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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
Halfadoctornearisbetterthanawholeonefaraway.- GermanProverb
BiennialConferenceonChemicalEducation
August1,2016Greeley,CO
DavidC.Finster,WittenbergUniversity
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
Context:
UsingLSCSinallcourseswithlabsatWittenberg
Coverall73sectionsdistributedineightchapters:
1.Principles,EthicsandPractice (10)2.EmergencyResponse(8)3.UnderstandingandCommunicatingaboutLaboratoryHazards(6)4.RecognizingLaboratoryHazards:ToxicSubstancesandBiologicalAgents(7)5.RecognizingLaboratoryHazards:PhysicalAgents(16)6.RiskAssessment(6)7.Minimizing,Controlling,andManagingHazards(13)8.ChemicalManagement:Inspections,Storage,WastesandSecurity(7)
Sectionsinbookare“layered”as:
Introductorytopics (genchem /introorganic)Intermediate (organic,“wet”analytical,biochem…)Advancedandresearch (inorganic,pchem,instrumentation,seminar…)
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
3
HighlightingSectionsinLSCSfocusingontoxicology
3.1.1 RoutesofExposuretoHazards 1
3.1.3FindingHazardInformation:MaterialSafetyDataSheets,SafetyDataSheets,andtheGHS 1
4.1.1 ConceptsinToxicology 1
4.1.2 MeasuringToxicity 1
4.1.3 AcuteToxicity 1
6.2.2 UnderstandingOccupationalExposureLimits(OEL) 1
6.1.2 ManagingRisk– MakingDecisionsaboutSafety 1
4.2.1 ChronicToxicity 2
4.3.1 Carcinogens 2
4.3.2 BiologicalHazardsandBloodborne Pathogens 2
1.3.3 LawsandRegulationsPertainingtoSafety 3/4
4.3.3 HazardsofNanomaterials 3/4
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
Purposeandgoals:
Exposuretogeneralconcepts.Briefreadings;briefdiscussions
Whatwe(can)know,andwhatisveryhardtoknow.eg,“Howdowemeasuretoxicity?”
Howtousethisinformationinriskassessmentandriskmanagementasapreludetoperforminganexperiment.
Howreliableandaccuratearethedata?Howdowerelyonthesedatainordertomakedecisionsaboutsafety?
Casualreferenceto“factoryconditions”(withregardtoOELdata).MSDSs/SDSsdesignedfor“largervolumes/amounts”toprotectworkers.
Excellenttopicsfor“criticalthinking”Whatdoweknowandwithwhatcertaintytodoweknowit?Whatdoweneedtoknowtomakeadecision?ThePrecautionaryPrinciple(EPA,FDA)
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
3.1.1 GenChem
RoutesofExposuretoHazards
Inhalation,dermal/eyes,ingestion,injectionFactorsdeterminingextentofharm:dose,exposurelength,state(g,l,s)
Howshouldyouprotectyourselfinthelabbasedonthesefactors?
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Triflic acid [trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TA)]
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
3.1.3 GenChem
FindingHazardInformation:MaterialSafetyDataSheets,SafetyDataSheets,andtheGHS
Organizationofcategories:physical,health,environmental
Signalwords:“warning”and“danger”
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.1.1 GenChem
ConceptsinToxicology
Dose-responsecurvesandconceptsFactorsaffectingtoxicityAnimal-to-humantoxicityextrapolation
7
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.1.2 GenChem
MeasuringToxicity
LD50 /LC50“poisons”thresholds(NOAEL)(uncertaintiesindata)
OELs
8
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.1.3 GenChem
AcuteToxicity
Table4.1.3.1list
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
6.2.2 GenChem
UnderstandingOccupationalExposureLimits(OELs)
VariousOELstypesACGIH– TLVsOSHA– PELsNIOSH–RELs
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
6.1.2 GenChem
ManagingRisk– MakingDecisionaboutSafety
(First:6.1.1RiskAssessment)
“Whatissafe?”
TypesoflawsandregulationsZero-tolerance
DelanyClauseofFFDCA,1938Technology-based
Radon,4pCi/L;1/23,000Balancinglaws
SWDA,TSCA…
Risk-benefitanalysisBurdenofproof…
Manufacturer/providermustproveasubstanceissafe.Public/user/consumermustproveasubstanceisunsafe. 11
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.2.1 Organic
ChronicToxicity
Acute≠chronicEpidemiologyCasestudy:Hg
12
13
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.3.1 Organic
Carcinogens
DescribingcancerMutagensWorkingwithcarcinogens
Selectcarcinogens
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
1.3.3 Seminar
LawsandRegulationsPertainingtoSafety
CFR:OSHA/EPA
NRC
TSCA
1986 EmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-to-KnowAct
1996:AntiterrorismandEffectiveDeathPenaltyAct(“SelectAgents”)
2007:DHS– ChemicalFacilityAnti-terrorismStandards 14
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.3.2 Biochem
BiologicalHazardsandBloodborne Pathogens
Viruses/bacteria≠chemicalsBBPs
15
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
4.3.3 PChem
HazardsofNanoaterials
Anewareaofconcern;uniqueproperties
16
Multi-walledCarbonNanotubePenetratingthePleuraoftheLung
TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
Sincethisistheintroductiontotoxicologythroughthelensofasafetyprogramwedonotdiscuss…
DetailsoftoxicitytestingAbsorption,distribution,metabolism,eliminationoftoxicantsEnvironmentalfateoftoxicants
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TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram
From:IdentifyingandEvaluatingHazardsinResearchLaboratories
http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/identifying-and-evaluating-hazards-in-research-laboratories.pdf
(SeeCommitteeonChemicalSafetywebsite.)
TheFourStagesofCompetence,http://www.gordontraining.com/free-workplace-articles/learning-a-new-skill-is-easier-said-than-done/
1. Unconsciousincompetence: Youdon’tknowwhatyoudon’tknow.2. Consciousincompetence: Yourealizeyoudon’thaveadequateknowledge.3. Consciouscompetence: Youareabletofunctionsafelyandeffectively.4. Unconsciouscompetence: Youareveryknowledgeableandexperiencedregarding
thesubjectathand.
Thegoalofthiseffortinteachingtoxicologyistogetthemfrom1à 2,andalittleof3.
Discussion….18