REPUBLIC OF VANUATU

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

EDF PROJECT # 9.ACP.VA.02 – PWD MAINTENANCE TRAINING PROJECT

Inception report – December 2006

21, rue GlesenerL-1631 Luxembourgwww.luxconsult.lu

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0 Table of content0 Table of content .....................................................................................................................................2

0.1 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................30.2 Map ................................................................................................................................................4

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................42 Rationale ................................................................................................................................................5

2.1 Roads in Vanuatu ..........................................................................................................................52.2 MCC MCA .....................................................................................................................................6

3 PWD maintenance training project .......................................................................................................73.1 Financing agreement. .....................................................................................................................7

3.1.1 Financing agreement summary ............................................................................................73.2 Global work plan introduction ......................................................................................................8

4 Logical Framework - Revised in June 2005 .........................................................................................95 Budget balance November 2006 .........................................................................................................116 Heavy equipment .................................................................................................................................11

6.1 Supplies by CIPAC .....................................................................................................................116.2 Supplies by JOHS .......................................................................................................................116.3 Laboratory supplies .....................................................................................................................126.4 Others suppliers : .........................................................................................................................12

7 Training contract ..................................................................................................................................138 Annual programs and cost estimates ...................................................................................................14

8.1 Programme Estimate 1 ................................................................................................................148.2 Programme Estimate 2 ................................................................................................................148.3 Programme Estimate 3 ................................................................................................................15

8.3.1 Cost estimate ........................................................................................................................158.3.2 Activities ..............................................................................................................................15

9 Technical Assistance ............................................................................................................................169.1 At PWD main office Port Vila ...................................................................................................169.2 VSO volunteers. ...........................................................................................................................16

10 Site visit to Malekula .........................................................................................................................1611 Site visit to Tanna ..............................................................................................................................1712 Findings .............................................................................................................................................17

12.1 Purchase of heavy equipment .. .................................................................................................1712.2 Maintenance issues ....................................................................................................................1812.3 Network .....................................................................................................................................19

13 Proposals ............................................................................................................................................1913.1 Setting up routine maintenance at division level .....................................................................1913.2 Training ......................................................................................................................................20

14 MIPU & PWD institutions ................................................................................................................2014.1 Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities MIPU .............................................................2014.2 PWD ...........................................................................................................................................21

14.2.1 Roles and responsibilities ..................................................................................................2115 Current states of indicators ................................................................................................................21

15.1 Travel times to key facilities reduced. ......................................................................................2115.2 Improved year round access to key facilities. ..........................................................................2215.3 Complaints register ...................................................................................................................2215.4 Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for roads ...............................................2215.5 Annual Work program and Budget for PWD ...........................................................................2215.6 Maintenance schedules for all equipment .................................................................................22

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15.7 Road condition survey ..............................................................................................................2215.8 Road inventory ..........................................................................................................................2215.9 Road classification .....................................................................................................................2215.10 Emergency system ..................................................................................................................2315.11 Traffic count results .................................................................................................................23

16 Annexes ..............................................................................................................................................2416.1 Annex : road maintenance definitions and practices ..............................................................24

16.1.1 Common definition ............................................................................................................2416.1.2 Defining road maintenance ...............................................................................................2516.1.3 Funding of Road Maintenance .........................................................................................26

16.2 Annex : list of all PWD equipment with condition (May 2006) ..............................................2716.3 Annex : Bibliography ................................................................................................................31

16.3.1 in English ...........................................................................................................................3116.3.2 in French: ...........................................................................................................................32

0.1 Abbreviations

EC European Commission

EDF European Development Fund

EU European Union

GPS Global Positioning System

HDM Highway Design Manual

IRI International Roughness Index

LFM Logical Framework Matrix

MCA Millenium Challenge Account

MCC Millenium Challenge Corporation

NAO National Authorising Officer

PE Programme Estimate

PMU Project Management Unit

POPACA Projet d’Organisation des Producers Agricoles

PWD Public Works Department

QA Quality Assurance

REDI Rural Development Initiative

TA Technical Assistant

TAG Technical Advisory Group

TOR Terms of Reference

TYPSA Technica Y Proyectos S.A.

VA Vanuatu

VOC Vehicle Operating Costs

VSO Volunteer Services Overseas

Table 1: Abbreviations

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0.2 Map

1 IntroductionThe project aims at building the capacity of the Public Works Department, especially in two of the main outer islands (Malekula and Tanna), to maintain properly transport infrastructure. It comprises the provision of equipment, training, and demonstration works.

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2 Rationale

2.1 Roads in Vanuatu 1

Roads are the primary and preferred mode of transport to access basic facilities (including health and education), and for providing transport routes to markets for cash crops and small rural enterprises.

Figures provided by the department of Public works would suggest that the road network underwent little growth during period 1989 - 1997. Nonetheless, the road network did increase as several donor funded road projects have been undertaken during the period. Some roads have been built without any adequate study of the likely benefits or without any economic justification. In 2006, the network may be classified in three categories : national, provincial and municipal roads.

According to PWD report dated March 2006, the total network length is about 2024 Km but the same report also draws the attention to a few discrepancies between different sources of information.

Province National Provincial Municipal Total

Shefa 324 22 0 364

Sanma 486 130 2.6 618

Malampa 347 46 0 393

Tafea 205 6.8 0 212

Penama 361 51 0 412

Torba 42 0 0 42

Total 1766 255 2.6 2024

Table 2: Total length of roads in each province, by category. Unit = Km

Figures shown above are from a GPS survey conducted by PWD in 2002, mainly on national network. Not all the provincial and municipal roads were surveyed.

Maintenance of the road network remains at a very low level. The Public Works Department (PWD) established a project management unit that is responsible for project development, and also handles maintenance of the national road network. This appears to have collapsed since the loss of key personnel and the removal of expatriate technical assistance. In the last year the provision for road maintenance was underspent in the national budget by 170 mvt12. It appears that whilst in previous years availability of funds for maintenance had been blamed for the poor state of road repairs a more fundamental problem exists in the capacity to undertake this work.

Constraints

Roads continue to be constructed, yet there is still no up-to-date list of the road assets of the country (1997 data similar to 1989 data). The updating of this inventory along with an assessment of the rehabilitation or on going maintenance requirements is a priority in the development of a Master plan.

Adequate maintenance is also constrained by the uncertainty over who is responsible for road maintenance. While major roads in both urban and rural areas are considered to be under the domain of the PWD (and thus maintained by them), secondary and feeder roads are thought to be the responsibility of Provinces and Municipalities. A clear declaration needs to be made as to who is responsible for which road, or section of road.

The Road Act is under preparation to remedy this shortcoming. At least, criteria for classification have

1 Text in italic inspired from " 2001 Vanuatu Infrastructure Masterplan - 02/2002"

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been formulated:

classification Definition Administrator

National Road which form a link in the national arterial network and falls under the following :- road which traverse the national land or goes around it and links the national capital or provincial capital with other important villages- roads which links an international port , national port, international airfield, national airfield or places of national interest to another national road- roads which links a place requiring development from stand point of the national development ar land-use plans.

PWD

provincial Roads which forms the local arterial network and falls under the following:- road which links two or more villages to reach a national road- roads which links a village with another village, local port or another place of interest

Provincial Government

municipal roads within the jurisdiction of a municipality Municipal council

Table 3: Criteria used for classification of roads – source PWD reports

A coding system has also been proposed to identify road sections.

An additional constraint to maintenance is the small size and remoteness of most road systems in the islands. This means that transporting maintenance equipment is expensive and time consuming. Private contractors are also reluctant to maintain remote roads.

This applies in particular for equipment based maintenance but labour based maintenance techniques could be introduced.

And maintenance has to be defined !

2.2 MCC MCA

Vanuatu’s MCA Program consists of two principal components: (i) civil works for the reconstruction of priority transport infrastructure on eight islands, including roads, wharfs, airstrips, and warehouses (the “Transport Infrastructure Project”); and (ii) institutional strengthening efforts in Vanuatu’s Public Works Department (“PWD”), including the provision of plant and equipment for maintenance, in order to facilitate enhanced sustainability and maintenance of infrastructure assets (the “Institutional Strengthening Project”). Technical, economic, environmental, and social assessments were completed on each of the eleven civil works subprojects and institutional strengthening components contained in the MCA Program.

The following eleven sub-projects are included as part of the US $54.47 million Transport Infrastructure Project:

1. Efate island – Upgrade 90km of the Ring Road;

2. Santo island – Upgrade 70km of the East Coast Road from Luganville to Port Orly

3. Santo island – Upgrade South Coast Road Bridges (5);

4. Malekula island – Reconstruct 11km of the Norsup Lakatoro Lits Lits Road;

5. Malekula island – Upgrade South West Bay Airstrip;

6. Pentecost island – Construct the Loltong Wharf and Upgrade of North-South Road to Wharf;

7. Tanna island – Reconstruct the Whitesands Road;

8. Epi island – Upgrade Lamen Bay Wharf;

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9. Ambae island – Reconstruct Creek Crossings on 50km Road section;

10. Malo island – Upgrade 15km of Roads; and

11. Warehouses (for produce and freight storage):

● (i) Ambae island (Lolowai)

● (ii) Epi island (Lamen Bay)

● (iii) Pentecost island (Loltong)

● (iv) Malo island (Nunuka)

● (v) Malekula island (South West Bay)

Recognizing the importance of the maintenance of transport infrastructure in meeting program objectives, the Vanuatu Compact will provide focused assistance of US $ 6.22 million to the principal institution in the Transport Infrastructure Project, namely PWD, to remove key constraints that face the institution in effectively delivering maintenance and repair services. The MCA Program also provides support for the sustainability and viability of the institution through organizational reform and policy changes.

3 PWD maintenance training project

Reference documents Date Period

Financial Agreement 9031/VA 5/11/2003

Global Work plan 2004 - 2006 31/12/2003 2004 - 2006

Project estimate 1 01/01/04 – 30/6/0501/07/05 - 31/12/05

Project estimate 2 20/01/2006 01/01/06 - 31/12/06

Project estimate 3 07/07/2006 01/01/07 - 31/12/07

Progress report 1 01/01/2004 - 30/09/2005

Progress report 2 01/07/2006 - 30/09/2006

Table 4: project reference documents

3.1 Financing agreement.

Financing Agreement 9031/VA states that deadline for contracts and programme estimates shall be signed by 22 September 2006 at latest. Period of execution ends at 31st December 2009, end of operational implementation phase being 31st December 2007.

Agreement came in force on the 5th November 2003, when signed by the Hon. Vice Prime Minister of Vanuatu.

3.1.1 Financing agreement summary

The Government of Vanuatu launched in 2002 the Producers Organisation Project (POP2) on order to increase their cash income through associative activities and promote self-funding mechanisms and empowerment of producer's organisations.

The Asian Development Bank is in the process of appraising the funding of the Outer Islands

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Infrastructure Development Project (OIIDP) under which essential transport infrastructure will be rehabilitated or upgraded.

Rural Economic Development Initiative (REDI) projects were initiated in the provinces of Malampa and Tafea to promote economic growth within the framework of the Comprehensive reform Program. For the POP project and the RED§I programmes, transportation is a major constraint to their implementation and operation. The proposed project will also complement OIIDP and improve the PWD capacity to properly maintain the transport infrastructure

Overall objective : "Improved rural economy and life by ensuring that basic transportation facilities are kept operational, thus providing access to essential services, and facilitating shipment of agricultural products."

Project purpose : "Improved access to markets and shipping services, and to social services delivery points"

Results:

– improved capacity of PWD to maintain land transportation facilities

– PWD's maintenance units strengthened two provinces (Malampa and Tafea) through the supply of essential equipment, training and demonstration works.

Cost estimate :

Procurement of equipment € 1 050 000

Trainings and other technical assistance

€ 520 000

Demonstration works € 380 000

Audit € 15 000

Evaluation € 30 000

Total € 1 995 000

3.2 Global work plan introduction

Land transport has been identified as an issue in Vanuatu. The rural road network is generally in bad condition due to lack of maintenance. This situation is a major constraint to economic development actions such as the rural Development Initiative (REDI) or the Small Holders Owned Associative Trading Project (POP2).

PWD's capacity to maintain the road network is very limited for several reasons:

– most of the equipment is old and very expensive if not impossible to repair

– maintenance operators have limited technical skill

– operations are not properly managed

– funding is insufficient

If PWD is to continue to ensure road maintenance, it is highly desirable to implement training programmes to improve service delivery. All donors (ADB, JICA and AUSAID) have agreed on this point. It is also necessary to address the equipment issue and set up as soon as possible a fleet renewal program.

The PWD Maintenance Training Project will substantially increase the technical and management capacity of maintenance staff in the provinces of Malampa and Tafea. As a consequence, rural road

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conditions in these areas will be improved thus allowing the beneficiaries a better access to markets and social facilities (schools, hospitals).

Because of limited availability of PWD equipment, the project includes acquisition of some heavy equipment necessary for the training sessions.

According to the "Global work plan", project philosophy is : "the effectiveness of road maintenance depends largely on the operator's knowledge of road maintenance techniques, and their capacity to carry out appropriate maintenance operations."

4 Logical Framework - Revised in June 2005

Project Description Objectively Verifiable Indicators Source of verification Current Status

Ove

rall

obj

ectiv

e To contribute to improved access to important social , economic and market services in Vanuatu

Travel times to key facilities reduced.

Improved year round access to key facilities.

National statistics

Project survey reports.

Pro

ject

pur

pose

Improved capacity in PWD to deliver its core maintenance function

All PWD equipment operational.

Customer complaints reduced by 60%.

Equipment Log books

Establishment of complaint register and annual report on complaints received and responses.

Equipment Logbooks available and in use

Establishment of complaint register in progress

Res

ults

1. Financial Management & Planning Skills improved.

2. Technical skills for fleetmanagements and roadmaintenance improved

1 Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for roads by types operating early 2006.

2 Annual Work program and Budget for PWD and associated resource requirements established by October of each year.

2.1 All equipment has logbooks .

2.2 Maintenance schedules for all equipment available.

2.3 Breakdown rates reduced from 11% to 3% by end of programme (EoP.)

2.4 Repair times reduced by 45%by EoP.

Progress Reports

National Budget

Check logbooks Periodically

Check maintenance Schedules

Check monthly reports of provincial offices

Work programme for 2006 completed.

Annual work programme 2006 for PWD was established in October 2005

All equipment in operation has logbooks, but recording needs more attention

Maintenance schedules 20% available

Breakdown rates reduced from 11% to 9%

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Project Description Objectively Verifiable Indicators Source of verification Current StatusR

ésul

ta

3. Quality Control systems and skills improved to international standards

2.5 Road maintenance rate of 50- 60% per year increases to at least 70% per year at an acceptable quality by the EoP.

3.1 Twelve(12) more technicians trained in Quality Control procedures by EoP.

3.2 Laboratory PWD updated by October 2005.

3.3 Number of test/year increases from 120 in 2004 to 240 by EoP.

Annual report

Annual reports

Project progress reports

Road maintenance rate increased to 63%

11 more technicians trained in QA

Central Laboratory PWD updated by October 2005

Number of test/year increased

Project Description Means Cost Estimates (€) Current Status

Act

ivit

ies

Project documentationPurchase of equipmentsPurchase of consultancy servicesRecruitment of two volunteersTrainingEstablishment of work programmesDemonstration worksCommunity worksMonitoring by Project Implementation Unit (PIU)Project Evaluation

Technical assistanceTender documentsOperating costsConsultancy servicesPIU meetingsPeriodical reports

Purchase of Equipment € 1,050,000

Training, expert services, and operational costs € 520,000

Demonstration works € 380,000

Evaluation € 30,000

Audit € 15,000 ----------------Total € 1,995,000

€ 964.968,37

€ 483.117,97

€ 316.940,99

0

€ 5.000

€ 1.769.967,33

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5 Budget balance November 2006

Blue shaded : to be registered

Yellow shaded : indicative.

6 Heavy equipmentEquipment has been delivered in August 2005:

6.1 Supplies by CIPAC

Type Particulars Value

Bulldozer 22 T – 191 HP 200000 € / 26 000 000 VT

Grader 13 T – 140 HP 180000 € / 18 000 000 VT

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts 47 000 000 VT

6.2 Supplies by JOHS

Type Particulars Value

2 Compactors Dynapac CA 262D 2 * 72 250 €

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts 155190 €

Type Particulars Value

Back hoe loader JCB 3CX – 8 T 60 200 €

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Budget Total (€)Budgeted in the FA

Commitments VUV EURO1st Work Programme 1Intraco 2Johs. Gram-Hanssen 3TYPSA 4VSO 5CIPAC 6BMS (Audit) 7TA to PWD (DHV) 8PE 2006 (Rider 1) 9Audit 2006 10PE 2007 11AT 2006-07 12Audit 2007EvaluationTotal committedBalance EURO

VUV

1 995 000

43 000 000 320 747,984 800 000 34 444,14

343 179,0013 444 815 95 924,3518 198 392 130 000,0046 842 470 345 000,00

350 000 3 000,0059 985,00

32 225 000 231 834,533 483,00

33 000 000 237 410,07157 500

3 500,0015 000,00

1 987 829,077 170,93

953 733,12

Type Particulars Value

Loader JCB 436ZX – 15 T 109 600 €

Total amount including contingencies, spare parts 187 989 €

6.3 Laboratory supplies

With a supply contract with "Laboratoire National des Travaux Publics" Nouméa - New Caledonia, the PWD laboratory has been equipped with all necessary equipment to conduct geotechnical and soil tests.

Personnel has been trained.

6.4 Others suppliers :

Comprehensive inventory is kept by project account. The list hereunder is limited to field equipment, with a direct link to road or fleet maintenance, presented by province in which the equipment is allocated.

DESCRIPTION QTY MAKE MODEL CAPACITY1" spanner sockets set 21 pcs tool mac - 1 5/8" - 3 1/8"1/2" drive socket set 21 pcs tool mac - (20-320)mm3/4" drive socket set 27 pcs tool mac - (22" - 50 ) mm3/4" drive socket set 27 pcs tool mac - 1/2" - 2"3/8" drive socket set 29 pcs tool mac - 4mm-12mmangle grinder 1 bosch pws 7 100 720 wattautomatic level c/w 1 lufkin 20x objectiveautomatic level c/w 1 lufkin 20x objectivebattery charger 1 sip charge star 30 24v(22a max)bench vice with anvil 2 - - 6"cyclone shovels 10 - d-hundle -fire extinguisher 3 chubb 204/02 1.5kggas welding kit 1 toolex tl 75 ( 1,725 –gloves 40gps 1 carmin can210 (12fc) -heavy duty booster cable 1 - - 750ameasuring wheel 1mobile compressor 1 atlas copco xas 36 15.3kw @plastic drums 4 - - 200 (littres)pneumatic jack hummer 1 atlas copco tex 22 ps 7bar (max)power saw 1 husqvana h 365 1.5kwreflector vest 15safety cones 8safety goggles 2safety helmets 15satety boots 20tape measure 30m 1tourgue wrengerswater cleaner 1 spitwater 11 – 140 wpwheelbarrow 4 - - 5 cu ft

Table 5: Material and equipments shipped to Malekula

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DESCRIPTION QTY MAKE MODEL CAPACITY1" spanner sockets set 21 pcs tool mac - 1 5/8" - 3 1/8"1/2" drive socket set 21 pcs tool mac - (20-320)mm3/4" drive socket set 27 pcs tool mac - (22" - 50 ) mm3/4" drive socket set 27 pcs tool mac - 1/2" - 2"3/8" drive socket set 29 pcs tool mac - 4mm-12mmangle grinder 1 bosch pws 7 100 720 wattautomatic level c/w 1 lufkin 20x objectivebattery charger 1 sip charge star 30 24v(22a max)bench vice with anvil 2 - - 6"cyclone shovels 10 - d-hundle -fire extinguisher 3 chubb 204/02gas welding kit high pressure 1 toolex tl 75 ( 1,725 – 2,500) kpagps 1 carmin can210 (12fc) -heavy duty booster cable 1 - - 750alight duty booster cable 1 - - 100ameasuring wheel 1 - - -metallic cupboard 1 bizhub - -mobile compressor 1 atlas copco xa537 15.3kw @pick up truck 1 mitsubishi k77t jensl 3200ccpneumatic jack hummer 1 atlas copco tex 22 ps 7bar (max)power saw 1 husqvana h 365 1.5kwtourgue wrengerswater cleaner 1 spitwater 11 – 140 wpwheelbarrow 4 - - 5 cu ft

Table 6: Material and equipments shipped to Tanna

7 Training contractOn December 15th , 2004, contract # Serve/9-002/004/IC was signed with Technica Proyectos SA TYPSA to conduct trainings in road maintenance.

Training sessions were organised by TYPSA company, and held from end August to early December 2005.

Final report is available.

Lists of trainees – first week List of trainees – whole program

Name Position Name Position

Jimmy Johnson Malekula manager August Nalan Operator

Fred Cudeous Tanna manager Sandy Reny Qualify operator

Simeon Stanley Santo manager James Samuel Grader operator

Alosio Sawan Ambae manager Richard Iao Bulldozer operator

Bob Meltek Bulldozer operator

Toares Augustin Grader operator

List of trainees – second week Georges Mouris Foreman

Name Position Joseph Banyus Operator

Jean Jacques Senoir road foreman Jean Anthony Operator

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Atis Tessi senior foreman works David Kai Qualify operator

Brian Matamlele senior foreman works Philip Mourison Operator

Titus Tari acting road foreman Edward Pakao Seal road foreman

Anthony Yosef Laboratory surveyor John Ray Ravua Foreman unsealed road

Joe Antas Laboratory Viva Bani Foreman

8 Annual programs and cost estimatesHereunder, the 3 programme estimates are summed up. The first two should have been followed by comprehensive progress reports in order to monitor the progress of implementation.

8.1 Programme Estimate 1

Rider # 1 was justified to format the Programme estimate to standard form and set up in local currency, to go for direct commitments for some items, to plan for division's offices renovation and refurbishment, and to give extra time to run the recruitments and activities.

Rider #2 to extend the duration period by 6 months up to 31.12.2005 is justified by late deliveries of goods and late arrival of volunteer. The logical framework is also revised.

Period covered by the rider is July to December 2005

Activities planned :– renovation of Works division buildings in Malampa and Tafea, with refurbishment– purchase of laboratory equipment completed– road maintenance tools delivered and in use– demonstration works implemented– Equipment shipped to Malekula and Tanna.

8.2 Programme Estimate 2

Initial amount VUV 46 125 000 reduced to VUV 32 225 000.

Activities planned :

– database for priority maintenance plans established

– PE 3 prepared in due time

– improvement of technical skills for fleet management and road maintenance

– road maintenance rate increased

– quality control system and skill improved

– 2 pilot and demonstration sites for road maintenance techniques : 25 km in Malampa province and 22 km in Tafea province.

– divisions' office renovation

– purchase of one vehicle for PWD

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Rider 22/08/2006 budget adapted to remove procurement of one vehicle, tune DSA , accommodation and contingencies.

8.3 Programme Estimate 3

Initial amount is VUV 30 800 000.

Activities planned:

– demonstration works : site selection and planning has been made by Malekula and Tanna Works Divisions.

– fleet management training

– road maintenance training

– quality assurance training : mainly with PWD soil laboratory facilities in Port Vila

8.3.1 Cost estimate

Code Caption Budget

100000 Procurements 5 050 000

120000 - equipment 4 550 000

121000 - spare parts 4 050 000

122000 - small equipment and tools 500 000

130000 Equipment related costs 500 000

200000 Training and other TA 9 400 000

210000 - In country training 9 400 000

300000 Demonstration works 15 735 000

310000 - Malampa 7 300 000

320000 - Tafea 8 425 000

400000 Operating costs 625 000

Total 30 800 000

Table 7: Programme estimate 3 - 2007

8.3.2 Activities

Financial Management and Panning skills improved

– Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for the main maintenance activities in Vanuatu will be further improved, allowing a more realistic planning programme for the future.

Technical skills for fleet management and road maintenance improved.

– Fleet management : logbook monitoring system in full operation, maintenance schedule for all PWD equipment, reducing the breakdown rates from 9% to 3 %

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– Road maintenance : in order to keep the Vanuatu road network in a goosd condition, the road senior foremen and the road foremen from all the six provinces and the two municipalities will attend further training / demonstration sessions to enhance their skills in proper road maintenance techniques

Quality control

– The eleven QA technicians trained during PE1 and PE2 operational period will be further trained to reach acceptable level to be able to determine the good materials during the maintenance activities.

More project ownership by PWD managers established.

9 Technical Assistance

9.1 At PWD main office Port Vila

John Andriamanantoa

John Pello 23/04/2005 - 31/08/2006

Luc Grandjean 13/11/2006 - 13/11/2007

Table 8: technical assistance to PWD - Port Vila

9.2 VSO volunteers.

Contract # Serve/9-002/006 was signed on December 3rd, 2004 with VSO to assist the divisional Managers in Malampa and Tafea in order to implement the maintenance training program and to improve capacity building of the PWD's divisions.

Kate Johnson 30/05/2005 – 30 /05/2007

Lawrence Kithome 17/10/2005 - 16/10/2007

Table 9: Technical assistance to Malampa and Tafea division - VSO

10 Site visit to MalekulaFrom 20/11/2006 to 23/11/2006, with André Iatipu, project manager, to visit the Malekula works division and almost all the island network. On Malekula we met the PW division staff and Mrs Kate Johnson, VSO volunteer.

Site visit report is annexed. To sum up first findings:– heavy equipment purchased under EDF funds has been commissioned and is in use. New and old

equipment do not match (in size) and, more generally speaking, equipment is not – PW staff in on duty, trained. Staff only composed of technicians and plant operators, no

labourers.– what is called "maintenance" in reports should be better referred to as "rehabilitation works"– normal maintenance works are not performed– road network still need lots of improvements / investments in order to reach a normal level– workshop lacks some basic facilities : fuel tank, appropriate hand tools, and need to be cleaned,

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to benefit from some tidy up activities.– it seems that major improvements in division's management and more particularly relations with

PWD main office (accounting, purchases, commitment authorisation to contract out , ...) should take place in order to bring back some rationality in daily management.

– 3 demonstrations works are scheduled in 2006: site selection is questionable

Individual training needs will be assessed during next visit, after discussion with PWD chief of operation, who is the hierarchical chief of division's staff.

On the way back, stop over at Santo, meeting with PW division Staff, PW division workshop and visit of water works under progress ( 240 M" new reservoir build) and water facilities ( pumping station)

Second site visit to Malekula scheduled for 12 to 15/12/2006

11 Site visit to TannaFrom 30/11/2006 to 2/12/2006, with Kensy Yosef, chief of the PWD operation section, deputy project manager to Tanna works division and almost all the island network.

Site visit report is annexed.

To sum up first findings:

– demonstration sites seem very well selected, works are more rehabilitation than maintenance

– design and implementation of works are not properly done : too basic survey, no sketches / drawings, no real cost estimate

– routine (preventive) maintenance has to be put in place, starting with site inspections, surveys, ...

– Road inventory has to be improved and refined,

– equipment downsize for routine maintenance, better matched to needs would be advisable and come in support to community works.

– one 4 wheel excavator with rock breaking hammer would be an asset, sandblast equipment and adequate coating is needed for bridges structures.

– province, with community works, has developed a rather large feeder road network without having any idea of its extension and maintenance needs, nor having budget for same.

– employment and job creation will become a matter of concern of young people on Tanna. Some policy decision could take place and an action plan could be proposed.

12 Findings

12.1 Purchase of heavy equipment ..

According to monitoring report dated 04/09/06 - 22/09/06: "Estimate (PE) No.1 included [...] the procurement of heavy machinery (probably more suited to major road building rather than maintenance) ".

Available equipment is not adequate for routine maintenance and equipment of small labourers teams:

– no small roller available for pothole patching

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– not enough hand tools : shovels, hoes, picks, axes, hammers, mining rod, ...

– dumpers or wheelbarrows would help

– versatile agricultural tractors with tipping trailers, slashers, front loader, ... could also be advisable.

– no rock breaking hammer available

– no excavator available

and equipment is spread inefficiently amongst the 6 provinces :

– a D8 size bulldozer 2 cannot be fully employed on Tanna for years : it would be advisable to plan activities there (road opening / rehabilitation on section C and D, stockpiling huge quantities of coral stone, ...) and then transferring to another island, with a planned program of work.

– loader granted to Malekula is inefficient if served by only two old and small tipping trucks

12.2 Maintenance issues

According to monitoring report dated 04/09/06 – 22/09/06: "PWD has serious problems with forward planning for preventive maintenance, due in part to the nature of the machinery and the logistics of supply."

Maintenance is a word that embraces several concepts and is, presently on Vanuatu, often restricted to expensive equipment based intervention on a road reported in bad condition, namely rehabilitation and rebuild.

For a Standard car Intervention type

For a surfaced road

check and levels water and oil before each great way replace consumable according to wear: sparking plugs, plates, belts, tires

recurrent maintenance

Permanent road mender activities: pruning, clearing of undergrowth mowing / clearing out ditches, culverts, bridges, ..Pothole patching according to wear

drain oil and to change filters air and oil every 10 000km · Change shock absorbers and other wearing parts every 50 000 km

Periodic maintenance

Re grading of surface after 8 to 10 years, according to climate and traffic effects

Renew the engine after 250 000 km Rehabilitation work on the structure, the surface and civil works after 15 to 20 years

To change car after 15 years Rebuild completely rebuild the road after 25 to 35 years, possibly with realignments, widening, ...

Table 10: Maintenance - Rehabilitation : definitions

Shaded lines are not commonly considered as maintenance activities.

Road maintenance can be defined as the "preservation of roads and bridge structures as far as possible to its original condition when first constructed or subsequently improved." Proper and timely maintenance of a newly constructed or rehabilitated road is the concern of government, users and communities who benefit the most. Without maintenance, well-constructed roads are doomed to deteriorate and eventually become impracticable.

Restorative maintenance / preventive maintenance: restorative maintenance consists in repairing the damage after they appear. Preventive maintenance consists in intervening before the damage, as soon

2 nominal productivity is above 200 m3 of earth moved and in place, in one hour.

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as they become likely, to mitigate the impact or the probability of occurence. Example: to clear a landslide is curative. To plant the slope to stabilise it is preventive.

A well designed preventive maintenance policy allows savings and delivers a better level of service than the restorative maintenance policy (even fast and effective).

Routine maintenance and periodic maintenance include a majority of preventive maintenance tasks and some restorative maintenance activities.

Recurrent maintenance : “light” maintenance operations, to be carried out throughout the year in order to prolong as much as possible, and at the lowest cost, the lifespan of a road. In particular :

– clearing out of the ditches,

– mowing and bush clearing (possibly operated by cantonnage 3),

– pothole patching ,

– light grading or light reshaping on the unsealed roads.

Periodic maintenance : routine maintenance, to be carried out periodically to preserve the structure of the roadway while renewing its surfacing: new dressing of the surface on the surfaced roads (every 8 to 12 years, according to the traffic), or heavy reshaping with recharging on the unsealed roads (every 4 to 6 years according to the traffic). The routine maintenance renovates the surfacing, without renovating the structure of the roadway.

Rehabilitation or rebuilding: “Heavy” interventions intended to reconstitute the structure of a very degraded road. Rehabilitation and rebuilding do not belong to the framework of maintenance; they are in fact new investments to restore an infrastructure already paid for.

More details on maintenance in annex.

12.3 Network

Networks are in the range of 200 – 300 km on each island. The networks are neither well known, and from first sight nor is maintained.

Substantial investments is lacking to allow normal use of 2x4 vehicles on the whole extent of the network.

Target could be the normal use of a 2x4 pick-up on the network all year round : this would mean that transport costs of goods and persons will be brought down to more acceptable levels : 4X4 vehicles are more expensive to purchase and more costly to run, in fuel and spare parts.

13 Proposals

13.1 Setting up routine maintenance at division level

Being at the third and last year of the project, with a programme estimate already approved there is little room to introduce new features. Nevertheless, in line with the planned activities and normal duties of PWD staff at divisions level, some new orientations can be introduced and training towards effective maintenance, as described above and in annex, could be completed.

3 Cantonnage: (French word). It is a manner of organizing all the small maintenance tasks, those which a person alone can achieve with simple (hand) basic tools, like mowing, bush clearing, clearing out the ditches, culverts, bridges, Each road-mender is in charge of X km of road which would keep him occupied all year round, with some control and backup. Cantonnage can be carried out as well under force account (régie) or under works contract.

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– inventories have to be completed

– preventive maintenance has to be introduced, with a possibility to involve local communities or small contractors

– restorative maintenance has to be set up.

During this last year of the project, key figures and productivity rates in different conditions could be established, in order to be able in the near future to estimate the cost of the maintenance tasks.

Works and strategy could be seen as pilot activities for next maintenance projects country wide (including MCA project) or for PWD budget's improvements.

After meeting and possibly Steering committee approval, available funds planned under PE3 could be used to direct procurements towards smaller equipment , to be used with labour team on preventive maintenance.

13.2 Training

Training that has been carried out up date was found to be too academic by technicians.

Other training material, for labour based activities, will be made available to PWD and Works divisions and trainings sessions will be organised with the help of the 2 VSO volunteers.

These trainings should also be offered to provincial staff, as provinces have the ownership of the "feeder roads" network and are facing same maintenance problems.

On a day to day basis, individual needs will be identified. Without being exhaustive, the assessment has not yet been made, some ideas could be :

– use of spreadsheets and database, use of word processor

– accounting, operational accounting

– filing and sharing documents on computers, backups

– use of GPS and surveying equipment, use of GIS or maps

– labour based techniques for road construction and maintenance

– use of gabions for river crossings and piers

– etc.

Technical documentation has also to be made available at division's level, either on printed hard copies or on CDROM.

14 MIPU & PWD institutions

14.1 Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities MIPU

The Ministry of Infrastructures and Public Utilities (MIPU) comprises by 4 entities:– the Public Works Department PWD– the Civil Aviation Authority CAA– The Meteorological Services– The Ports and Harbour Department.

MIPU technical and political secretaries are located in Port Vila main office second floor.

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14.2 PWD

The Public Works Department (PWD) is in charge of roads, buildings, water, solid waste collection for public buildings and comprises 3 sections and 6 divisions.

Sections are :– Projects : in charge of investment budget lines– Operations : managing the recurrent budget– FinancesSections are hosted in the main office located in Port Vila, first floor.

The Operation section is relayed at provincial level by Divisions : Shefa, Sanma, Malampa, Tafea, Penama, Torba

14.2.1 Roles and responsibilities

Account section

– prepare, submit and manage departemental budget

Operation section

– maintain national road assets

– operate and maintain water supply system in urban areas of Lugainville, Norsup, Lakatoro and Isangel

– maintain PWD equipment, plant, facilities and staff housing

– assist other government departments with management of maintenance of their facilities ans staff housing

– undertake vehicle inspections

– collect revenue for provision of water supply and electricity, and vehicles inspections

Project section

– develop national road assets

– develop water supply system in urban area

– assist government with management of infrastructure projects

– assist other government departments with technical engineering advice

15 Current states of indicatorsThe indicators hereunder are listed from the project logical framework.

15.1 Travel times to key facilities reduced.

Records of travel time is said to have been done, report was not available.

Key facilities have to be defined.

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Monitoring this indicator could be made by a bi-annual survey amongst the taxi drivers, for example. On a standardised form.

15.2 Improved year round access to key facilities.

Monitoring of this indicator has to be put in place. This indicator could be linked with the previous one, reported on on a bi-annual basis.

15.3 Complaints register

No complain procedure has been set up.

15.4 Database that establishes priority maintenance plans for roads

Criteria for priority have to be defined.

15.5 Annual Work program and Budget for PWD

Annual recurrent budget and investment budget are voted in due time by Government.

PWD has a Corporate Plan (2002 – 2205), Management Improvement Plan, Policies and an Annual Business Plan to address its policies and provide the Service delivery expected or require.

15.6 Maintenance schedules for all equipment

Routine maintenance is managed at division's level, where files are kept.

Equipment inventory does exist (see annex). Use of equipment is reported on a monthly basis to PWD main office.

Inventory list has to be clean and all beyond repair equipment should be written off.

15.7 Road condition survey

Not yet implemented

15.8 Road inventory

A survey has been conducted in each province in 2002, with GPS, using way points instead of actual tracks, thus straight distances between two way points are shorter that actual road length.

For each province, tables are presenting

Route:coding

Starting point:description / toponomy

Ending point : description / toponomy

Distance :Km

Classification:National /provincial/ Municipal

All tables are compiled in a report.

Coding is defined in the Road Act.

15.9 Road classification

Ownership is defined in the Road act. The definition still has to be mapped and presented to Provincial and Municipal Authorities.

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Tanna province has already expressed a need to revise the classification and include more roads in the national level.

classification Definition Administrator

National Road which form a link in the national arterial network and falls under the following :- road which traverse the national land or goes around it and links the national capital or provincial capital with other important villages- roads which links an international port , national port, international airfield, national airfield or places of national interest to another national road- roads which links a place requiring development from stand point of the national development ar land-use plans.

PWD

provincial Roads which forms the local arterial network and falls under the following:- road which links two or more villages to reach a national road- roads which links a village with another village, local port or another place of interest

Provincial Government

municipal roads within the jurisdiction of a municipality Municipal council

Table 11: Criteria used for classification of roads

15.10 Emergency system

Disaster committee are in place in each province, works division managers are members of the committees.

But the emergency system by itself still has to be set up.

15.11 Traffic count results

According to "Traffic count report 2006" PWD – Fred Siba, dated October 20th , 2006, traffic count exercise has been done in Shefa, Sanma, Tafea, Malampa, Penama and Torba provinces.

The counts were conducted for one week, vehicles sorted in 8 categories : bicycle, motorbike, car, pick-up truck, other truck, buses, trailers, other.

In Malekula, specific locations were : Litslits, Aoub, Vao, PWD Lakatoro, Mai, Ransarie, Norsup airport and LTC Lakatoro.

Highest traffic count is 728 vehicle per day at PWD Lakatoro, average being around 600 vehicles per week day. Figures are rapidly declining as location is far from Norsup - Lakatoro.

In Tanna, specific locations were : Kahau ruat Iken, White Grass Jnc, Tafea Coop Jnc, Stadium Jnc, Pigs Nose and Loyaru.

Highest traffic count is 868 vehicles per day at Tafea coop Jnc, average being around 550 vehicles per day. traffic is concentrated in Stadium Jnc and Tafea coop Jnc.

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16 Annexes

16.1 Annex : road maintenance definitions and practices

16.1.1 Common definition

A common understanding of road maintenance requires the understanding of the term "maintenance".

The basic objective of road maintenance is implicit in the word itself. It is done to ensure that the road that has been constructed, or improved, is maintained in its original condition. It is accepted that over the lifespan of the road, it will deteriorate due to factors with which maintenance activities cannot deal. Nevertheless, maintenance is intended to begin on the first day after the road improvement works have been completed.

In practice the effect of regular and timely maintenance is to increase the life of the road by putting off the date at which it needs to be reconstructed. This has several benefits, the prominent one being that maintenance stretches the period over which the benefits from the investment made are available and therefore provide a higher rate of return on the initial investment. In addition, it puts off the date when large investments have to be made to reconstruct the road. As the yearly cost of maintaining a road is a small fraction of the investment cost, usually some 2-3%, the economic logic for effective preventative maintenance is undeniable. It can indeed be argued that the construction of roads, whilst consuming large amounts of money, is of limited importance if there is no effective maintenance system.

For reasons that are difficult to assess, however, road maintenance is often viewed as an activity that is carried out only when the road is damaged. As no one would apply this approach to his house or even his own health, it is strange that it seems to be a pervasive attitude in the road sector.

The situation is particularly critical with unsealed roads. Here the main enemy of the road is water.

The whole concept of rural road building is to get the water as quickly and efficiently as possible away from the road structure. This means that the camber of the surface, the slope of the shoulders, the side drains and cross drainage structures need not only be constructed effectively but also need to be kept in a condition that will permit the free run off of the water. This means that the road once constructed has to be looked after on a regular basis. This is why routine maintenance is so important and is the core of an effective maintenance system. The term Recurrent maintenance is sometimes used to cover certain activities (such as light grading) which are carried out during the year over and above the activities of routine maintenance. Periodic maintenance is an activity that is undertaken every 3- 5 years and is concerned with rectifying defects which are outside the scope of routine maintenance. Routine maintenance however remains the key activity. It is the least costly but provides the greatest benefits.

Maintenance, being a recurrent activity, should be financed from the recurrent budget. The funds allocated to it should relate to a maintenance plan which defines those roads requiring maintenance and, using standard figures for routine, recurrent and periodic maintenance, produces a recurrent cost for the network.

Unfortunately, as in many other countries, road maintenance is not viewed as a recurrent activity. It is viewed as a set of projects to be carried out on roads which, because of lack of maintenance, have deteriorated to a state where they need improvement.

The present description of road maintenance in the budget reflects the curative rather than the preventive approach to maintenance.

There is, therefore a major effort required not only to develop an effective and realistic rural road

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maintenance system but also to create a maintenance culture along the lines described above.

16.1.2 Defining road maintenance

Road maintenance is not described in any conventional manner : one budget line is 8CRE Roads repair, which can obviously not be interpreted as routine and preventive maintenance

In order, therefore, to ensure that we are all talking the same language, we have felt it necessary to define the terms we have used when discussing rural road maintenance.

We would suggest that, in keeping with an approach which is preventive rather than curative, maintenance should be defined as follows:

Routine Maintenance - required continuously.

● non-pavement related; required continually on all roads in maintainable condition 4 (good and fair) during the year irrespective of traffic volume or engineering characteristics.

● Activities include: grass cutting, bush cutting, drain clearing, ditch cleaning, culvert cleaning, road sign cleaning, repairs of minor damage to side slopes, levelling of shoulders and verges.

● pavement related; required at intervals during the year with a frequency depending on condition of the pavement and traffic volume/composition.

● Activities include: for paved roads, repairing pot-holes, patching, for unpaved roads, repairing pot-holes,

Recurrent Maintenance – required at intervals during the year

● Activities include:

for paved roads, edge repairs, crack sealing, line marking,

for unpaved roads, grading or dragging.

Periodic Maintenance Operations - required at intervals of several years.

● for paved roads: resealing, regravelling of shoulders, line marking.

● for unpaved roads: regravelling or replacement of unbound macadam pavements.

Emergency Maintenance Operations – required to deal with emergencies where immediate action(s) is required to ensure road user safety.

● Activities include removal of debris/obstacles, clearing of land slides, repairs to localised damages road sections/structures.

In an effective system routine maintenance would be the core activity and emergency maintenance would consume only a small portion of the budget.

This is not the current situation in Vanuatu.

In an effective system, the order of priority of maintenance activities would be as follows:

1. Routine drainage works including clearing of ditches, clearing of culverts, clearing of bridges, clearing of river channels, repairs of erosion damage, repairs to scour checks and other minor drainage structures, repairs of culverts and other large structures, repairs of embankment slopes, etc.,

2. Routine pavement works including filling of potholes, repairs to shoulders, etc.,

4 maintenance cannot be carried out on too badly damaged sections

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3. Recurrent maintenance grading - gravel surfaced roads only,

4. Other routine maintenance works including grass and bush cutting, cleaning, repairing, replacing road signs, etc., and ·

5. Periodic maintenance works including regravelling, etc..

Budget and means to fund and execute such maintenance scheme must be based on :

– a detailed condition inventory of all the roads in the Province, with classification according to the Road Act;

– an assessment of the cost of putting the core network into a maintainable condition;

– an assessment of the routine maintenance costs, means and procedures

– an assessment of the periodic maintenance and means

16.1.3 Funding of Road Maintenance

The current situation regarding the budgeting of road maintenance could not be defined unless the network which is in a maintainable condition is known : the actual size of the network is not known with any precision nor its actual condition.

Any discussion of maintaining the totality of the network is therefore at this stage an academic exercise.

Another way to look into the issue is, if the level of maintenance funding is known, to figure out the length of the network that can be maintained according to known cost of routine and periodic maintenance of roads.

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16.2 Annex : list of all PWD equipment with condition (May 2006)

Beyond repair and very old equipment are still on the inventory due to public management rule of depreciation.

Management No.

Type Age Condition Period of Breakdown

Cost of Service to date

Location Comment

TND7 Bull Dozer 0 Excellent o o Tanna Ripper boltsSCD2 Bull Dozer 18 breakdown 03/2006 to date o Santo waiting partsMCD6 Bull Dozer 18 Breakdown 24/02/2006 o Malekula Waiting spare partsTCD9 Bull Dozer 18 breakdown 2004 to date o Sola currently repairing the equipmentMHD5 Bull Dozer 19 Breakdown 19.05.05 to date 500 000 Malekula Reassembling engineSHD3 Bull Dozer 19 breakdown Feb 2006 to date o Santo waiting to run test engine MHD4 Bull Dozer 19 Beyond repair since 2000 o Malekula Tender processPCD8 Bull Dozer 22 breakdown Since 1998 o Ambae waiting for partsTCD6 Bull Dozer 22 Breakdown 2004 to date 6 000 Vila Waiting repairSICT20G453 Cargo Truck 5 Good o 51 780 Santo Palikolo road worksSICT19G452 Cargo Truck 5 breakdown Dec05 to date o Efate Waiting spare parts SNCT21G360 Crane Truck 5 breakdown Jan06 to date o Efate Still waiting for Parts & FundsSCCT22G598 Crane Truck 5 breakdown Beyond repair o Santo Tender processMJB4 Loader Back Hoe 0,09 Excellent o o Malekula Shutdown not in use TWB5 Loader Back Hoe 1 Good dec 05 to date 200 000 Tanna Parts wait shipment Vila /Tanna STB2 Loader Back Hoe 4 Good o o Efate Collecting rubbish (municipal)SJB3 Loader Back Hoe 6 breakdown N0v.05 to date06 35 975 Santo Waiting for partsSKB1 Loader Back Hoe 6 Operational 8wks o Efate Under repairPJB8 Loader Back Hoe 9 breakdown Jan06 to date o Ambae Waiting for partsMJB4 Loader Back Hoe 20 Fair o o Malekula Waiting to be used at workshop yardTJB6 Loader Back Hoe 20 Beyond repair o o Tanna Sold by tender

MNHG7 Motor Grader 0 Excellent o o Malekula On Road worksSKG2 Motor Grader 5 Good o o N-Epi Mobil unit on road worksSMG4 Motor Grader 6 Fair 29 630 Santo Hydraulic problemSKG1 Motor Grader 6 Good o o Efate workingPCG9 Motor Grader 9 Good o o Ambae Road works west Ambae, weld hyd

pipe TMG8 Motor Grader 10 Good o 20 000 Tanna Green hill road Clearance road vergesSAG3 Motor Grader 17 Good o o Efate Waiting gear box & to be transferredMAG6 Motor Grader 18 Good o 315 000 Malekula road works with out brakesPAG10 Motor Grader 20 breakdown Since 2005 o Ambae Waiting motor sealTAG11 Motor Grader 20 Beyond repair o o Ambae Under write off processSCG5 Motor Grader 31 Good o 100 642 Santo Fanafo road works ATP1G652 Pickup Truck 0,01 Excellent o o Vila Admin project unitSTP19G638 Pickup Truck 0,02 excellent o o Santo Carrying out Administrative workATP2G627 Pickup Truck 0,05 Excellent o o Ambae Admin dutiesATP2G761 Pickup Truck 0,05 Excellent o o H.Office Admin dutiesMMIP24G596 Pickup Truck 1 Excellent 27 o Malekula Project s Admins TMIP28G597 Pickup Truck 1 excellent o o Tanna Admin activitiesTTP27G577 Pickup Truck 2 excellent o o Tanna Admin activities STP10G458 Pickup Truck 5 Good o o South Epi Mobil unit road activities SHP18G459 Pickup Truck 5 breakdown 30/04/06 to date o Santo Waiting tender board of surveyTTP26G435 Pickup Truck 5 Fair o o 63 000 Road works green hillSTP14G249 Pickup Truck 6 Good o 11200 Santo UBS worksSTP16G357 Pickup Truck 6 breakdown 24/04/06 to date o Santo Under repair wait partsSMIP8G390 Pickup Truck 6 Good o o Efate Housing operation / Mobil unit TTP32G395 Pickup Truck 6 Ok o o Sola Administration activities STP15G355 Pickup Truck 6 Breakdown o 113 950 Santo Waiting parts

SNP9G359 Pickup Truck 6 Good o o Efate Administration dutiesMTP23G389 Pickup Truck 6 Good o 15 000 Malekula Road worksMTP22G388 Pickup Truck 6 Good o 12 000 Malekula Workshop activitiesSTP17G539 Pickup Truck 6 fair o o Santo Road maintenance works E/SantoTTP25G472 Pickup Truck 7 Good o 16 000 Tanna Workshop activitiesSTP7G258 Pickup Truck 7 operation o o Efate Airport road workMTP22G472 Pickup Truck 7 Good o o Malekula Administration worksSTC13G9 Pickup Truck 7 breakdown o o Santo Water operationPTP30G485 Pickup Truck 7 Good o o Ambae Roads activitiesPMIP29G315 Pickup Truck 8 Beyond repair Sept 2005 to date o Ambae tender processAMAP3G486 Pickup Truck 9 Good o o Efate lab Activity STC12G147 Pickup Truck 9 Beyond repair o o Santo Waiting tender processATP4G530 Pickup Truck 9 breakdown o o Efate Waiting funds STP6G233 Pickup Truck 9 Good o o N-Epi Mobil unitSTP11G655 Pickup Truck 10 Beyond repair o o Santo Waiting tender processTDP31G116 Pickup Truck 13 Beyond repair Since 2003 to date o Gaua Waiting tender boardMTP20G653 Pickup Truck 13 breakdown 28.3.06 95 000 Malekula Waiting fundsSDP5G164 Pickup Truck 13 Good o o Efate Shut down SMBST28G Septic Truck 1 breakdown o o Santo Waiting for partsSNT8G361 Tipper Truck 6 Good o o Efate With Tanoliu bridgePMT15G252 Tipper Truck 9 Breakdown 09-mars-06 o Ambae Require new clutch plate SIT7G380 Tipper Truck 10 Good o 158 940 Santo Matantas, Sara roads worksSHT5G543 Tipper Truck 10 Good 28 000 Torba With road worksSIT6G379 Tipper Truck 10 Good o 86 460 Santo Matantas, Sara roads worksSHT3G540 Tipper Truck 10 Good o o Santo On road loading quarrySHT4G813 Tipper Truck 10 Good 70 000 Efate Assisting with municipal

TKT18G682 Tipper Truck 10 Fair 2005 to date o Torba Being repairedPHT14G543 Tipper Truck 11 Good o o Ambae Transfer to SantoMBT9TG605 Tipper Truck 11 Fair o o Malekula water truck no driverMTT18G205 Tipper Truck 11 Ok o 23 000 Malekula Operating without brake MTT8G206 Tipper Truck 11 Good o 18 000 Malekula Under repairTTT12G552 Tipper Truck 12 Good o 10 000 Tanna transport sand & coralTTT13G715 Tipper Truck 12 Good o 28 322 Tanna transport sand & coralTTT11G550 Tipper Truck 12 Good o o Tanna Brake and battery transport sand &

coralSHT4G540 Tipper Truck 12 breakdown 4/4/06to o Santo Tipping problemPHT9G538 Tipper Truck 12 Fair o o o Fanafo & Sara road worksTTT10G519 Tipper Truck 12 Good o 382 000 Tanna Fixed gearboxPMT16G253 Tipper Truck 15 Good o o Ambae Require wheel bearingPMT17G254 Tipper Truck 22 Good o o Ambae Require bearing PHTL10 Track Loader 20 Beyond repair o o Ambae Tender processSFT4 Tractor 20 Beyond repair o o Santo Waiting tender processSFT2 Tractor Septic 20 Breakdown o o Efate Compatible parts use for others

machineSFT1 Tractor Slasher 20 Good o o Efate Grass cuttingTFT6 Tractor Slasher 20 breakdown 2003 to date o Tanna Waiting steering partsMFT5 Tractor Slasher 20 Good o 400 000 Malekula Welding slasher SFT3 Tractor Slasher 20 fair o 2 000 Santo To use with road broom MDR4 Vibrating Roller 0 Excellent o o Malekula On road compactingTDR5 Vibrating Roller 0 Excellent o o Tanna Compacting road from white to Tafea

coopSAR1 Vibrating Roller 9 Breakdown 7mths o Efate Waiting fundsPAR6 Vibrating Roller 9 Ok 5hrs o Pentecost West Ambae roadmars-03 Vibrating Roller 9 Fair o 200 000 Santo Shipped to Santo to assist on road

worksSAR2 Vibrating Roller 9 breakdown o 25 260 Santo Transmission problemSIWT24G451 Water Truck 5 Good o 160 180 Santo Distribution of water waiting road

worksSNWT23G362 Water Truck 6 Good o o Efate CBD road cleaning MJL6 Wheel Loader 0 Excellent o o Malekula Loading quarry STL3 Wheel Loader 6 Fair o 285 850 Santo Sara Road worksTJL7 Wheel Loader 8 Beyond repair 6hrs 2million Tanna Being burnt PJL9 Wheel Loader 9 Ok o o Ambae Road works west AmbaeSKL1 Wheel Loader 17 Good o o N-Epi With road works PDL8 Wheel Loader 18 Good o o Ambae Waiting plate, welding RodSCL4 Wheel Loader 18 Fair o 11 520 Santo Road worksTAL11 Wheel Loader 22 Breakdown 2004 to date o Torba To fit hydraulic SCL2 Wheel Loader 34 Beyond repair 13yrs o Efate To re-assemble partsMCL5 Wheel Loader 34 Fair o o Torba Santo to shipped to Banks

16.3 Annex : Bibliography

All documents listed below are made available to PWD staff.

16.3.1 in English

● Final report. Technical Assistance to the PWD – Vanuatu. DHC consultants. 14 pages + annexes.

● EU / VANUATU 2004 JOINT ANNUAL REPORT

● Mukesh Gupta. Discussion Paper. Road Rehabilitation & Maintenance Strategy in Solomon Islands. ILO. 9 pages.

● Maintenance of minor roads using the lengthman contractor system. fifth international conference on low Volume roads, Raleigh North Carolina, 19-23 May 1991. Republished by world Bank 03/1997. 6 pages

● ASIST- Asia Pacific. guidelines for Transport Infrastructure Inventory. Preparation of Transport Network Analysis. ILO.

● Strategy Document for a Labour-based Road Works Programme in Lao PDR.

● various pages on www.ruralroads.org

● TAFEA REDI Five Year Master Plan

● Malampa REDI Five Year Master Plan

● 2001Vanuatu Infrastructure Masterplan. Development Framework. 02/2002

● Maintenance study in the Philippines. Infrastructure for Agricultural Productivity Enhancement Sector (InfRES) Project. International Labour Organization. March 2006

● Technical manual. Labour based road construction methods. Johannessen. 1997. 91 Pages.

● Tor Hernes. Ghana Feeder Roads Improvement and Maintenance by Contract. Summary of Training Needs Survey and Proposal for the Training at Wiawso of Contractors’ and DFR Staff. ILO, 1987. 26 pages.

● Chris Donnges. RURAL TRANSPORT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS. HOW TO IMPROVE RURAL TRANSPORT FOR THE RURAL POOR? Transport and Communications Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific No.71, 2001. 10 pages.

● MCC. Vanuatu compact Executive summary. March 2006. 6 pages.

● A Tractor and Labour based Routine Maintenance System for Unpaved Rural Roads. DDF & Intech Associates. 06/2003. 17 pages.

● INTERNATIONAL ROAD MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK Volumes I – IV. First edition published 1982 under auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa as 'ROAD MAINTENANCE HANDBOOKS' -3 Volumes).

● Maintenance of unpaved roads in wet climates. Fifth International Conference on Low Volume Roads, Raleigh, North Carolina 19-23 May 1991. JONES, T E and Y PROMPRASITH. 37 pages.

● ORN7 Volume 1. A GUIDE TO BRIDGE INSPECTION AND DATA SYSTEMS FOR

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DISTRICT ENGINEERS. TRL 5. Overseas Road Notes / Maintenance.

● ORN15 GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ROAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. TRL. Overseas Road Notes

● ORN2 MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES FOR DISTRICT ENGINEERS. TRL. Overseas Road Notes

● ORN1 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT FOR DISTRICT ENGINEERS 3rd edition (2003). TRL Limited. Overseas Road Notes / Maintenance

16.3.2 in French:

● Programmes d'infrastructures à Haute Intensité de Main-d’œuvre (HIMO). Cours de formation à l’usage des PME, des bureaux d’études et des ingénieurs de l'État. Une série de six manuels de formation sur deux CD-ROM. (version provisoire). Les six manuels de formation sont uniquement disponibles dans un coffret de deux CD-ROM. Les thèmes/secteurs couverts sont : (1) Construction et entretien de routes non revêtues ; (2) Routes pavées, voirie et drainage ; (3) Bâtiment ; (4) Appels d’offres et soumissions ; (5) gestion d’entreprise ; (6) Formation des formateurs. Les manuels sont repartis de la manière suivante sur les CD-ROM : CD-ROM I : Manuels de formation à l’usage des stagiaires, et CD-ROM II : Guide du Formateur. Les manuels de formation comprennent de nombreux graphiques, dessins, transparents, photographies et exercices.

● www.ruralroads.org : routes et réduction de la pauvreté, travaux à base de main d'oeuvre,

● Approche Micro. L'entretien par les communes. http://www.madagascar-contacts.com/himoroutes. Ministère des Travaux Publics de Madagascar. NORAD OIT.

● Louis Fernique. Financement de l'entretien routier et gestion des fonds d'entretien routier. Exposé. ENPC, 06/2004. 19 pages.

● Document cadre de partenariat France – Vanuatu- DCP 2006 2010

5 TRL Limited (Transport Research Laboratory) UK TRL is an independent, internationally recognised centre of excellence in surface transport issues. For more than 60 years TRL has worked closely with customers in the public, private and independent sectors of the UK and world-wide. http://www.trl.co.uk

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