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Course Introduction
NSTC Course 055 Hypergol Systems: Design, Buildup, and Operation
BACKGROUND
This course was developed by personnel at the NASA JSC White Sands Test Facility in conjunction with the NASA Safety Training Center (NSTC). The NSTC was established in May 1991 by the NASA Headquarters Safety Directorate to provide up-to-date, high-quality, NASA specific safety training on location at NASA centers, or simultaneously to multiple centers over the Video Teleconferencing System (ViTS). Our desire is to establish and maintain a strong, long-lasting relationship with all NASA centers in order to fulfill your safety training needs on a cost-effective basis. Our ultimate goal is to provide a positive contribution to safe operations at NASA.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
NSTC Course 055 is a 2-day course discussing the safe usage of hypergols (hydrazine fuels and nitrogen tetroxide). During the course we will identify the hazards associated with hypergols including toxicity, reactivity, fire, and explosion. Management of risk is discussed in terms of the primary engineering controls – design, buildup, and operation; and secondary controls – personal protective equipment and detectors/monitors. The emphasis is on the design and buildup of compatible systems and the safe operation of these systems by technicians and engineers.
COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The NSTC’s goals in teaching this course are:
To increase safety awareness; To provide useful information and references; To enable attendees to identify and evaluate typical hazards of hypergols and
hypergol systems.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
Those who would benefit from this course include engineers, technicians, plant managers, and operators involved in hypergol system design, buildup, operation, and maintenance. This course would also be appropriate for safety and health professionals involved in monitoring and evaluating the operation of hypergol systems.
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUE
The instructional technique used will be primarily lecture and in-class videos. We do encourage in-class discussion to develop student understanding of the concepts, practices,
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and techniques discussed. We encourage students to participate during all parts of the class; and if you have a question, a comment, or a personal experience that would contribute to the subject - please speak up. We also encourage you to ask the instructors to discuss issues specific to your use of hypergols so we can tailor the class to your Center’s needs.
COURSE MATERIALS The course notebook provided with this class is intended not only for your use in following the classroom presentation, but also for future reference. We hope this notebook is not a trophy adorning your bookshelf, but rather a reference tool you go back to again. We encourage you to follow along and review the material during the class so you can ask any questions you may have.
COURSE EVALUATIONS
Course critiques are very important to us. We are very interested in your impressions of the class materials and presentation, and your suggestions for improvement. The NSTC staff and the course instructors will review each and every critique, and your written comments will be provided to the point-of-contact at your center.
COMPLETION CERTIFICATES
We will send you an NSTC course completion certificate along with a class roster after the class. NASA Headquarters will sign these course certificates. Please fill out the course attendance roster fully and legibly for each class, as we will use it to track attendance, to prepare course completion certificates; and potentially to contact you in the future with NSTC news. In order to receive credit for course attendance, you must personally attend approximately 2/3 of the course. Course instructors will have the final say on who should receive credit for the course.
CONTINUING EDUCATION UNITS (CEUs)
This course has been approved for the award of up to 1.2 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) to students. The primary purpose of a CEU is to provide a permanent record of the educational accomplishments of an individual who has completed one or more significant non-credit educational experiences. CEUs can be used to update and maintain professional certifications. In order for this award, we will be taking attendance every day on a roster, which requires your signature and your social security number. Providing your social security number is voluntary, but you cannot receive CEU credit without it. If you do provide your social security number, this information will be controlled in accordance with Privacy Act requirements, and access will be limited to those with a valid need to know. CEUs earned will be indicated on the course completion certificate under the course title. To receive CEU credit, you will have to attend the entire course (individual decisions as to how much can be missed will be the purview of the NSTC instructor and staff).
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CONTACTING THE NSTC
We hope you enjoy this course. If you are interested in any of our other courses, you may contact your center point of contact or the NSTC staff at (281) 244-1284 for additional information. You may also reach us via e-mail at [email protected].
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INSTRUCTORS
Bruce Havenor is a Materials Test Tech, Specialist. He started working at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) in March 1976. He is a hazardous fluids handler and test conductor (hydrazine fuels and nitrogen tetroxide), a cryogenics fluid handler and test conductor (LN2, LOX, LH2), and has extensive experience with flight hardware and ground support components. He has written many procedures for building and operating test systems. His test experience includes:
• Materials Test Facility Buildup • Hypergol Immersion Testing • Fluorine and N2F4 Permeation Testing • Faceshield Fuel Splash Testing • Adiabatic Compression Testing • Oxidizer Impact Testing • Hydrazine Thermal Runaway Testing • Cadmium Battery Testing • High Pressure Hydraulic Oil Immersion Testing • JP-4 Pool Fire • JP-5 Pool Fire • Vapor-phase MMH Detonation Testing • Liquid-phase Hydrazine Detonation Testing • Cryogenic Hydrogen/Oxygen Detonation Testing • Tractor Rocket Motor Testing • Space Shuttle Main Engine LOX Bearing Testing • GOX and LOX Frictional Testing • Coefficient of Frictional Heating • Lockheed Environmental Laboratory Buildup (Las Vegas, NV) • High Pressure Oxygen Test Facility Buildup • Hydrogen Igniter Test Buildup • Helium Tube Bank Buildup • USAF Oxygen Service Carts Refurbishment • Space Station Manifold Decon • Composite Overwrap Pressure Vessel Program • GN2 Proof of Nitrogen Tank Assembly • Space Station Oxygen Recharge Compressor Assembly (ORCA) Qual Testing • Manifold 5 Isolation Valve Propellant Exposure Tests
5
Kurt Rathgeber has a BS in Physics from UCLA and an MBA from New Mexico State University. He started working at the NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) in December 1989. His test experience includes:
• Liquid-phase detonation studies of hydrazine, MMH, and nitromethane • Vapor-phase detonation studies of hydrazine/diluents, MMH/air, and
MON3/hydrogen • Pulsed detonation engine concept utilizing hydrogen/oxygen and hydrogen/air • Mechanical impact testing and rotary friction testing of LOX/metal powder mixtures • Adiabatic compression testing of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide • Water hammer surge pressure tests on shuttle APU system components • Water hammer surge pressure tests on ISS ammonia heat exchanger • Pyrovalve testing with MMH and MON3
In addition to designing, building, and testing hypergol systems, Kurt has written hazards analysis procedures for the hydrazine fuels and nitrogen tetroxide. Steve Hornung has a BS in Chemistry from the University of Kansas and a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from the University of New Mexico. He started working at the NASA White Sands Test Facility in March, 1989. His test experience includes:
• Development and validation of NTS 6001, Test 15 for hydrazine, methylhydrazine, ammonia, and nitrogen tetroxide
• Minimum ignition energy studies of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, and ethanol
• Materials compatibility with hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide by isothermal microcalorimetry
• Development of a UV / vacuum UV space simulation system • ESCA / Auger surface analysis of Mir solar array materials, Optical Properties
Monitor (OPM) and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) flight experiments • Stability and thermal studies of HAN-TEAN formulations • Development of aqueous and alternative solvent methods for cleanliness verification • Testing of polymers for high temperature oxygen fuel cell applications • Development of ppb level detection systems for hydrazines
In addition to the experience above, Steve has been involved in numerous investigations of materials compatibility and surface chemistry.
6
David Baker has a BS and MS in Chemistry from Eastern New Mexico University. He started working at the NASA White Sands Test Facility in November 1981 for Lockheed and moved to NASA in July, 1989. His test experience includes:
• Laboratory scale development of molecular sieve system for the removal of iron nitrate in NTO
• Analytical method development for hypergol propellants • Corrosion studies of selected metals in NTO • STS-9 Hydrazine Fire Investigation • Liquid-phase detonation studies of hydrazine, MMH, and nitromethane • Vapor-phase detonation studies of hydrazine/diluents, MMH/air, hydrogen/air,
ammonia/air, and nitrogen fluoride • APU hot restart testing • Water hammer surge pressure tests on shuttle APU system components • OV-105 R1A Thruster Fire Mishap Investigation • Passivation of OF2 and N2F4 storage containers using fluorine gas, • Development of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry for Hydrazine/Material Compatibility • Development and operation of the APU component test bed • Shuttle hydrazine fuel tank fleetleader project • Co-author manuals on the fire, explosion, compatibility, and safety of hypergol
propellants • Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) Reboost Failure Investigation • Managed projects involving the characterization of new experimental propellant such
as amine azides and hydrogen peroxide • WSTF Project Manager and Operation Director for the nontoxic dual-thrust RCS
engine testing • WSTF Project Manager and Operation Director for the International Space Station
Propulsion Module Hot Fire Testing • Failure Investigation of Stennis Space Center 5000 gal Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant
Supply System
7
John Jaramillo has a BS in Advanced Technology Education from New Mexico State University. He started working at the NASA White Sands Test Facility in January 1991. His test experience includes:
• Military and shuttle specification analysis of oxidizers and hydrazine fuels • N2O4 molecular sieve project for the removal of iron and water in off-spec oxidizer • Personal protective equipment permeation testing • Analytical development for the detection of derivative fuels by NPD/GC • Sonochemistry investigation involving the destruction of hydrazine fuels via
ultrasonic sound waves • Hot surface ignition investigation involving hydrazine fuels • HAZMAT Team Certified • Production of hypergolic reaction videos • Minimum ignition energy studies of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, unsymmetrical
dimethylhydrazine, and ethanol • Design Engineer and Project Lead for the construction of hypergolic laboratories that
safely handle hypergolic fluids In addition to the experience above, John has written several site documents regarding the analysis and safe handling of hypergolic fluids.
8
COURSE SYLLABUS 1. Course Overview
Instructors Admin Information Course Goals Course Evaluations Disclaimer
2. Introduction/Background Why Are We Here? NASA’s Safety Initiative NASA’s Safety Policy
Why This Course? Problem
Solution Course Outline 3. Accidents Examples
What Have You Seen in Your Career? (discussion) “Chemistry 1-Oh-No!”
4. Toxicity Hazard Environmental Fates Exposure Limits Symptoms of Exposure First Aid
5. Reactivity Hazard Effect of Fluid on Material
Effect of Material on Fluid Factors Affecting Reactivity Common Interactions of NTO Corrosion Flow Decay Softgood Reactivity Common Interactions of Hydrazines Corrosion Catalytic Decomposition Thermal Runaway Softgood Reactivity 6. Fire Hazard
Fire Criteria Ignition Sources Fire Fighting
7. Explosion Hazard Thermochemical Processes Deflagration Detonation
9
8. Hypergol Properties, References & Other Information 9. Design
Siting Paperwork Hardware Material Compatibility
10. Buildup System Construction Considerations Paperwork Mockup Document Physical System Disassemble Clean and Proof Reassemble Torque and Tag Integrity Check System Leak Check Flow Check Relief Valves Paperwork
11. Operation Before Pretest During Test After Post test
12. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE Hazard Assessment Chemical Exposure Protection Level A Level B Level C Level D
13. Hypergol Detection Methods of Detection Examples Ideal Specifications
14. Course Evaluations DISCLAIMER
NASA, JSC, NSTC, and the instructors assume no responsibility for any use or misuse of the material presented in this course. Use of brand names and registered trademarks are for example only and do not constitute an endorsement.
Hyp
ergo
l Sys
tem
s:
Des
ign,
Bui
ldup
, & O
pera
tion
Cou
rse
No.
055
NA
SA
Saf
ety
Trai
ning
Cen
ter
FUE
LFU
EL
OX
IDIZ
ER
OX
IDIZ
ER
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r2
Saf
ety
Not
eTh
e N
AS
A S
afet
y In
itiat
ive
stat
es th
at
we
ensu
re s
afet
y an
d he
alth
for t
he
follo
win
g gr
oups
, in
orde
r of e
mph
asis
:•
The
Pub
lic•
Ast
rona
uts
and
Pilo
ts•
Em
ploy
ees
•H
igh
Val
ue E
quip
men
t and
Pro
perty
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r3
1.0
Ove
rvie
w
Inst
ruct
ors
Adm
inis
trativ
e In
form
atio
nC
ours
e G
oals
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
Dis
clai
mer
Cou
rse
Sco
pe
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r4
1.1
Inst
ruct
ors
Bru
ce H
aven
orK
urt R
athg
eber
Ste
ve H
ornu
ngJo
hn J
aram
illoD
ave
Bak
er
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r5
1.2
Adm
inis
trativ
e In
form
atio
n
Atte
ndee
Intro
duct
ions
Atte
ndan
ce s
heet
•S
ocia
l Sec
urity
Num
ber
•P
rivac
y A
ct S
tate
men
t•
CE
Us
avai
labl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r6
1.2
Adm
inis
trativ
e In
form
atio
n co
nt’d
Bre
aks/
Bat
hroo
ms/
Foun
tain
s/V
endi
ngE
mer
genc
ies
(ala
rms,
sire
ns, e
xits
, etc
.)E
nviro
nmen
tQ
uest
ions
Cou
rse
Mat
eria
ls
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r7
1.3
Cou
rse
Goa
ls (I
nstru
ctor
)
Incr
ease
saf
ety
awar
enes
sP
rovi
de u
sefu
l inf
orm
atio
n an
d re
fere
nces
Ena
ble
atte
ndee
s to
iden
tify
and
eval
uate
typi
cal h
azar
ds o
f hyp
ergo
lsan
d hy
perg
olsy
stem
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r8
1.4
Cou
rse
Goa
ls (S
tude
nt)
Ach
ieve
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
saf
e pr
actic
es in
de
sign
, mat
eria
ls s
elec
tion,
and
ope
ratio
n of
hy
perg
olsy
stem
sB
ecom
e m
ore
awar
e of
the
safe
ty p
roce
dure
s an
d fe
atur
es o
f you
r ow
n fa
cilit
y/w
ork
area
Ach
ieve
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
how
to re
spon
d to
em
erge
ncy
situ
atio
ns in
volv
ing
hype
rgol
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r9
1.5
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
The
NS
TC is
stro
ngly
com
mitt
ed to
pro
vidi
ng
high
-qua
lity
train
ing
Stro
ng e
mph
asis
pla
ced
on c
ours
e ev
alua
tions
to
aid
dev
elop
ers
in im
prov
ing
cour
se c
onte
nt
and
deliv
ery
…so
ple
ase
tell
us w
hat y
ou th
ink
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
1.6
Dis
clai
mer
NA
SA
, JS
C, N
STC
, and
the
inst
ruct
ors
assu
me
no re
spon
sibi
lity
for a
ny u
se o
r m
isus
e of
the
mat
eria
l pre
sent
ed in
this
co
urse
Use
of b
rand
nam
es a
nd re
gist
ered
®
trade
mar
ks™
are
for e
xam
ple
only
and
do
not
con
stitu
te a
n en
dors
emen
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
2.0
Intro
duct
ion
W
hy a
re w
e he
re?
W
hat a
re th
e re
ason
s fo
r thi
s tra
inin
g?
If
I am
thro
ugh
with
lear
ning
, I a
m th
roug
h.
-Jo
hn W
oode
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
Term
inol
ogy
Hyp
ergo
lic•
The
term
is u
sed
to d
escr
ibe
the
fuel
s an
d ox
idiz
ers
that
igni
te s
pont
aneo
usly
upo
n co
ntac
t with
eac
h ot
her w
ithou
t any
ex
tern
al in
itiat
ing
ener
gy.
Hyp
ergo
ls•
A g
ener
al re
fere
nce
to c
ombi
natio
ns o
f fu
els
and
oxid
izer
s th
at a
re h
yper
golic
.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
Asi
de
Man
y fu
els
and
oxid
izer
s ar
e hy
perg
olic
•H
ydra
zine
fuel
s•
Nitr
ogen
tetro
xide
and
MO
Ns
•C
hlor
ine
triflo
urid
ean
d pe
ntaf
lour
ide
•In
hibi
ted
red
fum
ing
nitri
c ac
id (I
RFN
A)
•H
ydro
gen
pero
xide
•O
ther
s (s
ee th
e H
yper
golic
Com
bina
tions
hand
out i
n co
urse
boo
k)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
2.1
Sco
pe o
f Thi
s C
ours
e
The
Hyd
razi
ne F
uels
•N
2H4
•M
onom
ethy
lhyd
razi
ne(M
MH
)•
Uns
ymm
etric
al D
imet
hylh
ydra
zine
(UD
MH
)N
itrog
en T
etro
xide
and
Var
iant
s•
N2O
4
•M
ON
1, M
ON
3, e
tc.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
2.0
Intro
duct
ion
So
why
, in
parti
cula
r, a
cour
se o
n hy
perg
olsa
fety
?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
2.1
Saf
ety
Cer
tific
atio
n R
equi
rem
ents
NP
R 8
715.
3 S
afet
y C
ertif
icat
ion
Req
uire
men
ts•
“Peo
ple
who
per
form
or c
ontro
l haz
ardo
us
oper
atio
ns o
r use
or t
rans
port
haza
rdou
s m
ater
ial m
ust p
osse
ss th
e ne
cess
ary
know
ledg
e, s
kill,
judg
men
t, an
d ph
ysic
al
abili
ty (i
f spe
cifie
d in
the
job
clas
sific
atio
n)
to d
o th
e jo
b sa
fely
, and
be
certi
fied
to d
o so
(Req
uire
men
t 251
13).”
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
Asi
de
Atte
ndan
ce a
t thi
s co
urse
doe
s no
t co
nstit
ute
certi
ficat
ion
for h
andl
ing
hype
rgol
s.Th
e au
thor
ity h
avin
g ju
risdi
ctio
n w
ithin
yo
ur o
rgan
izat
ion
stip
ulat
es th
e ce
rtific
atio
n re
quire
men
ts (i
.e. t
rain
ing
cour
ses,
dem
onst
rate
d pr
ofic
ienc
y,
etc.
).
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
We
are
here
bec
ause
thes
e flu
ids
are.
..To
xic
Fl
amm
able
C
orro
sive
E
xplo
sive
•
Car
cino
geni
c–
UD
MH
is–
Hyd
razi
ne a
nd M
MH
are
sus
pect
ed–
NTO
is n
ot2.2
The
Pro
blem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
2.3
Wha
t’s th
e S
olut
ion?
1.
Ide
ntify
the
haza
rds
2. A
sses
sth
e ris
ks-p
roba
bilit
y an
d se
verit
y3.
Acc
eptt
he ri
sks
or .
. .4.
Man
age
the
risks
by
. . .
-min
imiz
ing
the
prob
abili
ty-m
inim
izin
g th
e se
verit
y
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
Term
inol
ogy
Haz
ard
•A
ny c
ondi
tion
that
cou
ld re
sult
in
–in
jury
to p
eopl
e–
dam
age
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t–
dam
age
to p
rope
rty o
r equ
ipm
ent,
and/
or–
dela
y or
loss
of m
issi
on o
r obj
ectiv
e
Ris
k•
A c
ombi
natio
n of
the
prob
abili
ty o
f oc
curr
ence
and
the
seve
rity
of th
e co
nseq
uenc
es o
f an
adve
rse
cond
ition
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
Step
1.
Iden
tify
Haz
ards
Step
2.
Ass
ess
Ris
k
Prob
abili
tySe
verit
y
Ris
k A
sses
smen
tIs
the
Ris
ksi
gnifi
cant
?
Step
3.
Acc
ept t
he R
isk
Step
4.
Man
age
the
Ris
k
Can
Prob
abili
ty
be
redu
ced?
Dev
ise
desi
gn c
hang
es o
rim
plem
ent o
ther
con
trol
s.
Are
pr
opos
ed
chan
ges
reas
onab
le?
Seek
Mgt
buy
in
Can
Seve
rity
be
redu
ced?
N
N
N
Y
YY
Y
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
A
sses
s R
isk
P
roba
bilit
y R
atin
gsS
ever
ity R
atin
gs
0 =
Alm
ost i
mpo
ssib
leA
= N
eglig
ible
1
= R
emot
ely
poss
ible
B =
Mar
gina
l
2 =
Pos
sibl
eC
= C
ritic
al
3 =
Pro
babl
eD
= D
isas
trous
4
= H
ighl
y pr
obab
le
E
xam
ples
:
Met
eor i
mpa
ct
Car
cra
sh
Pap
er c
ut
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
ts•
Exam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
•To
xici
ty H
azar
d•
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
d•
Fire
Haz
ard
•E
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
•H
yper
gol P
rope
rties
, R
efer
ence
s &
Oth
er
Info
rmat
ion
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
3.0
Acc
iden
ts
One
reas
on w
e ar
e he
re fo
r thi
s co
urse
-ac
cide
nts
happ
en.
We
need
to le
arn
from
th
ose
expe
rienc
es.
It’
s w
hat y
ou le
arn
afte
r you
kno
w it
all
that
cou
nts.
-J
ohn
Woo
den
You
r cou
rse
book
has
a s
ectio
n on
A
ccid
ents
.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
3.1
OV
-105
A T
hrus
ter F
ire M
isha
p
KS
C 1
995
Rem
oval
of t
hrus
ter f
rom
orb
iter
Isol
ated
, pur
ged,
asp
irate
d …
leak
edP
ress
ure
trans
duce
r offs
etS
hift
chan
ge
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
3.1.
1 V
iew
of L
eft S
ide
Thru
ster
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
3.1.
2 R
1A T
hrus
ter w
ith A
spira
tor
OV
-105
R1A
Thr
uste
r Fire
Mis
hap
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
3.2
Tec
hnic
ian
and
the
B-N
ut
WS
TF 1
972
Mat
eria
l com
patib
ility
test
•N
TOan
d E
PR
50K
42C
lose
d te
st fi
xtur
eH
ands
-on
oper
atio
nTe
st C
ondu
ctor
and
one
tech
nici
an
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
3.2.
1 T
echn
icia
n an
d th
e B
-nut
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
3.2.
2 T
echn
icia
n an
d th
e B
-nut
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
3.3
The
rmoc
hem
ical
Test
Are
a
JSC
199
4A
ltitu
de te
st o
f bi-p
rop
engi
neLe
akin
g 3-
way
sol
enoi
d va
lve
•H
alf a
Tef
lon
o-rin
g fo
und
durin
g in
vest
igat
ion
Fille
d liq
uid
vent
line
to b
urne
r•
Firs
t oxi
dize
r rel
ease
abo
ut 0
.1 g
al.
•C
ontin
ued
oper
atio
n de
spite
rele
ase
•S
econ
d ox
idiz
er re
leas
e ab
out 1
6 ga
l.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
3.3.
1 J
SC
TTA
TTA
Day
Car
e C
ente
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
3.3.
2 C
ontri
butin
g C
ause
s Id
entif
ied
Lack
of f
orm
al S
yste
m S
afet
y P
roce
ss to
iden
tify
and
cont
rol h
azar
ds
Insu
ffici
ent c
ontro
ls in
a s
yste
m th
at c
onta
ined
si
ngle
-poi
nt fa
ilure
s
Failu
re o
f tes
t per
sonn
el to
reco
gniz
e an
omal
ous
syst
em p
erfo
rman
ce a
nd to
take
app
ropr
iate
ac
tion
Failu
re to
app
rise
JSC
Man
agem
ent o
f ris
ks
inhe
rent
to th
e pr
epar
atio
n an
d co
nduc
t of t
his
engi
ne fi
ring
test
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
3.4
Acc
iden
ts
Wha
t hav
e yo
u se
en o
r exp
erie
nced
?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
Sum
mar
y
OV
105
: JS
C T
TA:
WS
TF B
-nut
:re
activ
ity
expl
osio
n ha
zard
fire
haza
rd
toxi
city
haz
ard
Gre
ater
aw
aren
ess
abou
t the
haz
ards
of
hype
rgol
san
d th
e as
soci
ated
risk
s m
ay
have
pre
vent
ed th
ese
acci
dent
s or
m
inim
ized
the
adve
rse
effe
cts.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
•To
xici
ty H
azar
d•
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
d•
Fire
Haz
ard
•E
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
•H
yper
gol P
rope
rties
, R
efer
ence
s &
Oth
er
Info
rmat
ion
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
Not
es o
n N
itrog
en T
etro
xide
OR
“Che
mis
try 1
-Oh-
No!
”
Ref
erre
d to
as
NTO
NTO
is a
n eq
uilib
rium
mix
ture
of N
2O4
and
nitro
gen
diox
ide
(NO
2)
•D
isso
ciat
ion
of N
2O4
into
NO
2va
ries
with
te
mpe
ratu
re•
Boi
lsat
room
tem
pera
ture
•Th
e re
ddis
h-br
own
colo
r com
es fr
om th
e am
ount
of N
O2
pres
ent
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
Che
mis
try o
f Nitr
ogen
Tet
roxi
de(N
2O4)
N
NO
O
O
O
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
Not
es o
n M
ON
Mix
ed o
xide
s of
nitr
ogen
(MO
N X
) sp
ecifi
es a
mix
ture
of p
rope
llant
gra
de
NTO
and
X p
erce
nt b
y w
eigh
t nitr
ic
oxid
e(N
O)
•A
dded
as
an o
xyge
n sc
aven
ger /
cor
rosi
on
inhi
bito
r2
NO
+ O
2→
2 N
O2
•N
Oco
nten
t mak
es th
e flu
id a
ppea
r gre
en•
The
vapo
r is
still
redd
ish-
brow
n
Phys
ical
and
Che
mic
al P
rope
rtie
s of
MO
N X
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r41
Hyd
razi
ne F
uels
Usa
ge
Aer
ospa
ce•
AP
Us
(shu
ttle,
airc
raft,
…)
•Th
rust
ers
(OM
S, R
CS
, sat
ellit
es, …
)•
Eng
ines
(Tita
n IV
, Del
ta, …
)A
gric
ultu
reB
oile
r sys
tem
sP
harm
aceu
tical
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r42
Che
mis
try o
f Hyd
razi
ne(N
2H4)
N
N
H H
H
H
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r43
Che
mis
try o
f MM
H(N
2H3(
CH
3))
NN
H
H
H
H
H
H C
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r44
Che
mis
try o
f UD
MH
(N2H
2(C
H3)
2)
C
C
N
N
HH H
H
HH
H
H
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r45
Sum
mar
y
Nitr
ogen
Tet
roxi
de•
Non
-pol
ar•
Not
sol
uble
in w
ater
•R
eact
s w
ith w
ater
to fo
rm n
itric
and
nitr
ous
acid
sH
ydra
zine
and
MM
H•
Pol
ar•
Sol
uble
in w
ater
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r46
Rem
inde
r
A h
azar
dis
def
ined
as
any
even
t tha
t cr
eate
s a
cond
ition
that
cou
ld re
sult
in
inju
ry to
peo
ple,
dam
age
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t, da
mag
e to
pro
perty
or
equi
pmen
t, an
d/or
del
ay o
r los
s of
m
issi
on o
r obj
ectiv
e.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r47
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
ing
the
Haz
ards
Tox
icit
yR
eact
ivity
Fire
Exp
losi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r48
4.0
Tox
icity
Haz
ard
Toxi
city
can
be
defin
ed a
s “…
the
abilit
y of
a
chem
ical
to c
ause
inju
ry o
nce
it re
ache
s a
susc
eptib
le s
ite in
or o
n th
e bo
dy”(
Sax
198
4)A
ll of
the
hydr
azin
e fu
els
and
NTO
and
its
varia
nts
are
toxi
c to
hum
ans
and
harm
ful t
o th
e en
viro
nmen
tTh
e he
alth
haz
ards
ass
ocia
ted
with
MO
Nar
e th
e sa
me
as th
ose
for N
TO(C
PIA
198
4)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r49
Ora
l LD
50(m
g/kg
) -R
ats 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Etha
nol
Met
hano
l
UD
MH
Hyd
razi
ne
MM
H
TAB
LE S
ALT
CA
FFEI
NE
Mod
erat
e to
xici
ty
Hig
h to
xici
ty
Low
toxi
city
Low
toxi
city
NIC
OTI
NE
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r50
4.1.
1 E
nviro
nmen
tal H
azar
d -
Hyd
razi
nes
Hyd
razi
ne fu
els
rele
ased
in th
e en
viro
nmen
t are
con
side
red
pollu
tant
sM
ay c
onta
min
ate
air,
wat
er, a
nd/o
r soi
lTo
xic
to p
lant
and
ani
mal
life
MM
H a
nd U
DM
H d
ecom
pose
to k
now
n ca
rcin
ogen
s (N
DM
As)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r51
4.1.
2 E
nviro
nmen
tal H
azar
d -
NTO
/MO
NS
pille
d N
TO c
an le
ad to
vap
or
conc
entra
tions
of N
TO, N
O2,
or n
itric
ox
ide
(NO
) in
air t
hat e
xcee
d sa
fe li
mits
•N
OX
com
poun
ds c
ause
the
redd
ish
brow
n ha
ze in
sm
og•
NO
2fo
rms
nitri
c an
d ni
trous
aci
ds (H
NO
3an
d H
NO
2) u
pon
cont
act w
ith w
ater
in th
e ai
r, in
the
soil,
or i
n yo
u
Nitr
ic a
cid
mis
ts m
ay fo
rm c
ausi
ng s
oil
and
wat
er p
ollu
tion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r52
4.2
Tox
icity
Haz
ard
To e
valu
ate
hum
an to
xici
ty m
ust a
sses
s th
e fo
llow
ing:
•R
oute
s of
ent
ry in
to th
e bo
dy•
Dur
atio
n of
exp
osur
e•
Con
cent
ratio
n of
exp
osur
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r53
4.2.
1 R
oute
s of
Ent
ry in
to th
e B
ody
Inha
latio
n•
lung
s•
muc
ous
mem
bran
esIn
gest
ion
•ga
stro
inte
stin
al tr
act
•m
ucou
s m
embr
anes
Abs
orpt
ion
•sk
in•
eyes
Wha
t did
Iju
st d
rink?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r54
NTO
Ski
n C
onta
ct fr
om G
love
Per
mea
tion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r55
4.2.
2 D
urat
ion
of E
xpos
ure
We
all k
now
hig
h le
vel e
xpos
ures
to
fuel
s an
d ox
idiz
ers
are
bad
(acu
te
expo
sure
)
Be
awar
e lo
ng-te
rm lo
w le
vel e
xpos
ure
is a
lso
bad
(chr
onic
exp
osur
e)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r56
See
the
Pro
perti
es &
Oth
erta
ble
in c
ours
e bo
ok
NIO
SH
-N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
for O
ccup
atio
nal S
afet
y an
d H
ealth
AC
GIH
-A
mer
ican
Con
fere
nce
of G
over
nmen
tal I
ndus
trial
Hyg
ieni
sts
PEL
-Per
mis
sibl
e Ex
posu
re L
imit
TWA
-Tim
e W
eigh
ted
Aver
age
STE
L -S
hort
Term
Exp
osur
e Li
mit
REL
-R
ecom
men
ded
Expo
sure
Lim
itID
LH -
Imm
edia
tely
Dan
gero
us to
Life
and
Hea
lthTL
V -
Thre
shol
d Li
mit
Val
ueP
PM
-Pa
rts P
er M
illion
4.2.
3 E
xpos
ure
Lim
itsN
2H4
MM
HU
DM
HN
2O4
OS
HA
PEL
TWA
CE
ILIN
G
STE
L
1.0
PP
M
1.
3 m
g/m
3
- -
- 0.2
PPM
0
.35
mg/
m3
-
0.5
PPM
1.0
mg/
m3
- -
- 5 P
PM
-
NIO
SH R
EL
TWA
CE
ILIN
G (1
20 m
in T
WA)
IDLH
- 0.03
PP
M
0.04
mg/
m3
50 P
PM
- 0.04
PP
M
0
.08
mg/
m3
20 P
PM
- 0.06
PPM
0.
15 m
g/m
3
15 P
PM
- 1 P
PM
20 P
PM
ACG
IH T
LV
TWA
CE
ILIN
G
STE
L
0.01
PP
M
0.0
13 m
g/m
3
- -
0.01
PP
M
0
.019
mg/
m3
- -
0.01
PP
M
0
.025
mg/
m3
- -
3 P
PM
- 5 P
PM
Odo
r Thr
esho
ld2
– 3
PP
M1
– 3
PP
M4
– 8
PPM
1 –
3 PP
M fo
r mos
t, as
low
as
0.11
PP
M fo
rso
me
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r57
4.2.
3 E
xpos
ure
Lim
its
OS
HA
PE
L•
Forc
e of
law
N
AS
A a
dher
es to
mor
e st
ringe
nt
guid
elin
e•
Fuel
s:
A
CG
IH T
LV-T
WA
•O
xidi
zer:
NIO
SH
RE
LS
ee th
e P
rope
rties
& O
ther
tabl
e in
co
urse
boo
k.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r58
Vis
ible
Con
cent
ratio
ns o
f NO
2
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r59
4.2.
4 W
hat D
o th
e A
cron
yms
Mea
n?ID
LH
Cei
ling
STEL
PEL
TWA
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Vapor Concentration(Mixture in Air)
Hou
rs
Sho
rt Te
rm
Exp
osur
e Li
mit
Per
mis
sibl
e E
xpos
ure
Lim
it
Imm
edia
tely
Dan
gero
usto
Life
& H
ealth
Tim
e W
eigh
ted
Ave
rage
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r60
4.2.
4.1
MM
H -
Tim
e W
eigh
ted
Ave
rage
Tim
e, h
ours
01
23
45
67
8
MMH Concentration, ppm
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Vap
or C
once
ntra
tion
Tim
e W
eigh
ted
Ave
rage
Dos
e, p
pm x
hou
rs
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r61
4.2.
4.2
MM
H -
Tim
e W
eigh
ted
Ave
rage
& L
imits
Tim
e, h
ours
01
23
45
67
8
MMH Concentration, ppm
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
NIO
SH C
eilin
g 0.
04 p
pm
AC
GIH
TLV
-TW
A10
ppb
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r62
4.2.
4.3
MM
H O
SH
A L
imit
& O
dor T
hres
hold
Tim
e, h
ours
01
23
45
67
8
MMH Concentration, ppm
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Odo
rTh
resh
old
OSH
A C
eilin
g 0.
2 pp
m
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r63
4.2.
5 G
ener
al S
ympt
oms
of H
yper
gol
Exp
osur
e
Thro
at a
nd n
ose
irrita
tion
Eye
irrit
atio
n, b
urni
ngB
reat
hing
diff
icul
ties,
br
onch
itis
Ski
n bu
rns
Diz
zine
ss
Nau
sea
and
vom
iting
Hea
dach
eFe
ver a
nd c
hills
Trem
ors,
con
vuls
ions
Abd
omin
al p
ain
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r64
4.2.
5 G
ener
al C
ondi
tions
Aris
ing
From
E
xpos
ure
-Hyd
razi
neFu
els
Cor
neal
dam
age
Met
hem
oglo
bine
mia
Cya
nosi
sD
erm
atiti
sP
ulm
onar
y ed
ema
Kid
ney
dam
age
Live
r dam
age
Hem
olys
isC
entra
l ner
vous
sys
tem
de
pres
sion
Hem
atur
iaH
einz
bod
ies
in re
d bl
ood
cells
Rep
rodu
ctiv
e ef
fect
s in
la
b an
imal
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r65
4.2.
5 G
ener
al C
ondi
tions
Aris
ing
From
E
xpos
ure
-NTO
Dys
pnea
Cor
neal
dam
age
Met
hem
oglo
bine
mia
Cya
nosi
sTa
chyc
ardi
a A
rteria
l dila
tion
Pul
mon
ary
edem
a
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r66
4.2.
6 F
irst A
id
Inha
latio
n•
Rem
ove
vict
im to
fres
h ai
r–
Res
cuer
s in
pro
per P
PE
•If
not b
reat
hing
, per
form
arti
ficia
l re
spira
tion
•S
eek
med
ical
atte
ntio
n•
Rep
ort a
ll ex
posu
res
to s
uper
visi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r67
4.2.
6 F
irst A
id
Hyd
razi
ne In
gest
ion
•H
ave
vict
im d
rink
larg
e am
ount
s of
wat
er–
Do
not u
se m
ilk a
s a
dilu
ent
•In
duce
vom
iting
with
fing
er d
own
thro
at–
Do
not u
se ip
ecac
to in
duce
vom
iting
•S
eek
med
ical
atte
ntio
n•
Rep
ort a
ll ex
posu
res
to s
uper
visi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r68
4.2.
6 F
irst A
id
NTO
Inge
stio
n•
Hav
e vi
ctim
drin
k la
rge
amou
nts
of w
ater
.–
Use
milk
if a
vaila
ble.
•D
O N
OT
indu
ce v
omiti
ng.
•S
eek
med
ical
atte
ntio
n.•
Rep
ort a
ll ex
posu
res
to s
uper
visi
on.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r69
4.2.
6 F
irst A
id
Ski
n S
plas
h•
Mov
e th
e vi
ctim
from
the
cont
amin
ated
are
a–
Res
cuer
s in
pro
per P
PE
•R
emov
e vi
ctim
’s c
onta
min
ated
clo
thin
g an
d tre
at a
s ha
zard
ous
was
te•
Flus
h af
fect
ed a
rea(
s) w
ith w
ater
for 1
5-20
m
ins.
•S
eek
med
ical
atte
ntio
n•
Rep
ort a
ll ex
posu
res
to s
uper
visi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r70
4.2.
6 F
irst A
id
Eye
Spl
ash
•M
ove
the
vict
im fr
om th
e co
ntam
inat
ed a
rea
–R
escu
ers
in p
rope
r PP
E•
Flus
h ey
es w
ith la
rge
amou
nts
of w
ater
for
15-2
0 m
ins.
–O
ccas
iona
lly li
ft up
per a
nd lo
wer
eye
lids
•S
eek
med
ical
atte
ntio
n•
Rep
ort a
ll ex
posu
res
to s
uper
visi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r71
4.3
Med
ical
Atte
ntio
n
Bac
k, K
. C.,
V. L
. Car
ter,
and
A. A
. Tho
mas
. “O
ccup
atio
nal
Haz
ards
of M
issi
le O
pera
tions
with
Spe
cial
Reg
ard
to th
e H
ydra
zine
Pro
pella
nts.
”A
viat
ion,
Spa
ce, a
nd E
nviro
nmen
tal
Med
icin
e, A
pril
1978
, pp.
591
-598
.H
all,
A. H
. and
B. H
. Rum
ack
(edi
tors
). T
OM
ES
®In
form
atio
n S
yste
m.
Mic
rom
edex
, Inc
. E
ngle
woo
d, C
O (1
996)
. U
RL:
ht
tp://
ww
w.to
mes
cps.
com
. C
onta
ct in
form
atio
n ca
n be
obt
aine
d at
(800
) 525
-908
3.O
ccup
atio
nal H
ealth
Ser
vice
s, In
c. H
azar
dlin
e . N
ew Y
ork,
New
Y
ork:
Occ
upat
iona
l Hea
lth S
ervi
ces,
Inc.
, 198
7.A
rch
Che
mic
als,
Inc.
Em
erge
ncy
Line
(800
) 654
-691
1.•
MD
s an
d to
xico
logi
sts
avai
labl
e 24
/7M
issi
ssip
pi C
hem
ical
N2O
4M
SD
S
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r72
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
•R
eact
ivity
Haz
ard
•Fi
re H
azar
d•
Exp
losi
on H
azar
d•
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r73
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
ing
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
R
eact
ivit
yFi
reE
xplo
sion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r74
Phy
sica
l Pro
perti
es o
f NTO
Boi
ling
Poi
nt70
.1 ºF
(21.
2 ºC
)
Mel
ting
Poi
nt11
.8 ºF
(-11
.2 ºC
)
Liqu
id D
ensi
ty1.
43 g
/cm
3
Vap
or P
ress
ure
17.4
psi
a
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r75
Phy
sica
l Pro
perti
es o
f Hyd
razi
nes
Hyd
razi
neM
MH
Boi
ling
Poi
nt23
7 ºF
(113
ºC)
189
ºF (8
7.2
ºC)
Mel
ting
Poi
nt34
.7 ºF
(1.5
ºC)
-62.
3 ºF
(-52
ºC)
Liqu
id D
ensi
ty
1
.004
g/c
m3
0.87
g/c
m3
Vap
or P
ress
ure
0.96
psi
a3.
23 p
sia
(Sea
leve
l & 7
7 ºF
)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r76
Wha
t are
the
Haz
ards
?
Bot
h re
act w
ith m
any
met
allic
and
non
-m
etal
lic m
ater
ials
Loss
of f
unct
ion
Hea
tPre
ssure
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r77
5.0
Mat
eria
l Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
d
The
hydr
azin
esar
e st
rong
redu
cing
age
nts
•H
ouse
hold
exa
mpl
e: s
ilver
cle
aner
NTO
and
MO
Nar
e st
rong
oxi
dizi
ng a
gent
s•
Hou
seho
ld e
xam
ples
: bl
each
, hyd
roge
n pe
roxi
de (3
%)
Bot
h re
act w
ith m
any
met
allic
and
non
-m
etal
lic m
ater
ials
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r78
5.1
The
Haz
ard
Aris
es T
wo
Way
s
Mat
eria
l deg
rada
tion
•Th
e ef
fect
of t
he fl
uid
on th
e m
ater
ial
Flui
d co
mpo
sitio
n ch
ange
•Th
e ef
fect
of t
he m
ater
ial o
n th
e flu
id
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r79
5.1
Flu
id P
rope
rties
Pos
sibl
y A
ffect
ed b
y Fl
uid/
Mat
eria
l Int
erac
tions
Pur
ity o
r Ass
ay•
Sur
face
Cat
alyz
ed H
ydra
zine
dec
ompo
sitio
nN
on-v
olat
ile R
esid
ue (N
VR
) / P
artic
ulat
e Fo
rmat
ion
•M
etal
s–
Dis
solv
ed m
etal
s -I
ron
nitra
te o
r flo
w d
ecay
mat
eria
l–
Par
ticul
ate
•S
oftg
oods
–D
isso
lved
spe
cies
–P
artic
ulat
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r80
5.2
Fac
tors
Affe
ctin
g R
eact
ivity
Dur
atio
n of
exp
osur
eS
urfa
ce a
rea
cont
acte
dP
hase
(s) o
f flu
id p
rese
ntTe
mpe
ratu
reS
urfa
ce c
ondi
tion
•ox
ide
laye
r, co
atin
gs, c
onta
min
ants
, su
rface
fini
sh
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r81
5.2.
1 E
ffect
of T
empe
ratu
re o
n a
Rea
ctio
n R
ate
Tem
pera
ture
, K
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Rate, k
0.00
0
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.00
3
0.00
4
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r82
5.3
Mat
eria
l Pro
perti
es P
ossi
bly
Affe
cted
by
Flui
d/M
ater
ial I
nter
actio
ns
Sof
tgoo
ds•
Tens
ile, C
ompr
essi
ve
Stre
ngth
•H
ardn
ess
•M
ass
(wei
ght)
•V
isua
l App
eara
nce
•S
olub
ility
•E
mbr
ittle
men
t•
Tack
ines
s•
Per
mea
bilit
y•
Inst
abilit
y / I
mpa
ct
Sen
sitiv
ity
Met
als
/ Allo
ys•
Cor
rosi
on–
Gen
eral
ized
–P
ittin
g or
Loc
aliz
ed–
Stre
ss C
orro
sion
C
rack
ing
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r83
5.3.
1 N
itrat
ion
/ Ins
tabi
lity
WS
TF C
hem
istry
Lab
200
2•
Oxi
dize
r fum
e ho
odD
emon
stra
tion
of im
prop
er /
Inco
mpa
tible
PP
E•
Effe
ct o
f MO
N3
on L
atex
glo
ve
•S
how
mat
eria
l deg
rada
tion
afte
r exp
osur
eD
on’t
try th
is a
t hom
e.Fu
rther
test
ing
show
ed n
itrat
ion
of la
tex
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r84
5.3.
2 D
ruck
Pre
ssur
e Tr
ansd
ucer
Fai
lure
Impr
oved
Pilo
t Ope
rate
d V
alve
(IP
OV
) life
cyc
le te
st
with
MO
N3
•N
omin
al In
let P
ress
ure:
276
psi
a•
Val
ve o
pene
d &
clo
sed
in 8
0 m
s cy
cles
•~
36,0
00 c
ycle
s w
ere
com
plet
ed (8
0,00
0 pl
anne
d)S
yste
m in
let p
ress
ure
trans
duce
r fai
led
Loud
pop
hea
rd in
HFT
A C
ontro
l Roo
m
Oxi
dize
r was
rele
ased
insi
de te
st c
ell t
hen
flow
ed
outs
ide
Test
Cel
l was
sec
ured
and
shu
t dow
nA
ir H
andl
ers
wer
e sh
utdo
wn
No
inju
ries
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r85
Test
Cel
l 831
Man
ifold
Loc
atio
n
IPO
V T
est A
rticl
e
PT-
BB
322
~Loc
atio
n
Man
ifold
Lo
catio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r86
Man
ifold
& P
ress
ure
Tran
sduc
er
Orig
inal
Con
nect
ion
Loca
tion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r87
Pre
ssur
e Tr
ansd
ucer
Faile
d at
Wel
d Fu
sion
Zon
e
Sen
sor H
ousi
ng
(N
o E
vide
nce
of B
ulgi
ng)
Isol
atio
n D
iaph
ragm
Por
t H
ousi
ng
Sup
port
Bra
cket
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r88
Pre
ssur
e Tr
ansd
ucer
Sili
con
Sen
sor
Dia
phra
gm
PT
Ele
ctro
nics
H
ousi
ng
PT,
Med
ia
Hou
sing
Cav
ity F
iled
with
~0
.8 m
Lof
Sili
cone
O
il
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r89
5.3.
2 In
vest
igat
ion
Find
ings
Che
m L
ab b
eake
r tes
t ind
icat
es s
ilico
ne o
il is
not
co
mpa
tible
with
MO
N3
but r
eact
ion
is n
ot v
igor
ous
Ana
lysi
s of
bea
ker t
est r
esid
ue id
entif
ied
dini
troph
enol
, a s
hock
-sen
sitiv
e co
mpo
und
The
beak
er te
st o
f MO
N3
with
242
mg
of s
ilico
ne o
il pr
oduc
ed ~
37 m
g of
din
itrop
heno
lD
iaph
ragm
sho
wed
a fa
tigue
failu
reV
alve
hou
sing
sho
wed
one
tim
e du
ctile
failu
re
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r90
5.3
Mat
eria
l Pro
perti
es P
ossi
bly
Affe
cted
by
Flui
d/M
ater
ial I
nter
actio
ns
Sof
tgoo
ds•
Tens
ile, C
ompr
essi
ve
Stre
ngth
•H
ardn
ess
•M
ass
(wei
ght)
•V
isua
l App
eara
nce
•S
olub
ility
•E
mbr
ittle
men
t•
Tack
ines
s•
Per
mea
bilit
y•
Inst
abilit
y / I
mpa
ct
Sen
sitiv
ity
Met
als
/ Allo
ys•
Cor
rosi
on–
Gen
eral
ized
–P
ittin
g or
Loc
aliz
ed–
Stre
ss C
orro
sion
C
rack
ing
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r91
Cor
rosi
on in
NTO
Sys
tem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r92
5.4
Con
tam
inat
ion
of N
TO
NTO
alw
ays
cont
ains
trac
e w
ater
•C
ause
s fo
rmat
ion
of n
itric
(HN
O3)
and
nitr
ous
(HN
O2)
aci
ds•
Incr
ease
s co
rros
ion
rate
•A
nhyd
rous
NTO
wou
ld p
rese
nt fe
w c
ompa
tibili
ty
prob
lem
s to
met
als
Sys
tem
impu
ritie
s•
Cle
anin
g so
lven
ts, l
ubric
ants
, sof
tgoo
dm
ater
ials
Unp
assi
vate
dsy
stem
s ar
e su
bjec
t to
flow
de
cay
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r93
Term
inol
ogy
Flow
Dec
ay•
Nitr
ic a
cid
(HN
O3)
, whi
ch is
alw
ays
pres
ent i
n so
me
leve
l in
NTO
, dis
solv
es
iron
out o
f sta
inle
ss s
teel
s an
d ot
her i
ron
cont
aini
ng m
ater
ials
. Th
e iro
n ca
n be
de
posi
ted
in o
ther
par
ts o
f a s
yste
m a
s an
in
solu
ble
iron
nitra
te.
This
is k
now
n as
flo
w d
ecay
, bec
ause
it te
nds
to fo
rm in
or
ifice
s an
d fil
ters
dec
reas
ing
the
flow
th
roug
h th
em.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r94
Exa
mpl
e of
Flo
w D
ecay
Mat
eria
lIro
n N
itrat
e in
Val
ve T
hroa
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r95
5.4.
1 A
void
ing
Flow
Dec
ay
Mol
ecul
ar s
ieve
use
d su
cces
sful
ly
–P
orou
s ze
olite
pelle
ts•
Red
uces
wat
er c
onte
nt in
NTO
•A
lso
rem
oves
iron
from
NTO
Use
onl
y pa
ssiv
ated
mat
eria
ls in
st
orag
e an
d de
liver
y sy
stem
sA
void
wat
er c
onta
min
atio
n•
Mai
ntai
n in
ert g
as p
ad
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r96
5.5
Com
mon
Inte
ract
ions
of N
TO
Cor
rosi
on
Flow
Dec
ay
Sof
tgoo
dR
eact
ivity
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r97
5.5.
1 D
ecom
posi
tion
of N
TO
Hea
t will
push
the
N2O
42
NO
2eq
uilib
rium
to th
e rig
ht•
NTO
does
not
deco
mpo
se e
xoth
erm
ical
ly•
Can
not
lead
to a
ther
mal
runa
way
Unl
ike
the
hydr
azin
e fu
els,
NTO
will
not
cata
lytic
ally
dec
ompo
se•
NO
TE:
NTO
can
be c
onsu
med
by
a re
actio
n w
ith th
e m
ater
ial
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r98
5.6
Rea
ctio
ns o
f Hyd
razi
nes
Ther
mal
•D
ue to
ext
erna
l hea
t sou
rce
Cat
alyt
ic•
Due
to m
ater
ial i
ncom
patib
ility
Oxi
datio
n•
Oxi
dize
rs•
Met
al o
xide
s
Rea
ctio
ns a
re e
xoth
erm
ic
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r99
Term
inol
ogy
Ther
mal
Run
away
•A
n ex
othe
rmic
reac
tion
in w
hich
the
rate
of
heat
gen
erat
ion
exce
eds
the
rate
of h
eat
trans
fer t
o th
e su
rrou
ndin
gs.
The
incr
ease
d sy
stem
tem
pera
ture
lead
s to
an
incr
ease
d re
actio
n ra
te.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
0
5.6.
1 E
ffect
of T
empe
ratu
re o
n a
Rea
ctio
n R
ate
Tem
pera
ture
, K
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Rate, k
0.00
0
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.00
3
0.00
4
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
1
Asi
de
N2H
4(l)
1/3
N2(
g)+
4/3
NH
3(so
l)
∆H
= -1
40 k
J m
ole-1
(298
K)
N2H
4(g)+
O2(
g)N
2(g)
+ 2H
2O(g
)
∆H
= -5
77 k
J m
ole-1
(298
K)
Dec
ompo
sitio
n
Oxi
datio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
2
5.7
Con
tam
inat
ion
of H
ydra
zine
s
Wat
er•
Incr
ease
s co
rros
ion
rate
CO
2•
Form
s ca
rbaz
icac
id
•In
crea
ses
cata
lytic
dec
ompo
sitio
n•
Incr
ease
s co
rros
ion
rate
Sys
tem
impu
ritie
s•
Cle
anin
g so
lven
ts, l
ubric
ants
, sof
tgoo
dm
ater
ials
•C
an in
crea
se c
orro
sion
rate
O
NN
CO
H H
HH
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
3
Mil
itary
weath
er
sate
llit
ere
pair
ed
fo
r O
cto
ber
lift
off
BY
JU
STIN
RA
YS
PA
CEFLIG
HT N
OW
Post
ed:
June
27,
2002
With
its p
ropu
lsio
n sy
stem
repl
aced
afte
r an
acid
resi
due
ruin
ed it
s firs
t one
dur
ing
a ye
ar-lo
ng la
unch
dela
y, a
mili
tary
wea
ther
sate
llite
is re
ady
to b
egin
the
cam
paig
n fo
r an
Oct
ober
lifto
ff…
…. "
The
(des
truct
ive
phys
ical
ana
lysi
s) c
onfir
med
the
pres
ence
of c
arba
zic
acid
resi
due
(a b
y-pr
oduc
t of
hydr
azin
e an
d ai
r int
erac
tion)
con
tam
inat
ion
in e
ach
ofth
e th
rust
ers”
said
Col
. Ran
dy O
dle,
sys
tem
pro
gram
dire
ctor
for D
MSP
.
"App
aren
tly, a
ir w
as in
trodu
ced
into
the
thru
ster
s/pr
opul
sion
syst
em d
urin
g te
stin
g an
din
tera
cted
with
resi
dual
hyd
razi
ne re
mai
ning
from
the
hydr
azin
e de
fuel
ing
acco
mpl
ishe
d af
ter t
he Ja
nuar
y '0
1la
unch
abo
rt."T
he c
onta
min
atio
n fo
und
in th
e tw
o th
rust
ers a
lso
impl
icat
ed th
e re
mai
ning
two
thru
ster
s and
the
entir
e pr
opul
sion
sys
tem
. As s
uch,
we
deci
ded
to re
plac
e th
e hy
draz
ine-
cont
amin
ated
F-1
6pr
opul
sion
syst
em w
ith o
ne fr
om a
noth
er D
MSP
spac
ecra
ft."
Lifto
ff is
now
sche
dule
d fo
r Oct
ober
6.
A D
MSP w
eath
er s
atel
lite.
Photo
:Lo
ckhee
d M
artin
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
4
Term
inol
ogy
Stre
ss C
orro
sion
Cra
ckin
g•
Stre
ss c
orro
sion
cra
ckin
g is
ca
used
by
the
sim
ulta
neou
s ef
fect
s of
tens
ile s
tress
and
a
spec
ific
corr
osiv
e en
viro
nmen
t.
Stre
sses
may
be
due
to a
pplie
d lo
ads,
resi
dual
stre
sses
from
the
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
s, o
r a
com
bina
tion
of b
oth.
•M
cDan
els,
S. J
., "A
n O
verv
iew
of F
atig
ue a
nd O
ther
M
etal
lurg
ical
Fai
lure
Mod
es a
nd A
naly
sis
at th
e K
enne
dy
Spa
ce C
ente
r",
Fla
mm
abilit
y an
d S
ensi
tivity
of M
ater
ials
in
Oxy
gen-
Enr
iche
d A
tmos
pher
es: E
ight
Vol
ume,
AS
TM
STP
131
9, W
. T. R
oyal
s, T
. C. C
hou,
and
T.A
. Ste
inbe
rg,
Eds
., A
mer
ican
Soc
iety
for T
estin
g an
d M
ater
ials
, 199
7.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
5
5.8
STS
9 A
PU
Fire
Hyd
razi
ne le
akag
e 17
min
utes
afte
r AP
U s
tart
for
re
-ent
ryH
ydra
zine
acc
umul
ated
bet
wee
n va
lve
mou
ntin
g pl
ates
and
gas
gen
erat
or h
eat s
hiel
dH
ydra
zine
froz
e th
en m
elte
d du
ring
desc
ent
Fire
sta
rted
4 1/
2 m
inut
es p
rior t
o la
ndin
gD
ecom
posi
tion
prop
agat
ed th
roug
h su
pply
line
sA
PU
-1 a
nd A
PU
-2 s
hutd
own
7 &
10
min
utes
afte
r la
ndin
g
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
6
5.8.
1 S
TS 9
AP
U F
ire
Has
tello
y B
Str
ess
Cor
rosi
on C
rack
ing
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
7
5.9
Com
mon
Inte
ract
ions
of H
ydra
zine
s
Cor
rosi
on
Cat
alyt
ic D
ecom
posi
tion
Ther
mal
Run
away
Sof
tgoo
dR
eact
ivity
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
8
5.10
Ove
rall
Haz
ards
from
Mat
eria
l /
Flui
d R
eact
ions
Failu
re /
loss
of f
unct
ion
•Fl
uid,
com
pone
nt, o
r sys
tem
Loss
of f
luid
con
tain
men
t•
Per
sonn
el e
xpos
ure
•Fi
re•
Rap
id U
nsch
edul
ed D
isas
sem
bly
Eve
nt
(RU
DE
)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r10
9
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
d•
Fire
Haz
ard
•E
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
•H
yper
gol P
rope
rties
, R
efer
ence
s &
Oth
er
Info
rmat
ion
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
0
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
ing
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Rea
ctiv
ity
Fire
Exp
losi
on
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
1
Wha
t is
the
Haz
ard?
H
EAT!
Not
whe
re y
ou w
ant.
Not
whe
n yo
u w
ant.
Not
at t
he ra
te y
ou w
ant.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
2
Term
inol
ogy
Fire •S
usta
ined
bur
ning
, as
man
ifest
ed b
y an
y or
all
of th
e fo
llow
ing:
lig
ht, f
lam
e, h
eat,
and
smok
e (A
STM
E 1
76-9
0).
Com
bust
ion
•A
che
mic
al p
roce
ss (a
s an
oxi
datio
n)
acco
mpa
nied
by
the
evol
utio
n of
ligh
t and
he
at.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
3
6.0
Fire
Haz
ard
With
hyp
ergo
ls,
the
fam
iliar f
ire
trian
gle
does
no
t nec
essa
rily
appl
y.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
4
6.1
Fire
Haz
ard
Hyd
razi
ne fu
els
can
deco
mpo
se
exot
herm
ical
ly
with
out t
he
pres
ence
of a
n ox
idiz
er.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
5
6.2
Fire
Haz
ard
As
prev
ious
ly
disc
usse
d,
hydr
azin
e fu
els
are
hype
rgol
icw
ith N
TOan
d ot
her o
xidi
zers
an
d do
not
requ
ire
an e
xter
nal
igni
tion
sour
ce
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
6
6.3
Fire
Haz
ard
NTO
is a
n ox
idiz
er, s
o an
y m
ater
ial i
t co
ntac
ts is
a
pote
ntia
l fue
l.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
7
6.4
Fire
Haz
ard
NTO
is c
hem
ical
ly s
tabl
e,
nonf
lam
mab
le, a
nd n
onde
tona
ble
NTO
does
not
exo
ther
mic
ally
de
com
pose
The
pote
ntia
l for
fire
or e
xplo
sion
aris
es
only
whe
n N
TOm
ixes
with
co
mbu
stib
les
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
8
NTO
Rel
ease
Mat
eria
lsC
onta
cted
?H
yper
golic
Mat
eria
ls?
Com
bust
ible
Mat
eria
ls?
Phy
sica
lS
tate
of
Mat
eria
l?
Gas
/Vap
orLi
quid
/Sol
id
Fire
and
/or
Exp
losi
on
Flam
mab
leM
ixtu
re?
“Fav
orab
le”
Con
ditio
ns?
Igni
tion
Sou
rce
Pre
sent
?
Fire
and
/or
Exp
losi
on
N
Y
NN
N
N
YY Y
Y
Y
Env
ironm
enta
l Con
tam
inat
ion
Spi
ll C
lean
Up
Fire
Sup
pres
sion
Mat
eria
l Dec
onta
min
atio
nR
epor
t Rel
ease
N
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r11
9
6.5
Fire
Haz
ard
Hyd
razi
ne fu
els
burn
in th
e va
por p
hase
ar
ound
the
liqui
d, a
s w
ell a
s in
mis
t, dr
ople
t, an
d sp
ray
form
sM
ust m
eet t
he c
riter
ia fo
r a fi
re d
epen
ding
on
the
form
of t
he fu
el
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
0
Term
inol
ogy
Flas
h P
oint
•Th
e lo
wes
t tem
pera
ture
at w
hich
the
liqui
d gi
ves
off e
noug
h va
por t
o fo
rm a
n ig
nita
ble
mix
ture
at o
r nea
r the
sur
face
(Sax
198
4)Fi
re P
oint
•Th
e lo
wes
t tem
pera
ture
at w
hich
fire
co
ntin
uous
ly b
urns
, in
still
air,
ove
r a li
quid
su
rface
upo
n ex
posu
re to
an
igni
tion
sour
ce (S
cott,
Bur
ns, L
ewis
194
9)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
1
6.5.
1 F
lash
Poi
nts
•H
Z:
124
o F(5
1 o C
)•
MM
H:
70 o F
(21
o C)
•U
DM
H:
5 o F
(-15
o C)
•N
TO:
Non
flam
mab
le•
MO
NX
:N
onfla
mm
able
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
2
Term
inol
ogy
Vap
or P
ress
ure
•Th
e pr
essu
re o
f the
vap
or in
equ
ilibr
ium
w
ith th
e liq
uid
phas
e–
Is a
func
tion
of te
mpe
ratu
re
•Th
e bo
iling
poi
nt is
the
tem
pera
ture
at
whi
ch th
e va
por p
ress
ure
equa
ls a
mbi
ent
pres
sure
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
3
6.5.
1 F
ire C
riter
ia -
Vap
or
Igni
tion
sour
ce o
f suf
ficie
nt e
nerg
yM
ixtu
re is
with
in fl
amm
able
lim
its•
HZ:
4.
7-10
0% b
y vo
l. in
air
•M
MH
:2.
5 -9
8% b
y vo
l. in
air
•U
DM
H:
2 -
95%
by
vol.
in a
ir•
NTO
:N
onfla
mm
able
•M
ON
X:
Non
flam
mab
le
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
4
6.5.
1.1
Fla
mm
abili
ty L
imits
in A
ir
010
2030
4050
6070
8090
100
Met
hane
Pro
pane
Hyd
roge
n
Hyd
razi
ne
MM
H
UD
MHFl
amm
able
Reg
ion
% V
olum
e Fu
el in
Air
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
5
Vap
or P
ress
ure
and
Flam
mab
le R
egio
ns
Tem
pera
ture
, ο F
-50
-25
025
5075
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
Vapor Pressure (psia)
02468101214H
ydra
zine
MM
HU
DM
H
Flam
mab
le R
egio
n
Boi
ling
Poi
nt
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
6
6.5.
2 F
ire C
riter
ia -
Liqu
id
Igni
tion
sour
ce o
f suf
ficie
nt e
nerg
yLi
quid
is a
t or a
bove
its
fire
poin
t•
HZ:
12
4 o F
(51
o C)
•M
MH
:70
o F(2
1 o C
)•
UD
MH
:5
o F(-
15 o C
) •
NTO
:N
onfla
mm
able
•M
ON
X:
Non
flam
mab
le
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
7
Term
inol
ogy
Sto
ichi
omet
ry•
The
prop
ortio
n of
sub
stan
ces
exac
tly ri
ght
for a
spe
cific
che
mic
al re
actio
n w
ith n
o ex
cess
of a
ny re
acta
nt o
r pro
duct
.
Sto
ichi
omet
ricC
ombu
stio
n•
The
burn
ing
of fu
el a
nd o
xidi
zer i
n th
e ex
act p
ropo
rtion
s re
quire
d fo
r com
plet
e re
actio
n to
giv
e a
set o
f pro
duct
s.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
8
Hyd
razi
ne S
toic
hiom
etry
Hyd
razi
ne /
Oxy
gen
N2H
4+
O2
2 H
2O +
N2
–50
% N
2H4
by
mas
s–
50%
N2H
4 b
y vo
lum
e
Hyd
razi
ne /
Air
0.21
N2H
4+
0.21
O2
+ 0.
79 N
22
(0.2
1) H
2O +
N2
–18
.9%
N2H
4 b
y m
ass
–17
.4%
N2H
4 b
y vo
lum
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r12
9
MM
H S
toic
hiom
etry
MM
H /
Oxy
gen
CH
3N2H
3+
2.5
O2
3 H
2O +
CO
2+
N2
–36
.6%
MM
Hby
mas
s–
28.6
% M
MH
by v
olum
e
MM
H /
Air
0.21
CH
3N2H
3+
2.5
(0.2
1 O
2+
0.79
N2)
3
(0.2
1) H
2O +
0.2
1 C
O2
+ 2.
5 (0
.79)
N2
–11
.8%
N2H
4 b
y m
ass
–7.
8% N
2H4
by
volu
me
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
0
6.6
Fire
Haz
ard
One
of t
he m
ain
crite
ria fo
r a fi
re is
an
igni
tion
sour
ce o
f suf
ficie
nt e
nerg
y
Wha
t are
pos
sibl
e ig
nitio
n so
urce
s?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
1
6.6.
1 Ig
nitio
n S
ourc
es
Mat
eria
l•
Cat
alys
is•
Oxi
datio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
2
6.6.
2 Ig
nitio
n S
ourc
es
E
lect
rical
•S
tatic
dis
char
ge•
Ele
ctric
al s
hort
circ
uits
, arc
s , a
nd s
park
s•
Ligh
tnin
g
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
3
Min
imum
Igni
tion
Ene
rgy
Sys
tem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
4
6.6.
2.1
Min
imum
Igni
tion
Ene
rgie
s
Hyd
razi
ne•
2.5
mill
iJou
les
MM
H•
2.8
mill
iJou
les
(2.2
vol
ume
perc
ent)
UD
MH
•2.
7 m
illiJ
oule
s(4
.3 v
olum
e pe
rcen
t)P
ropa
ne•
0.3
mill
iJou
les
(5.0
vol
ume
perc
ent)
You
wal
king
on
a ca
rpet
can
gen
erat
e a
10 m
illijo
ule
spar
k
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
5
6.6.
2.2
Igni
tion
Ene
rgy
Nom
ogra
ph
Sou
rce:
T. B
. Jon
esU
nive
rsity
of R
oche
ster
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
6
6.6.
2.3
Ele
ctric
al Ig
nitio
n S
ourc
es
Ele
ctric
ally
gro
und
fuel
sys
tem
s24
VD
C is
pre
ferr
ed to
110
VA
CU
se e
xplo
sion
pro
of d
evic
es a
nd
conn
ecto
rs o
r pla
ce e
lect
rical
eq
uipm
ent i
n ex
plos
ion
proo
f con
tain
ers
•se
aled
or i
nert
gas
purg
ed b
ox
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
7
6.6.
3 Ig
nitio
n S
ourc
es
Ther
mal
•O
pen
flam
es•
Hot
sur
face
s•
Exp
losi
ve c
harg
es (e
.g. p
yrov
alve
s)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
8
6.6.
4 F
ire F
ight
ing
Car
bon
diox
ide
Wat
erD
ry c
hem
ical
(mon
oam
mon
ium
phos
phat
e)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r13
9
Use
coa
rse
wat
er s
pray
to d
ilute
sou
rce,
kn
ock
dow
n va
pors
, and
ext
ingu
ish
flam
esA
ttem
pt to
shu
t off
flow
of a
ny le
akin
g pr
opel
lant
-C
AU
TIO
N
Coo
l exp
osed
sto
rage
ves
sels
and
pi
ping
con
tain
ing
prop
ella
ntB
uild
dik
es to
con
tain
flui
ds if
pos
sibl
e
6.6.
4.1
Fire
Fig
htin
g
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
0
6.6.
4.2
Fire
Fig
htin
g
By
way
of c
ompa
rison
and
co
ntra
dict
ion,
a h
yper
golf
ire (b
oth
spec
ies
pres
ent)
cann
ot b
e ex
tingu
ishe
d w
ithou
t rem
ovin
g on
e or
th
e ot
her s
peci
es.
Q
G-2
50-K
SC
vid
eo -
“Hyp
ergo
lic F
ire
Sup
pres
sion
”
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
1
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
d•
Exp
losi
on H
azar
d•
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
2
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
ing
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Rea
ctiv
ityFi
reE
xplo
sion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
3
Wha
t is
the
Haz
ard?
Pre
ssure
PA
rea
= Fo
rce
Forc
e =
mas
s ac
cele
ratio
nac
cele
ratin
g m
ass
= R
UD
E
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
4
Term
inol
ogy
Exp
losi
on•
A ra
pid
equi
libra
tion
of p
ress
ure
betw
een
a sy
stem
and
its
surr
ound
ings
that
can
pr
oduc
e a
shoc
k w
ave.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
5
Exp
losi
on
“I
don’
t car
e w
hat y
ou c
all i
t,
the
@#$
% th
ing
blew
up!
”
-W
itnes
s to
an
expl
osio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
6
7.0
Exp
losi
on H
azar
d
Exp
losi
ons
invo
lvin
g th
e hy
draz
ine
fuel
s ca
n oc
cur t
hree
way
s:1
) The
rmal
runa
way
–Ex
tern
al h
eat s
ourc
e (fi
re o
r oth
er)
–H
eat g
ener
atio
n fro
m d
ecom
posi
tion
•In
com
patib
le m
ater
ials
•R
apid
com
pres
sion
2) D
efla
grat
ion
3) D
eton
atio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
7
7.1.
1 T
herm
al R
unaw
ay T
est
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
8
7.1.
2 T
herm
al R
unaw
ay D
ebris
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r14
9
7.1.
3 T
herm
oche
mic
alR
unaw
ay
Typi
cal p
ress
ure-
time
prof
ile fo
r con
fined
ther
mal
runa
way
.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
0
7.1.
4 R
apid
Com
pres
sion
Liqu
id fl
ow in
a s
yste
m c
an c
ompr
ess
ulla
gega
s, v
apor
, and
/or f
roth
form
ed a
t th
e liq
uid/
gas
inte
rface
sW
hen
com
pres
sion
is ra
pid,
hot
spo
ts c
an
form
acc
eler
atin
g hy
draz
ine
deco
mpo
sitio
nH
ydra
zine
reac
tion
can
be e
xplo
sive
and
ca
use
syst
em d
amag
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
1
7.1.
4.1
Fac
tors
Affe
ctin
g R
apid
Com
pres
sion
Sur
ge p
ress
ure
•Fl
uid
velo
city
•U
llage
gas
•U
llage
gas
pres
sure
•U
llage
gas
volu
me
(line
leng
th)
•C
onfin
emen
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
2
7.1.
4.2
Sam
e M
echa
nism
?
Exp
losi
ve
disc
harg
es fr
om
pyro
valv
esha
ve
resu
lted
in
expl
osio
ns s
imila
r to
thos
e ob
serv
ed fr
om
rapi
d co
mpr
essi
on
even
ts
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
3
7.2
Exp
losi
on H
azar
ds
The
othe
r tw
o pr
oces
ses
that
can
cau
se
an e
xplo
sion
are
def
lagr
atio
n an
d de
tona
tion
•D
efla
grat
ion
is s
ubso
nic
•D
eton
atio
n is
sup
erso
nic
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
4
7.2.
1 D
efla
grat
ion
-Wha
t’s th
e H
azar
d?
Fire
Res
ultin
g pr
essu
re c
an b
e 5
to 1
0 tim
es
the
initi
al p
ress
ure
Con
finem
ent c
an le
ad to
an
expl
osio
nC
an tr
ansi
tion
to d
eton
atio
n un
der
certa
in c
ondi
tions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
5
7.2.
2 D
eton
atio
n -W
hat’s
the
Haz
ard?
Ver
y ra
pid
pres
sure
incr
ease
•
Rel
ief p
rote
ctio
n ca
nnot
resp
ond
Res
ultin
g pr
essu
re c
an b
e 18
to 2
8 tim
es th
e in
itial
pre
ssur
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
6
7.2.
2.1
Hyp
ergo
l Det
onab
ility
NTO
vapo
r is
deto
nabl
e w
ith o
ther
non
-hy
perg
olic
fuel
sN
TOliq
uid
is n
onde
tona
ble
Hyd
razi
ne, M
MH
, and
UD
MH
vapo
rs w
ill
deto
nate
und
er c
erta
in c
ondi
tions
Liqu
id h
ydra
zine
and
MM
Hha
ve n
ot b
een
show
n to
be
deto
nabl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
7
Exa
mpl
e
Det
onat
ion
Pre
ssur
e P
rofil
e fo
r
Hyd
razi
ne/H
eliu
m (2
0/80
) at 1
atm
and
400
K
-20020406080100
120
140
160
180 1.
451.
51.
551.
61.
651.
71.
751.
8
Tim
e (m
illis
econ
ds)
Amplitude (psi)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
8
7.2.
2.2.
1 M
CG
T P
hoto
s
Test
Arti
cle
Neg
ativ
e R
esul
t
Pos
itive
Res
ult
(Nitr
omet
hane
)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r15
9
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
•H
yper
gol P
rope
rties
, R
efer
ence
s &
Oth
er
Info
rmat
ion
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
0
8.0
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es a
nd
Oth
er In
form
atio
n
See
the
Pro
perti
es &
Oth
erTa
ble
in
cour
se b
ook.
HZ
MM
HU
DM
HN
TO
Che
mic
al F
orm
ula
N2H
4C
H3N
2H3
(CH
3)2N
2H2
N2O
4
Boi
ling
Poin
t23
7.5
o F18
9.79
o F14
4.45
o F70
.1 o F
Liqu
id D
ensi
ty1.
004
g/cm
3
(62.
68 lb
/ft3 )
0.87
02 g
/cm
3
(50.
397
lb/ft
3 )
0.78
61 g
/cm
3
(49.
07 lb
/ft3 )
1.43
3 g/
cm3
(89.
52 lb
/ft3 )
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
1
8.1
Oth
er R
efer
ence
s
Arc
h C
hem
ical
s, In
c.•
Olin
spi
n-of
f whi
ch m
anuf
actu
res
the
hydr
azin
es.
•S
ee w
ww
.arc
hche
mic
als.
com
Vic
ksbu
rg C
hem
ical
Co.
(for
mer
man
uf.)
•Fi
led
for C
hapt
er 1
1 in
Mar
ch 2
002
Mis
siss
ippi
Che
mic
al C
o. (c
urre
nt m
anuf
.)
Def
ense
Ene
rgy
Sup
port
Cen
ter (
DE
SC
)•
See
ww
w.d
esc.
dla.
mil
•E
mai
l to
mis
sile
fuel
sinf
o@dl
a.m
il•
(210
) 925
-248
8 –
tech
nica
l inf
o•
(210
) 925
-995
0 –
gene
ral i
nfo
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
2
8.1.
1 O
ther
Ref
eren
ces
AIA
A S
peci
al R
epor
t SP
-084
-199
9: F
ire, E
xplo
sion
, C
ompa
tibili
ty, a
nd S
afet
y H
azar
ds o
f Hyp
ergo
ls -
Hyd
razi
neA
IAA
Spe
cial
Rep
ort S
P-0
85-1
999:
Fire
, Exp
losi
on,
Com
patib
ility
, and
Saf
ety
Haz
ards
of H
yper
gols
-M
onom
ethy
lhyd
razi
neA
IAA
Spe
cial
Rep
ort S
P-0
86-2
001:
Fire
, Exp
losi
on,
Com
patib
ility
, and
Saf
ety
Haz
ards
of N
itrog
en T
etro
xide
•A
vaila
ble
as P
DF
or h
ardc
opy
at h
ttp://
stor
e.ai
aa.o
rg/
–C
ost i
s $4
9.95
($39
.95
mem
bers
)•
Free
to N
AS
A p
erso
nnel
and
NA
SA
.gov
cont
ract
ors
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
3
ww
w.s
tand
ards
.nas
a.go
v
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
4
8.2
Flu
id S
peci
ficat
ions
Mos
t spe
cific
atio
ns a
re b
ased
on
Mili
tary
Spe
cific
atio
ns•
MIL
-PR
F-26
536E
(Hyd
razi
ne)
•M
IL-P
RF-
2740
4B (M
MH
)•
MIL
-PR
F-25
604C
(UD
MH
)•
MIL
-PR
F-26
539D
(NTO
)•
Upd
ated
eve
ry 5
yea
rs, r
evie
w p
roce
ss
requ
ires
~1 y
ear
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
5
8.2
Flu
id S
peci
ficat
ions
Mili
tary
Spe
cific
atio
ns
Shu
ttle
Spa
ce S
tatio
n
SE
-S-0
073
SS
P-3
0573
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
6
8.2
Flu
id S
peci
ficat
ions
Wha
t is
cove
red?
•A
ssay
or p
urity
•C
once
ntra
tions
of c
omm
on c
onta
min
ants
•
App
eara
nce
requ
irem
ents
•A
llow
able
rang
es o
f add
itive
s•
Som
e co
ntam
inan
ts o
f con
cern
may
not
be
cove
red
May
als
o in
clud
e:•
Diff
eren
t gra
des
of p
rope
llant
s•
The
sugg
este
d m
etho
d of
ana
lysi
s, c
alcu
latio
n,
and
repo
rting
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
7
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
8
8.2.
1 F
luid
Spe
cific
atio
n-H
ydra
zine
Prop
ertie
sSt
anda
rdG
rade
Mon
opro
pella
ntG
rade
Hig
hPu
rtiy
Gra
deH
ydra
zine
(% b
y w
t)98
min
98.5
min
99.0
min
Wat
er (%
by
wt)
1.5
max
1.0
max
0.5
– 1.
0A
mm
onia
(% b
y w
t)---
---0.
3 m
axPa
rtic
ulat
e (m
g / L
)10
max
1.0
max
1.0
max
Chl
orid
e (%
by
wt)
---0.
0005
max
0.00
05m
axA
nilin
e (%
by
wt)
---0.
50 m
ax0.
003
max
Iron
(% b
y w
t)---
0.00
2 m
ax0.
0004
max
Non
volit
ile R
esid
ue (%
by
wt)
---0.
005
max
0.00
1 m
axC
arbo
n di
oxid
e (%
by
wt)
---0.
003
max
0.00
3 m
axO
VCM
---0.
02 m
ax0.
005
max
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r16
9
8.2.
2 F
luid
Spe
cific
atio
n -M
MH
Pro
perti
esLi
mits
Mon
omet
hylh
ydra
zine
(% b
y w
t)98
.3 m
in
Wat
er(%
by
wt)
1.5
max
Par
ticul
ate
(mill
igra
ms
per l
iter)
10 m
ax
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
0
8.2.
3 F
luid
Spe
cific
atio
n -U
DM
H
Pro
perty
Lim
it
UD
MH
(% b
y w
eigh
t)98
min
Wat
er (%
by
wei
ght)
0.3
max
Am
ines
(% b
y w
eigh
t)1.
5 m
ax
N-N
itros
odim
ethy
lam
ine
(% b
y w
eigh
t)0.
01 m
ax
Chl
orid
e (%
by
wei
ght)
0.00
3 m
ax
Den
sity
(g/m
L)0.
795
to 0
.797
Par
ticul
ate
(mg/
L)10
max
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
1
8.2.
4 F
luid
Spe
cific
atio
n -M
ON
3
Pro
perty
Lim
its
N2O
4 Ass
ay (%
by
wei
ght)
---
NO
Ass
ay (%
by
wei
ght)
2.5
min
to 3
.0 m
ax
N2O
4 + N
O (%
by
wei
ght)
99.5
min
Wat
er E
quiv
alen
t (%
by
wei
ght)
0.17
max
Chl
orid
e C
onte
nt (%
by
wei
ght)
0.04
0 m
ax
Iron
Con
tent
(ppm
)1.
0 m
ax
Non
vola
tile
Res
idue
10 m
g / l
iter
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
2
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
–D
esig
n–
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
3
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks
Prim
ary
(Eng
inee
ring)
Con
trols
•D
esig
n•
Bui
ld U
p•
Ope
ratio
nS
econ
dary
Con
trols
•P
erso
nal P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t (P
PE
)•
Det
ecto
rs/M
onito
rs
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
4
9.0
Des
ign
Con
trols
Siti
ngP
aper
wor
kH
ardw
are
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
5
9.1
Siti
ng (
Whe
re d
o w
e pu
t it?
)
Obj
ectiv
e/m
issi
onLi
fe s
pan
Qua
ntiti
esW
ind
corr
idor
Acc
ess
cont
rols
Em
erge
ncy
Equ
ipm
ent
Igni
tion
Sou
rces
Fire
Pro
tect
ion
Sec
onda
ry
Con
tain
men
tS
hock
/ V
ibra
tion
Isol
atio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
6
9.1.
1 O
bjec
tive
/ Mis
sion
Wha
t mus
t the
sys
tem
do?
•W
hat r
esou
rces
are
requ
ired?
•W
hat i
nfra
stru
ctur
e is
requ
ired
to s
uppo
rt?W
hat i
s th
e in
tend
ed u
se?
•Fu
el o
r oxi
dize
r or b
oth?
•O
ne s
hot o
r con
tinuo
us u
se?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
7
9.1.
2 L
ife S
pan
How
long
is th
e sy
stem
goi
ng to
be
in
serv
ice?
•Te
mpo
rary
sys
tem
s te
nd to
last
long
er th
an
the
engi
neer
s th
at d
esig
n th
em
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
8
9.1.
3 Q
uant
ities
Wha
t qua
ntiti
es o
f pro
pella
nts
are
to b
e us
ed?
•La
b sc
ale
vspr
oduc
tion
scal
e
Wha
t are
the
quan
tity-
dist
ance
re
quire
men
ts?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r17
9
9.1.
4 W
ind
Cor
ridor
Wha
t are
the
prev
ailin
g w
inds
?E
stab
lish
a sa
fe w
ind
corri
dor t
o en
sure
pe
rson
nel w
ill no
t be
expo
sed
to
rele
ased
vap
ors
•W
ind
spee
d an
d di
rect
ion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
0
9.1.
5 A
cces
s C
ontro
ls
Hyp
ergo
l sys
tem
s sh
ould
be
loca
ted
in
area
s th
at o
ffer
cont
rolle
d-ac
cess
ent
ry
Acc
ess
cont
rols
incl
ude
barr
icad
es, e
xclu
sion
ar
eas,
pub
lic a
ddre
ss
anno
unce
men
ts, a
nd
war
ning
sig
ns, l
ight
s,
and/
or s
irens
Are
a A
cces
s C
ontr
ol L
ight
& S
ign
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
1
9.1.
6 E
mer
genc
y E
quip
men
t
Em
erge
ncy
show
er,
eyew
ash,
bre
athi
ng-a
ir so
urce
, ala
rm
activ
atio
n, a
nd fi
re
supp
ress
ion
syst
ems
shou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
near
hyp
ergo
lsys
tem
s
•If
it’s
not c
lose
by
then
it
won
’t ge
t use
d
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
2
9.1.
7 F
ire P
rote
ctio
n
Inco
rpor
ate
fire
alar
ms,
fire
and
/or
smok
e de
tect
ors,
and
fire
ext
ingu
ishe
r sy
stem
s in
to th
e fa
cilit
y or
sys
tem
de
sign
•M
ust k
now
whe
n an
d ho
w to
use
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
3
9.1.
8 Ig
nitio
n S
ourc
es
In la
ying
out
the
faci
lity/
syst
em d
esig
n,
keep
igni
tion
sour
ces
away
from
hyp
ergo
lsy
stem
s an
d hy
perg
olve
nts
•O
pen
flam
es•
Hot
sur
face
s•
Spa
rks,
arc
s, e
lect
rical
dis
char
ges
•In
com
patib
le m
ater
ials
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
4
9.1.
9 S
econ
dary
Con
tain
men
t
Incl
ude
prov
isio
ns fo
r sec
onda
ry c
onta
inm
ent o
f hy
perg
ols
arou
nd s
tora
ge s
yste
ms
and
test
sy
stem
sC
onta
inm
ent s
houl
dbe
suf
ficie
nt to
ca
ptur
e an
y re
leas
ed li
quid
and
an
app
ropr
iate
vo
lum
e of
wat
er
to d
ilute
the
spill
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
5
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
6
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
7
9.0
Des
ign
Con
trols
Siti
ngP
aper
wor
kH
ardw
are
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
8
9.2
Pap
erw
ork
(How
do
we
desc
ribe
it?)
Des
ign
Rev
iew
sFa
ilure
Mod
es E
ffect
s A
naly
sis
(FM
EA
)H
azar
ds A
naly
sis
Sys
tem
Saf
ety
Ana
lysi
s R
eadi
ness
Rev
iew
sP
roce
ss S
afet
y M
anag
emen
t (P
SM
)P
roce
dure
s•
Bui
ld u
p
•M
aint
enan
ce•
Ope
ratin
g
•
Em
erge
ncy
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r18
9
9.2.
1 F
ME
A P
urpo
se
Ens
ures
sys
tem
s ar
e de
sign
ed s
uch
that
, at a
m
inim
um, t
wo
com
pone
nts
mus
t fai
l to
prod
uce
a ha
zard
ous
situ
atio
n (s
ingl
e fa
ult t
oler
ant)
In c
ase
of p
ower
loss
, ass
ures
that
val
ves
fail
in a
saf
e m
ode
to c
onta
in p
rope
llant
or v
ent
syst
em p
ress
ure
Des
ign
the
syst
em to
pre
clud
e en
trapm
ent o
f liq
uid
prop
ella
nt in
low
poi
nts
or in
pla
ces
that
ca
nnot
be
purg
ed o
r eva
cuat
ed
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
0
FME
A E
xam
ple
MM
H
CO
LDTR
AP
FAC
ILIT
YG
AS S
OU
RC
ETO
SC
RU
BBER
PY
RO
VA
LVE
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
1
FME
A E
xam
ple
CO
MPO
NEN
TFA
ILU
RE
FAIL
UR
EC
OR
REC
TIVE
AC
TIO
NM
OD
EEF
FEC
TA
ND
REM
AR
KS
CV-
8OX-
BF1
1Fa
ils O
pen
/Lo
ss o
f iso
latio
n…
……
…Le
aks
Inte
rnal
lyfr
om o
x dr
ain
syst
em
Fails
Clo
sed
Una
ble
to v
ent s
yste
m…
……
…th
roug
h th
is v
alve
Leak
s Ex
tern
ally
Vent
s ox
idiz
er to
…
……
…ce
ll at
mos
pher
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
2
Res
ultin
g D
esig
n C
hang
e
MM
H
CO
LDTR
AP
FAC
ILIT
YG
AS S
OU
RC
E
PY
RO
VA
LVE
TO
SCR
UBB
ER
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
3
9.2.
2 P
roce
ss S
afet
y M
anag
emen
t29
CFR
191
0.11
9
Pur
pose
is to
pre
vent
or m
inim
ize
the
cons
eque
nces
of c
atas
troph
ic re
leas
es o
f to
xic,
reac
tive,
flam
mab
le, o
r exp
losi
ve
chem
ical
s.
Thre
shol
d qu
aniti
ties
•U
DM
H10
00 lb
s
•M
MH
100
lbs
•H
ydra
zine
-not
list
ed (a
ssum
ed 1
00 lb
s)•
NTO
250
lbs
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
4
9.2.
2.2
PS
M E
lem
ents
Em
ploy
ee P
artic
ipat
ion
Pro
cess
Saf
ety
Info
.P
roce
ss H
azar
d A
naly
sis
Ope
ratin
g P
roce
dure
sTr
aini
ngC
ontra
ctor
sP
re-S
tartu
p S
afet
y R
evie
w
Mec
hani
cal I
nteg
rity
Hot
-Wor
k P
erm
itM
anag
emen
t of
Cha
nge
Inci
dent
Inve
stig
atio
nE
mpl
oyee
Pla
nnin
g &
R
espo
nse
Com
plia
nce
Aud
itsTr
ade
Sec
rets
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
5
9.0
Des
ign
Con
trols
Siti
ngP
aper
wor
kH
ardw
are
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
6
9.3
Har
dwar
e (W
hat d
o w
e us
e?)
Com
patib
le M
ater
ials
•M
etal
s•
Sof
tgoo
ds•
Lubr
ican
tsC
ompo
nent
s•
Var
ious
type
sS
tora
ge a
nd T
rans
port
Con
tain
ers
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
7
9.3.
A M
ater
ial C
ompa
tibilit
y
The
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
Ass
essm
ent
Test
Met
hods
Mat
eria
ls fo
r Hyp
ergo
l Ser
vice
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
8
9.3.
A.1
Wha
t is
a M
ater
ial C
ompa
tibili
ty
Ass
essm
ent?
A s
yste
mat
ic c
onsi
dera
tion
of h
ow a
m
ater
ial w
ould
be u
sed
and
whe
ther
it
shou
ldbe
use
d in
con
tact
with
a
reac
tive
fluid
, bas
ed o
n ex
perie
nce
and
appl
icab
le d
ata.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r19
9
9.3.
A.1
.1 W
hy P
erfo
rm a
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
A
sses
smen
t?
Hyd
razi
ne fu
els
and
NTO
reac
t with
m
any
mat
eria
ls th
at a
re d
esira
ble
from
a
desi
gn s
tand
poin
t.Th
e qu
estio
n of
ten
is n
ot, “
Will
they
re
act?
”but
rath
er, “
How
fast
?”A
mat
eria
l com
patib
ility
asse
ssm
ent
prov
ides
dat
a to
qua
ntify
the
rate
s an
d ty
pes
of re
actio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
0
9.3.
A.1
.2 E
lem
ents
of a
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
A
sses
smen
t
Mat
eria
l and
flui
d de
sign
atio
nsU
se e
nviro
nmen
t(s)
Pos
sibl
e flu
id/m
ater
ial i
nter
actio
nsC
andi
date
com
patib
ility
test
sA
naly
sis
of te
st re
sults
Fina
l com
patib
ility
asse
ssm
ent
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
1
9.3.
A.1
.3 M
ater
ial a
nd F
luid
Des
igna
tions
Man
ufac
ture
r / s
uppl
ier
Spe
cific
atio
n sh
eet
•N
orm
al ra
nge
of u
se s
peci
ficat
ions
Che
mic
al c
onst
ituen
ts /
form
ulat
ion
info
rmat
ion
Pro
cess
ing
para
met
ers
•H
eat t
reat
s, m
oldi
ng p
aram
eter
s, e
tc.
MS
DS
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
2
9.3.
A.1
.4 U
se E
nviro
nmen
ts
Tem
pera
ture
Pre
ssur
eFl
ow R
ate
Dur
atio
n of
Con
tact
Sur
face
Are
a / G
eom
etry
Wor
st-c
ase
Ext
rem
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
3
9.3.
A.1
.5 P
rope
rties
Pos
sibl
y A
ffect
ed b
y Fl
uid/
Mat
eria
l Int
erac
tions
Phy
sica
l Pro
perti
es•
Tens
ile, C
ompr
essi
ve S
treng
th•
Dim
ensi
onal
Cha
nges
, C
orro
sion
•V
isua
l App
eara
nce
•P
erm
eabi
lity
•W
eigh
t•
Har
dnes
s•
Sol
ubilit
y•
Mod
uli
•E
mbr
ittle
men
t•
Tack
ines
s
Che
mic
al P
rope
rties
•C
ompo
sitio
n C
hang
e•
Flam
mab
ility
•S
urfa
ce C
atal
ysis
•B
ulk
Dec
ompo
sitio
n•
NV
R D
evel
opm
ent
•P
artic
ulat
e D
evel
opm
ent
•O
utga
ssin
g•
Impa
ct S
ensi
tivity
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
4
9.3.
A.1
.6 C
andi
date
Com
patib
ility
Tes
ts
Exp
ose
mat
eria
l to
fluid
und
er a
ppro
pria
te
cond
ition
s•
Mea
sure
Pre
ssur
e•
Mea
sure
Hea
t / T
empe
ratu
re•
Cha
nges
in P
hysi
cal a
nd C
hem
ical
P
rope
rties
•M
easu
re C
orro
sion
Rat
es–
Ele
ctro
chem
istry
–P
ost t
est m
easu
rem
ents
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
5
9.3.
A.2
Sta
ndar
d C
ompa
tibilit
y Te
st
Met
hods
Diff
eren
tial P
ress
ure
Imm
ersi
on T
estin
g
Mic
roca
lorim
etry
Acc
eler
atin
g R
ate
Cal
orim
etry
(AR
C)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
6
9.3.
A.2
.1 D
iffer
entia
l Pre
ssur
e Im
mer
sion
Tes
ting
NA
SA
Tec
hnic
al S
tand
ard
6001
Tes
t 15
•S
cree
ning
Tes
t (“b
eake
r”te
st)
•Is
othe
rmal
imm
ersi
on a
t 71°
C (1
60 °
F)•
Mea
sure
pre
ssur
e of
sam
ple
and
refe
renc
e m
ater
ial
•P
ostte
st a
naly
sis
of m
ater
ial a
nd fl
uid
•R
epor
t res
ults
in s
yste
m in
depe
nden
t uni
ts–
Sta
ndar
d cm
3ga
s / c
m2
mat
eria
l –
Mas
s of
con
tam
inan
t in
fluid
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
7
Test
15
Sam
ples
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
8
Test
15
Sys
tem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r20
9
Iro
n P
ow
der
T
est
15
Tim
e,
Ho
urs
01
02
03
04
05
06
0
Temperature, CPressure, psi
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sa
mp
le P
ress
ure
Re
fere
nce
Pre
ssu
reT
em
pe
ratu
re
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
0
Gas
Gen
erat
ion
from
Tef
zel
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
1
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
2
9.3.
A.2
.2 P
ostte
st A
naly
sis
-Mat
eria
l
Vis
ual O
bser
vatio
ns•
Dis
colo
ratio
nM
ass,
Dim
ensi
ons
•S
wel
ling
Mec
hani
cal P
rope
rties
•H
ardn
ess
•
Tens
ile s
treng
th
•E
long
atio
n•
Com
pres
sion
set
•C
ompr
essi
ve s
treng
th
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
3
9.3.
A.2
.3 P
ostte
st A
naly
sis
-Flu
id
Col
or /
Cla
rity
Flui
d P
urity
Car
bon
Dio
xide
Non
-vol
atile
Res
idue
(NV
R)
Met
als
Hal
ides
-A
nion
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
4
Effe
ct o
f Tem
pera
ture
on
a R
eact
ion
Rat
e
Rai
se te
mpe
ratu
re to
mat
ch “w
orst
-ca
se”c
ondi
tions
Rai
se te
mpe
ratu
re to
acc
eler
ate
the
effe
ctTe
st a
t mul
tiple
tem
pera
ture
s to
de
term
ine
the
tem
pera
ture
dep
ende
nce
of a
reac
tion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
5
Effe
ct o
f Tem
pera
ture
on
a R
eact
ion
Rat
e
Arrh
eniu
sE
quat
ion:
Log
(ln) o
f bot
h si
des:
RTE a
Aek
=Te
mpe
ratu
re, K
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Rate, k
0.00
0
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.00
3
0.00
4
AT
REk
aln
1ln
+−
=10
000/
T
2426
2830
3234
3638
ln k-1
2
-11
-10-9-8-7-6-5
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
6
9.3.
A.2
.4 M
icro
calo
rimet
ry
Isot
herm
alM
easu
re h
eat f
low
from
sam
ple
to a
he
at s
ink
Sam
ple
size
up
to 3
0 m
LH
eat f
rom
reac
tion
of fl
uid
with
mat
eria
l
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
7
9.3.
A.2
.5 M
icro
calo
rimte
ry
Ultr
a-se
nsiti
ve, R
eal T
ime
Kin
etic
M
easu
rem
ents
Tem
pera
ture
Ran
ge 1
0 to
70
°CTh
erm
al A
ctiv
ity ±
2 µW
atts
Kin
etic
Par
amet
ers
Ea,
A24
Hou
rs /
Mea
sure
men
t on
3 sa
mpl
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
8
Mic
roca
lorim
eter
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r21
9
Mic
roca
lorim
eter
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
0
Mic
roca
l Dat
a Tr
ace
Tim
e, H
ours
05
1015
2025
Heat, µJ s-1
050100
150
200
250
300
350
400
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
1
Mic
roca
lorim
etry
Mea
sure
men
ts fo
r In
cone
l 600
Tim
e, D
ays
050
100
150
200
250
Heat Rate (µJ s-1
m-2
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
298
K31
3 K
328
K
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
2
9.3.
A.2
.6 A
ccel
erat
ing
Rat
e C
alor
imet
ry
Mea
sure
s A
diab
atic
Sel
f-Hea
ting
Rat
e•
Sur
face
Cat
alyz
ed R
eact
ion
•K
inet
ic P
aram
eter
s, E
a, A
•E
xtra
pola
te to
Low
er T
empe
ratu
res
Tem
pera
ture
Ran
ge 1
20 to
300
°C
Test
ing
With
The
rmal
ly S
tabl
e M
ater
ials
Rel
ativ
e R
eact
ivity
of M
ater
ials
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
3
AR
C
Sch
emat
ic
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
4
AR
CS
yste
m
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
5
AR
C D
ata
Trac
e
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
100
120
140
160
Self Heating Rate (C min-1
)
0246810
Hea
t
Wai
t / S
earc
h
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
6
AR
C P
lot
1000
/ K
2223
2425
26
Log (rate)
-2-1012
Ea/
R
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
7
Rel
ativ
e D
ecom
posi
tion
Rat
es in
H
ydra
zine
TantalumChromiumAluminum
Al-Ni AlnoyAl 2014
SS 304-LTitanium"(CP)
SS 316-LNiobiumAl 6061
SS 17-7 RHSS 440C
M-2 TOOLTi-4V-6An
SS 17-4 RHSS 321
TungstenVanadium
IronCopperAl 1100
Hast. C276Gold
MolybdenwmMonel 402
NickelRhenium
Inconel 600Cobalt
Log (Relative Rate at 25 C)
-1012345CobaltInconel 600RheniumNickelMonel 402MolybdenumGoldHast. C276Al 1100CopperIronVanadiumTungstenSS 321SS 17-4 PHTi-6Al-4VM-2 Tool SteelSS 440CSS 17-7 PHAl 6061NiobiumSS 316 LTitaniumSS 304LAl 2014Al-Ni AlloyAluminumChromiumTantalum
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
8
Com
paris
on o
f Rat
es b
y Te
chni
que
10,0
00/T
(K
-1)
1520
2530
35
ln k
-10-505101520
ARC
Ext
rapo
latio
n66
% C
onfid
ence
Lim
it
ARC
Rat
esM
icro
calo
rimet
er, 2
98 K
Mic
roca
lorim
eter
, 313
KM
icro
calo
rimet
er, 3
28 K
Test
15
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r22
9
9.3.
1.1
App
rove
d M
ater
ials
for H
ydra
zine
Ser
vice
at W
STF
Con
stan
t con
tact
, 120
°F
or le
ss
Met
als
•30
4 an
d 31
6 S
tain
less
S
teel
•17
-4 P
H S
tain
less
Ste
el•
Mon
el 4
00 a
nd 5
00•
Ti 6
-Al 4
-V
Lubr
ican
ts•
Bra
ycot
e60
1•
Kry
tox
240A
C•
Fom
blin
Y25
•D
uose
al P
ump
Oil
•A
piez
onL
Non
-met
als
•Te
flon
(TFE
, PFA
, FE
P)
•Fl
uoro
gree
n(g
lass
-fille
d Te
flon)
•A
FE 3
32 (w
hite
EP
R)
•E
PR
515
•K
alre
z10
45•
Pyr
ex G
lass
•P
olye
thyl
ene
•P
olyp
ropy
lene
•P
EE
K 4
50G
(p
oly(
ethe
reth
erke
tone
))
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
0
9.3.
1.2
App
rove
d M
ater
ials
for N
TOS
ervi
ce a
t WS
TFC
onst
ant c
onta
ct, 1
20 °
F or
less
Met
als
•30
0 se
ries
Sta
inle
ss
Ste
el•
Mon
el 5
00•
Ti 6
-Al 4
-V
Lubr
ican
ts•
Bra
ycot
e60
1•
Kry
tox
240A
C•
Fom
blin
Y25
Non
-met
als
•Te
flon
(TFE
and
FE
P)
•K
alre
z10
45•
Pyr
ex G
lass
•Fl
uoro
gree
n(g
lass
-fille
d Te
flon)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
1
9.3.
1.3
Sof
tgoo
dC
onsi
dera
tions
Cho
osin
g th
e rig
ht s
oftg
ood
Sof
tgoo
din
tegr
ity
Abs
orba
nce
and
offg
assi
ng
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
2
9.3.
1.3.
1 C
hoos
ing
the
Rig
ht S
oftg
ood
Mat
eria
l com
patib
ility
asse
ssm
ent
•E
ngin
eerin
g re
spon
sibi
lity
Com
patib
le y
es, b
ut ri
ght f
or th
e ap
plic
atio
n? -
may
be n
ot•
Form
er W
STF
pol
icy
-“Te
flon
only
”–
Indo
or/o
utdo
or te
mpe
ratu
re e
xtre
mes
–C
old
flow
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
3
Cho
osin
g th
e R
ight
Siz
ed S
oftg
ood
Nee
d to
con
side
r po
tent
ial s
wel
ling
of s
oftg
oods
•Th
erm
al•
Abs
orpt
ion
Effe
ct•
Sea
l mat
eria
l da
mag
e•
Pos
sibl
e sy
stem
co
ntam
inat
ion
Kal
rez
1045
o-r
ing
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
4
9.3.
1.3.
2 S
oftg
ood
Inte
grity
How
do
you
know
wha
t you
hav
e is
w
hat h
as b
een
appr
oved
?•
Ass
urin
g fo
rmul
atio
n co
nsis
tenc
y–
Man
ufac
ture
r cer
tific
atio
ns–
Bat
ch-lo
t tes
ting
–K
el-F
81
–M
arki
ngs
EP
R v
sB
una
N
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
5
Whi
ch is
whi
ch?
•E
PR
•V
iton
•B
una
N
Wha
t typ
es o
f
O-ri
ngs
are
thes
e?
Cho
osin
g th
e R
ight
Sof
tgoo
d
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
6
Vito
n
Buna
N
EPR
Or
are
they
?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
7
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
8
Kalre
z
Purp
leEP
R
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r23
9
Res
pons
ibilit
y
Pro
ject
Eng
inee
rP
roje
ct te
chni
cian
(s)
Exp
edite
r(s)
Val
ve S
hop
tech
nici
an(s
)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
0
Sof
tgoo
dIn
tegr
ity
How
do
we
assu
re th
e so
ftgoo
dki
ts fr
om th
e su
pplie
rs c
onta
in th
e rig
ht s
oftg
oods
?
How
do
we
assu
re th
e P
roje
ct E
ngin
eer r
eque
sts
the
corr
ect s
oftg
oods
?H
ow d
o w
e as
sure
the
proj
ect t
echn
icia
n w
rites
th
e co
rrec
t sof
tgoo
dson
the
wor
k or
der?
How
do
we
assu
re th
e ex
pedi
ter i
nput
s th
e co
rrec
t sof
tgoo
dsto
the
syst
em?
How
do
we
assu
re th
at th
e V
alve
Sho
p te
chni
cian
sel
ects
the
right
sof
tgoo
dsfo
r the
co
mpo
nent
?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
1
9.3.
1.3.
3 A
bsor
banc
e an
d O
ffgas
sing
All
softg
oods
abso
rb•
Don
’t m
ix m
edia
with
out c
hang
ing
softg
oods
All
softg
oods
will
offg
asov
er ti
me
•E
ven
afte
r dec
onan
d cl
eani
ng•
Vac
uum
bak
eout
-stil
l nee
d to
che
ckD
ispo
se o
f pro
perly
•A
s ha
zard
ous
was
te
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
2
The
Sw
agel
ok60
Ser
ies
Bal
l Val
ve
A g
ood
exam
ple
of th
e ba
d th
ings
th
at c
an h
appe
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
3
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
4
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
5
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
6
9.3.
2 C
ompo
nent
s
Man
ual V
alve
s•
ball,
shu
toff,
etc
.G
as O
pera
ted
Val
ves
Ele
ctric
ally
Act
uate
d V
alve
sP
ress
ure
Reg
ulat
ors
Che
ck V
alve
s
Pre
ssur
e S
afet
y D
evic
es•
relie
f val
ves
vsbu
rst
disk
s
Pre
ssur
e Tr
ansd
ucer
sP
ress
ure
Gau
ges
•bl
eed
tipFi
lters
Flex
hose
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
7
9.3.
2.1
Man
ual V
alve
s
Bal
l Val
ves
•Li
ttle
cont
rol o
ver f
low
–Fu
ll op
en w
ith 1
/4 tu
rn•
Wat
er h
amm
er p
oten
tial
•R
ecom
men
ded
for N
TO s
ervi
ce–
self
clea
ning
•A
lso
used
in h
ydra
zine
ser
vice
•D
rillin
g th
e ba
ll•
Exa
mpl
es o
f ...
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
8
9.3.
2.1.
1 L
iqui
d Lo
ck
Pre
ssur
e in
a “l
iqui
d lo
ck”s
ituat
ion
can
rise
dram
atic
ally
as
tem
pera
ture
incr
ease
s•
Hyd
razi
ne:
295
psi
per °
F•
MM
H:
14
8 ps
iper
°F
•U
DM
H:
53
psi
per °
F•
NTO
:
135
psi
per °
FA
lway
s pr
ovid
e ul
lage
spac
e or
relie
f pr
otec
tion
for l
iqui
d in
a c
lose
d sy
stemN
OTE
:W
orst
cas
e va
lues
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r24
9
Hok
eV
alve
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
0
Whi
tey
Val
ves
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
1
Jam
esbu
ryV
alve
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
2
9.3.
2.2
Man
ual V
alve
s co
nt’d
Shu
toff
Val
ves
•G
ood
flow
con
trol
–S
ome
vend
ors
offe
r sam
e m
odel
as
shut
off o
r re
gula
ting
•M
inim
al w
ater
ham
mer
pot
entia
l•
Flow
dec
ay p
robl
em in
NTO
serv
ice
•D
iffic
ult t
o ob
tain
val
ves
with
NTO
com
patib
le s
oftg
oods
that
sea
l rel
iabl
y•
Exa
mpl
es o
f ...
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
3
Dra
gon
Val
ve
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
4
Whi
tey
Val
ve
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
5
CP
V V
alve
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
6
Nup
roV
alve
(bel
low
s)]
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
7
9.3.
2.3
Gas
Ope
rate
d V
alve
s
Allo
ws
for r
emot
e op
erat
ion
Spr
ing
load
ed re
turn
•C
lose
s w
ith lo
ss o
f act
uatio
n pr
essu
reN
o ig
nitio
n ha
zard
•C
ontro
lling
EC
Vs
can
be lo
cate
d sa
fe
dist
ance
aw
ay fr
om s
yste
mR
equi
res
regu
late
d ga
s so
urce
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
8
9.3.
2.4
Ele
ctric
ally
Act
uate
d V
alve
s
Allo
ws
for r
emot
e op
erat
ion
•11
0 V
AC
or 2
4 V
DC
sol
enoi
dS
prin
g lo
aded
retu
rn•
Clo
ses
with
loss
of p
ower
No
need
for r
egul
ated
gas
sou
rce
or
cont
rollin
g E
CV
Pot
entia
l ign
ition
haz
ard
•S
park
•H
eat *
-A
ccid
ent #
3
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r25
9
9.3.
2.5
Che
ck V
alve
s
Spr
ing-
load
ed b
ackf
low
pre
vent
ion
devi
ce
Wet
ted
porti
ons
of h
yper
gols
yste
ms
shou
ld b
e do
uble
isol
ated
from
non
-wet
ted
porti
ons,
suc
h as
gas
sou
rces
, to
prev
ent
cont
amin
atio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
0
Flui
d M
echa
nics
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
1
Dou
ble
Isol
atio
n E
xam
ple
MM
H
CO
LDTR
AP
FAC
ILIT
YG
AS S
OU
RC
ETO
SC
RU
BBER
PY
RO
VA
LVE
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
2
9.3.
2.5.
1 C
heck
Val
ve C
onsi
dera
tions
Teflo
n so
ftgoo
dsw
ill le
ak•
Leak
wor
se a
t low
er p
ress
ures
...
–A
s w
hen
syst
em n
ot in
use
•…
and
at lo
wer
tem
pera
ture
sM
aint
enan
ce•
Bac
k pr
essu
re le
ak c
heck
•
6 m
onth
inte
rval
Nee
d to
eva
luat
e so
ftgoo
dse
lect
ion
•W
STF
cur
rent
ly e
valu
atin
g–
Kal
rez
1045
in c
heck
val
ves
for N
TOse
rvic
e–
EP
R 5
15 in
che
ck v
alve
s fo
r hyd
razi
ne fu
els
serv
ice
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
3
9.3.
2.6
Pre
ssur
e R
egul
ator
s
Sel
f ven
ting
pref
erre
d fo
r eas
ier
pres
sure
rese
tsTy
pes
of v
ent p
orts
•O
ut o
f bon
net u
nder
the
hand
le•
Cap
ture
d (s
epar
ate
port
on b
ody)
–S
houl
d be
sta
ndar
d fo
r hyp
ergo
lsys
tem
s–
Acc
iden
t #7
Rem
ote
oper
atio
n po
ssib
le•
Exa
mpl
e: T
esco
mER
3000
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
4
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
5
9.3.
2.7
Pre
ssur
e S
afet
y D
evic
es
Rel
ief v
alve
•P
oten
tial f
or le
akag
e •
Cha
tterin
g ca
n ca
use
leak
age
and
gene
rate
par
ticul
ate
•S
houl
d ca
ptur
e ou
tlets
and
ven
t to
safe
lo
catio
n ...
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
6
Circ
le S
eal
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
7
9.3.
2.7.
1 V
ents
Des
ign
vent
s to
redu
ce o
r elim
inat
e th
e po
ssib
ility
of p
erso
nnel
exp
osur
e, v
apor
ac
cum
ulat
ion
or ig
nitio
n, a
nd c
onta
min
atio
n of
su
rrou
ndin
g eq
uipm
ent,
such
as
vent
ilato
r air
inta
kes
•Th
is c
ould
mea
n us
ing
scru
bber
s or
bur
ners
to
cond
ition
gas
es a
nd v
apor
s be
fore
rele
ase
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
8
9.3.
2.8
Pre
ssur
e S
afet
y D
evic
es
Bur
st d
isk
•“L
eak
proo
f”•
Cor
rosi
on c
an d
egra
de s
et p
ress
ure
–Te
flon
lined
•O
nly
rate
d to
hol
d pr
essu
re in
nor
mal
di
rect
ion
•A
ctua
tion
gene
rate
s pa
rticu
late
–C
onsi
der e
ffect
s on
dow
nstre
am h
ardw
are
•S
houl
d ca
ptur
e ou
tlets
and
ven
t to
safe
lo
catio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r26
9
9.3.
2.9
Pre
ssur
e Tr
ansd
ucer
s
24 V
DC
S
tain
less
ste
el d
iaph
ragm
s•
316
and
17-4
PH
for h
yper
gols
ervi
ceN
o oi
l!E
nsur
e el
ectro
nics
are
sea
led
•C
orro
sion
If on
e is
goo
d, a
re tw
o be
tter?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
0
9.3.
2.9.
1 N
ote
on In
stru
men
tatio
n
Ens
ure
syst
ems
are
adeq
uate
ly
inst
rum
ente
d to
det
erm
ine
and
mon
itor
oper
atin
g co
nditi
ons
•R
edun
danc
y
•P
rope
r ins
trum
ent r
ange
s an
d to
lera
nces
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
1
9.3.
2.10
Pre
ssur
e G
auge
s
Bou
rdon
tube
with
tip
blee
d po
rt fo
r cl
eani
ngD
o no
t blo
ck b
low
out
por
ts o
n ba
ckE
nsur
e pr
oper
rang
es a
nd to
lera
nces
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
2
Exa
mpl
e of
Bou
rdon
Tub
e w
ith
Tip
Ble
ed P
ort
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
3
9.3.
2.11
Filt
ers
Nee
d al
l sta
inle
ss s
teel
co
nstru
ctio
n•
Exa
mpl
e: N
orm
an m
ini
inlin
es
Oth
er ty
pes
with
re
mov
able
ele
men
ts
and
Teflo
n so
ftgoo
dsav
aila
ble
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
4
9.3.
2.12
Fle
xhos
es
Avo
id u
se w
hen
poss
ible
•
Teflo
n lin
ed–
Hyp
ergo
ls w
ill p
erm
eate
Don
’t m
ix m
edia
•S
houl
d be
cle
arly
mar
ked
for h
ydra
zine
fu
els,
NTO
, OR
iner
t gas
ser
vice
Can
not b
e co
mpl
etel
y de
conn
edan
d cl
eane
d•
Ora
nge
clou
d in
the
bag
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
5
Asi
de
Com
pone
nt S
tand
ardi
zatio
n•
Sof
tgoo
ds•
Saf
ety
issu
es•
Cos
t iss
ues
•Lo
gist
ics
issu
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
6
9.3.
3 E
xam
ples
of S
tora
ge a
nd T
rans
port
Con
tain
ers
Cho
ice
depe
nds
on ty
pe a
nd q
uant
ity o
f flu
id, d
ista
nce
to tr
avel
, mod
e of
tra
nspo
rt, ..
.•
I-Che
mvi
al•
Nal
gene
bottl
e•
Fisc
her-
Por
ter b
ottle
s•
Hok
ebo
ttle
•4B
W c
ylin
ders
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
7
Tran
spor
t and
Lab
Sca
le C
onta
iner
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
8
DO
T 4B
W C
ylin
ders
KS
C P
rope
llant
s &
Life
Sup
port
Offi
ceht
tp://
prop
ella
nts.
ksc.
nasa
.gov
/dot
4bw
front
.htm
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r27
9
Top
of 4
BW
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
0
N2O
4D
OT1
10 O
ne T
on C
ylin
der
KS
C P
rope
llant
s &
Life
Sup
port
Offi
ceht
tp://
prop
ella
nts.
ksc.
nasa
.gov
/dot
110a
500w
.htm
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
1
Pro
pella
nt T
anke
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
2
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
Des
ign
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
–B
uild
Up
–O
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
3
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks
Prim
ary
(Eng
inee
ring)
Con
trols
Des
ign
•B
uild
Up
•O
pera
tion
Sec
onda
ry C
ontro
ls•
Per
sona
l Pro
tect
ive
Equ
ipm
ent (
PP
E)
•D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
4
10.0
Bui
ld U
p S
eque
nce
Sys
tem
Con
stru
ctio
n C
onsi
dera
tions
Pap
erw
ork
Moc
kup
Doc
umen
t phy
sica
l sy
stem
Dis
asse
mbl
eC
lean
and
pro
of
Rea
ssem
ble
Torq
ue a
nd ta
gIn
tegr
ity c
heck
sy
stem
Leak
che
ck
Flow
che
ck re
lief
valv
esP
aper
wor
k
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
5
10.1
Sys
tem
Con
stru
ctio
n C
onsi
dera
tions
Life
Spa
nLo
catio
nM
ode
of O
pera
tion
•H
ands
-on
vsre
mot
e•
Wat
er c
heck
outs
?
Tubi
ng•
Dia
met
er•
Mat
eria
l•
Wal
l thi
ckne
ss
Cho
ice
of F
ittin
gs•
Wel
d•
Sw
agel
ok•
Flan
ged
•A
N•
NP
T•
Dyn
atub
eC
lean
lines
s R
equi
rem
ents
AS
ME
Cod
e co
mpl
ianc
e•
Leth
al S
ervi
ce
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
6
10.2
Pap
erw
ork
Sch
emat
ic•
Ske
tche
s•
Rel
ease
d dr
awin
gsD
esig
n sp
ecifi
catio
nsW
ork
auth
oriz
ing
docu
men
t(s)
How
doe
s it
wor
k he
re?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
7
10.3
Moc
kup
How
will
syst
em b
e us
ed b
y th
e op
erat
or?
Erg
onom
ics
•P
anel
or t
able
?•
Fron
t or b
ack?
•S
it, s
tand
, or s
quat
?•
Insi
de o
r out
side
?•
Req
uire
d P
PE
?P
erfo
rm w
ater
che
ckou
ts (i
f per
mitt
ed)
•M
ust s
tay
belo
w 1
50 p
si
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
8
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r28
9
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
0
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
1
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
2
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
3
10.4
Doc
umen
t
Bef
ore
disa
ssem
blin
g fo
r cle
anin
g, d
ocum
ent
phys
ical
sys
tem
so
you
will
kno
w h
ow to
put
it
back
toge
ther
•Te
mp
tags
on
hard
lines
•P
hoto
s•
Han
d sk
etch
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
4
10.5
Dis
asse
mbl
e
Pol
ish
flare
s?P
rote
ct fl
ares
& fa
ce s
eals
Mak
e a
list o
f you
r par
ts
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
5
10.6
Cle
anin
g
Wha
t cle
an le
vels
are
requ
ired
for t
he
vario
us s
yste
ms
and
subs
yste
ms?
•Le
vel 5
0, 1
00, 2
00, 3
00, V
C–
Fuel
syst
ems
shou
ld b
e cl
eane
d to
rem
ove
parti
cula
te a
nd m
etal
lic o
xide
s –
Exam
ple:
fue
l sys
tem
, lev
el 1
00
•Le
vel 5
0A, 1
00A
, 200
A, 3
00A
, VC
–O
xidi
zers
yste
ms
shou
ld b
e cl
eane
d to
rem
ove
parti
cula
te a
nd o
rgan
ic m
ater
ials
–
Exam
ple:
oxi
dize
r sys
tem
, lev
el 3
00A
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
6
Exa
mpl
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
7
10.6
.1 C
lean
ing
Leve
ls -
Par
ticul
ate
Giv
es n
umbe
r of p
artic
les
allo
wed
in
each
siz
e ra
nge
Exa
mpl
e of
Lev
el 2
00:
•U
nlim
ited
parti
cles
bel
ow 5
0 m
icro
ns•
50 th
roug
h 10
015
4 m
ax•
100
thro
ugh
200
16 m
ax•
> 20
00
max
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
8
10.6
.2 C
lean
ing
Leve
ls -
NV
R
Non
vola
tile
resi
due
leve
ls
•A
-1
mg
/ ft2
•B
-2
mg
/ ft2
•C
-3
mg
/ ft2
•D
-4
mg
/ ft2
Goi
ng m
etric
eve
ry in
ch o
f the
way
.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r29
9
10.7
Rea
ssem
ble
Mai
ntai
n cl
ean
as y
ou re
asse
mbl
e•
Avo
id w
ind,
wat
er, a
nd d
ust
•W
ear p
owde
r-fre
e gl
oves
–C
hang
e gl
oves
ofte
n
Unb
agas
you
go
Use
lubr
ican
ts a
nd T
eflo
n ta
pe s
parin
gly
Use
pro
per s
eals
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
0
10.7
.1 S
eals
K-s
eals
KC
sea
ls
AN
nos
e-se
als
S
tain
less
ste
el o
r Tef
lon
coat
ed s
tain
less
NO
cop
per
Wel
d fit
ting
face
sea
ls•
Sw
agel
ok(fo
rmer
ly C
ajon
)•
CP
V
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
1
10.8
Tor
que
Follo
w to
rque
spe
csU
se a
bac
k-up
wre
nch
to a
void
ben
ding
ha
rdlin
esM
ark
fittin
gs a
s yo
u go
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
2
10.9
Tag
Sep
arat
e sy
stem
s or
sub
syst
ems
shou
ld
be c
lear
ly d
elin
eate
d fro
m o
ne a
noth
er
by a
doc
umen
ted
tagg
ing
sche
me
Indi
vidu
al c
ompo
nent
s sh
ould
be
clea
rly
iden
tifie
d w
ith ta
gs
Com
pone
nts
shou
ld a
lso
be ta
gged
to
iden
tify
med
ia, M
AW
P, a
nd s
oftg
oods
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
3
10.1
0 R
emot
e In
tegr
ity C
heck
Pur
pose
is to
pro
ve p
ress
ure
inte
grity
as
a sy
stem
afte
r ass
embl
y If
indi
vidu
al c
ompo
nent
s ha
ve n
otbe
en
proo
f tes
ted,
...
•R
emov
e sy
stem
relie
f dev
ices
.•
Inst
all r
elie
f dev
ice
to e
nsur
e pr
essu
re d
oes
not e
xcee
d 11
0% o
f int
egrit
y te
st p
ress
ure
Pne
umas
tatt
o 11
0% o
f M
AW
P fo
r at l
east
10
min
utes
H
ydro
stat
to 1
50%
of M
AW
P
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
4
10.1
0.1
Rem
ote
Inte
grity
Che
ck
If ea
ch c
ompo
nent
and
har
dlin
eha
ve
been
pro
ofed
indi
vidu
ally
...
•P
neum
asta
tto
only
90%
of M
AW
P fo
r at
leas
t 10
min
utes
•
No
need
to re
mov
e re
lief d
evic
es
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
5
10.1
1 L
eak
Che
ck
Rei
nsta
ll re
lief d
evic
es (i
f nec
essa
ry)
and
torq
ueP
ress
uriz
e to
90%
of M
AW
P•
Hol
d fo
r at l
east
10
min
utes
if re
lief d
evic
es
have
bee
n re
inst
alle
dP
erfo
rm p
ress
ure
deca
y ch
eck,
bub
ble
leak
che
ck, a
nd/o
r use
He
leak
det
ecto
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
6
10.1
2 F
low
Che
ck
Flow
che
ck re
lief v
alve
s to
ver
ify fl
ow
capa
city
is s
uffic
ient
to p
rote
ct s
yste
m
unle
ss p
rove
n by
cal
cula
tion
•H
earin
g pr
otec
tion
req’
d•
Fully
incr
ease
d re
gula
tor i
s fu
ll flo
w (a
t WS
TF)
•N
ot to
exc
eed
110%
of l
owes
t rat
ed
com
pone
nt•
Inst
all o
rific
e up
stre
am o
f reg
ulat
or if
ne
cess
ary
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
7
10.1
3 P
aper
wor
k
Pre
ssur
e V
esse
l/Sys
tem
Pac
kage
•S
yste
m s
chem
atic
•C
ompo
nent
sum
mar
y lis
t•
Pre
ssur
e ve
ssel
dat
a•
Rec
all l
ist
•W
eld
map
•W
eld
exam
inat
ion
shee
ts•
Sys
tem
ass
embl
y an
d qu
alifi
catio
n pr
oced
ures
–R
elie
f dev
ice
flow
cal
cula
tions
or f
low
che
ck p
roce
dure
s–
Pre
ssur
e qu
alifi
catio
n pr
oced
ures
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
8
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
Des
ign
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
Bui
ld U
p–
Ope
ratio
n•
Sec
onda
ry C
ontro
ls–
PP
E–
Det
ecto
rs/M
onito
rs
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r30
9
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks
Prim
ary
(Eng
inee
ring)
Con
trols
Des
ign
Bui
ld U
p•
Ope
ratio
nS
econ
dary
Con
trols
•P
erso
nal P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t (P
PE
)•
Det
ecto
rs/M
onito
rs
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
0
11.0
Ope
ratio
n C
ontro
ls
Bef
ore
Pre
test
Dur
ing
Test
Afte
rP
ost t
est
The
follo
win
g ar
e of
fere
d as
ope
ratio
n co
ntro
ls a
nd jo
b de
sign
con
side
ratio
ns
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
1
11.1
.1 T
rain
ing
Cer
tific
atio
n P
lan
Trai
n al
l per
sonn
el w
ho w
ill be
wor
king
w
ith o
r aro
und
hype
rgol
son
the
prop
ertie
s an
d ha
zard
s. A
trai
ning
pla
n id
entif
ies
the
leve
l and
con
tent
of
train
ing
requ
ired
depe
ndin
g on
the
type
of
wor
k to
be
perfo
rmed
.•
Cla
ss ro
om•
Men
torin
g•
On-
the-
job
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
2
11.1
.2 T
est T
eam
Test
Con
duct
or
At l
east
two
pers
onne
l equ
ippe
d w
ith
iden
tical
per
sona
l pro
tect
ive
equi
pmen
t
Saf
ety
Obs
erve
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
3
11.1
.3 W
ritte
n P
roce
dure
s
Ens
ure
that
pro
cedu
res
for h
yper
gol
oper
atio
ns a
re w
ritte
n do
wn,
revi
ewed
, dr
y ru
n, a
nd a
ppro
ved.
The
se
proc
edur
es s
houl
d be
bas
ed o
n de
fined
pr
oces
ses
or s
tand
ard
proc
edur
es.
Writ
ten
proc
edur
es s
houl
d be
revi
ewed
pe
riodi
cally
to e
nsur
e co
nten
t is
up to
da
te.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
4
11.1
.4 P
rete
st B
riefin
g
Brie
f tes
t tea
m p
erso
nnel
on
the
wor
k to
be
per
form
edTh
is s
houl
d in
clud
e a
dry
run
of th
e ac
tual
pro
cedu
res
Ens
ure
each
per
son
know
s w
hat i
s re
quire
d of
them
dur
ing
the
oper
atio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
5
11.1
.4.1
PP
E A
sses
smen
t
Iden
tify
pote
ntia
l haz
ards
and
spe
cify
th
e re
quire
d P
PE
Is th
e P
PE
in
good
con
ditio
n an
d fu
nctio
ning
pr
oper
ly?
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
6
11.1
.4.2
Too
ls &
Mat
eria
ls
Ens
ure
the
requ
ired
tool
s an
d m
ater
ials
ar
e on
han
d fo
r the
giv
en o
pera
tion
•W
renc
hes
•O
-rin
gs, n
ose
seal
s, T
eflo
n ta
pe, l
ubric
ant
•M
onito
rs/d
etec
tors
•W
ater
buc
ket(s
), ho
ses
•et
c.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
7
11.1
.5 W
ind
Cor
ridor
Iden
tify
and
esta
blis
h a
safe
, sus
tain
ed
win
d co
rrido
r tha
t will
carry
rele
ased
va
pors
aw
ay fr
om te
st p
erso
nnel
and
in
habi
ted
build
ings
or a
reas
.C
ontin
ually
mon
itor t
he w
ind
spee
d an
d di
rect
ion
so th
at o
pera
tions
may
co
ntin
ue s
afel
y.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
8
11.1
.6 T
ime
Hyp
ergo
l ope
ratio
ns s
houl
d no
t be
rush
ed.
Ens
ure
ther
e is
am
ple
time
to
com
plet
e op
erat
ions
with
out
com
prom
isin
g sa
fety
.•
Avo
id s
hift
chan
ges
whe
n po
ssib
le–
Acc
iden
t #1,
OV
105
Fire
Acc
iden
ts h
appe
n w
hen
the
norm
al
rout
ine
is in
terru
pted
.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r31
9
11.1
.7 A
cces
s C
ontro
ls
Ens
ure
acce
ss c
ontro
l has
bee
n es
tabl
ishe
d pr
ior t
o pe
rform
ing
a hy
perg
olop
erat
ion.
•W
arni
ng li
ghts
•B
arric
ades
•A
nnou
ncem
ents
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
0
11.1
.8 C
omm
unic
atio
n
Ens
ure
that
all
mem
bers
of t
he te
st te
am
are
in c
omm
unic
atio
n w
ith th
e te
st
cond
ucto
rE
nsur
e ac
cess
con
trol r
estri
ctio
ns h
ave
been
com
mun
icat
ed to
oth
er p
erso
nnel
in
the
area
Ens
ure
emer
genc
y se
rvic
es p
erso
nnel
ha
ve b
een
notif
ied
abou
t the
per
form
ance
of
a p
oten
tially
haz
ardo
us o
pera
tion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
1
11.0
Ope
ratio
n C
ontro
ls
Bef
ore
Pre
test
Dur
ing
Test
Afte
rP
ost t
est
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
2
11.2
Dur
ing
O
xidi
zer P
SV
repl
acem
ent
D
iscu
ssio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
3
11.0
Ope
ratio
n C
ontro
ls
Bef
ore
Pre
test
Dur
ing
Test
Afte
rP
ost t
est
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
4
11.3
.1 D
econ
tam
inat
ion
Dec
onpr
oced
ures
sho
uld
be p
art o
f the
w
ritte
n op
erat
iona
l pro
cedu
re, a
nd n
ot
left
as s
omet
hing
to d
o at
the
end
Per
sonn
el s
houl
d be
trai
ned
on p
rope
r de
con
proc
edur
es•
Dis
asse
mbl
e •
Trip
le ri
nse
/ act
uate
val
ves
•La
bel a
s fu
el o
r ox
cont
amin
ated
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
5
11.3
.1.1
Dec
onta
min
atio
n
Dec
onta
min
atio
n fa
cilit
ies
for f
uel a
nd o
xidi
zer
shou
ld b
e av
aila
ble
near
hyp
ergo
l sys
tem
s an
d/or
op
erat
ions
to
sup
port
clea
n up
activ
ities
Fuel
and
Oxi
dize
r D
econ
Sink
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
6
11.3
.1.2
Dec
onta
min
atio
n
Neu
traliz
ing
rinse
s ca
n be
use
d to
de
con
hard
war
e•
Citr
ic a
cid
solu
tion
used
for h
ydra
zine
s•
Sod
ium
bic
arbo
nate
or o
ther
bas
ic s
olut
ion
used
for N
TO
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
7
11.3
.2 D
ispo
sal
Was
te p
rodu
cts
from
pro
pella
nt
oper
atio
ns n
eed
to b
e di
spos
ed
of in
acc
orda
nce
with
loca
l, st
ate,
an
d fe
dera
l en
viro
nmen
tal
regu
latio
ns
Pic
of w
aste
acc
umar
ea,
inse
t clo
seup
of b
arre
l la
bel
90 D
ay S
tora
ge W
aste
Acc
umul
atio
n A
rea
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
8
11.3
.2.1
Dis
posa
l
Labe
l on
Haz
ardo
us W
aste
Dru
m
Was
te A
ccum
ulat
ion
Are
a In
stru
ctio
nsan
d Lo
g B
ooks
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r32
9
11.3
.3 H
yper
gol D
etec
tion
Use
mon
itors
to v
erify
saf
e pr
opel
lant
va
por c
once
ntra
tions
bef
ore
allo
win
g un
prot
ecte
d pe
rson
nel t
o re
-ent
er th
e ar
ea
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
0
11.3
.4 S
afe
Con
figur
atio
n
Afte
r ope
ratio
ns, h
yper
gol s
yste
ms
shou
ld b
e sa
fed
to:
•C
onta
in p
rope
llant
•V
ent p
ress
ure,
but
mai
ntai
n in
ert p
ad p
ress
ure
•S
hut d
own
elec
trica
l equ
ipm
ent
•M
aint
ain
acce
ss c
ontro
l
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
1
11.3
.5 M
aint
enan
ce
Ens
ure
that
mai
nten
ance
on
syst
ems
is
perfo
rmed
as
plan
ned
*E
nsur
e th
at s
yste
m c
onfig
urat
ion
and
clea
nlin
ess
are
sust
aine
d du
ring
mai
nten
ance
pro
cedu
res
Ens
ure
mai
nten
ance
is p
erfo
rmed
by
pers
onne
l fam
iliar w
ith th
e sy
stem
and
/or
train
ed o
n th
e ha
zard
s of
hyp
ergo
ls
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
2
11.0
Ope
ratio
n C
ontro
ls
Bef
ore
Pre
test
Dur
ing
Test
Afte
rP
ost t
est
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
3
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
Des
ign
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
Bui
ld U
pO
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
–P
PE
–D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
4
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks
Prim
ary
(Eng
inee
ring)
Con
trols
Des
ign
Bui
ld U
pO
pera
tion
Sec
onda
ry C
ontro
ls•
Per
sona
l Pro
tect
ive
Equ
ipm
ent (
PP
E)
•D
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
5
12.0
Per
sona
l Pro
tect
ive
Equ
ipm
ent
Eng
inee
ring
cont
rols
•
Prim
ary
mea
ns o
f red
ucin
g oc
cupa
tiona
l ex
posu
res
to h
azar
dsP
erso
nal P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t (P
PE
)•
Sup
plem
enta
ry c
ontro
l for
–
Em
erge
ncie
s (s
ee A
ccid
ent #
8)–
Faile
d en
gine
erin
g co
ntro
ls–
Unp
rove
n or
in-p
roce
ss c
ontro
ls/p
ract
ices
–M
obile
or s
hort-
term
wor
k
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
6
12.1
Che
mic
al E
xpos
ure
Pro
tect
ion
PP
E is
div
ided
into
4 c
ateg
orie
s ba
sed
on th
e de
gree
of p
rote
ctio
n af
ford
ed
(2
9 C
FR 1
910.
120
App
. B S
ubpa
rt H
)•
Leve
l A
–S
elec
ted
whe
n th
e gr
eate
st le
vel o
f ski
n,
resp
irato
ry, a
nd e
ye p
rote
ctio
n is
requ
ired.
•Le
vel B
–P
rovi
des
high
est l
evel
of r
espi
rato
ry p
rote
ctio
n bu
t a le
sser
leve
l of s
kin
prot
ectio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
7
12.1
Che
mic
al E
xpos
ure
Pro
tect
ion
•Le
vel C
–Th
e co
ncen
tratio
n(s)
and
type
(s) o
f airb
orne
su
bsta
nce(
s) a
re k
now
n an
d th
e cr
iteria
for
usin
g ai
r pur
ifyin
g re
spira
tors
are
met
.
NO
T su
itabl
e fo
r han
dlin
g hy
perg
ols.
•Le
vel D
–
A w
ork
unifo
rm a
fford
ing
min
imal
pro
tect
ion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
8
12.1
.1 L
evel
A E
quip
men
t
Pos
itive
pre
ssur
e, fu
ll fa
ce-p
iece
sel
f-con
tain
ed b
reat
hing
ap
para
tus
(SC
BA
), or
pos
itive
pre
ssur
e su
pplie
d ai
r res
pira
tor
with
esc
ape
SC
BA
(NIO
SH
app
rove
d)
Tota
lly-e
ncap
sula
ting
chem
ical
-pro
tect
ive
suit
Cov
eral
ls (
optio
nal)
Long
und
erw
ear (
optio
nal)
Glo
ves,
out
er, c
hem
ical
-res
ista
ntG
love
s, in
ner,
chem
ical
-res
ista
ntB
oots
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
, ste
el to
e an
d sh
ank
Har
d ha
t (un
der s
uit)
(opt
iona
l)D
ispo
sabl
e pr
otec
tive
suit,
glo
ves
and
boot
s (d
epen
ding
on
suit
cons
truct
ion,
may
be
wor
n ov
er to
tally
-enc
apsu
latin
g su
it)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r33
9
12.1
.1.1
Mod
ified
Lev
el A
Exa
mpl
eK
SC
Pro
pella
nt H
andl
er E
nsem
ble
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
0
12.1
.1.2
Mod
ified
Lev
el A
Exa
mpl
eK
SC
Pro
pella
nt H
andl
er E
nsem
ble
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
1
12.1
.1.3
Pro
pella
nt H
andl
er E
nsem
ble
Feat
ures
•Fu
lly e
ncap
sula
ting
•C
ontin
uous
air
supp
ly o
r SC
BA
•P
ositi
ve p
ress
ure
•Lo
ckin
g cu
ff m
echa
nism
for
glov
e an
d bo
ot
chan
ge o
ut•
Goo
d ch
emic
al
resi
stan
ce
Lim
itatio
ns•
Teth
ered
by
airli
ne
or w
eigh
ted
dow
n by
S
CB
A•
Mov
emen
t–
Sta
ndin
g qu
ickl
y
•D
exte
rity
•V
isib
ility
–Fa
ce s
hiel
d
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
2
12.1
.1.3
Mod
ified
Lev
el A
Exa
mpl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
3
12.1
.1.4
Mod
ified
Lev
el A
Exa
mpl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
4
12.1
.1.5
ILC
Dov
er E
nsem
ble
Feat
ures
•Fu
lly e
ncap
sula
ting
•C
ontin
uous
air
supp
ly o
r SC
BA
•P
ositi
ve p
ress
ure
•C
loro
pel™
mat
eria
l pr
otec
ts a
gain
st
wid
e ra
nge
of
chem
ical
s
Lim
itatio
ns•
Teth
ered
by
airli
ne
or w
eigh
ted
dow
n by
S
CB
A•
Mov
emen
t–
Sta
ndin
g qu
ickl
y
•D
exte
rity
•V
isib
ility
–Fa
ce s
hiel
d
•U
DM
H p
erm
eabi
lity
•H
ot/c
old
wea
ther
•B
utyl
glo
ves
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
5
12.1
.1.6
Res
pire
xG
as
Tigh
t Sui
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
6
12.1
.1.7
Res
pire
xS
uit F
eatu
res
Adj
usta
ble
inte
rnal
su
ppor
t bel
tLo
ckin
g cu
ff m
echa
nism
for g
love
an
d bo
ot c
hang
e ou
tLa
rger
vis
or fo
r gre
ater
vi
sibi
lity
Dis
tribu
ted
air f
low
th
roug
hout
sui
t
Bro
mob
utyl
rubb
er
coat
ed p
olye
ster
Goo
d pe
rmea
bilit
y re
sisi
stan
ceto
hyd
razi
ne
fuel
sG
ood
prot
ectio
n ag
ains
t N
TO s
plas
h +
vapo
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
7
12.1
.2 L
evel
B E
quip
men
t
Pos
itive
pre
ssur
e, fu
ll-fa
cepi
ece
self-
cont
aine
d br
eath
ing
appa
ratu
s (S
CB
A),
or p
ositi
ve p
ress
ure
supp
lied
air r
espi
rato
r w
ith e
scap
e S
CB
A (N
IOS
H a
ppro
ved)
Hoo
ded
chem
ical
-res
ista
nt c
loth
ing
(ove
ralls
and
long
-sle
eved
ja
cket
; cov
eral
ls; o
ne o
r tw
o-pi
ece
chem
ical
-spl
ash
suit;
di
spos
able
che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
ove
ralls
)C
over
alls
(opt
iona
l)G
love
s, o
uter
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
Glo
ves,
inne
r, ch
emic
al-r
esis
tant
Boo
ts, o
uter
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
ste
el to
e an
d sh
ank
Boo
t-cov
ers,
out
er, c
hem
ical
-res
ista
nt (d
ispo
sabl
e) (o
ptio
nal)
Har
d ha
t (op
tiona
l)Fa
ce s
hiel
d (o
ptio
nal)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
8
12.1
.2.1
Lev
el B
Exa
mpl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r34
9
12.1
.2.2
“Fu
ll S
plas
h G
ear”
Feat
ures
•E
asy
to d
on•
Ligh
twei
ght
•E
ase
of m
ovem
ent
•A
irlin
e re
spira
tor o
r S
CB
A•
Dis
posa
ble
Lim
itatio
ns•
Vin
yl m
ater
ial
prov
ides
sm
alle
r ra
nge
of c
hem
ical
pr
otec
tion
•P
oten
tial f
or s
kin
expo
sure
•H
ot/c
old
wea
ther
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
0
12.1
.3 L
evel
C E
quip
men
t
Full-
face
or h
alf-m
ask,
air
purif
ying
resp
irato
rs (N
IOS
H
appr
oved
)H
oode
d ch
emic
al-r
esis
tant
clo
thin
g (o
vera
lls; t
wo-
piec
e ch
emic
al-s
plas
h su
it; d
ispo
sabl
e ch
emic
al-r
esis
tant
ove
ralls
)C
over
alls
(opt
iona
l)G
love
s, o
uter
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
Glo
ves,
inne
r, ch
emic
al-r
esis
tant
Boo
ts (o
uter
), ch
emic
al-r
esis
tant
ste
el to
e an
d sh
ank
(opt
iona
l)B
oot-c
over
s, o
uter
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
(dis
posa
ble)
(opt
iona
l)H
ard
hat (
optio
nal)
Esc
ape
mas
k (o
ptio
nal)
Face
shi
eld
(opt
iona
l)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
1
12.1
.4 L
evel
D E
quip
men
t
Cov
eral
lsG
love
s (o
ptio
nal)
Boo
ts/s
hoes
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
ste
el to
e an
d sh
ank
Boo
ts, o
uter
, che
mic
al-r
esis
tant
(dis
posa
ble)
(opt
iona
l)S
afet
y gl
asse
s or
che
mic
al s
plas
h go
ggle
s (o
ptio
nal)
Har
d ha
t (op
tiona
l)E
scap
e m
ask
(opt
iona
l)Fa
ce s
hiel
d (o
ptio
nal)
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
2
12.1
.4.1
Lev
el D
Exa
mpl
e
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
3
ELS
AE
mer
genc
y Li
fe S
uppo
rt A
ppar
atus
-Sm
all c
ylin
der
-5 to
15
min
ute
air s
uppl
y-s
uppl
y ho
se to
air
hood
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
4
Asi
de
Com
bina
tions
of P
PE
oth
er th
an th
ose
desc
ribed
for L
evel
s A
, B, C
, and
D
prot
ectio
n m
ay b
e m
ore
appr
opria
te a
nd
may
be
used
to p
rovi
de th
e pr
oper
leve
l of
pro
tect
ion.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
5
12.2
Im
prop
er P
PE
Use
of i
mpr
oper
PP
E c
an b
e m
ore
dang
erou
s th
an n
ot u
sing
PP
E.
•K
aren
Wet
terh
ahn,
Che
mis
t, D
artm
outh
U
niv.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
6
12.2
“T
”PP
E?
May
be th
e te
rm s
houl
d be
cha
nged
to:
“T
empo
rary
”Per
sona
l Pro
tect
ive
Equ
ipm
ent
If se
lect
ed p
rope
rly P
PE
will
prot
ect y
ou,
but i
ts n
ot c
ompl
etel
y im
perv
ious
Look
for s
igns
of d
amag
eB
e aw
are
of li
mita
tions
Con
side
r rep
laci
ng a
fter u
se•
Cha
nge/
deco
ngl
oves
per
iodi
cally
dur
ing
use
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
7
Saf
ety
glas
ses,
pol
y-di
met
hyls
iloxa
neco
mpo
und,
exp
osed
to fu
els
Hyd
razi
neM
MH
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
8
Saf
ety
shie
ld, a
ceta
te c
ompo
und
expo
sed
to
NTO
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r35
9
12.3
PP
E R
emov
al
Get
ting
out o
f PP
E c
an b
e ha
zard
ous
if no
t don
e pr
oper
ly•
Rin
se o
ff•
Don
’t to
uch
cont
amin
ated
sur
face
s w
hile
re
mov
ing
•D
ispo
se o
f pro
perly
•Tr
aini
ng o
n pr
oper
don
ning
and
rem
oval
sh
ould
be
prov
ided
by
empl
oyer
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
0
Vid
eo V
ersi
on o
f“W
hat’s
Wro
ng w
ith th
is P
ictu
re?”
Th
e fu
me
hood
and
the
syrin
ge.
D
iscu
ssio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
1
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
Des
ign
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
Bui
ld U
pO
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
PP
E–
Det
ecto
rs/M
onito
rs
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
2
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks
Prim
ary
(Eng
inee
ring)
Con
trols
Des
ign
Bui
ld U
pO
pera
tion
Sec
onda
ry C
ontro
lsP
erso
nal P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t (P
PE
)•
Det
ecto
rs/M
onito
rs
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
3
13.0
Hyp
ergo
l Det
ectio
n
Det
ectio
n is
an
issu
e be
caus
e:•
Toxi
city
and
inha
latio
n ha
zard
•S
igni
fican
t vap
or p
ress
ure
at a
mbi
ent
tem
pera
ture
s•
Low
vap
or e
xpos
ure
limits
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
4
Aut
horit
y fo
r the
NA
SA
Env
ironm
enta
l H
ealth
Pro
gram
NP
D 1
820.
1NA
SA
Env
ironm
enta
l Hea
lth
Pro
gram
and
sub
serv
ient
doc
umen
ts e
stab
lish:
•Th
e K
SC
IH P
rogr
am is
a k
ey e
lem
ent i
n th
e ov
eral
l E
nviro
nmen
tal H
ealth
Pro
tect
ion
Pro
gram
•A
PP
LIC
AB
LE E
XP
OS
UR
E L
IMIT
S: I
n ac
cord
ance
with
NP
D
1820
.1, N
AS
A h
as a
dopt
ed h
ealth
sta
ndar
ds p
rom
ulga
ted
by th
e O
ccup
atio
nal S
afet
y an
d H
ealth
Adm
inis
tratio
n (O
SH
A) o
r the
A
mer
ican
Con
fere
nce
of G
over
nmen
tal I
ndus
trial
Hyg
ieni
sts
(AC
GIH
), w
hich
ever
is m
ore
strin
gent
. •
In a
dditi
on, t
heir
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
incl
ude
impl
emen
ting
heal
th
haza
rd c
ontro
ls w
hen
expo
sure
leve
ls e
xcee
d th
e "A
ctio
n Le
vel"
for t
he h
azar
dous
mat
eria
l or a
gent
of c
once
rn.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
5
WS
TF In
terim
Pol
icy
for t
he H
ydra
zine
Fa
mily
of F
uels
-19
96R
efer
ence
d ne
w T
LV-T
WA
of 0
.01
ppm
Not
ed la
ck o
f req
uire
d se
nsiti
vity
for 0
.01
ppm
Impl
emen
ted:
•Th
e TL
V w
ill b
e tre
ated
as
a tim
e-w
eigh
ted
aver
age.
•W
hen
hydr
azin
es a
re d
etec
ted
PP
E o
r add
ition
al
engi
neer
ing
cont
rols
(fum
e ho
ods,
poi
nt s
ourc
e ve
ntila
tion)
will
be
appl
ied.
•P
erso
nal d
osim
eter
s, w
hen
esta
blis
hed
as a
val
id
mea
sure
men
t dev
ice,
will
be
wor
n in
are
as w
here
po
tent
ial e
xpos
ure
cond
ition
s ex
ist.
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
6
13.0
Vap
or E
xpos
ure
Lim
its
Hyd
razi
ne F
uels
•Th
resh
old
Lim
it V
alue
(TLV
) is
10 p
pb•
IDLH
is
15 to
50
ppm
•O
dor t
hres
hold
is 1
-8
ppm
NTO •N
IOS
H R
ecom
men
ded
Exp
osur
e Le
vel (
RE
L) is
1
ppm
•ID
LH i
s 20
ppm
•O
dor t
hres
hold
is 1
-3
ppm
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
7
13.1
Use
s of
Mon
itors
Mon
itorin
g fo
r per
sonn
el p
rote
ctio
n•
10 to
100
ppb
-H
ydra
zine
s•
1 to
10
ppm
-NTO
Mon
itorin
g fo
r res
idua
l pro
pella
nt /
cont
amin
atio
n•
100
to 1
000
ppb
Leak
det
ectio
n•
0.1
to 1
0 pp
m
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
8
Asi
de
Con
cent
ratio
ns in
the
Gas
Pha
se•
Uni
ts o
f ppm
and
ppb
are
volu
me
/ vol
ume
pp
m→
10-6
(m
icro
liter
s/ l
iter)
pp
b →
10-9
(n
anol
iters
/ lite
r)•
Use
Idea
l Gas
Law
to c
alcu
late
mas
s fro
m
volu
me
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r36
9
Exa
mpl
e
Roo
m 2
0 x
30 x
10
foot
at 1
0 pp
b M
MH
•1.
7 x
105
liter
s to
tal r
oom
vol
ume
•V
olum
e of
MM
H–
(1.7
x 1
05lit
ers)
x (1
0 x
10-9
) = 1
.7 x
10-
3lit
ers
–(1
.7 x
10-
3lit
ers
x 1
atm
)/(0.
0820
5 x
298
K) =
6.
9 x
10-5
mol
es–
6.9
x 10
-5m
oles
x 4
6 gr
ams/
mol
e =
3.2
x 10
-3g
–3.
2 m
g
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
0
13.2
Cla
ssify
Mon
itors
by
Met
hod
of D
etec
tion
Col
orom
etric
•C
hem
ical
reac
tion
prod
uces
col
or c
hang
eE
lect
roch
emic
al•
Mea
sure
oxi
datio
n or
redu
ctio
n in
sol
utio
nTh
erm
al•
Mea
sure
hea
t fro
m a
che
mic
al re
actio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
1
13.2
.1 C
olor
omet
ricM
onito
rs
Dos
imet
er B
adge
s•
Usu
ally
pas
sive
•W
atch
for c
olor
cha
nge
with
tim
e•
Est
imat
e do
se b
y co
mpa
rison
with
col
or
stan
dard
•M
ay b
e re
ad w
ith o
ptic
al in
stru
men
t
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
2
13.2
.1.1
Dos
imet
er B
adge
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
3
13.2
.2 C
olor
omet
ricM
onito
rs
Pap
er T
ape
Mon
itor
•A
ctiv
e sa
mpl
ing
usin
g ai
r pum
p•
Sam
ple
pum
ped
thro
ugh
a pa
per t
ape
treat
ed w
ith a
n in
dica
tor
•C
olor
cha
nge
read
by
optic
al re
flect
ance
or
trans
mitt
ance
•Ta
pe a
dvan
ces
to fr
esh
spot
follo
win
g re
adin
g
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
4
13.2
.2.1
Exa
mpl
e of
a P
aper
Tap
e M
onito
r
Zellw
eige
r
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
5
13.2
.2.2
Sec
ond
Exa
mpl
e of
a P
aper
Tap
e M
onito
r
Sco
tt/B
acha
rach
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
6
13.2
.3 C
olor
omet
ricM
onito
rs
Indi
cato
r tub
es•
Act
ive
sam
plin
g us
ing
air p
ump
•Le
ngth
of c
olor
cha
nge
in tu
be c
orre
late
s to
con
cent
ratio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
7
13.2
.3.1
Exa
mpl
e of
Indi
cato
r Tub
es
Drä
ger
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
8
13.2
.3.2
Shu
ttle
Airl
ock
MM
H/U
DM
H D
etec
tor
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r37
9
13.2
.4 E
lect
roch
emic
al M
onito
rs
Mea
sure
an
elec
troch
emic
al re
actio
n by
flo
w o
f cur
rent
(cou
lom
etry
)•
Act
ive
sam
plin
g•
Diff
usio
n of
pro
pella
nt in
to e
lect
roly
te•
Mea
sure
flow
of c
urre
nt b
etw
een
elec
trode
s at
an
appl
ied
pote
ntia
l•
Cur
rent
is p
ropo
rtion
al to
con
cent
ratio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
0
13.2
.4.1
Exa
mpl
e of
Ele
ctro
chem
ical
Mon
itor
Inte
rsca
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
1
13.2
.4.2
Exa
mpl
e of
Ele
ctro
chem
ical
Mon
itor
Drä
ger
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
2
13.2
.5 T
herm
al M
onito
rs
Mea
sure
tem
pera
ture
rise
from
a
chem
ical
reac
tion
•R
eact
ive
chem
ical
on
tem
pera
ture
sen
sor
•S
impl
e•
Use
for h
igh
leve
ls o
f con
tam
inan
ts
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
3
13.2
.5.1
Exa
mpl
e of
The
rmal
Mon
itor
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
4
13.3
Com
mon
Inte
rfera
nts
Hyd
razi
nes
Mon
itors
•A
mm
onia
•Is
opro
pyl a
lcoh
ol•
Hyd
roge
n
NTO
Mon
itors
•C
hlor
ine
•O
zone
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
5
13.4
Ide
al S
peci
ficat
ions
•S
ensi
tivity
10
ppb
•Fr
ee fr
om in
terfe
renc
es•
Res
pons
e tim
e on
e m
inut
e or
less
for
90%
of a
ctua
l con
cent
ratio
n•
Cap
able
of r
e-us
e af
ter e
xpos
ure
to
"hig
h" c
once
ntra
tions
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
6
13.4
Ide
al S
peci
ficat
ions
•P
orta
ble
•S
ingl
e ha
nd o
pera
tion,
cap
able
of b
eing
op
erat
ed b
y pe
rson
nel w
earin
g P
PE
•R
ugge
d -N
ot a
ffect
ed b
y ex
pect
ed
bum
ping
or s
win
ging
•Lo
ng c
alib
ratio
n cy
cle
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
7
13.4
Ide
al S
peci
ficat
ions
•C
hem
ical
and
phy
sica
l int
erfe
renc
e ch
arac
teriz
ed•
Sel
f dia
gnos
tics
capa
bilit
y (b
atte
ry c
heck
, ze
ro, e
tc.)
•C
apab
le o
f ope
ratin
g w
ith a
cha
rger
whe
n po
ssib
le to
min
imiz
e ba
ttery
dep
letio
n•
Per
form
ance
spe
cific
atio
ns e
stab
lishe
d an
d co
nsis
tent
bet
wee
n di
ffere
nt u
nits
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
8
Ope
ratio
nC
heck
cal
ibra
tion,
ope
ratio
n, b
atte
ryE
quilib
rate
in m
easu
rem
ent
envi
ronm
ent
Zero
in m
easu
rem
ent e
nviro
nmen
t (w
ithou
t pro
pella
nt)
Sam
ple
for a
ppro
pria
te le
ngth
of t
ime
•M
ay d
epen
d on
con
cent
ratio
nR
ecov
ery
time
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r38
9
Impo
rtanc
e of
Sta
ble
Zero
Res
pons
e of
mon
itor m
ay d
rift w
ith:
•Te
mpe
ratu
re•
Hum
idity
•B
ackg
roun
d ga
ses
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
0
Sam
plin
g Ti
me
Res
pons
e tim
e m
ay d
epen
don
co
ncen
tratio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
1
13.5
“C
alib
ratio
n”of
Mon
itors
Pro
duce
sta
ble
stre
ams
of k
now
n co
ncen
tratio
n•
Diff
icul
t with
reac
tive
spec
ies
Ver
ify c
once
ntra
tion
with
ana
lytic
al
tech
niqu
esE
xpos
e m
onito
rs in
sui
tabl
e co
nfig
urat
ion
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
2
13.5
.1 P
rodu
cing
Gas
Stre
ams
Trac
e ga
s st
anda
rds
•N
O2
in n
itrog
en
Per
mea
tion
syst
em fo
r hyd
razi
nes
•Te
flon
tube
s co
ntai
ning
hyd
razi
nes
•C
onst
ant t
empe
ratu
re g
lass
con
tain
er•
Flus
h co
ntai
ner w
ith n
itrog
en•
Com
bine
with
an
air s
tream
for d
ilutio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
3
13.5
.1.1
Per
mea
tion
Sys
tem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
4
13.5
.1.2
Per
mea
tion
Sys
tem
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
5
13.5
.2 A
naly
sis
of G
as S
tream
s
Qua
ntita
tive
trapp
ing
of k
now
n ga
s vo
lum
e•
Sul
furic
aci
d on
fire
bric
kD
esor
ptio
nin
to s
olut
ion
Ana
lysi
s•
Ele
ctro
chem
ical
mea
sure
men
t (c
oulo
met
ry)
•H
PLC
with
ele
ctro
chem
ical
det
ectio
n
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
6
13.5
.2.1
Fire
bric
k S
ampl
ing
for H
ydra
zine
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
7
13.5
.2.2
HP
LC fo
r Ana
lysi
s
5/9/
2006
NA
SA S
afet
y Tr
aini
ng C
ente
r39
8
Cou
rse
Out
line
Intro
duct
ion
Acc
iden
tsE
xam
ples
of t
he “p
robl
ems”
Ste
p 1
-Ide
ntify
the
Haz
ards
Toxi
city
Haz
ard
Rea
ctiv
ity H
azar
dFi
re H
azar
dE
xplo
sion
Haz
ard
Hyp
ergo
l Pro
perti
es,
Ref
eren
ces
& O
ther
In
form
atio
n
Ste
p 4
-Man
age
the
Ris
ks•
Prim
ary
Con
trols
Des
ign
Mat
eria
l Com
patib
ility
Bui
ld U
pO
pera
tion
•S
econ
dary
Con
trols
PP
ED
etec
tors
/Mon
itors
Cou
rse
Eva
luat
ions
