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Teagasc Na�onal F arm Survey Preliminary Results
2019
Trevor Donnellan , Brian Moran, John Lennon & Emma Dillon
Rural Economy Development Programme, Teagasc,Athenry, Co. Galway.
Outline
1. 2019 Summary & Family Farm Income Definition
2. Overview of Farm Income Results 2019
-Farm Systems Analysis -Income Distribution -Regional Results
3. Receipt of Direct Payments 2019
4. Investment & Borrowings
5. Farm Demographics
6. Farm Viability
7. Conclusion
Interpreting Boxplots
The green shaded boxes are representative of between 25% and 75% of the population. The line within the box represents the median (middle) data point, i.e. half of all farms lie below this with half above. The tails at either end correspond to the minimum and maximum data points with extreme outliers removed.
Family Farm Income Definition
Calculated by deducting all farm costs from total gross output. Family labour is not included as a cost so FFI is the return to family labour, management and investment.
Growth Curve from Pasture Base Ireland 2019
Avg Concentrate usage on Dairy Farms by NUTS II Region 2017 - 2019
Farm Population 2019
28.6K
25.5K
16.1K
1.1K
Sheep 14.3K
Tillage 6.9K
Cattle Other
Cattle Rearing
Dairying
Mixed Liv…
Family Farm Income by System 2019Farm System Family Farm Income
ALL SystemsCattle OtherCattle RearingDairyingMixed LivestockSheepTillage
€ 23,934€ 13,893€ 9,188
€ 66,570€ 54,765€ 14,604€ 34,437
Aggregated FFI % 2019
49%
18%
11%
11%
Sheep 9% Dairying
Cattle Other
Tillage
Cattle R…
Family Farm Income 2010 - 2019 € per farm
€ 20,000
€ 40,000
€ 60,000
€ 80,000
Fam
ily F
arm
Inco
me
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Farm System ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage Average FamilyFarm Income
2019
€ 23,934
Unpaid Labour units per farm
Dairying
ALL Systems
Sheep
Tillage
Cattle Rearing
Cattle Other
1.38
1.03
1.03
0.98
0.96
0.91
FFI & FFI per AWU 2019 € per farm
€ 0
€ 20,000
€ 40,000
€ 60,000
€ 80,000
€ 100,000
Fam
ily F
arm
Inco
me
and
Inco
…
Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
€ 13.9K€ 9.2K
€ 66.6K
€ 14.6K
€ 34.4K
15.9K11.5K
51.3K
14.7K
39.9K
Family Farm Income Income_per_unpaid_lab_unit
FFI Distribution by Farm System 2019 FFI per AWU by Farm System 2019
Distribution of Family Farm Income % of farms by FFI Bracket
10-20K
20-30K
30-50K 50-7…
70-100K >100K
0-10K
20
12
10 5
5 444
Distribution of FFI - Dairy Farms 2019
10-20K 7%
20-30K 11%
30-50K 20%
50-70K 16%
70-100K 20%
>100K 19%
0-10K 6%
Distribution of FFI - Cattle Rearing Farms 2019
10-20K 23%
20-30K 8%
30-50K 4%70-100K 1%
0-10K 63%
Family Farm Income Distribution 2019
44% earn less than €10,000
4% of farms earn in excess of €100,000
Major differences accross Farming Systems
Eastern & MidlandFarm System No Of Farms
UAA
ALL SystemsCattle OtherCattle RearingTillageSheepDairying
17,9506,9873,5382,6912,4172,014
47.538.836.166.841.172.0
Northern & WesternFarm System
No Of Farms UAA
ALL SystemsCattle OtherCattle RearingDairyingSheepTillage
33,94610,11113,2492,3528,061
173
33.729.530.351.039.140.7
SouthernFarm System
No Of Farms UAA
ALL SystemsCattle OtherCattle RearingDairyingSheepTillage
39,60010,7499,386
11,7083,8443,747
48.441.232.258.362.659.5
Farm System
All
Farm Population by Region
No of Dairy Cows & Total Livestock Units per farm
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
65
79
63
7166
78
64
99
120120
119108
103
117
Dairy Cows Total Livestock Units
Milk Production & Milk Sales per hectare
9K
10K
11K
12K
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
9.8K
11.8K
9.4K
11.4K
11.4K
9.8K
11.0K
10.5K
11.1K
10.3K
11.4K
8.9K
10.5K
10.0K
11.0K
9.3K
9.8K
10.5K
10.9K
Milk Produced per ha Milk Sales per ha
Dairy Stocking Rate - Cows per ha
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
1.90
2.09
1.88
2.092.07
2.032.03
Milk Yield per cow (litres) - Cows per ha
5,000
5,200
5,400
5,600
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
5,099
5,588
4,968
5,440
5,318
5,170 5,150
Dairy UAA & Dairy Forage Area
30
40
50
60
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
34
38
33
34
33
3736
54.7
58.858.9
56.1
56.258.757.6
Dairy Forage Area ha UAA ha
Dair y Trends 2010 - 2019
FFI 2019 - € per farm
€ 66,570
Dairy Farm Income 2015-2019
€ 0K
€ 20K
€ 40K
€ 60K
€ 80K
€ 100K
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
€ 64K € 67K
€ 89K
€ 54K€ 61K
Output & Margins cents per litre of milk 2015-2019Year
Milk pricecpl
TotalProductionCosts cpl
Net Margincpl
20152016201720182019
31.128.237.035.734.7
22.722.023.427.125.1
9.86.6
15.09.5
10.1
Farm Characteristics 2015-2019Year
Family Labour Total Area_Owned UAA FFI per ha FFI per cow
20152016201720182019
1.391.381.391.361.38
1.601.621.641.621.64
47.247.347.346.647.2
57.658.858.958.758.8
€ 1,109€ 919
€ 1,508€ 1,046€ 1,132
€ 904€ 717
€ 1,152€ 789€ 839
Soil Types
57
4
38
Soil Group 1
Soil Group 3
Soil Group 2
Dair ying S ystem Results
National
Region
National
Region
National
Financial Performance per hectare 2017-2019
€ 0K
€ 1K
€ 2K
€ 3K
€ 4K
2017 2018 2019
€ 3.7K € 3.7K€ 3.6K
€ 1.3K€ 1.5K€ 1.6K
€ 2.4K€ 2.2K€ 2.1K
€ 0.9K € 1.0K€ 1.0K
€ 1.5K
€ 1.1K€ 1.0K
Gross Output Direct Costs Gross Margin Overhead Costs FFI
Selected Dairy technical performace Indicators 2017 - 2019Year
Stocking Rate(Cows /ha)
Conc FeedKg per cow
SCC Yield percow (lt)
Milk Producedper ha (lt)
201720182019
2.092.072.09
1,0371,3781,122
163178164
5,4175,4575,588
11,39611,38311,799
Dair ying S ystem Results National
Concentrates Fed per Cow by Stocking Rate 2018-2019
Region
National
Average Farm Costs per hectare 2015 - 2019
€ 800
€ 900
€ 1,000
€ 1,100
€ 1,200
€ 1,300
€ 1,400
€ 1,500
€ 1,600
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
€ 1,231
€ 1,499
€ 1,595
€ 1,228
€ 1,289
€ 864
€ 1,028
€ 850
€ 1,006
€ 917
Direct_Costs_ha Overhead_Costs_ha
Farm System
Dairying
Average Total Farm Costs 2015 -2019
€ 0K
€ 20K
€ 40K
€ 60K
€ 80K
€ 100K
€ 120K
€ 140K
€ 160K
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
€ 70,937€ 88,209€ 93,556
€ 75,924€ 72,205
€ 49,793
€ 60,500
€ 53,983€ 50,016
€ 59,019
Direct_Costs Overhead_Costs
Dair ying S ystem Results
National
Region
National
Selected Costs per farm 2015 - 2019
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
€ 9.3K
€ 10.8K€ 10.7K
€ 10.7K€ 10.0K
€ 4.9K
€ 7.5K€ 6.8K€ 6.6K
€ 7.1K
€ 10.1K
€ 8.8K€ 8.2K
€ 9.3K€ 9.0K
€ 5.4K € 6.2K€ 5.9K€ 5.6K€ 6.1K
9.0K
9.1K8.5K 8.8K
8.8K
€ 5.5K€ 5.0K€ 4.1K € 5.3K€ 4.8K
€ 5.9K€ 6.0K€ 5.8K€ 5.4K
€ 8.7K
€ 11.4K
€ 9.3K€ 8.8K
€ 11.2K€ 13.5K
€ 14.4K€ 12.1K
€ 12.4K
€ 13.8K€ 14.3K
€ 19.1K
€ 13.3K
€ 17.5K
€ 14.1K
€ 4.8K
€ 6.0K
€ 25.5K
€ 36.5K€ 42.3K
€ 29.5K€ 26.8K
€ 3.6K
Casual_LabourLivestock_AI_VetInterest_ChargesBuildings_MaintenanceCar_Electricity_PhoneMachinery_OperatingOther_OCOther_DCCurrent_Hired_LabourLand RentalHire_of_MachineryFertiliserFarm DepreciationBulky FeedConcentrates
Farm System
Dairying Costs o f Pr oduction by S ystem
FFI per hectare 2019
€ 0
€ 500
€ 1,000
€ 1,500
€ 2,000
2017 2018 2019
€ 1,517
€ 1,116€ 992
€ 1,275
€ 857€ 871
€ 1,550
€ 1,196
€ 1,099
Region Eastern & Midland Northern & We… Southern
Selected Dairy technical performace Indicators 2019Region Conc Feed per
cow kgConc feedcent per litre
Milk Price Net Margin FFI per cow Gross_Margin_cow Gross_Margin_ha
Eastern & MidlandNorthern & WesternSouthern
1,1241,5051,017
5.567.525.38
34.733.734.9
9.66.9
11.0
€ 760€ 679€ 907
€ 1,605€ 1,499€ 1,629
€ 2,356€ 1,893€ 2,148
Farm Characteristics 2019Region Dairy
CowsArea Ownedha
UAA ha Stocking Ratecows per ha
FamilyLabour
TotalLabour
Eastern & MidlandNorthern & WesternSouthern
105.764.476.9
53.741.947.8
72.051.058.3
2.261.882.11
1.281.411.40
1.781.661.60
Dairy Population 2019
Southern 73%
15%
13%
Northern …
Eastern & Midland
Dairy Cows per farm 2019
60
80
100
2015 2020
Dair ying S ystem Results
Regional
FFI 2019 - € per farm
€ 9,188
Income Drivers-Gross Output up 2%-Increase in Direct Payments up 12%-Direct Costs down 8%-Feed down 20%-Fertiliser down 8%-FFI up 11%
Cattle Farm Income 2017 - 2019
€ 0K
€ 5K
€ 10K
€ 15K
2017 2018 2019
€ 10.6K€ 9.2K
€ 8.2K
€ 13.1K € 14.7K€ 13.1K
Family Farm Income Total Direct Payments
Farm Characteristics 2017 - 2019
Year
FarmerAge
FamilyLabour
Area_Owned
UAA FFI per ha Suckler Cows LivestockUnits
Gross_Margin_ha
201720182019
54.958.859.3
0.950.920.96
29.328.729.3
32.630.831.9
€ 326€ 268€ 288
24.022.623.5
36.8235.1536.65
€ 758€ 732€ 763
Cattle R ear ing System Results
National
Region
National
Population Represented by Farming System 2019
13.2KSouthern 9.4K
3.5K
Northern & Western
Eastern & Midland
Cattle Farm Income 2019
€ 0K
€ 5K
€ 10K
€ 15K
€ 20K
Eastern & Midland Northern & Western Southern
€ 12.6K
€ 8.8K€ 8.0K
€ 16.7K
€ 14.3K € 14.4K
Family Farm Income Direct_Payments_Subs
Farm Characteristics 2019Region Farmer Age UAA Suckler
CowsLivestockUnits
GrossOutput perha
DirectPaymentsper ha
FFI per ha Off farmemploymentHolder %
Eastern & MidlandNorthern & WesternSouthern
65.456.160.3
36.130.332.2
29.921.223.0
46.6833.5935.21
€ 1,254€ 1,121€ 1,114
€ 462€ 471€ 447
€ 349€ 290€ 249
27.948.134.7
Cattle R ear ing System Results
Regional
FFI 2019 - € per farm
€ 13,893
Income Drivers 2019
-Gross Output down 4%-Direct Payments up 10%-Direct Costs down 6%-Feed down 12%-Fertiliser down 8%-FFI down 5%
Cattle Farm Income 2017 - 2019
€ 0K
€ 5K
€ 10K
€ 15K
€ 20K
2017 2018 2019
€ 16.1K
€ 13.9K€ 14.8K€ 15.4K
€ 17.9K€ 16.3K
Family Farm Income Total Direct Payments
Farm Characteristics 2017 - 2019
Year FarmerAge
FamilyLabour
Area_Owned
UAA FFI per ha LivestockUnits
201720182019
56.659.259.5
0.880.900.91
33.435.333.9
35.037.236.2
€ 460€ 397€ 384
47.2050.3847.61
Cattle Other System Results
National
Region
National
Population Represented by Farming System 2019
Southern 10.7K
10.1K
7.0K
Northern & Western
Eastern & Midland
Cattle Farm Income 2019
€ 0K
€ 5K
€ 10K
€ 15K
€ 20K
€ 25K
Southern Eastern & Midland Northern &Western
€ 16.6K
€ 13.0K € 12.1K
€ 20.1K€ 18.3K
€ 15.5K
Family Farm Income Direct_Payments_Subs
Farm Characteristics 2019Region Farmer Age UAA Suckler
CowsLivestockUnits
Gross Outputper ha
Direct Paymentsper ha
FFI per ha Off farm job Holder %
Northern & WesternEastern & MidlandSouthern
55.260.362.4
29.538.841.2
9.011.19.8
38.0953.5451.91
€ 1,376€ 1,404€ 1,363
€ 524€ 471€ 487
€ 411€ 334€ 403
52.036.030.6
Gross New Investment 2019
€ 0K
€ 2K
€ 4K
€ 6K
Southern Eastern &Midland
Northern &Western
Gross_New_Investmnt Net_New_Investmnt
Cattle Other System Results
Regional
FFI 2019 - € per farm
€ 14,604
Income Drivers 2019
-Market output is down-Direct payments +2%-Overall Costs down 6 %-Feed down 18%-Fertiliser expenditure down 10%-FFI up 9%
Sheep Farm Income 2017 - 2019
€ 0K
€ 5K
€ 10K
€ 15K
€ 20K
2017 2018 2019
€ 17.4K
€ 14.6K€ 13.3K
€ 18.6K € 19.3K€ 19.0K
Family Farm Income Total Direct Payments
Farm Characteristics 2017 - 2019
Year FarmerAge
FamilyLabour
Area_Owned
UAA FFI per ha LivestockUnits
Ewes
201720182019
58.459.658.9
1.081.061.03
41.642.742.0
47.348.247.0
€ 367€ 277€ 311
54.6452.9452.11
133.0127.2132.7
Sheep S ystem Results
National
Region
National
Income Drivers
-Yields up-Prices down-Input costs up-FFI down 15%
FFI 2019 - € per farm
€ 34,437
Tillage Farm Income 2017 - 2019
€ 0K
€ 10K
€ 20K
€ 30K
€ 40K
€ 50K
2017 2018 2019
€ 36,048 € 34,437
€ 40,601
€ 22,900€ 25,349
€ 22,404
Family Farm Income Direct_Payments_Subs
Farm Characteristics 2017 - 2019Year
FarmerAge
Area_Owned
UAA FFI per ha Tillage Area CerealArea
TotalLivestockUnits
Gross_Margin_ha
201720182019
59.360.258.2
52.149.551.2
59.560.060.6
€ 605€ 677€ 568
36.4936.8537.05
31.5732.4733.06
31.6132.4034.29
€ 1,176€ 1,285€ 1,235
Tillage S ystem Results
National
Direct Payments per ha by Year and Farm System 2010 - 2019
€ 300
€ 350
€ 400
€ 450
€ 500
€ 550
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Farm SystemALL Systems
Cattle Other
Cattle RearingDairying
Sheep
Tillage
Direct Payments by Year and Farm System 2010 - 2019
€ 10K
€ 15K
€ 20K
€ 25K
€ 30K
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Farm SystemALL Systems
Cattle Other
Cattle RearingDairying
Sheep
Tillage
Pillar_1 and Pillar_II Payments by Farm System 2019
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ALLSystems
CattleOther
CattleRearing
Dairying Sheep
70% 69%
58%
81%
63%
30% 31%
42%
19%
37%
M_Pillar_1 M_Pillar_II
Pillar II Payment Dissagregation by Farm System 2019
0K
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
6K
7K
ALLSystems
CattleOther
CattleRearing
Dairying Sheep
2017 1984 2071 2060
2571
1713 1928 1835
678
2213
785639
1603
545
232
1164
266 363
257
183
280
177
ANC
GLAS
BDGP & BEEPSheep Welfare
Forestry
Organics
Region
National
BEAM Scheme Participatio…
0% 100%
42%
Select Farm System ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
BEEP Average payment €
0K
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
ALLSystems
BEEP Scheme Participatio…
0% 100%
23%
GLAS Scheme Participatio…
0% 100%
38%
GLAS Average payment €
0K
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
ALLSystems
BDGP Scheme Participati…
0% 100%
32%
BDGP Average payment €
0K
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
ALLSystems
2019 Selected Schemes - % participation & Average Payments for participating farmers
BEAM Average payment €
0K
1K
2K
3K
4K
5K
ALLSystems
Scheme Participation by Farm System 2019
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
% Yes ANC
% Yes FORESTRY
% Yes KT_SCHEME
% Yes ORGANIC_SCHEME
% Yes Sheep Welfare
% Yes Tams
Average payment per farm by scheme participation 2019
0K
5K
10K
15K
20K
ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
Avg EU ANC
Avg EU FORESTRY
Avg EU KT_SCHEME
Avg EU ORGANIC_SCHEME
Avg EU Sheep Welfare
Avg EU Tams
Gross Farm Investment by Farm System € per farm 2019
€ 0
€ 10,000
€ 20,000
€ 30,000
Gro
ss_N
ew_I
nves
tmnt
2017 2018 2019
Farm System ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
Type of Farm Investment € per farm 2019
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
Land
Impr
ovem
ents
, Bui
ldin
…
ALL Systems Cattle Other CattleRearing
Dairying Sheep Tillage
4.0K
15.5K
6.6K5.8K
2.9K 2.4K
15.7K
13.1K
2.2K
Land Improvements Buildings Machinery
Investment Subsidies Recieved € per farm 2019Farm System
Capital Grants TAMS
ALL SystemsCattle OtherCattle RearingDairyingMixed LivestockSheepTillage
6928923
27961405273
1493
Investment 2019
On-farm investment up 2% to €983 million.
Over half this invested on Dairy farms
Average Investment €33,091 per Dairy farm in 2019
Farm Debt by Farm System € per farm 2019
€ 0
€ 20,000
€ 40,000
€ 60,000
€ 80,000
Borr
owin
gs
2017 2018 2019
€ 21.0K € 22.4K€ 22.4K
€ 12.7K € 11.9K€ 12.5K€ 5.6K
€ 8.2K
€ 7.3K
€ 68.5K€ 72.1K
€ 74.6K
€ 8.5K € 6.8K€ 8.9K
€ 21.8K € 22.4K€ 19.3K
Farm System ALL Systems Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
Average Farm Debt € per ha 2019
€ 0 € 500 € 1,000
Dairying
ALL Systems
Tillage
Cattle Other
Cattle Rearing
Sheep
€ 1,226
€ 520
€ 369
€ 329
€ 258
€ 144
€ 1,132
€ 554
€ 568
€ 384
€ 288
€ 311
Loan Amount FFI
Farm Related Debt 2019
Average Debt level unchanged €22,444
2/3rds of Farms have no farm related debt
Large variation within Farm Systems
Farm Debt Type 2019
0%
50%
100%
Tillage Cattle Other Sheep Dairying Cattle Rearing
29%11% 9% 6% 6%
40%
14% 16% 14% 13%
30%
75% 75% 79% 81%
Short Term Finance Company Long Medium Term Loans
Farm With Debt % Population 2019
Dairying
ALL Systems
Tillage
Cattle Other
Cattle Rearing
Sheep
64.17%
37.66%
35.15%
34.34%
30.87%
26.10%
Farms With Debt € per farm & FFI 2019
€ 0K
€ 50K
€ 100K
Dairying Tillage CattleOther
CattleRearing
Sheep
€ 112.4K
€ 63.7K
€ 34.6K€ 26.6K € 25.9K
€ 74.5K
€ 48.6K
€ 15.3K € 10.5K€ 22.0K
Loan Amount FFI Loan
Farms With Debt - Average Borrowings € per farm (2014-2019)
€ 0K
€ 20K
€ 40K
€ 60K
€ 80K
€ 100K
€ 120K
€ 140K
Dairying Tillage Sheep Cattle Other CattleRearing
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Selected Farm Demographics Household Size 2019
0
2
4
Cattle Other CattleRearing
Dairying Sheep Tillage
2.5 2.6
3.3
2.32.8
% Farms Holder/Spouse in receipt of pension 2019
0
10
20
30
40
Cattle Other Cattle Rearing Dairying Sheep Tillage
% Holder that are Married 2019
0
50
100
Cattle Other CattleRearing
Dairying Sheep Tillage
Average Farmer Age 2012 - 2019
50
60
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Farm System ALL Systems Dairying
% Off-Farm employment 2012 - 2019
20
40
60
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Holder Spouse Holder &/or Spouse
Viable A farm business is viable if the farm income can remunerate family labour at the minimum agricultural wage and provide a 5% return on the capital invested in non-land assets. Sustainable If the farm business is not viable thehousehold is still considered sustainable if the farmer or spouse has an off-farm income. Vulnerable A farm household is considered to beeconomically vulnerable if the farm business is not viable and if neither the farmer nor spouse work off the farm.
Viability over time 2010 - 2019
30
35
40
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Vulnerable Viable Sustainable
Farm Viability 2019
32.9%
Viable 34.0%
33.0%SustainableVulnerable
Viability by Farm System 2019
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
CattleRearing
CattleOther
Sheep Dairying Tillage
44.6%37.5% 33.9%
13.2%20.9%
12.9% 24.5% 26.3%74.9% 62.5%
42.5% 38.0% 39.8%
11.9% 16.6%
Sustainable Viable Vulnerable
Region
National
