TEACHING CAREERS IN ONTARIO

安省教师的培养

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PREPARATION FOR A TEACHING CAREER

如何成为一名教师 PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS MUST COMPLETE AN UNDERGRADUATE

UNIVERSITY DEGREE PRIOR TO COMMENCING A TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM – THIS IS CALLED A “CONSECUTIVE” BACHELOR OF EDUCATION PROGRAM

首先必须完成至少三年制本科，然后再修读一门教育课程——这个项目称为本科加师范课程

SOME STUDENTS TAKE THEIR UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM AND THEIR TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM CONCURRENTLY

部分学生在完成本科学习的同时，修读教育课程 CONCURRENT STUDENTS GRADUATE FROM BOTH PROGRAMS AT THE SAME

TIME

两个课程可以同时毕业，获得证书 CURRENT EACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN ONTARIO VARY FROM ONE

YEAR TO EIGHTEEN MONTHS

在安省，教育课程的时间有一年到十八个月不等

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CATEGORIES OF TEACHER EDUCATION教育课程分类

INTERESTED TEACHER CANDIDATES APPLY TO BECOME EITHER ELEMENTARY OR SECONDARY TEACHERS

ELEMENTARY TEACHERS – TEACH KINDERGARTEN TO GRADE 8 (AGES 4 – 13 YEARS)

小学教师（初级）——幼儿园至八年级教师（学生 4 到 13岁） SECONDARY TEACHERS ARE QUALIFIED TO TEACH GRADES 7 – 12 WHERE

STUDENTS ARE USUALLY 14 – 18 YEARS OLD BUT CAN BE AS OLD AS 21 YEARS OF AGE

中学教师——七年级至十二年级教师（学生 14-18岁，甚至 21岁） IN OUR MIDDLE SCHOOLS (GRADES 7 and 8) WE OFTEN FIND BOTH

ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY QUALIFIED TEACHERS TEACHING IN THE SAME SCHOOL

在我们的中学里（七年级至八年级），我们往往会有小学和中学教师在同一所学校授课 INTERMEDIATE / SENIOR LEVEL (ie grades 7 – 12)TEACHERS MUST BE

QUALIFIED IN TWO SUBJECT AREAS (EG. MATH / SCIENCE)

中高级学校（七年级至十二年级），教师们必须获得学科专业教学资格（如数学、科学等）

ELEMENTARY TEACHERS WHO TEACH UP TO AND INCLUDING GRADE 6 ARE CONSIDERED “GENERALISTS” WHO DO NOT NEED TO HOLD SUBJECT SPECIALIZATIONS TO BE ADMITTED TO TEACHERS COLLEGE

小学教师（六年级之前）往往不需要或者学科专业教学资格， 他们教授基础学科

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PREPARATION FOR A TEACHING CAREER

如何成为一名教师 THE PROCESS FOR ACCEPTANCE IN A FACULTY OF

EDUCATION CAN INCLULDE:进入教育领域的程序如下： REVIEW OF UNDERGRADUATE MARKS - MININUM B+

AVERAGE REQUIRED FOR CONSIDERATION本科的成绩——考虑的要求是 B+以上的平均分

WRITTEN ESSAYS书面报告 REVIEW OF TEACHER RELATED EXPERIENCE执教的经验 REVIEW OF VOLUNTEER SERVICE 志愿者的经验 A FORMAL INTERVIEW正式的面试 CONTACTING REFERENCES推荐信

THE PROCESS FOR ACCEPTANCE INTO A FACULTY OF EDUCATION IS HIGHLY COMPETITIVE AND MANY STUDENTS ARE NOT ACCEPTED进入教育领域的竞争非常激烈，很多学生无法获得职位

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TEACHER EDUCATION教育课程（教师的培养）

PRE-SERVICE (STUDENT) TEACHERS TAKE COURSES AT A UNIVERSITY’S FACULTY OF EDUCATION FROM QUALIFIED PROFESSORS AND

有志成为教师的学生在大学的教育学院从师于有资历的教授 EXPERIENCED TEACHERS CHOSEN TO WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY

或者是大学招聘的资深教师 COURSE WORK INCLUDES BOTH THEORY (eg. teaching methodology, program

planning, developmental theory, legal issues for teachers, etc) AND SUBJECT SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION (eg. math methods for future math teachers and teaching literacy for elementary teachers, etc.)

课程包括理论（如：教学法、项目计划、发展理论、教师法相关问题等）和学科专门教学（如：数学法——针对将来要从事数学学科教育的学生；读写能力教学——针对即将成为小学教师的学生）

AS WELL THERE WILL BE OPTIONAL COURSES TO MEET THE PROFESSIONAL GOALS FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENT TEACHERS (eg. Instruction in religious education for prospective teachers with the Catholic school boards, “urban diversity” courses for students who plan to teach in urban areas with a highly diversified population, etc.)

另外，为满足学生自身的发展目标，也设立一些选修课程（例如：为有志成为天主教会学校的教师学生设立的宗教教学；为将来在城市学校教学的学生提供的针对多元人群的城市多样化教学等）

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TEACHER EDUCATION - continued教育课程（教师的培养） -- 继续 STUDENT TEACHERS SPEND BLOCKS OF TIME DURING THEIR PROGRAM WORKING DIRECTLY IN

SCHOOLS WITH ASSOCIATE OR MENTOR TEACHERS WHO GUIDE THEM IN THEIR PRACTICUM PLACEMENTS

师范专业的学生必须花几个板块的时间到学校里面实习，有老师专门进行指导 AS THE YEAR PROGRESSES THEY WILL ASSUME GREATER RESPONSIBILITY FOR PLANNING AND

TEACHING

在学习的过程当中，会适当增加他们课程，诸如备课以及实际教学等 GENERALLY STUDENT TEACHERS WILL BE ASSIGNED TO TWO SCHOOLS DURING THEIR PRE-

SERVICE YEAR

在他们拿到教学资格之前，学生一般会被安排到两所学校进行实习 THE AMOUNT OF TIME SPENT TEACHING IN SCHOOLS VARIES FROM SEVERAL THREE WEEK

BLOCKS TO A COUPLE OF TWO MONTH SESSIONS DEPENGING ON THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN WHICH THE STUDENT IS ENROLLED

根据学生所学专业的不同，他们的实习时间可以由三周到两个月为一个周期不等 THE ASSOCIATE/MENTOR WILL WRITE FORMAL EVALUATION REPORTS ON THE STUDENT TEACHER’S

PERFORMANCE AS WILL THE UNIVERSITY FIELD SUPERVISOR ASSIGNED TO WORK WITH THE PRE-SERVICE TEACHER

学生的指导老师将会对他们的表现作出评价，并且形成报告，而他们在大学的老师也会同样如此

THESE REPORTS ARE ESSENTIAL WHEN A TEACHER IS SEEKING EMPLOYMENT

这些报告对他们将来的就业申请至关重要 zh

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PROPOSED CHANGES – TEACHER EDUCATION提议的变化 -- 教师教育

INCREASING THE PROGRAM DURATION (2 YEARS) MORE ACTUAL PRACTICE TEACHING (80 DAYS MINIMUM) PROVISION FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION TRAINING AS PART OF

THE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM EXPOSURE TO THE ISSSUES ASSOCIATED WITH URBAN

DIVERSITY FOR ALL CANDIDATES

增加课程长度 (2 年 ) 更多真实的实习教学 ( 至少 80天 ) 提供特殊教育的培训作为教师教育的一部分 对于所有教师候选人，要能够面对城市多元化的问题

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ONTARIO COLLEGE OF TEACHERS安大略教师学院

WHEN A STUDENT -TEACHER COMPLETES HIS/HER TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM THEY GRADUATE WITH A BACHELORS DEGREE IN EDUCATION (i.e. B.Ed DEGREE)

学生完成教师项目之后将会获得教育本科证书（如：教育本科学历） UPON GRADUATION THEY CAN APPLY FOR CERTIFICATION WITH THE ONTARIO COLLEGE OF TEACHERS

WHICH CERTIFIES AND REGULATES ALL TEACHERS IN ONTARIO

毕业之后，他们可以申请向安大略教师学院申请资格证书，该证书对全省教师适用，并具有约束他们的效力

PART OF THIS PROCESS REQUIRES THAT A TEACHER UNDERGO A “CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK” WITH THE POLICE WHICH ENSURES THAT TEACHERS WHO WORK WITH CHILDREN DO NOT HAVE A CRIMINAL RECORD

在程序中还有一个环节为公安部门进行的“犯罪背景调查”，以确保将来和孩子们朝夕相处的老师们没有犯罪记录

A TEACHER MUST PAY ANNUAL DUES TO MAINTAIN A MEMBERSHIP IN WITH THE ONTARIO COLLEGE OF TEACHERS

为获得常年的会员资格，教师们每年必须向安大略教师学院支付一定的会员费。（而有了犯罪记录的老师将失去交费的资格）

THIS MEMBERSHIP IS REQUIRED BEFORE A TEACHER IS ALLOWED TO WORK IN A PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARD IN ONTARIO

在安大略个教育局公立学校应聘的老师均需具备该会员资格 WHEN NECESSARY THE COLLEGE OF TEACHERS ACTS AS A DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY

在需要的情况下，教师学院具有管理约束教师的权威 ONCE CERTIFIED WITH THE COLLEGE NEW TEACHERS CAN NOW APPLY FOR

TEACHING POSITIONS WITH PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARDS IN ONTARIO

从学院获得资格之后，老师们可以在安省教育局申请职位

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ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATIONS其他资质 AFTER CERTIFICATION TEACHERS CAN REGISTER FOR

ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATIONS THROUGH A FACULTY OF EDUCATION DURING THE SUMMER, OR DURING THE EVENINGS 获得教师资格证书之后，老师们可以利用暑假或者夜校 从其他教育学院获得更多的资质

ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATION COURSES ARE AVAILABLE TO BOTH ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY TEACHERS AND TEACHERS PAY APPROXIMATELY $700 PER COURSE 这些资格证书课程对小学、中学教师均有开设，每门课程的收费最高为 700加元

THREE AQ’S IN A GIVEN SUBJECT AREA CONFERS “SPECIALIST” STATUS 如果在同一学科获得了三个证书，即会被看做是该学科的专家

ALL QUALIFICATIONS ARE ENTERED ON THE TEACHER’S “QUALIFICATIONS RECORD” BY THE ONTARIO COLLEGE OF TEACHERS WHICH GOVERNS TEACHERS IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 所有获得教师资格证书的教师，将在教育学院留下记录，作为管理他们的依据

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APPLYING FOR TEACHING POSTIONS 获得教师职位 THERE ARE SEVENTY TWO PUBLIC BOARDS OF EDUCATION IN ONTARIO AND EACH

BOARD HAS ITS OWN HIRING PRACTICES

在安省一共有 72个公立教育理事会（教育局），每一个都有自己的聘用程序

IN THE TORONTO DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD STUDENTS APPLY FOR AN INTERVIEW BY DECEMBER OF THEIR PRACTICE TEACHING YEAR

教育学院的学生在每年的十二月份向理事会申请自己的实习，为期一年 THEY MUST WRITE A COVER LETTER, INCLUDE A RESUME AND FORWARD PRACTICE

TEACHING REPORTS AS THEY BECOME AVAILABLE

学生申请的时候必须提交自己的简历，在实习报告出来之后，也需提交，所有的这些需要做一个封面材料

BOARDS OF EDUCATION VALUE RELATED EXPERIENCE AND VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE

理事会很重视学生的实习及志愿服务的经历 EACH BOARD RECEIVES THOUSANDS OF APPLICATIONS ANNUALLY FROM BOTH NEW AND

EXPERIENCED TEACHERS AND EACH APPLICTION IS REVIEWED BY BOARD PERSONEL

每个理事会在一年里将收到成千上万的申请，这当中有新毕业的老师，也有具备教学经验的教师，这些申请材料由理事会的专人进行审核

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APPLYING FOR TEACHING POSTIONS 获得教师职位 SUITABLE CANDIDATES ARE GIVEN AN INTERVIEW - IN TORONTO SUCCESSFUL

CANDIDATES ARE PLACED ON THE “ELIGIBLE TO HIRE” LIST FOR THE FOLLOWING SCHOOL YEAR

合格的申请者可会被安排面试——在多伦多，所有合格的申请者将会被公布在“适合聘用”的名单上，以供来年学校进行参考

IN JUNE AVAILABLE VACANCIES ARE POSTED AND ONLY THOSE ON THE “ELIGIBLE TO HIRE” LIST CAN APPLY

在第二年六月，学校的招聘职位将会公布出来，只有在“适合聘用”名单上的老师才可以申请

THERE ARE USUALLY A GREAT MANY MORE APPLICANTS THAN POSITIONS AVAILABLE

通常需要工作的老师的人数，总比岗位实际所需多得多 OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS MANY QUALIFIED CANDIDATES HAVE NOT BEEN

SUCCESSFUL IN SECURING A TEACHING POSITION

在过去的很多年当中，很多老师都未能保住他们原来申请的教师职位

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JOB MARKET FOR TEACHERS教师职业市场 MANY PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS SEEK EMPLOYMENT WITH PRIVATE

SCHOOLS OR CHOOSE TO MOVE TO OTHER AREAS OF CANADA, THE UNITED STATES OR OVERSEAS WHERE THE JOB MARKET IS MORE ATTRACTIVE

很多教师选择申请私立学校的职位，或者到加拿大其他省份、美国或者其他国家更容易就业的地方去

IN TORONTO, FOR EXAMPLE, THERE IS DECLINING ENROLMENT, AS MANY FAMILIES FIND IT TOO EXPENSIVE TO LIVE IN TORONTO AND MOVE TO SMALLER LESS EXPENSIVE COMMUNITIES

在多伦多，目前这个市场呈衰退趋势，因为很多家庭觉得在多伦多市区生活太过昂贵，因而搬到生活水平低一点，规模小一点的社区去

IN TORONTO SCHOOLS IN SOME NEIGHBOURHOODS ARE ACTUALLY CLOSING

在多伦多，有一些社区的学校实际面临关闭的可能性

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2011-12 JOB OUTCOMES FOR NEW TEACHER GRADUATES2011-12 年度应届师范生就业情况调查

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FIRST YEAR JOB OUTCOMES WITHIN AND OUTSIDE ONTARIO师范生毕业一年后在安省省内和省外就业情况

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PERCENT OF EMPLOYED TEACHERS WITH REGULAR JOBS IN FIRST YEAR FOLLOWING GRADUATION师范生毕业一年后找到固定工作的比例

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Employment outcomes for different new-teacher groups in first year following graduation接受不同教育的教师群体毕业一年后就业情况

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FIRST YEAR FRENCH TEACHERS WITH REGULAR TEACHING JOBS法语师范生毕业一年后找到固定工作的比例

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TEACHER EVALUATION教师考核

PRINCIPALS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR TEACHER PERFORMANCE REVIEWS AND EVALUATION

校长有责任对教师的表现进行总结和评估 PROBATIONARY TEACHERS IN THEIR FIRST YEAR ARE EVALUATED TWICE AND

EXPERIENCED TEACHERS ARE EVALUATED EVERY FIVE YEARS

见习老师工作的第一年里将会接受两次考核，而有经验的老师每五年才接受一次评估

IN THE EVENT OF UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE A PRINCIPAL CAN CHOOSE TO ARRANGE AN EVALUATION AT ANY TIME

如果老师的表现不尽如人意，那么校长可以随时对其工作进行考核 THE PURPOSE OF TEACHER PERFORMANCE REVIEWS IS TO OFFER SUPPORT FOR

IMPROVEMENT

对于老师的考核评估都是为了促进他们的进步 IN CASES WHERE NO IMPROVEMENT IS NOTED (OR IN SITUATIONS SUCH AS A TEACHER

ENGAGING IN CRIMINAL OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT ) A TEACHER’S CONTRACT CAN BE TERMINATED

如果老师的考核当中没有任何进步（或者有了犯罪记录），老师的合同将被终止

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TEACHER UNIONS教师工会

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FACTS ABOUT TEACHERS有关教师的一些事实 EACH CLASS IS APPROXIMATELY 75 MINUTES LONG

每一节课可长达 75分钟 WHEN A TEACHER IS AWAY FOR THE ENTIRE DAY A SUBSTITUTE TEACHER IS CALLED IN TO

WORK FOR THE DAY

如果老师请假一天，就会请代课老师 IF A TEACHER IS AWAY FOR A SINGLE CLASS ANOTHER TEACHER ON STAFF WILL COVER FOR

THEM DURING THAT PERIOD

如果老师只请一节课的假，则由在校的其他老师代上 IN ONTARIO ALL ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY TEACHERS ARE MEMBERS OF TEACHERS

UNIONS, WHO NEGOTIATE SALARY, BENEFITS AND WORKING CONDITIONS ON BEHALF OF TEACHERS

在安大略，所有的小学和中学的老师都隶属于教师工会，工会将代表所有老师来协商工资、福利和工作条件

TEACHERS ARE UNDER CONTRACT TO TEACH FROM THE BEGINNING OF SEPTEMBER TO THE END OF JUNE

老师们的合同周期一般从当年的九月初开始到第二年的六月底结束 THERE IS A TWO WEEK BREAK IN LATE DECEMBER FOR CHRISTMAS, A ONE WEEK BREAK IN

MARCH AND A TWO MONTH BREAK IN JULY AND AUGUST

学校的一般会在十二月底有两周的圣诞假期，三月份有一周的假期，七、八月份这两个月也会放假

TEACHERS TAKE THE MAJORITY OF ADDITIONAL QUALIFICATIONS COURSES IN THE SUMMER MONTHS

老师们通常都会在暑假的两个月中修读额外的资格证书20

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FACTS ABOUT TEACHERS有关教师的一些事实

TEACHER SALARIES INCREASE WITH YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

教师的工资随他们的经验增加，工作年份的增长而提高 A FIRST YEAR TEACHER WILL EARN APPROXIMATELY $42 – 52K ANNUALLY (DEPENDING

ON QUALIFICATIONS) WITH ANNUAL INCREMENTS FOR THE FIRST TEN YEARS

在工作的第一年里，教师的工资 可高达 4.2-5.2万加元（与个人的资历相关），而在工作的十年当中每年会有相应的增长

THERE ARE FOUR CATEGORIES OF TEACHING CLASSIFICATION FOR SALARY PURPOSES AND TEACHERS AT LEVEL FOUR CAN MAKE APPROXIMATELY $90K AFTER TEN YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL TEACHING WITH A PUBLIC SCHOOL BOARD IN ONTARIO

在多伦多的公立学校理事会系统中，教师们分为四个级别，而最高级别的老师在成功工作十年之后，可以拿到多达 9 万加元

TEACHERS ARE ALLOTTED 31 SICK DAYS PER YEAR

教师们每年有 31天的病假时间 THE TEACHING DAY IS FROM 9 – 3:30 P.M. FOR MOST SCHOOLS

绝大部分学校的工作时间为上午 9 点到下午 3:30 TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ARE GIVEN PREPARATION PERIODS ON MOST DAYS

在小学，一般周一会为老师提供备课的时间 SECONDARY TEACHERS TEACH AN AVERAGE OF 3 CLASSES AND ONE PREPARATION

PERIOD PER DAY

中学的教师平均每天授三节课，一节备课

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EDUCATION FUNDING ISSUES 教育经费问题

The Provincial Minister of Finance reported that the 2012 budget deficit is projected at $15.2 billion. The cost of servicing the debt (paying interest costs) is $10 billion per year, the 3rd largest expense of the government.

The 2012 budget for the Ministry of Education will be $24 billion, or 19% of the total provincial budget.

The government plans to balance the provincial budget by 2017 and education costs must be reduced to help meet this goal according to the Premier

安省财政部长的报告指出 2012 年预算赤字预计为 $152 亿加元。 每年债务产生的利息为 $100 亿加元，为政府第三大支出。

教育部 2012 年的预算将为 $240 亿加元，占全省预算的 19%。

省长声称，政府计划在 2017 年平衡全省预算。为达到此目标，教育支出一定要减少。

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CHANGES TO COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS - SALARY集体协议的变化 - 薪资

The provincial government has introduced a new a labour relations framework for negotiating collective agreements with Ontario teachers in an effort to reduce costs. These measures include:

A 2 year wage freeze until Sept. 2014 No increases on the salary grid from 2012-14 Discussion of revamping the salary grid for 2014

省政府引入了一个新的劳动关系框架，和安省教师协调集体协议，以减少支出。 这些方案包括 :

截至 2014 年 9 月长达 2 年的薪水冻结 从 2012 年至 14 年无薪水格的增长 从 2014 年恢复薪水格的讨论

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CHANGES TO COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT - SICK LEAVE集体协议的变化 - 病离

Sept. 2012 accumulated sick days eliminated A reduction to 11 fully paid sick days per year Unused sick days will not be carried forward An additional 24 weeks of sick leave allowance at 90% salary

2012 年 9 月起累计病假的取消 每年减少 11 个全天的病假 没用的病假不能被延后再用 额外 24 周的病假津贴，相当于 90% 的

薪水

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RETIREMENT退休

THROUGHOUT THEIR CAREERS TEACHERS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM IN ONTARIO CONTRIBUTE TO THE ONTARIO TEACHERS PENSION PLAN

在安省公立学校体系里的教师在他们的职业生涯中都会投入教师退休计划 WHEN A TEACHERS AGE AND NUMBER OF YEARS OF SERVICE TOTAL A FACTOR OF 85 THEY

CAN RETIRE

当本人的年龄加上他们工作的年份总数到达 85 之后，他们可以退休 THEIR PENSION WILL EQUATE TO 60% OF THE AVERAGE SALARY FOR THEIR HIGHEST FIVE

YEARS OF SALARY

他们的退休工资的数额会是他们工资最高的五年的平均值的 60% FOR EXAMPLE, A TEACHER WHO IS 55 YEARS OLD AND HAS TAUGHT FOR 30 YEARS IS

ELIGIBLE TO RETIRE (55+30 = 85)

例如，如果老师的年龄为 55，他工作了 30年，那他就有资格领取退休工资 IF THAT TEACHER MADE AN AVERAGE SALARY OF $90K FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS HIS/HER

PENSION WILL EQUAL $54K ANNUALLY (i.e. 2% a year for 30 years)

如果老师最后五年的平均工资为 9 万加元，那么他的退休工资的数额即为每年5.4万加元（ 30年工资的 2%）

PENSION INCOME FOR RETIRED TEACHERS INCLUDES INFLATION PROTECTION

退休教师的工资享受通胀法的保护

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CHANGES TO RETIREMENT PROVISIONS

退休 No increase in the government’s contribution to the Ontario Teacher

Pension Plan – future shortfalls must come at the expense of benefits A freeze on banked sick days as of Aug. 31, 2012, with future gratuity

payouts at the employee’s salary rate as of Aug. 31, 2012 The elimination of all accumulated sick days as of Sept. 1, 2012

政府对安省教师退休金计划的投入不会再有增长 – 福利支出会带来将来的短缺

累计病假从 2012年 8月 31 日起冻结，将来会按照工资支付

累计病假的取消从 2012年 9月 1 日起

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CONCLUSION 结论

THAT COMPLETES THE FORMAL PRESENTATION – THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

I WILL NOW ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS YOU MIGHT HAVE

正式的讲座讲完了 – 感谢大家收听 现在回答大家的任何问题

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