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Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information
Academic Year 2010/2011
Semester 1
H6675 Systems Analysis and Design
Case Study: Internet
Banking(With reference to Nov 2009 Exam question 5)
Course Coordinator: Mr Richard Xu Rong
Members:
1. Luo Wee Hiang, Sam G0803489K [email protected]
2. Selvaraj Vijayanand G0901659K [email protected]
3. Yin Marlar Myat G0901576B [email protected]
4. Yap Sheue Mui G0801656A [email protected]
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Table of contents
1. Case Study ...................................................................................................................... 12. Login ............................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Clarifications: Login ................................................................................................... 22.2 Use Case Diagram: Login ........................................................................................... 32.3 Use Case Description: Login....................................................................................... 32.4 System Sequence Diagram: Login .............................................................................. 52.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: Login ............................................................................ 6
3. View Account Summary ................................................................................................. 73.1 Clarifications: View Account Summary ..................................................................... 73.2 Use Case Diagram: View Account Summary ............................................................. 73.3 Use Case Description: View Account Summary ........................................................ 73.4
System Sequence Diagram: View Account Summary .............................................. 10
3.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: View Account Summary ............................................ 11
4. Inter Account Fund Transfer ......................................................................................... 124.1 Clarifications: Inter Account Fund Transfer ............................................................. 124.2 Use Case Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer ..................................................... 124.3 Use Case Description: Inter Account Fund Transfer ................................................ 124.4 System Sequence Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer ........................................ 164.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer ...................................... 17
5. State Transition Diagram .............................................................................................. 185.1 States Transition ........................................................................................................ 18
6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 19Appendix ARequirements Description ................................................................................ 20Appendix BThe Thinking Process ....................................................................................... 23References ................................................................................................................................ 24
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Login Use Case Diagram ........................................................................................... 3Figure 2: Login System Sequence Diagram .............................................................................. 5Figure 3: Login Sequence Diagram ........................................................................................... 6Figure 4: View Account Summary Use Case Diagram ............................................................. 7Figure 5: View Account Summary System Sequence Diagram .............................................. 10Figure 6: View Account Summary Detailed Sequence Diagram ............................................ 11Figure 7: Inter Account Fund Transfer Use Case Diagram ..................................................... 12Figure 8: Inter Account Fund Transfer System Sequence Diagram ........................................ 16Figure 9: Inter Account Fund Transfer Detailed Sequence Diagram ...................................... 17Figure 10: Internet Banking Application State transition Diagram ......................................... 18
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List of Tables
Table 1: Login Use Case Narration ........................................................................................... 4Table 2: View Account Summary Use Case Narration ............................................................. 9Table 3: Inter Account Fund Transfer Use Case Narration ..................................................... 15
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1. Case StudyJoe is a fresh graduate whom recently joined Centurion Information Systems Pte Ltd as a
System Analyst. Centurion has won a contract to develop an Internet Banking Application for
Trillion Wealth Bank a couple of months back. Joes boss, Don has just completed the
requirements gathering phase and tasked Joe to perform system analysis on the requirements
in order to derive the Use-Case Diagram, Use-Case Description, System Sequence Diagram,
Detailed Sequence Diagram and State Transition Diagram for the following Use-Cases;
Login View Account Summary Perform Inter Account Fund Transfer
Please refer to Appendix ARequirements Description Don has gathered for the above
mentioned Use-Cases.
Imagine yourself as Joe, what would you do in order to derive the above mentioned diagrams?
Being a newbie, Joe has a series of questionnaires to answer in order to deliver the product.
Please refer to Appendix BThe Thinking Process for the series of questions in Joes mind.
Armed with answers in his mind about the Process to deliver the product, Joe styled his
report in the following order for each Use-Case;
ClarificationsTo address uncertain portions Use-Case DiagramTo reflect the functions Actors may perform Use-Case NarrationDescription of the Use-Case, including System response System Sequence DiagramActor and System interactions Detailed Sequence DiagramApplication of the Model View Control methodology
for classes definition
Lastly, Joe included a single State Transition Diagram to cover all three Use-Cases and
concluded by summarizing the highlights in the adopted approach.
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2. Login2.1 Clarifications: Login1. Logging offTrillion Wealth explained that customers can only logged off from the
respective Screens;
a. After successfully logging inb. After execution of the View Account Summaryc. After execution/cancellation of the Inter Account Fund Transferd. After execution/cancellation of the Inter Bank Fund Transfer
2. Account ManagementTrillion Wealth explained that all customers Internet BankingAccount information (such as User IDs, Passwords, Mobile Phone numbers, Security
Question and Answer) are stored in a database application already implemented by
another vendor. The Internet Banking Application to be developed by Centurion may
provide login details to the external database application which perform the first layer of
authentication. Successful authentication would return the customer Internet Banking
Account information (less Security Question and Answer) as well as CustomerID
(primary key) to the Centurion Internet Banking Application. The One Time Password
(OTP) is not necessary as Customer set his/her own password during application, OTP is
required for cases when the System auto generates the password and Customers might be
prompted to change during the first time login
3. Security TokenTrillion Wealth explained that this is the second factor authentication.Customers whose User ID and Password were stolen have to lose their Security Tokens
physically in order to expose their accounts to possible thefts. Each customer Security
Token is unique and each time the button is pressed, customer must log in within 5
minutes or the randomly generated 6 digit pin would expire. This layer of authentication
would be managed by Trillion Wealth in-house IT Department. Centurion Internet
Banking Application will need to send CustomerID and the customer entered 6 digit pin
to the in-house system for second layer of verification. Successful verification would
present the Main Screen of the Internet Banking Application to the customer.
4. Joe added that Log off, Change of password and Retrieve password Use-Cases will bemodeled at a later stage.
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Step 7: Customer enters the pin on
displayed on his/her security token.
Customer is Log off.
Step 5: The System validates Customer
entered login details correctly.
Step 6: The System prompts Customer toenter his/her pin.
Step 8: The System verifies Customer
entered pin correctly.
Step 9: The System displays the Main
Screen.
Alternate
Courses:
Alt-Step 4: If the Customer state is locked or already logged on, notify Customer of the
unavailability.
Alt-Step 5: If Customer entered login details are invalid are the third time, change
Customer state to lock and notify Customer account is locked and to contact bank. If
Customer entered login details are invalid for less than 3 times, warn the Customer and
go to Step 2.
Alt-Step 8: If Customer entered pin is invalid are the third time, change Customer state to
lock and notify Customer account is locked and to contact bank. If Customer entered pin
is invalid for less than 3 times, warn the Customer and go to Step 6.
Conclusion: This use case concludes when the Customer views the Main Screen.
Post condition: Customer state is updated as Log on, any further attempts to log on will be denied.
Business Rules: Customer must apply and register for an Internet Banking Account beforeaccessing the application.
Customer must have the security token in possession. Customer has 3 attempts each for password verification and pin authentication
before being having his/her account locked.
Inform Customer to contact Bank if Account is locked.Implementation
Constraints and
Specifications:
Use case must be available to the Customer round the clock. Able to support up to 2000 concurrent Customers. Validation and Verification process must be completed by the System in not
more than 5 seconds.
Assumptions: Customer can log off only after successful logging in (separate use case). Customer can change or retrieve password (separate use case).
Customer can change security answer/question (separate use case). One Time Password is not necessary as the Password is set by the Customer
during registration
Open Issues: None
Table 1: Login Use Case Narration
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.4 System Sequence Diagram: Login
Figure 2: Login System Sequence Diagram
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.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: Login
Figure 3: Login Sequence Diagram
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3. View Account Summary3.1 Clarifications: View Account Summary1. All of the accounts information and details account transaction of a customer are already
stored in the database application developed by another vendor. Internet banking
application developed by Centurion just needs to retrieve customer requested information
from this database.
2. Customers accounts summary will be retrieved by means of CustomerID. For accountdetails will be retrieved by CustomerID and AccountID for one customer may have more
than one accounts.
3. For security reason, after idle time of 5 minutes, system will alert automatically whetherto drop the screen or not. If the users choice is Yes, the system will be logged out
automatically. Otherwise, the user has to log in again to view account summary.
3.2 Use Case Diagram: View Account Summary
Figure 4: View Account Summary Use Case Diagram
3.3 Use Case Description: View Account SummaryUse-Case Name: View Account Summary Use Case Type
Business Requirements:
System Analysis:
Use-Case ID: Internet Banking Use Case #2
Priority: High
Source: RequirementInternet Banking Requirement #7
Primary Business
Actor:
Trillion Wealth Bank Customer
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Primary System
Actor:
Trillion Wealth Bank Database (External Server Actor)
Other
Participating
Actors:
None
Other InterestedStakeholders:
None
Description: This use case describes the event of a Trillion Wealth Bank Customer viewing his/her
account summary. Customer can view the summary of his/her accounts by clicking on
A/C Summary link from the Main Screen. When he/she clicks on one of the account type,
detailed transactions of previous and current month for the selected account will be
displayed.
Precondition: Customer must successfully login to the Internet Banking Application.
Trigger: This use case is initiated when Customer selects View Account Summary option from the
Main Screen.
Typical Course of
Events:
Actor Action System Response
Step 1: Customer selects View AccountSummary.
Step 4: Customer selects one of the
account to view the transactions for default
period (current and previous one month).
Step 2: System retrieves all of Customersaccounts and the accounts current balance
from the Trillion Wealth Bank Database.
Step 3: System displays all of the
Customers account and the accounts
current balance.
Step 5: System retrieves Customer selected
account and its transactions for the stated
period from the Trillion Wealth Bank
Database.
Step 6: System displays all the transactions
within the stated period for selected
account.
Alternate
Courses:
Alt-Step 4: Customer selects exit and this use case terminates.
Alt-Step 4: Customer selects one of the account and the desired period to view the
transactions within the selected period. Go to Step 5.
Alt-Step 6:System finds nil transactions within the stated period and displays Nil
transactions.
Conclusion: This use case concludes when the Customer views his/her account summary or
transactions details for the selected account.
Post condition: None
Business Rules: Customer can only view accounts under their names.Implementation
Constraints and
Specifications:
This use case is available for all Trillion Wealth Internet Banking customers24/7 where internet access is available.
For the usability purpose, web screen provided to customers must be simple sothat they can learn and use easily.
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Assumptions: Screen idle time should be not more than 5 minutes for security purpose. If theidle time is 5 minutes, user will be asked that he wants to drop the screen or not.
If he chooses Yes, his account will be logged out automatically. Otherwise, he
will be shown the log in screen again.
The Trillion Wealth Internet Banking System provides Account Summary asone of the main categories and lets customers to access directly from the mainscreen. Other Internet Banking systems put it under Account Information
category.
Open Issues: If the screen design is complicated, novice users may face difficulty even for asimple use case.
Table 2: View Account Summary Use Case Narration
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3.4 System Sequence Diagram: View Account Summary
Figure 5: View Account Summary System Sequence Diagram
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3.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: View Account Summary
Figure 6: View Account Summary Detailed Sequence Diagram
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4. Inter Account Fund Transfer4.1 Clarifications: Inter Account Fund Transfer1. If there is any system failure, system will roll back to the last successful completed
transaction. Customer will be notified of unsuccessful transaction. This rollback will be
handled by the External Server Actor Trillion Wealth Bank Database.
2. Clicking the Refresh or Reload during a transaction session will terminate the current sessionand customer has to wait 5 minutes to be able to login again.
4.2
Use Case Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer
Figure 7: Inter Account Fund Transfer Use Case Diagram
4.3 Use Case Description: Inter Account Fund TransferUse-Case Name: Inter Account Fund Transfer Use Case Type
Business Requirements:
System Analysis:
Use-Case ID: Internet Banking Use Case #3
Priority: High
Source: RequirementInternet Banking Requirement #9
Primary Business
Actor
Trillion Wealth Bank Customer
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Primary System
Actor:
Trillion Wealth Bank Database (External Server Actor)
Other
Participating
Actors:
None
Other Interested
Stakeholders:
None
Description: This use case describes the event of a customer performing an inter account fund transfer
(Fund transfer within Trillion Wealth Bank). Customer can select which account to
transfer fund out and which account to receive funds from. Customer enters the amount
for transfer and selects immediate transfer or future transfer. When the transfer is
completed, the customer will receive a SMS notification if this option is activated.
Precondition: Customer must successfully login to the Internet Banking Application.
Trigger: This use case is initiated when Customer selects Inter Account Fund Transfer option from
the Main Screen.
Typical Course of
Events:
Actor action System response
Step 1: Customer selects Inter Account
Fund Transfer.
Step 3: Customer selects from one of
his/her own account to transfer fund out.
Step 4: Customer selects from one of
his/her own account to receive funds.
Step 5: Customer enters the amount for
transfer.
Step 6: Customers selects immediate
transfer and commits selection.
Step 12: Customer confirms the selection.
Step 2: System displays Inter Account
Fund Transfer Screen.
Step 7: System checks that the amount
transferred is greater or equal than the
minimum sum ($1.00).
Step 8: System checks that the amount
transferred is within the minimum
resolution ($0.01).
Step 9: System checks that the amount
transferred is less than the selected account
available balance.
Step 10: System checks that the remainingbalance after transferred is greater than the
minimum balance ($20.00).
Step 11: System displays the transfer
details for customer to verify.
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Step 13: System invokes the external
Trillion Wealth Bank Database with
Customer entered details to perform the
fund transfer transaction.
Step 14: System received the successful
transferred confirmation from the external
Trillion Wealth Bank Database.
Step 15: System informs Customer of the
successful completion of transaction.
Step 16: System send SMS notification to
the Customer if he/she opt in for the
service and that the transfer type is to other
person.
Alternate
Courses:
Alt-Step 3, 4, 5, 6, 12: Customer selects cancel and this use case terminates.
Alt-Step 6: Customer entered a postdated date. Go to Step 7.
Alt-Step 7: System checks that the amount transferred is greater or equal than the
minimum sum ($1.00) and informs the Customer. Go to Step 2.
Alt-Step 8: System checks that Customer entered a transferred amount is not within the
minimum resolution ($0.01) informs the Customer. Go to Step 2.
Alt-Step 9: System checks that the amount transferred is less than the selected account
available balance and informs Customer. Go to Step 2.
Extension Point
(Extends from
Typical Course of
Event Step 4):
Actor action System response
Ext-Step 1: Customer selects another
persons account to receive funds.
Ext-Step 3: Customer enters the receiving
account holder initials.
Ext-Step 4: Customer enters the receiving
account type.
Ext-Step 5: Customer enters the receiving
account number.
Go to Step 5 in Typical Course of
Events.
Ext-Step 2: System responds by prompting
for the receiving account information.
Conclusion: This use case concludes when the customer receives a transfer confirmation message.
Post condition: The right amount of fund is transferred from the selected account to the designated
account.
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Business Rules: Funds transferred are in local currency. Customer can only transfer funds out of accounts under their names. Only 3 types of accounts that funds can be transferred outPersonal Savings,
Joint Savings and Current.
Minimum sum of $20.00 to be maintained after the transfer for Personal Savingsand Joint accounts
Current account can be $0.00 after transfer but cannot be negative. Minimum amount to be transferred is $1.00 and minimum resolution is $0.01.
Implementation
Constraints and
Specifications:
Use case must be available to the customer round the clock Validation of account numbers and verification of minimum sum must be in not
more than 5 seconds
A cancel button available to Customer before confirmation.Assumptions: Rollback capability provided by Trillion Wealth Bank Database (External Server
Actor).
Background worker in to detect the Reload/Refresh button of the browser wouldtrigger an automated logoff. The Background worker is transparent to the
Customer and therefore need not model here.
Open Issues: None
Table 3: Inter Account Fund Transfer Use Case Narration
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.4 System Sequence Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer
Figure 8: Inter Account Fund Transfer System Sequence Diagram
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.5 Detailed Sequence Diagram: Inter Account Fund Transfer
Figure 9: Inter Account Fund Transfer Detailed Sequence Diagram
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6. ConclusionFrom this Internet Banking Application case study, the sequential application of analysis
processes and methodologies are the main takeaways in System Analysis and Design.
The processbegins with Users requirements which form the scope of the project. Analyst
should clarify all ambiguous requirements prior to analysis.
The next step is to perform analysis modelling which Analyst needs to identify role playing
actors and use cases for functional as well as non-functional requirements. The actors and use
cases are translated into Use Case diagram followed by the narration of the Use Case diagram.
From the Use Case narration, the nouns (objects) and verbs (methods) are identified and translate
into System Sequence Diagram that describes the ActorSystem interactions. The detailed
Sequence Diagram is then derived based on the Model View Control (MVC) approach whereby
the classes, methods and arguments are specified in details for implementation into codes byprogrammers.
Lastly, a consolidated State Transition diagram is derived to describe the required screens and
the navigation between them.
This case study emphasised on the importance of analysis process, applied methodologies and
techniques. Resulting output (diagrams and documentation) for one process becomes the input of
the next process and by adopting this set of sequential approach, Analysis and Design can be
applied to all developing Systems in a systematic and comprehensive manner.
Future studies
Efforts can be spend to improve on three areas; Development Scope, Time and Cost.
ScopeApply PIECES framework to ensure scope are comprehensively covered TimeAdopt the hybrid approach of the waterfall model during analysis and design CostExplore the feasibility for COTS products
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Appendix ARequirements Description
Login
All Trillion Wealth Bank customers need to register and be issued with an Internet Bankingaccount before they can access the Internet Banking Application. During registration, customer
must provide the following;
User ID6 to 12 alphanumeric characters to represent each customer Password6 to 12 alphanumeric characters for authentication Security Question and AnswerQuestion and Answer each in string of not more than
250 characters for retrieval of password
Mobile phone number (optional)For SMS notification of Internet Banking transactions(Inter Account Fund Transfer and Inter Bank Fund Transfer only) carried out by requester.
Customer may opt out of the service
Upon registration, customer will be issued a security token whereby customer manually pressed
the button on the token to display a 6 digit pin for verification purpose during login.
Customer can access the login URL from the Banks main URL. During login, customer enters
his/her unique User ID and password for authentication. Thereafter, customer enters the 6 digit
pin generated from the security token for verification. Customer has 3 attempts for authentication
and verification after which his/her Internet Banking account would be locked. Locked accounts
can be unlocked at any branches or by phone call to Trillion Wealth Bank customer service.
Upon successful login, the main screen is displayed and customer may select options to View
Account Summary, perform Inter Account Bank Transfer and Inter Bank Account Transfer.
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View Account Summary
Each customer may have up to 5 categories of accounts and each category may have its own
types of account;
Savings accountUp to 1 Personal Savings account & 1 Joint Savings account
Current account Credit Card accountTrillion Wealth Visa & Trillion Wealth Master Investment accountUnit Trust & Fixed Deposit Loan accountHousing loan and Car loan
Upon request, the latest account balance for each of the customer available account types would
be displayed. Customer may select each account type for detailed view (previous month and
current month transactions). If there are no transactions during this period, the term Nil
transactions would be displayed.
E.g. If Johnny has a Personal Savings account, a Joint Savings account & Trillion Wealth Visa
account; selecting the View Account Summary for him would display the 3 accounts latest
balance. Johnny selects his Trillion Wealth Visa account and the previous month as well as
current month transactions would be displayed.
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Inter Account Fund Transfer
For Inter Account Fund Transfer within Trillion Wealth, all customers can only transfer funds
out of accounts under their names, including Joint Savings account. There are only 3 types ofaccounts that funds can be transferred out from and to certain account types only. The types of
Inter Account Fund Transfer are as follows;
Types of account: - Transfer
From Trillion Wealth To Trillion Wealth
Own accounts Others accounts
Personal Savings account - Joint Savings account- Current account- Fixed Deposit
- Personal Savings account- Joint Savings account
Joint Savings account - Personal Savings account- Current account- Fixed Deposit
- Personal Savings account- Joint Savings accountCurrent account - Personal Savings account
- Joint Savings account- Fixed Deposit
- Nil
Personal Savings account and Joint Savings account has to maintain a minimum sum of $20.00
after the transfer. There is no minimum sum to be maintained for Current account, can be $0.00
but cannot be negative. There are no charges for Internal Account Fund Transfer but the
minimum amount to be transferred is $1.00 and the minimum amount resolution is $0.01. If
customer opts in for the SMS notification, he/she would be notified of the transaction for transfer
to others account only indicating the amount transferred from/to respective account numbers.
E.g. Husband and Wife are customers of Trillion Wealth Bank and both opted for SMS
notification. Husband has $21.01 in his Personal Savings account. He transfers $1.01 to Wifes
Personal Savings account at no charges and receives a SMS notification citing:From Trillion
Wealth: Inter Account Fund Transfer - $1.01 has been transferred from Personal Savings
Account: 008-44144-0 to Personal Savings Account: 168-88188-1. Wife receives no
notification as she is not the one initiating the transaction.
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Appendix BThe Thinking Process
Below are a series of questionnaires Joe must find out;
1. Clarification of RequirementsWere the requirements clear, concise, complete andunambiguous? The set of Requirements would become the baseline for software testing
which in turn determine the results of the final implementation.
2. Identify the actorsWho are the role players here? What are the external Systems thatrequired interfacing were already in place? Can generalization of the actors take place here?
The actors are outside the System boundaries which are already implemented.
3. Identify the Use-CasesThe 4 Use-Cases were already identified here. Joe must ask himselfwhat are the scale of these Use-Cases? Are there too large to be implemented? Can the Use-
Cases be further broken down? Any missing Use-Cases?
4. Draw the Use-Case DiagramsWhat are the relationships between the Use-Cases? Anyinclude, extend or dependencies? What about the relationships (association or initiates) to the
actors?
5. Describe the Use-CasesNarrate the Use-Case Diagrams in Users perspective. This enablesUsers to envision how the System would be used even before its implementation. Do the
descriptions lead to the fulfillment of the requirements? What are the scenarios (alternate
flows) in the Use-Cases?
6. Draw the Sequence DiagramsThis is done using the Use-Cases description. The sequencediagrams describe the process flows and interactions among the entities. What are the data,control and boundary entities? What are the persistence data of the entities? What should be
the logical sequence of the interactions? What are the arguments in the interactions? Through
the design of this diagram; Joe slowly realized the structure of his coding. The entities will
become Classes and their persistence data become the Attributes. The set of interactions will
lead to Methods and the arguments become the Parameters inside.
7. Draw the State Transition DiagramWhat are the available screens in the Internet BankingApplication? What are the conditions for these screens to be realized and how does the
transition occurred? How should the System react to each state?
8. Repeat Step 1 through 7Go back to requirements to ensure all are covered. Are they anymissing/broken links? Keep refining the Use-Cases.
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References
1. Bentley and Whitten, Systems Analysis & Design for the Global Enterprise (7thedition),McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York, 2008.