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Team DevelopmentAgenda
• Questions from previous session• BlackBoard comments & questions• Team building
• Developmental model for teams• Rationale for TB• Culture & norm considerations• Stages of teams• TB example & contrast• Reflective learning
• Next week: teams present TB design & rationale for feedback• Team time on handbook
Team Building: Design & Processes
• Team development
• Rationale for teambuilding
• Assessing the context
• Microlab structure
• Tuckman’s stages of team development
• Sample teambuilding sequence
• Reflective learning
• What are the assumptions of a developmental model? (think human development)
• What’s the difference between team building & team development?
• When (under what conditions or events) do you think team building should be done?
If you don’t know your team members, you don’t have a team, and it doesn’t matter how high you can jump!
Risk-Taking
The Jo-Hari Window– a rationale for acquaintance & team building
Team building usually doesn’t just happen
Considerations for Team Building
Background• History, norms, culture• Context of current request
• Why now (not 6 months earlier/later?)• What happens if TB is not done?
• What do you want to be different?• What’s prevented this from happening until now?
Evaluation• What are the immediate, short and long term indications that TB was
successful? (e.g., Kirkpatrick Model)
Design• Sufficient time (2-3 hours); protected time (retreat)• Homework, preparation• Legitimacy, authorization, support• Materials (handouts, surveys, facilities, A-V, etc.)• Structured exercises & processing
Positive experiences
Key incidents
16 weeks
X
X
XX
XX
X
X
X
3 hours
Microlab
# # # # # # # # #
Negative experiences
Sequence of structured exercises
Laboratory Education or T-group (Training Group)
Tuckman Stages of Team Development
1. Forming
2. Storming3. Norming
4. Performing
ReformingJoiningAdjourning
• Differences, influence, power, conflict, complementing
• Acquaintance, goals, roles, procedures, constraints, resources, schedule, etc.
• Team cohesion, norms, conformity, groupthink risk, team espirit
• High performing team: Task focus, quality, productive, reflective, espirit, etc.
Low Task Emphasis High
Low
Soc
ial E
mph
asis
Hig
h
1. What is our understanding of the goals and objectives which this team was organized to achieve? How can we ensure we are all going in the same direction?
2. What special skills, information, backgrounds, and expertise do each of us bring to this team?
3. What structure, format, style and schedule do we prefer for our meetings?4. What roles do each of us prefer on a team? What are our strong and weak roles?
Which do we over/underuse?5. What are our preferred styles of working and relating? How can these differences
be used to complement each other, and be sequenced for more effective problem solving?
6. What stresses each of us? How might our styles change under pressure? What can we look for as signs of stress? How can we give useful and acceptable feedback and support at these times?
7. About what are we most likely to disagree? What are our preferred modes of conflict and conflict resolution? How can we disagree constructively?
8. What can we do to enhance the identity and cohesiveness of this team? How can we create our own team culture?
9. What norms do we bring from other team experiences? What norms would we like to explicitly include or avoid?
10. How can we ensure a team culture in which we can freely question and update restrictive norms?
11. How can we best monitor and discuss our team processes so we can continue to develop and improve?
Stage 1: FormingAssessing resources & setting direction
Stage 2:StormingPositioning, influence, conflict, complemen-tarity
Stage 3:NormingIdentity, cohesion, monitor norms
Stage 4:PerformingMaintain high performance
Using the MBTI in teambuilding
For Week 3: Your team task is to—
• In 30” present the design for a 2 hour team-building experience for a group and setting
• Prepare a brief (20”) class presentation of your design (include outline of objectives, activities & rationale)
• Plan for 10” of discussion, comments and audience constructive feedback
• Reflect on and discuss your own team processes in constructing this design: • What did we observe about our own team processes?• What should we stop, start, or continue?
TaskCompletion
Task Origin
?
Reflection
Interpretation
Application
Implementation
ReflectiveLearningCycle
Nose to the grindstoneVsContinuous Learning
Dewey
Kolb
Deming
Pfeiffer & Jones
NTL
TaskCompletion
Task Origin
Reflection: What do you notice?• awareness• vocabulary• risk taking• opportunity
Interpretation: What does it reflect/mean?• theory/schema• dialogue• systems thinking
Application: how can we use it?• test hypotheses• action planning
Implementation
ReflectiveLearningCycle
The “Real” Learning Organization—All levels, all the time
Organizational Learning
Team Learning
Personal Learning
3S Team Reflection
STAY: What did we do that worked well for us and we should continue?
STOP: What did we do that got in our way and we should discontinue?
START: What didn’t we do that would make us more effective and we should start?