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Technical Search Specialist Course

Module 5 Unit 2: Global Positioning System (GPS)

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Terminal Objective

Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to Operate the Garmin GPSMAP 60 Csx

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Enabling Objectives

• Describe the basic segments and principles of the global positioning satellite (GPS) system

• Explain waypoints • Identify and describe the errors, concerns and

considerations related to GPS• Demonstrate the use of the Garmin GPSMAP 60 Csx

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II. Introduction to GPS

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The Global Positioning System (GPS)

• A worldwide radio navigation system– A constellation of 24 orbital

satellites

– Funded by DoD

– Originally made for military to launch submarine based missiles more accurately

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Four Primary Functions of GPS

GPS provides:• Position and coordinates• The distance and direction between any two

waypoints, or a position and a waypoint• Travel progress reports• Accurate time measurement

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So why do you need GPS?

During a mission you

• Need to know where you are

• Need to know where are you going

• Need to find your way back

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GPS Segments

• Satellite segment

• Control segment

• User segment

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Control Segment

Space Segment

User Segment

Monitor Stations

GroundAntennas

Master Station

Satellite Segment

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GPS Monitor Stations

• Hawaii

• Ascension Island

• Diego Garcia

• Kwajalein

• Colorado Springs

Kwajalein Atoll

US Space Command

Hawaii

Ascension Island

Diego Garcia

Cape Canaveral

Ground AntennaMaster Control Station Monitor Station

GPS Monitor Stations

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User Segment

• Military• Civilian

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III. GPS Cautions and Considerations

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Cautions/Considerations

• Satellite geometry• Overhead view clear

– Tall buildings– Satellite dishes– Microwaves– Heavy trees/environmental

• Multipath• Atmospheric effects

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Errors Using GPS

• Problems at the satellite – Atomic clocks

– “Ephemeris” errors

• Intentional Errors – "Selective Availability"

– Military receivers use a decryption key to remove the SA errors

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Errors Using GPS (continued)

• On May 1, 2000 Selective Availability was turned off– However,can be turned on at any time by

government

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Gotcha’s Using GPS

• Common Map Datums• GPS Almanac Updates

– Control segment orbital corrections need to be downloaded

• Moving the GPS while turned off– If moved more than 300 miles need to either

• Re-Initialize• Allow unit time to self-update (can take up to 20 minutes)

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Gotcha’s Using GPS (continued)

• Parallel versus Single Channel Receivers– Single Channel receive data one satellite at a time

• Loss of satellite signal - unit must re-acquire satellite lock

– Parallel Channel receivers can receive from multiple satellites simultaneously

• Loss of signal from any one or two satellites will not cause a loss of satellite lock

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Gotcha’s Using GPS (continued)

• Not allowing enough time for triangulation

• No standard unit for US&R teams

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Conclusions

Remember …• GPS is not a compass• GPS tells you the direction you are moving• Carry extra batteries• Water resistant is better• Antenna considerations

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• Understand GPS unit controls.

• Describe GPS unit pages.

• Clear out track logs, routes, & waypoints.

• Set up a GPS unit.

• Make a track log, create waypoints, & project waypoints.

• Navigate to waypoints, addresses, & points of interest using the Find function.

• Use the Track Back feature.

• Create a route.

Enabling Objectives

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GPS V 60C 60Cx/60CSx Rino 530

Waypoints 50010 Proximity

10 Closest

1,00010 Proximity

10 Closest

1,00010 Proximity

10 Closest

500

Track 200010 Saved

10,00020 Saved / 250 Each

10,00020 Saved / 500 Each

10,00020 Saved / 250 Each

Routes 2050 pts each

50250 pts each

50250 pts each

50250 pts each

Acquisition

Times

Warm: 15 s

Cold: 45 s

Locate: 5 m

Warm: 15 s

Cold: 45 s

Locate: 5 m

Warm: 1 s

Cold: 38 s

Locate: 45 s

Warm: 15 s

Cold: 45 s

Locate: 5 m

Memory 19MBFIXED

56MBFIXED

64MBEXPANDABLE

56MBFIXED

Garmin GPSMAP 60Cx Features

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The GPSMAP Key Layout

POWER Key

IN/OUT Zoom Keys

FIND/MOB Key

MARK Key

QUIT Key

ROCKER Key

PAGE/COMPASS Key

MENU Key

ENTR Key

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Two AA batteries, USB cable, 12v DC adapter

Battery Life: 18 hoursAlkaline batteries lose capacity in

low tempsLithium batteries in below freezing

temperaturesExtensive use of backlighting,

electronic compass, and audible tones significantly reduce battery life

Memory Card Location

Battery Compartment

Power Considerations

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Power On the GPS

Press and hold the Power keyTitle screen appearsSatellite status page

Title Screen Satellite Status

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Satellite Status Page

Horizon

45º from the horizon Heading bug –

travel direction

Satellite signal strength

Searching / Acquiring

2D Fix (3 Satellites)

3D Fix (4+ Satellites)

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Main Pages

Cycle through pages using PAGE or QUIT

Satellite Trip Map Compass Altimeter (CSx Model)

Main Menu

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Main Menu

Press MENU button twice for Main Menu

2 X

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Main Menu

GPSmap 60CS GPSmap 60CSx

Searching / Acquiring

2D Fix (3 Satellites)

3D Fix (4+ Satellites)

Battery Power / Level

Auxiliary Power

Backlight Usage

USB Cable Connection

Electronic Compass On

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Adjusting Screen Settings

To minimize battery drain, limit or turn off backlight:Press and quickly release the

POWER buttonPress up on ROCKER to

increase, down to decrease

Press ENTER or QUIT to close Backlight adjustment window

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System Setup Pages

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System Setup Page

Press MENU twice for Main Menu, select SETUP and press ENTER

Important Setup Pages:SystemDisplayTimeUnitsHeadingCalibration

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SETUP: System

GPSNormal - for everyday useDemo - for indoor training

WAASEnabled

Battery TypeAlkalineNiMH

Proximity AlarmsOn

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SETUP: Display

Display ModeAuto – Switch between Day and Night

modes at sunrise and sunset.Backlight Timeout

On continuous or timed. Setting ignored if external power is used.

Backlight LevelBacklight setting will increase or

decrease battery life

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SETUP: Time

Time FormatSet to 24 hour format

Time ZoneTime zone for the area of operations

UTC OffsetChanges with Time Zone

Daylight Savings TimeSet to Auto

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SETUP: Units

Position FormatUSNG – United States National Grid

(DHS Standard)MGRS – Military Grid Reference

Systemhdddºmm.mmm’

Map DatumWGS 84NAD27 CONUS – USGS Maps

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SETUP: Heading

North Reference – Specifies the type or north reference used to calculate your headingSet to ‘True’

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Tracks

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Track Log

Creates an electronic ‘breadcrumb’ trail or track log while you travel

Each point in the track contains information on time, location, elevation and depth

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Track Log

To Access Track Logs:MENU button twice for the Main Menu screenSelect TRACKS and press Enter

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Track Log

On/Off toggle

Percentage of memory used

List of saved Tracks

Remaining available logs

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Track Log : Clearing

To clear the track log:Highlight Clear and press EnterConfirmation message appears – Press Yes

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Track Log : Set Up

To set up a track log:Highlight Setup and press Enter to open the Track Log Set Up

Page

Data Card Option

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Track Log : TracBack

To use the TracBack feature:With Saved Tracks Page for the track or the

Track Log open, highlight TracBack and press Enter

Once the map is displayed, use the Rocker to move the pointer to a point on the map and press Enter

Select Follow Road or Follow TrackFollow the direction arrowTo exit, press Menu then Stop Navigation

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Waypoints

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Waypoints

Waypoints are locations you record and store in your GPS

Waypoints created in 3 ways:Press the MARK key while at a locationCreate a waypoint on the map pageEnter the coordinates for a waypoint

manually

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Waypoints: Circle of Error

X

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Waypoints: Available Map Symbols

GPSmap 60C Display

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Waypoints: Common Abbreviations

• PX- Picture (note direction of photo)

• HAZ- Hazards• H-1- Helispot 1• Hosp- Hospital• Str- Structure• Sz- Safety Zone• POA- Point of

Arrival

POD- Point of DepartureBoO- Base of OperationsFwd BOO- Forward Base of operationsStg- StagingUtl- Utilities Apt- ApartmentAir- Airport

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Waypoints: Mark Current LocationTo mark your current location:

Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page appears

To accept the waypoint with the default information highlight OK and press Enter

Icon Waypoint Name

CoordinateNotes

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Waypoints: Using The Map Page

To mark a location on the map page:On the map page, use the Rocker to move the arrow to the

location to mark as a waypointPress and quickly release the Enter key to capture the location

and open the information pageHighlight OK and press Enter to save

Map Pointer Mode

Original Location

New Location

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Waypoints: Entering CoordinatesTo mark a location with known coordinates:

Press and hold the MARK key until the Mark Waypoint page appears

Use the ROCKER to highlight the Location field. Edit the coordinate with your known coordinate.

Highlight OK and press Enter to save

On-screen Keypad

Edit The Coordinate

Change Letters

Navigate Left / Right

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Waypoints: Entering CoordinatesEnter the following known coordinate:

14S QB 12076 29862Label waypoint as:

HAZARD

On-screen Keypad

Edit The Coordinate

Change Letters

Navigate Left / Right

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• Useful for creating ‘no-go’ zones for personnel– HAZMAT– Bio-Chem Areas– Safety Officer Designated Areas

• Proximity waypoints are also supported with the beep alarm

Waypoints: Proximity Alarm

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Waypoints: Proximity AlarmTo define an alarm circle around a waypoint:

From the Main Menu select Proximity, press EnterHighlight an empty line and press EnterSelect a waypoint from the list and EnterHighlight Use and press EnterUse the Rocker to adjust the proximity radius

Turn Alarm On / Off

Empty Line

Proximity Radius

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Waypoints: Proximity AlarmCreate a Proximity Alarm:

Select the HAZARD waypoint and assign it as a proximity alarm

Turn Alarm On / Off

Empty Line

Proximity Radius

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Waypoints: Averaging LocationTo average a new waypoint over time to produce a more

accurate location:From the Waypoint Page, press MenuSelect Average Location and press EnterPress Save when accuracy measurement stops

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Waypoints: ProjectingCreate a new waypoint by projecting the distance and

bearing from current location to a new location. To use:Sight ‘N Go to lock direction and press ENTERHighlight Project Waypoint and press ENTEREnter distance, highlight Go To and press ENTER

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Compass

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Compass: Compass NavigationDuring active navigation, the Compass Page guides you to

your destination with a graphic compass display

The Compass ring moves to indicate North orientation

Bearing pointer

Compass Page

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Compass: Bearing vs. CourseYou can choose the Bearing Pointer or Course Pointer for

guidanceToggle from Bearing/Course in the Compass Options Menu

The course pointer indicates your course of travel and the distance you drift off course

Course Pointer Bearing Pointer

The bearing pointer

indicates the direction to

your destination

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Compass: Bearing vs. CourseThe bearing pointer always indicates the direction to your

destination from your current location

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Compass: Bearing vs. CourseThe course pointer indicates your course of travel from your

original location and the distance off course

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Routes

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RoutesRoute navigation allows you to create a sequence of

intermediate waypoints that lead to your final destination

The GPSmap 60Cx allows 50 routes with up to 250 points each

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Routes: Creating A RouteTo create a route:

From the Main Menu, select Routes, press Enter

Highlight the New button and press EnterHighlight <Select Next Point> and press

EnterSelect a waypoint, city, exit and select UseRepeat to complete the routeHighlight Navigate and press Enter

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Planning a Navigation Route

StartStart= Waypoints= Waypoints

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Yellow stars: where you want to go.

Green stars: where the GPS receiver may take you.

Blue circles: the potential circle of GPS error at each waypoint.

How A Receiver “Sees” Your Route

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Trip Page

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Resetting the Trip Info PageTo reset the Trip Information Page:

Press PAGE or QUIT to display the Trip pagePress MENU button onceHighlight Reset… and press ENTER

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Find Functions

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Find

Waypoint Options

Cities Options

Use the FIND function to search for waypoints, cities, exits, or saved geocache points

Additional options with loaded BlueChart and MapSource data.

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Find: Saved WaypointsTo find a waypoint:

From the Find Menu, highlight Waypoints and press ENTERUse the ROCKER to select a waypoint and press ENTER

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Find: CitiesTo find a city:

From the Find Menu, highlight Cities and press ENTER. A list of cities near your current location are displayed.

Select a city and press ENTER. If the city is not listed, press MENU for additional search options.

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Find: Interstate Exit InformationTo find an interstate exit:

From the Find Menu, highlight Exits and press ENTER. A list of exits near your current location are displayed.

Select an exit and press ENTER.Exit information, services, direction to service

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Find: Street AddressTo find an address:

From the Find Menu, highlight Addresses and press ENTER. Enter the address information until the address is displayed in

the Matches section.

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Find: IntersectionTo find an intersection:

From the Find Menu, highlight Intersect… and press ENTER. Enter the street names until the intersections are displayed in

the Matches section.

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Find: Point Of InterestTo find an intersection:

From the Find Menu, highlight All POI and press ENTER. POI near your location are displayed.

Narrow the search by pressing MENU or select the POI and press ENTER

Options Menu

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ConclusionsCarry extra batteriesMinimize user error and increase accuracy by keeping

GPS away from bodyAlways carry a paper map as a backupUnless otherwise directed, DHS standard:

DATUM: WGS 84FORMAT: USNG or MGRS

Match the map datum to the GPS datum

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V. Practical Exercise

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VI. Module Summary and Evaluation

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Enabling Objectives

• Describe the basic segments and principles of the global positioning satellite (GPS) system

• Explain waypoints • Identify and describe the errors, concerns and

considerations related to GPS• Demonstrate the use of the Garmin GPS V

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Questions?