Teachers learn science by doing science at the University of ArizonaKatrina Mangin*, Richard Thompson*, Margaret Wilch**, Dave Gori***

*University of Arizona, College of Science**Tucson High Magnet School***The Nature ConservancyTucson

Three programs Ill discuss today: College of Science Evening Lecture Series and Teacher Course

SANITY (Science and Nature in Tandem for Youth) field ecology internship (Tucson High Magnet School)

Galapagos Marine Ecology for Teachers

Research projectQuestion: Is the climate of Tucson changing, and if so, why?The goal of this activity is to develop science process skills by designing an investigation into Tucson climate using web resources

Western Regional Climate Center

Tucson - urban areaAjo - rural area

Chart1

69.13

72.35

73.43

73.03

69.74

66.84

70.39

71.65

73.29

70.58

72.48

69.81

70.29

69.84

70.9

71.65

70.84

68.84

69.55

70.39

73.38

69.58

67.52

68.06

69.97

69.1

69.1

70.65

69.1

71.52

70.52

72

71.58

71.03

71.71

71.65

70.55

72.26

72.52

72.39

70.74

70.84

72.52

68.97

71.39

69.84

69.71

70.58

68.74

73.84

71.87

70.58

72.35

73.68

69.97

69.74

72.1

73.74

73.42

70.58

70.77

70.84

73.35

73.94

71.35

73.68

71.74

71.29

69

69.42

69.84

71.06

70.26

70.65

76.03

73.68

70.35

72.9

74.81

72.58

75.16

75.32

77.03

74.97

72.52

75.48

77.45

75.13

74.52

73.45

75.48

74.55

75.77

75.94

75.58

71.81

76.55

75.42

77.32

83.29

77.39

75.71

79.97

75.23

73.74

73.84

74.81

74.48

76.32

75

74.19

Years

Average Temp Degrees F

Tucson Min Average Temp for Aug 1895 - 2005

Chart2

71.043

70.459

69.798

71.621

70.717

71.803

71.538

72.216

75.103

76.171

75.649

Decades

Decade Average Temp in F

Decade Average Min Temp for Tucson 1895-2004

Annual Average

1894-----1895-190471.043

189569.131905-191470.459

189672.351915-192469.798

189773.431925-193471.621

189873.031935-194470.717

189969.741945-195471.803

190066.841955-196471.538

190170.391965-197472.216

190271.651975-198475.103

190373.291985-199476.171

190470.581995-200475.649

190572.48

190669.81

190770.29

190869.84

190970.9

191071.65

191170.84

191268.84

191369.55

191470.39

191573.38

191669.58

191767.52

191868.06

191969.97

192069.1

192169.1

192270.65

192369.1

192471.52

192570.52

192672

192771.58

192871.03

192971.71

193071.65

193170.55

193272.26

193372.52

193472.39

193570.74

193670.84

193772.52

193868.97

193971.39

194069.84

194169.71

194270.58

194368.74

194473.84

194571.87

194670.58

194772.35

194873.68

194969.97

195069.74

195172.1

195273.74

195373.42

195470.58

195570.77

195670.84

195773.35

195873.94

195971.35

196073.68

196171.74

196271.29

196369

196469.42

196569.84

196671.06

196770.26

196870.65

196976.03

197073.68

197170.35

197272.9

197374.81

197472.58

197575.16

197675.32

197777.03

197874.97

197972.52

198075.48

198177.45

198275.13

198374.52

198473.45

198575.48

198674.55

198775.77

198875.94

198975.58

199071.81

199176.55

199275.42

199377.32

199483.29

199577.39

199675.71

199779.97

199875.23

199973.74

200073.84

200174.81

200274.48

200376.32

200475

200574.19

20060

Annual Average

20062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981198019791978197719761975197419731972197119701969196819671966196519641963196219611960195919581957195620062005200420032002200120001999199819971996199519941993199219911990198919881987198619851984198319821981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Decade Averages

Years

Average Min Temp F

Tucson Min Average Temp 1895 - 2005

Sheet3

1895-19040

1905-19140

1915-19240

1925-19340

1935-19440

1945-19540

1955-19640

1965-19740

1975-19840

1985-19940

1995-20040

Chart1

76.12

70.1

73.59

71.81

76.58

72.9

66.26

75.32

74.65

77.16

75.65

76.19

75.58

76.13

75.68

76.32

74.81

76.52

77.16

75

68.83

74.65

76.32

73.1

75.48

76.06

74.68

74.97

76.94

78.61

78.84

76.52

75.5

78.26

75.65

77.26

73.97

78.45

75.55

74.26

75.32

75.32

76.97

76.35

76.48

77.26

74.97

79.03

75.42

75.94

76.61

77.61

74.68

72.16

79.35

76.65

74.16

74.06

77.68

76.9

78.23

76.87

78.74

77.1

75.58

78.06

80.16

79.19

75.71

76.58

79.35

76.57

74.29

77.45

76.35

74.58

78.23

75.95

78

80.68

79.4

76.77

80.48

77.38

77.5

77.09

76.78

79.55

76.67

79.05

77.5

Year

Temp in F

Ajo Minimum Average Temperatures in Aug from 1915 - 2005

Chart2

73.449

75.904

74.964

76.426

76.306

75.986

77.622

77.145

78.067

Decades

Average Daily Minimum Temps

Ajo Decade Minimum Daily Temperature Averages

Sheet1

1914-----

191576.121915-192473.449

191670.11925-193475.904

191773.591935-194474.964

191871.811945-195476.426

191976.581955-196476.306

192072.91965-197475.986

192166.261975-198477.622

192275.321985-199477.145

192374.651995-200478.067

192477.16

192575.65

192676.19

192775.58

192876.13

192975.68

193076.32

193174.81

193276.52

193377.16

193475

193568.83

193674.65

193776.32

193873.1

193975.48

194076.06

194174.68

194274.97

194376.94

194478.61

194578.84

194676.52

194775.5

194878.26

194975.65

195077.26

195173.97

195278.45

195375.55

195474.26

195575.32

195675.32

195776.97

195876.35

195976.48

196077.26

196174.97

196279.03

196375.42

196475.94

196576.61

196677.61

196774.68

196872.16

196979.35

197076.65

197174.16

197274.06

197377.68

197476.9

197578.23

197676.87

197778.74

197877.1

197975.58

198078.06

198180.16

198279.19

198375.71

198476.58

198579.35

198676.57

198774.29

198877.45

198976.35

199074.58

199178.23

199275.95

199378

199480.68

199579.4

199676.77

199780.48

199877.38

199977.5

200077.09

200176.78

200279.55

200376.67

200479.05

200577.5

Sheet2

Sheet3

One thing I have done with the info from your class is to get together with my computer lab tech at our school and design a lesson to teach the kids how to use an excelspread sheet. The only experience that I know of that the kids get (at least at Santa Rita and its feeder schools) is if they take AP chemistry. We (the tech and I) decided that we need to create a technology curriculum to help guide teachers grades 6-8 so the general kids (not just GATE or AP) get the advantage of spread sheets, brochures (I'm doing this now with 7th graders and Biomes), powerpoint presentations, scientific posters (astronomy) and anything else we can fit in. The activity of looking for evidence of warming in Arizona was interesting. It would get students working with real data and they would have to develop their own procedures. We teach our students how to create scatter plots in Excel, so this would not be hard to adapt. It is nice because they have to think about what sites to choose to separate generalized warming from urban heat island effect. They must also cope with missing data. They will become familiar with the massive amount of data that is available to scientists and to them. They will then have to consider alternate explanations for the observed patterns. These are all important skills in science and will put them in the drivers seat, actually doing science instead of just reading about it.

The ozone hole is a major cause of global warming

Global warming will facilitate the spread of disease and other pests

A substantial scientific contingent thinks global warming is part of a natural cycle

The conclusions presented by scientists are colored by their political agendas

SANITY (Science and Nature in Tandem for Youth)

This experience of working with teachers andstudents in the field -- especially at the Research Station -- has deeply affectedmy personal view of myself as a scienceteacher.

The connections I was able to develop with my colleagues, and the insight I gained from working along side students as their equalshas had a much greater impact on myenthusiasm and commitment to teaching than any professional development I have encountered over the years.

Gayle Brichert-Albrecht, Science Department Chair,Tucson High, on SANITY, Summer 2006

Galapagos Marine Ecology (ECOL 496O/596O)Katrina Mangin (UA) & Dave Gori (The Nature Conservancy)

Chose these four because I am intimately involved with each, they are core outreach programs in college of science and they each reflect a different aspect of outreach. I will briefly describe each one.

The purpose of this exercise is to learn science by doing science. It is a very open-ended exercise, like much of science is. We are looking for something meaningful, but we are not sure what that might be. A lot of science is making observations, looking for patterns, and then trying to explain those patterns. Especially sciences like climate science and astronomy where laboratory manipulation is often limited to comparing computer models with observations of nature. We may often have some expectations about what we will discover, but we still have to prove it. And the fun part is when nature totally trumps our preconceptions! The paper we will be reading for next week and another that Margaret and I have posted on the web and included in the handout are all about looking for patterns in other peoples data. My entire graduate career consisted of creating new software tools and using them to analyze in new ways hard data collected by other researchers. So what we are doing is real science, and our results are probably actually publishable, if no one has already published a similar analysis.One of our main considerations in designing this exercise was that this is the electronic age and these skills are so important! I make all of the graphs for my publications using Excel. So we wanted something climate-related using the web and software that could be done in the time allotted. This seemed especially perfect, because it relates directly to our real lives, which is a great way to get students engaged. Getting good at sorting through lots of data to pull the important information out of it is a skill that we can apply to all areas of our lives. Especially these days when we are bombarded with so much information, so much of which is misleading.Swrs retreat in the fallEcology course for teachers4 years, since 2003Work with Navy school, Island of San CristobalImage of student with sea lion or of whole class12-18 students per year, self fundedLasts of one monthAll students must work for one week in a local school and do a research project on ecologyComponents: ECOL 496O/596O for high school teachers (59 teachers)Teacher professional developmentOutreach to Galapagos communityTeach english, context of science and conservationPartners: Galapagos Navy, Galapagos National Park, US Peace Corps

Impact: US teachers & students, Galapagos teachers and students, Galapagos town, 1000s of US and Galapagos childrenOne group of student studied under what conditions marine iquanas squirt salt out of their noses and if it had a social function in addition to known physiological function.Both Galapagos Marine Ecology Program, SANITY, and BLAST share these four successful components:Teachers helped to develop the programs (not just top down from the UA)Teachers help to teach the programs.Students and teachers work side by side doing science and making discoveries together.Nature is a big component, especially of SANITY and Galapagos.