Teaching & Learning Day School 2

Lesson 4Domains of Learning

Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, students should be

able to:

• Explain the three domains of learning

• Explain the concept of ‘levels of learning’ within each domain

• Outline the levels of learning within each of the three domains of learning

Health education

• Provide information

• Change attitudes

• Give the clients certain skills

Three domains of learning

o Cognitive domain

o Affective domain

o Psychomotor domain

Head

Heart

Hand

Cognitive domain

-Involves intellectual abilities

-Refers to process of thinking

-Learning takes place in the head

-Not necessarily observable events

Affective domain

o Interests, feelings, attitudes and

values fall into this category

o Humanistic theories focus on this domain

Psychomotor domain

o Involves neuromotor functions of the human body

o Ability to use hands, arms, legs and

body

o External movements

Levels of Learning

• Cognitive domain (6)

- knowledge

- comprehension

- application

- analysis

- synthesize

- evaluation

Levels of Learning (ctd)

• Affective domain (5)

-receiving - like to become aware of something

-responding- active participation

-valuing - accept that it is important

-organizing - bring together different values

(compare, complete, modifies)

-characterization – practices cooperation

in group activities

Levels of Learning (ctd)

• Psychomotor domain (7).perception- use of the sense organs

.set- readiness to take a particular type of action

.guided response- imitates the specific skills

.mechanism- increased confidence and

proficiency in the new skill

.complex overt response- quick, smooth,

accurate performance

. adaptation- well developed skills

. origination- creating new movement patterns

Lesson 5

Theories of Learning

Lesson ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, students should be

able to:• Summarize the behavioural theory

• Summarize the cognitive theory

• Summarize the humanistic theory

• Explain why the three approaches to learning are not mutually exclusive but complementary

• Explain the difference between reinforcement and punishment

• Summarize at least 10 principles of learning, drawing from the three theories of learning

• Explain the difference between discovery learning and reception learning

Learning

• Learning is a change in the individual caused by his or her interaction with the environment whereby he or she becomes more capable of dealing with the environment.

• In health teaching, the targets of this change are health beliefs, attitudes and behaviours.

Theories of Learning

• Behavioral

• Cognitive

• Humanistic

(Page No. 50)

Theories of Learning (ctd)

• Behaviorists believe that learning has taken place when new behaviors are shaped.

• Cognitive theorists believe that learning is an internal process not necessarily observable in which information is integrated into one’s cognitive and intellectual structures.

• Humanists stress the affective realm (attitudes, feelings, interests) as well as the cognitive in self directed learning

Modeling• Client observes someone enacting a specific

behavior, sees the consequences of that behavior and attempts to imitate the behavior in order to the same reward.

• Four processes-

-attention (pays attention)

-retention (remembers what the model has done)

-reproduction (repeats it)

-reinforcement (gets the reward)

Principles of learning

• 16 principles

page 59

Reception Learning

• Teacher organizes and structures the information

• Teacher presents it to the learner

• The learner absorbs this reorganized information by relating it to existing knowledge

Method of teaching-Expository teaching

Method of learning-reception learning

Discovery Learning

• The learner himself discovers• Organizes information through his own efforts• Less teacher direction

Both reception learning and discovery learning require teacher involvement

Both methods have strengths and weaknesses (Page No.62)

Lesson 6

Theories of Motivation

Lesson Objectives

At the end of this lesson, students should be

able to:• Summarize how motivation is perceived from the

behavioural, cognitive and humanistic perspectives

• Explain how the following factors can influence learner motivation

-level of arousal

-health status

-values and beliefs about health

• Discuss the implications of the variables which influence motivation in relation to nursing

Motivation

• Presence of a desire or a sense of purpose which causes a person to act in a particular manner

• There is o such thing as unmotivated behaviour.

• Motivation is created within the individual and can be facilitated by outside forces.

Behavioural theory of motivation

• Behavioural approach does not require the presence of a desire to learn.

• Motivation is reinforced from a source external to the individual (extrinsic motivation).

Cognitive theory of motivation

• Motivation is created within the individual

• It is called as internal or intrinsic motivation

• Learner must recognize the need to learn

Humanistic theory of motivation

• Humanists view people as being inherently good

• Humanistic theory of motivation is based on the assumption that people continually strive towards higher functioning levels

Ex.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs