Teaching by Principles - The Age Levels

7/30/2019 Teaching by Principles - The Age Levels

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LEARNER VARIABLES I: TEACHING

ACROSS AGE LEVELS

March 17, 2012


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WHO are your learners?

WHERE are they learning?

WHY are they learning?


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TEACHING CHILDREN, TEACHING TEENS,TEACHING ADULTS


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J.PIAGET s theory

- Child as active seeker of knowledge

- Thinking of world at different points and how

development in this thinking come about- Progressive changes in cognitive structures

- Invariant developmental sequence


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SENSORIMOTOR (birth to age 2)

PREOPERATIONAL (2 to 7 years)

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (7 to 11 or 12)

FORMAL OPERATIONAL (11 or 12 and up)


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Q.: What are some differences between

children and adults?

A.: The childs spontaneous, peripheral

attention to language forms and the adults

overt, focal awareness of and attention to

these forms.


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- Automaticity

- Rules, explanations and other abstract talk about

language must be approached with extremecaution

-here and now

- rule of thumb


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Attention span (make interesting, lively and

fun lessons)

Sensory input

- have all five senses stimulated

- have some physical activity- hands-on activities

- sensory aids

- your own nonverbal language is important

Affective factors

Authentic, Meaningful language


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- The terrible teens

- A real challenge for the teacher

- A very special set of considerations

applies to teaching teenagers.


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Activity: Think about the high school years.

If you were to define this period by onesingle word, what would it be?


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The intellectual capacity is growing

Attention spans are lengthening

Factors surrounding ego, self-image, andself-esteem are at their pinnacle

How would the secondary school teacherbehave?


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Adults have superior cognitive abilities

They can rely on imagination

They usually have self-confidence

Adults are more able to handle abstract rules

and concepts

Longer attention spans

Emotional factors that may be attendant to SLL

Dont treat adults like children

Cooperative learning


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X educates Y only if X fosters disposition Win Y by method Z.

The provision of true and good educationholds the great secret of the true

perfection of human nature. (Immanuel

Kant)


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Bloom, B.S.(Ed.).1956. Taxonomy of educational

objectives: The classification of educational goals.

Handbook I, cognitive domain. New York; Toronto:

Longmans, Green.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Teaching by Principles, AnInteractive Approach to Language Pedagogy, Second

Edition. New York: Pearson Education Company.

Kanz, Heinrich.1993. Immanuel Kant. PROSPECTS. Paris:

UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, vol. XXIII,

no.3/4, p.789-806. Piaget, Jean. 1972. The psychology of the child. New York:

Basic Books.


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Teaching by Principles - The Age Levels