, is not well suited to mobile phone.
1)Is complex.2)Takes up too much bandwidth.
mobile telephones has a very limited bandwidth
• WML has many optimizations for mobile browsers aimed at better usability, low memory consumption, little CPU requirements for the rendering engine. All these elements make it the optimal solution for a mobile device, from a very technical point of view.
What is W@P?• Wireless Application Protocol• WAP Micro Browsers
• Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display• Equivalent to Existing Web Browsers• Allows
• Text• Images• Hyperlinks• Text Entry
W@P Services & Features
FeaturesServices
How Does W@P work?
Mobile phone
Communication Tower
WAP Gateway
Web Server
Internet request
WAP response
URL request
HTTP request
HTTP response(WML)
WAP Architecture
Client(WAP device)
WAP Gateway Web Server
WAP user
agent
EncoderAnd
Decoder
Protocol Adapter
CGI ScriptsEtc.
ContentHTTPISP
W@P GATEWAY
• The WAP Gateway acts as the bridge between the mobile network, containing mobile clients, and the computer network containing application servers .
• Decoder: It translates requests from the WAP request to the HTTP request.
• Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML• Adaptor: provides additional information through HTTP header
• Translate requests HTTP and WSP.• Convert between SSL and WTLS• Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)
Why is HTML not enough?Big pipe - small pipe syndrome
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>NNN Interactive</TITLE><META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="1800, URL=/index.html"></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" BACKGROUND="/images/9607/bgbar5.gif" LINK="#0A3990" ALINK="#FF0000" VLINK="#FF0000" TEXT="000000" ONLOAD="if(parent.frames.length!=0)top.location='http://nnn.com';"> <A NAME="#top"></A><TABLE WIDTH=599 BORDER="0"><TR ALIGN=LEFT><TD WIDTH=117 VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>NNN Interactive</TITLE><META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="1800, URL=/index.html">
Internet
<WML><CARD><DO TYPE="ACCEPT"><GO URL="/submit?Name=$N"/></DO>Enter name:<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" KEY="N"/></CARD></WML>
010011010011110110010011011011011101010010011010
Content encoding
HTTP/HTML WML
WML as compared with HTML
WML HTML
Markup language for wireless communication
Markup language for wired communication
Makes use of variables Does not use variables
WML Script stored in a separate file
JavaScript is embedded in the same HTML file
Image stored as WBMP Images are stored as GIF, JPEG or PNG
WBMP is a 2 bit image Size of the images are much larger in HTML
Case sensitive Not case sensitive
WML has fewer tags than HTML
HTML has more tags than WML
A set of ‘WML Cards’ make a ‘DECK’
A set of ‘HTML pages’ make a ‘SITE’
WML and HTML
HTML Code
<html> <title> About us
</title> <body> <br> Hello world </body> </html>
WML Code
<wml> <card title="AboutUs"> <p align="center" > Hello world<br/> </p> <p align="center" > </p> </card> </wml>
Decks and Cards<card id=“card1” title=“DIXIT">……………………………..<p>hello world</p>……………..……………..</card>
<card id=“card2” title=“DIXIT">……………………………..<p>hello world</p>……………..……………..</card>
<card id=“card3” title=“DIXIT">……………………………..<p>hello world</p>……………..……………..</card>
Basic WML deck structure
<wml>
</wml>
<card id=“card1”>….</card>
<card id=“card2”>….</card>
<?xml version=“1.0”?><!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN”“http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml”>
Document Prolog
Start <wml> tag
card
Another card
End <wml> tag
Introduction to Tags• Each element or tag has start tag and end tag
• <tag>content</tag>• Some tags do not have start and end tag
• <tag />• Some tags have attributes
• <tag attribute=“value”>• Spaces, tabs, line breaks between tags are
ignored
<wml>• <wml> tag is required for all files.• All cards are located between the <wml> tags.
<card>• <wml> deck has at least one card• Content is placed
<card>…..</card> tag.• Syntax:
<card id=“card1”>content</card>• Id:
• id is used when you link this card to another card• Content will contains the text, markups, etc.
Basic features of WML• Text and images• User interaction• Navigation• Context management
Text Formatting• <p></p> Content of cards• <em> Render with emphasis.• <strong> Render with strong emphasis.• <i> Render with an italic font.• <b> Render with a bold font.• <u> Render with underline.• <big> Render with a large font.• <small> Render with a small font.
Graphics and WML• Most micro browsers support only .wbmp
graphic files.• .wbmp
• Wireless bitmaps• Black & white
• There are tools to convert various graphic format to .wbmp
before after
User interaction
• WML supports different elements for user input.• Examples are:
• Text entry control• Input tag syntax: <input />
• Option selection <select>
<option></option></select>
Navigation• Links a text or image to another card or another
deck.• <anchor>link</anchor>• <a>link</a>
Syntax:<anchor title="label">task text</anchor><a href="url" title="label">...any valid combination of <text>, <br/> and <img> elements</a>
Events• Something that happens at a given place and time.• WML supports events and it provides a tag pair,
<onevent></onevent>, for handling events. You can specify an action to be taken whenever an event occurs. Two events are supported in WML.
• ontimer -- This event occurs when a timer expires.• onpick -- This event occurs when an item of a selection list is
selected or deselected.
<onevent type="event_type"> A single task to be done whenever the event occurs</onevent>
Tasks
• A task specifies what action to perform when an event occurs.
• There are 4 types of tasks in WML.• Go task• Prev task• Noop task• Refresh task
Syntax:<onevent type="event_type"> A single task to be done whenever the event occurs</onevent>
Context management
• WML allows for saving the state between different decks without server interaction.
• Switch from one card to another card.• Set a variable value using setvar command.
<setvar name=“x” value=100>• Variable through an input element.
Example of WML
Conclusion & Future Of WML
• The primary focus of WAP technology is to create a global wireless Internet by bringing services offered by Internet to mobile phone users.
• It is certain that one of the most common application of the WML will be m-commerce.
• As mobile devices become more powerful, and can process more data.
• Much greater support for XHTML on mobile devices.• There are security protocols, such as WTLS, that can facilitate
secure transactions.
References and Resources
• Books• Learning wml , wmlscript- O-reilly Publisher• WML References – Openwave System Inco.
• Official Website (specifications)• http://www.wapforum.org• http://www.w3schools.com/wap/default.asp• http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/• http://www.developershome.com/wap/wml/
wml_tutorial.asp?• http://devguru.com
Questions ?
