Contents:

Quick Reference Sheets:• Intro: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page2• Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page3• EquipmentList:Blowing Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page5• Story,Part1:Jack and Jill and the Crystal Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page6• Story,Ending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page7

Video Transcript:• Intro: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page8• Story,Part1:Jack and Jill and the Crystal Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . .page10• Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page12• StoryEnding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page16

Teacher’s Guide for:

Blowing GlassNote: All activities in this document should be performed with adult supervision. Likewise, common sense and care are essential to the conduct of any and all activities, whether described in this document or otherwise. Parents or guardians should supervise children. Rock-it Science assumes no responsibility for any injuries or damages arising from any activities.

Note: All activities in this document should be performed with adult supervision. Likewise, common sense and care are essential to the conduct of any and all activities, whether described in this document or otherwise. Parents or guardians should supervise children. Rock-it Science assumes no responsibility for any injuries or damages arising from any activities.

BlowingGlassARock-itScienceLessonFilmedOctober,2009

Title Page of Video

NOTE: This is the transcript of a lesson that was videotaped during an actual Rock-it Science class with real students, not actors. The students’ brainstorming comments are included on the video but are not transcribed here because they’re not part of the lesson presentation.

Rock-it Science2110 Walsh Ave, Unit FSanta Clara, CA 95050www.rockitscience.org

(c) 2012 Rock-it Science Educationally Useful Programs. All Rights Reserved

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 2

Intro Quick Recap:• Inoldendays,acastlecouldhaveopeningsinthewallsforwindows,buttheyhadnoglass .• Theycouldtakelambskinandscrapeituntilitwasverythin,thenputoilonitandplaceitoverthewindowholes .Itkeptthecoldoutandletsomelightin,butyoucouldn’tseethroughit .

• Ifyouwereonthebeachandmadeawoodfire,whenthefireburnedout,sometimesthesandunderneathwouldclumptogetherinablob .Thefirewasalmosthotenoughtomeltthesand .

• Iflightninghitthesand,itwouldmeltpartofthesandtogetherinashapelikeanelephant’stusk .

• Ifyoubrokeit,theinsidemightbecrystalclear .

• Ifyoubuiltafirenearalimestonecliff,wherethedustfromthelime-stonemixedwiththesand,andifthefirewasreallyhot,you’dgetalargerglobofmeltedsand .Ifyoubrokeitandscrapedit,you’dfindthatitwasglass .

• Glassrequiressandandlimestone,whichhascalciuminit(usuallycal-ciumoxide) .Limestonecanmakethesandmeltatalowertemperature .

• Butit’snotrealglassuntilyouhavesodiuminit .• Ifthere’ssaltfromthesaltwaterinthebeachsand,pluslimestone,andareallyhotfire,youcouldmakeglass .Butit’snotverygoodglass .

• Goodglassrequiresperfectlywhitesand,goodqualitylimestone,andgoodqualitysodium(likeArm&HammerBakingSoda) .

• Whentheymadeglassfromgoodingredients,theycouldmeltitandpouritontoflatsteelsheets,butitwouldoftenbreakasitcooled .

• Tokeepitfrombreaking,youhavetokeepithotandcoolitvery,veryslowly .That’scalledannealing .

• Ifyouaddborontoglass(likePyrex),itdoesn’tcrackaseasilyasregularglass .

• Showstudentsglasstubesthathaveboroninit .Thesetubescanbeusedtosuckchemicalsintoit,butthere’sacopperblobononeendsoyoudon’tsuckitintoyourmouth .Thesewillbeusedintheexperiment .

Lightning melting sand, a fire on the beach, and a limestone cliff.

Pyrex glass tube.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 3

Experiment Quick Recap: “Blowing Glass”• Studentsrollupbaggysleevesandtiebacklonghair .Theyalsoweargogglesatalltimesduringtheexperi-ment,noexceptions .

• Studentsworkingroupsoftwo .Eachgroupgetsanaluminumroastingpanwithaboutahalf-inchofsandinthebottom,apropanetorch,andalabstandbaseandmetalrod,andaplasticcup .Studentsassemblethelabstand,placeitinthepan,andduct-tapethetorchtoit .Theyfillthecupwithwaterandplaceitinthepan .AftertheInstructordemonstratesthetechniques,stu-dentswilleachreceive2glasstubes(Pyrexpipettes) .

• Ifapreviousclasshasusedtheequipment,theremaybesharppiecesofglassinthepan .Studentscanignorethemorusethemiftheywish .

• Intheexperiment,studentswillheatglassuntilit’sred-hot .Butwhentheredcolorgoesaway,theglasscanstillbeveryhot .Toavoidbeingburned,studentsshouldalwaysholdtheglasstubebytheendthathasabitofwhitefluffinit .Ifthefluffturnsblack,thatmeansit’sbeenheatedandshouldn’tbepickedup .

• Instructordemonstratestheprocess:• Lightthetorchwithabarbequelighterandpointtheflameawayfromyourface .• Part 1:Placetheendoftheglasstubeintheflameandheatitslowly .Thesodiumintheglassgivesitanorangeglow .

• Glasshashighsurfacetension,sowhenitmelts,itwantstoformasphere .Sowhentheendofthetubeismelted,itformsaballandsealsofftheend .

• Ifyouheatglass,itdoesn’tusuallycrackunlessyouheatitreallyfast .Itcoolsontheoutsidefirst,thentheinsideshrinks .Getithotanddipitinwater,anditbreaksoff .

• Glasstransmitsheatvery,veryslowly,sotheendofthetubethatyou’reholdingwon’tbehot .

• Part 2:Heatanotherpartofthetubeuntilitsoftensandbendsunderitsownweight .Youcandothisinmorethanoneplacetomakeashape,suchasananimal .

• Toadd“ears”totheanimal,heatapartofthefirsttubeandthetipofasecondtube .Thentouchtheendofthesecondtubetothehotspotonthefirstoneandpullitawayslowly .Thesecondtubestretchesintoathinlength,thenbreaksoffwhenit

Propane torch duct-taped to lab stand, with sand and water in aluminum pan.

Heating two tubes, getting ready to combine them.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 4

Experiment Quick Recap (cont.):becomestoothin .Youcanputtheendofthe“ear”intotheflametocreateakindoflittleballattheend .

• Eachstudentgetstwominutestoworkwithtwotubes,thentheirpartnertakesaturn .It’sbet-tertousethetorchonepersonatatimesotheydon’tmessupeachother’swork .

• Whenfinished,putthehotendoftheglassdowninthesandsonobodypicksitup .Donotputhotglassonthetabletopbecauseitwillmeltthetabletop .

• Part 3 (optional, for those who want to try it):Theglassinthesetubesisthick,soit’sdifficulttoblowabubbleinit .Toblowabubble,makesureoneendofthetubeissealedoff .Thenheatupasectionofthetubeandblowhardintotheopenend .Thebubblewillusuallypop .

• Eachstudentreceivestwoglasstubes,andtheystartbyjustworkingwithonetogetusedtoheatingit .Thentheyusebothtubestopracticemaking“animals”orothershapesbybendingandcombiningtwopiecesofglass .

• Afterstudentsworkwiththeglassforawhile,Instruc-torpassesoutplierssostudentscanseewhathappensiftheysquishpartofthesoftenedglass .

• Studentscantakehometheirbentglassiftheylike .

Blowing a bubble in the glass tube.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 5

Equipment List: “Blowing Glass”Items needed for Instructor:

• (sameasstudents)

Items needed for Students:

Consumables (per student):

• Pipettes,Pyrex,disposable,10ml,2each• Ducttape,about2ft .• Water,about8oz .Other (per group of 2 or 3 students):

• Roastingpan,aluminum,large• Labstand(metalbaseandverticalmetalrod)• Propanetorch• Sand,about1/2inchdeepinpan• Lighter,barbeque• Pliers• Cup,plastic,clear,16oz .• Goggles

Prep Work:

• Checkthepropanetorchestomakesurethenozzlesworkandthere’senoughfuel .

• Putsandinaluminumpans .

Pyrex glass tube.

Propane torch duct-taped to lab stand, with sand and water in aluminum pan.

Story Recap: “Jack and Jill and the Crystal Palace”

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 6

Part 1:

• EvilMisterFredhasputhiscastleontwologsandmadehisminionscarrythelogsacrossthecountrysidewhilehelooksforsomethingbadtodo .

• Tomaketheminionsgofaster,heputdogcollarsonthemthatwoulddeliverelectricshocks .• Theysawahugecastlemadeoutofglass,andthepeoplelivingtherehadlotsofgoldobjects .• Hehadtheminionshitthecastlewiththeirbaseballanddestroyitcompletely .Thepeopleranaway,andtheminionsbroughtbackthegold .

• ThepeoplecalledJackandJillforhelp .• Ontheirwaythere,JackandJillmetaFlameMan .Hewaslonelybecausenoonewouldtouchhim,sohehadnofriends .JackandJillinvitedhimtocomealongwiththem .

• Thentheymetanasteriskwitheyes,floatinginmidair .Itwasanoldfairythatdidn’thavealotofmagicpower,butcoulddoafewthings .JackandJillinvitedthefairytojointhem,andtheywenttothecrystalpalaceandsawthatitwasdestroyed .

• Meanwhile,EvilMisterFredcalledtheAcmeStoreofEverythingandorderedsteelarmorforhisminions .Thisalsoallowedthemtouserealweapons,sonowtheyhadswordsinsteadofjustbaseballbats .

Story Recap (cont.): “Jack and Jill and the Crystal Palace”

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 7

Ending:

• JackandJillaskedFlameMantoburnupEvilMisterFred,buthesaidthatwastooeasy .In-stead,heaskedtheasteriskfairytomakethepiecesofglasscomealive .

• Thefairywasabletomakeonepieceofglasscomealive,anditgrewarmsandlegsandbecameaglassperson .Thentheminionsbrokeitintoamillionpieces .

• Thenallthepiecescamealive,andeachonebecameaglassperson,thousandsofthem .Andtheminionssmashedthemallagain .

• Andallthepiecesofglasscamealiveagain,andnowtherewereamillionglasspeople .• Theywantedtobefriendswiththeminions,sotheyswarmedoverthemandEvilMisterFredandsmotheredtheminahugepileofglass .

• ThentheFlameManmeltedtheoutsideoftheglasssoitbecamesolid .[This line is missing from the video.]

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 8

Transcript: Intro Intheolddays,ifyoubuiltabigcastlesomewhere,andyouwantedwindowsinit,youcouldhaveahole .Buttheyhadnoglass .Sotheywouldtakesomethinglikelambskin,andthey’dscrapethelamb-skinanditwouldgetreallythin,putoilonit,andthey’dputthelambskinovertheopeningtokeepallthecoldout .Andyoucouldgetsomelightthroughit,butyoucouldn’teverseethroughit .

Theynoticed,however,thatifyouwereoutonthebeach . . .supposethisissomebeachbackhere,andthere’ssomeoceanoutthere . . .andyou’dstackedupsomewoodandmadeafireoutthere,thatsometimes,afterthefirewasallout,they’dlookunderthefireanddiscoverthatsomeofthesandhadclumpedtogetherinablob .Andthefirewasalmosthotenoughtomeltthesand .

Andtheyalsonoticedthatifastormcamebyandlightninghitthesand,thatthelightningwouldcreatelongthingsthatlookedkindoflikethetuskofanelephantandmeltthesandalltogether .Andyou’dactuallypicktheseupandthrowthemaround .Andiftheyweremeltedstrongenough,ifyoubrokeit,youmightfindthatontheinsideitwascrystalclear .

Andifyouhappenedtobuildyourfirebyacliff,andthecliffhappenedtobemadeoutoflimestone,andthedustfromthelimestonemixedwiththesand,andyoubuiltyourfirethere,ifyoumadeyourfirereally,reallyhot--insteadofgettingjustalittleglobofmeltedsandunderneath,youcouldgetabigglobofmeltedsand .Andifyoubreakthatandscrapeit,you’dfindthatyouhadcreatedglass .

Soglassrequiressandandlimestone .Limestonehascalciuminit,calciumoxidetypically[CaO].Andthelimestonecanmakethesandmeltatalowertemperature .Butit’snotrealglassyet .Itneedsonemorething .Itneedstohavesodiuminit .

Now,ifyou’reoutatthebeach,whereareyougoingtofindsomesodium?[Student: The water.]Allright!Howdidyouknowthat?[Student: Because it’s all salt water.]Saltwater .Andwhat’ssaltmadeoutof?[Student: Sodium and chloride.]

Blob of sand under fire.

Lightning melts sand.

Limestone cliff provides calcium and salt water provides sodium.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 9

You’reright!There’ssodiumchlorideinthewater .Soifthere’ssaltthereandthere’slimestonethere,andyouhaveafirethat’shotenough,youcouldmakeglass .It’skindofcrummyglass .

Tomakereallygoodglass,youneedperfectlywhitesand,andyouneedgoodqualitylimestone,andasourceofgoodqualitysodium .Sodiumchloridedoesn’tworkthatgreat .ButifyoutooklikeArm&HammerBakingSoda,bakingsodaisgood .Mixthatwiththesandandyoucanmakegoodqualityglass .

Theglassthattheymakefromthat,theycouldmeltitandpouritontoflatsteelsheets .Anditwouldcooloff,andthenasitcooled,somethingbadhappened .[Student: It would break.]Yep .Itwouldjustbreak .Becauseastheglasscools,stressesbuildupinit,andprettysoon--chingggg!--itbreaksitself .[Stu-dent: How do you make it not break?]Well,youhavetocoolitreallyslowly .Soifyoupouritoutandthenkeepithot,andjustvery,veryslowlycoolitdown,thenitwon’tbreak .Theycallthatannealing .

Oryoucanaddsomethingelsetoyourglass .Youcanaddborontoit .Goodoldboron .That’sPyrexglass .Todaywe’regoingtobeusingglassthathasboroninit .Thechemistsputitinthesetubes .Therearenumbersonthetubes .Youcanactuallysuckonthisendandsucktoxicchemicalsupinside .Theyputthiscopperblobintheresoyoudon’tsuckthemintoyourmouthanddie .It’sgotnumbersonitsoyoucanmeasurehowmuchjunkyou’resuckingup .ThisiscalledPyrexglassbecauseit’sgotboroninit .Itdoesn’tcrackaseasilyasregu-larsodiumglassdoes .Thewindowsinyourhousearemadeoutofregularoldsodiumglass .Well,todaywe’regoingtodosomeexperimentswithglass .Butfirst,weneedacrazystory .

Glass tube (disposable Pyrex pipette).

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 10

Story: “Jack and Jill and the Crystal Palace”Onceuponatime,EvilMisterFredwasoutmarchingacrossthecountrysidewithhisminions,lookingforsomethingtodothat’sbad .Andhe’dputhiscastleontwologs,likethat .Andheputthelogsontopoftheminions’heads .There’salltheseminionsthere,carryinghiscastle .AndEvilMisterFredofcoursewasontop,di-rectingeverything .Andhehada . . .Whatwouldbeagoodthingtomakethemin-ionsgofaster?Heputdogcollarsonthemthat,whenhepokeshisremotecontrol,itshockstheminions .He’dsay,“Okay,minions,faster!”Andtheminionswouldsay,“Boss!Thisthing’sheavy!”Andhe’dsay,“Faster,faster,faster!”--bzzzttt!Andtheminionswouldgo“Owwwww!!”Andthenthey’dgofaster .

Andashewasgoingacrossthecountry-side,loandbehold,hesawacrystalpal-ace .Ahugecastle-likestructureallmadeoutofglass,likethat .

Andhesaid,“Whoa,checkthatout!”Andtherewerepeopleintherelivingthegoodlife .Everythingwasmadeoutofgold .Theircupsandtheirspoonsandtheirsaucersandtheirshoes--everythingwasmadeoutofgold .Hesays,“Whoa!Ilikethatplace,madeoutofgold,filledwithgold .Okay,minions,putthecastledown .”Andtheywentka-thump!Andtheythrewthecastledown,anditbroke,whichmadehimreallymad .Buthesaid,“Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo .Grab

yourbaseballbats,runoverthere,hitthecrystalpalacewithyourbaseballbats,stealalltheirgold,andbringitback .”

Sotheminionssaid,“Yeahhhh!”Andtheygrabbedtheirbase-ballbatsandranoverthereandbangedonthecrystalpalace .Andtheybrokeit .Theybrokeitalltopieces .Bigpileofrubble .Thepeoplethatwereinsideranawayscreaming .Theminionsgrabbedallthegoldandbroughtitback .Nowtheyhaveapileofgold .

Destroyed palace and pile of gold.

Evil Mister Fred’s minions wearing dog collars.

Crystal palace.

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Well,prettysoon,newswentacrosstheentirecountry .“There’sanevilguyaroundherewho’llstopatnothing .He’sbrokenourcrystalpalaceandstolenourgold .We’vegottostophim .”SotheycalledJackandJillandsaid,“Helpusout!We’vegottostopthatEvilMisterFred .”

AndJackandJillsaid,“Okay,we’llheadovertoyourcountryandseewhatwecando .”

SoJackandJillwereontheirwayover,andduringtheirwalkoverthere,theyfoundaguysittingbyatree .Andtheguywasallmadeoutofflames .Whatshouldtheycallhim?[Student: Flame Man.]FlameMan .Okay .Theysaid,“Whysosad?”Andhesaid,“Well,nobodywantsmeforafriend .”JackandJillsaid,“Well,IthinkIcanunderstandwhy .”AndFlameMansaid,“Well,yeah,Ijustgotoshaketheirhand .Nextthingyouknow,they’rerunningawayscreaming .Ijustdon’tunderstandit .”Andheleanedbackonthetreethathewassittingnexttoandboom!--thetreecaughtonfire .Hesaid,“Lifejustisn’tgoodforaFlameMan .”AndJackandJillsaid,“Well,youcancomealongwithus,andmaybewe’llfindsomewaytohelpyouout .”SotheFlameManwentwithJackandJillofftotryandstopEvilMisterFred .

Alittlewhilelater,theycametoanasterisk .Andtheasteriskwasjustfloatinginmidair .Andtheasteriskhadamagicwand,likethat .Andithadsomeeyes .Andtheysaid,“Whoa,whatareyou?”Andtheasterisksaid,“Well,I’mareallyoldfairy .Iusedtohaveallkindsofgreatpowers,butnowI’vegotmymagicwand,andIfloataround,andIcandoafewthings,butnottoomuch .”AndJackandJillsaid,“Well,whydon’tyoucomealongwithus,andwe’llgofightEvilMisterFred?”Thefairysaid,“Ohboy,ohboy,ohboy,Ilikethis!I’llgofightthatEvilMisterFred!”

Sothentheysawthecrystalpalace,allbrokentopieces .Andtheysaid,“Whatatragedy .Whatabeauti-fulplaceitwas .AndEvilMisterFredhasdestroyedit .”AndoffinthedistancetheyheardEvilMisterFredlaughing,“Mwah-ha-ha!”Withallhisgold,EvilMisterFredcalledtheAcmeStoreofEverything,andheorderedsteelarmorforhisminions .Hedidn’tneedtoputhelmetsontheirheadsbecausethey’realreadyreallyhard .Andwitharmoron,nowtheycoulduserealweapons .Before,ifyougaveaminionasword,he’djustgosticktheotherminion,andEvilMisterFredwouldhavetogluehimbacktogetheragain .Nowthey’vegotarmor,sotheycanuseswords,andtheycangofweew!fweew!--theycanhackateachother,andit’sokayiftheycutafewpiecesoffthem .Hecanalwaysgluethosebackonagain .

Nowhehasaninvinciblearmy .AndJackandJillcamealong,sawEvilMisterFredandhisarmy,andsaid,“Uh-oh .Thisisbad .Howareweevergoingtostophim?”

IfyouwereJackandJill,whatwouldyoudotostoptheEvilMisterFred?

Jack & Jill with Flame Man.

Asterisk fairy.

Minions with armor.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 12

Imagination and Brainstorming Time[Students make suggestions](THEREARENOWRONGANSWERS!Whatevertheysay,youshouldreply:“That’sagoodidea,”“Theymightdothat,”etc .Afterbrainstorming,proceedwiththeexperi-ments,thenfinishthestory .)

We’llleavethis“TobeContinued . . .”

Experiment: “Blowing Glass”Well,forourexperimentwe’regoingtobeusingfire .Ifyouhavelongbaggysleeves,youmightwanttorollthemup .Ifyouhavelonghairthattendstofallinfrontofyourface,youmightwanttotieitback .

[Each group gets an aluminum roasting pan with about a half-inch of sand in the bottom, a propane torch, a lab stand base and metal rod, and a plastic cup. Students assemble the lab stand, place it in the pan, and duct-tape the torch to it. They fill the cup with water and place it in the pan. When this video was shot, a previous class had already assembled the equip-ment.]

We’regoingtobeusingthesesetups .Luckyforyouguys,thelastclasssetthemallup,soyoudon’thavetodoit .See,wehavehereyourcontainerofwatertouseasyourfireextin-guisher;propanetorch .You’llfindtherearepiecesofglassintherethatarealreadysittinginthere .Youcanignorethemorusethem,whateveryoulike .Therearelittletinypiecesofglassinthereprobablyaswell .Youcanpickthemup,squeezetheminyourfingers .Ifyoustarttobleed,youcandotheooh-aah-ooh-aahdance .Therearebandaidsoverthere .

EverytimeIdothisexperiment,somebodyscreamsreallyloud,jumpsupanddown,doestheooh-aah-ooh-aahdance,andrunsofftothebathroom,andthenyouhearwaterrunning .Andyousaytoyourself,“Uh-oh .Iwonderwhattheydid .”Well,you’regoingtobeheatingupglasstothepointwhereit’sred-hot .Now,glass,whenit’sred-hot,isred--whichiscool .Soafteryoudowhateveryou’regoingtodowithit,youmightsetitdown .Andthenlateryoumightpickitbackup .Glass,aftertheredgoesaway,isperfectlyclear .Andifyoupickuptheendthatyouheated,thenyoudotheooh-aah-ooh-aahdance .Becauseyoucan’ttellwhichwasthehotendandwhichwasthecoolend .SoIrecommendthatyouonlypickitupbytheendthathasthelittlewhitefluffinthere .Ifyouaccidentallyheatthatend,orheatitforwhateverreason,thewhitefluffturnsblack .Don’tpickupblackfluff .You’llfindout,onewayoranother .

SoI’llshowyouacoupleofthingsthatwecando .Youhavechoicesabouthowyouwanttodoyourflame .Youcouldpointitatyourface .Oryoucouldpointitawayfromyou .Irecommendpointingit

Propane torch duct-taped to lab stand, with sand and water in aluminum pan.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 13

awayfromyou .[Lights torch and places end of glass tube in the flame.]Theglasslikestobeheatedkindofslowly .Ifyouputitintheflame,theglasshasthisniceorangeglow .EventhoughthisisPyrex,itstilldoeshavesodiuminit,andthesodiumgivesitthatorangeglow .

Now,glasshasveryhighsurfacetension .Whatthatmeansis,whenitmelts,itwantstoformasphere .SonowwehaveRudolph’snose,rightthere .Itmakesaball,anditsealsofftheend .

Now,glass,ifyouheatitup,doesn’tusuallycrack,unlessyouheatitreallyfast .Butwhenyoucoolit,itshrinks .Anditcoolsontheoutsidefirst,thentheinsideshrinks .SoifIgetithotandthendipitinthewater[dips end of heated glass rod in glass of water]--doink!--itbreaksoff .

Now,upuntilthelastclass,nobodyhadeverreallyscatteredhotbrokenpiecesofglassacrosstheentireclassroom .Andsomebodyinthelastclassdiscoveredawaytodothat .[Student: How?]Ifyouheatitupandgetitmeltedandhappentohavesomewaterinthere,andthendipitinthewater,andthenquicklytakeitouttolookatit,thenhotshardsofglassshatteracrosstheroom .Luckily,everybodywaswearingtheirgogglessotheydidn’tgetanyglassintheireyes .

Sothefirstpartoftheexperimentisjusttoheatthetip,makeaball,andthenstickitinthewaterandseeifitbreaksoffornot . [Student: What happens if it doesn’t?]Thatmeansyouwaitedtoolongbeforeyoustuckitinthewater .Thenyoucanmakeanotherball,kindofsealofftheendabit .[Instructor holds broken end of rod in the flame.]Intheflame,thepaintturnswhite,anditmakeskindofagreenflame .

Thentakesomespotonit,andheatanyoldplaceyoufeellike .[Instructor holds the rod in the flame, a couple of inches from the end.]Ithelpsifyouturnitwhileyouheat .Andjustletitsag .[Tube sags, forming a right-angle bend.]Nowyou’vemadeabend .Andifyouwanttohavesomethingtotakehome,don’tdipitinthewateraftereachthingyoudo,becauseeverytimeyoudipitinthewater,itbreaksoffandyouendupwithabunchoflittlepiecesinthewater .Ifyouwanttohavesomethingtotakehome,thenyoucandipitinthewateraftereachbend .

Now,thatpart’sgoingtostayhotforalongtime .Oneofthenicethingsaboutglassis,ittransmitsheatvery,veryslowly .Sowheremyhandis,isn’tgoingtobehot .IfIheatanotherplace . . .[Student: Can you bend it back?]Youcantry .It’shardertobenditback .[Instructor continues heating a second spot

on the glass, making another right-angle bend.]

Everseenthemmakelittlecreaturesoutofglass?Theytakeglasslikethis,andthentheyshapeitintosomething .Thisisstart-ingtobeananteater .Nowsupposemyanteaterneedslegs .You’lleachgettwo

Ball forms at end of tube.

Making second bend in the tube.

Hot tip shatters in water.

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Blowing Glass -- Page 14

piecesofglasstoworkwith .SupposeIwantthisanteatertohave,oh,maybeears,orantennas,orsomethinglikethat .I’llheatthetopofhisheadandthenstickthetwotogether,andthenpullslowly .[Instructor holds a part of the bent tube, and the end of the second tube, in the flame at the same time. Then he touches the end of the second tube to the heated spot on the first one, and slowly pulls the second tube away. The glass stretches into a thin length, then breaks off when it gets really thin.]Nowhe’sgotanear .Andthenyoucanmeltittocreateakindofaballattheend[holds end of thin “ear” in the flame] .Nowhe’sgotanearwithagoofyendonit .Andthenyoucanheatupbothoftheseagain .[Student: Is it important that you pull slowly when you do that?]Oh,youcanpullfast,andyougetalittleearlikethat .Ipulledreallyfast,andnowhe’sgotashortear .Youcangivehimeyesandearsandlegsandwhat-everyoufeellike .

You’reeachgoingtogetabouttwominutesoftime,andthenyouhavetolettheflamebeusedbyyourneighbor .Whenyou’redonewithyourglass,putthehotenddowninthesandsonobodypicksitup .Don’tputanyglassonthetable;it’llmeltthetabletop .

Nowsomepeoplewanttotrytoblowabubble .Ifyouwanttotrytoblowabubbleinit,youheatupasectionofit .[Instructor heats up another section of the first tube.]Thisglassisreallythick,soit’sreallyhardtoblowabubble .Iftheendissealedoff,youcanjust . . .Thisiswhere,ifyouhavelonghair,youdon’twanttoleanintotheflame .[Instructor blows hard into cool end of tube.]Itbubbledoutandthenitpopped .Soyoucancreatewartsonyourcreaturebyblowingbubblesonhim .Anditactuallydoesburstthebubble,andnowhe’sgotaholeinhim .Thecreaturecanuseittostorestuff .

Soyou’regoingtobeworkingwithapartner .You’lleachhavetworodsofglass .It’sbetterifyouworkoneatatime,soyou’llhaveabouttwominutes,andthenyou’llswitchplaces .Ifyouwantto,youcanworkbothtogetherinthesameflame .Iusuallyhearcommentslike,“No!Awww,lookwhatyoudid!”whenpeopleworktogether .Ifyouliketodothingslikethat,youcandothat .

Youneedtoweargoggles,andyouneedtobestandingthewholetime .Ifsomebodyburnstheirhandanddropstheirglass,youdon’twanttobesitting .[Students push chairs back and stand at table.]

Stretching the second tube to make an “ear.”

Heating two tubes.

“Ear” with a ball at the end.

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Choosesomeonetoworkwith,andthencomeandgetoneofthesetubs,andtrytogetittoyourtablewithoutdroppingitonthefloor .Thealuminumfoilpansareweak .

[Students get into groups of two or three and get their tubs containing sand, a propane torch, and a glass of water. They also put on goggles. Instructor passes out two Pyrex pipettes to each student.]

Atsomepoint,I’mgoingtogiveyoupliers .Getyourglassred-hotandsquishapartofitandseewhathappens .[Instructor passes out pliers, one to each group.]

Duringthetimeoftheexperiment,ifIseeyouwithoutyourgogglesonyoureyes,you’llhavetositintheback .Becauseyouneverknow,ifsomebodyaccidentallyletsonefly,youdon’twantglassinyoureye .[Instructor passes out a few barbeque lighters.]Here’salighter .Onceyougetyourslit,youcansharethelighterwithyourneighbors .Soyoucanlightyourtorches .

First,meltthetipandtrytomakeaball .[Students practicing heating the glass, then try the various techniques demonstrated by the Instructor. Some use pliers to hold the rod when making bends in it. At the end of the experiment, students put their trays back on the cart. They can take home their pieces of glass if they want. Instructor collects lighters and pliers.]

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End of Story * DO NOT * present this part of the lesson until after the experiments!WherewereJackandJillwhenweleftthem?[Student: They were trav-eling with Flame Man and the fairy, and they saw the crystal palace that was destroyed.]Andtheysaid,“Oh,no,lookatthisplace .It’samess .”ThentheyturnedandtheysawEvilMisterFred,whohadputarmoronallhisminions .Andhegavethemsteel-platedbaseballbats .Aninvinci-blearmy .Andswords .Andanythingelsetheywanted .AndEvilMisterFredwasontopofhiscastlesaying,“Mwah-ha-ha!”

AndJackandJillsaid,“Allright,FlameMan .YouwanttojustgoburnEvilMisterFredup?”AndFlameMansaid,“Well,Icould,butthatwouldbetooeasy .Let’strysome-thingdifferent .”Hesaid,“Hey,fairylady!Seethatbrokencastlewithalltheglassontheground?Canyoumaketheglassbecomealive?”Andthefairyladysaid,“Well,Idon’tknow .Mypowersaren’tasgreatastheyusedtobe,butI’llgiveitatry .”

Soshecastaspell:“Eeny-meeny-chili-beany-turn-alive!”Bwoossshhh!Andalltheselimegreensparksshotoutandhitonepieceofglass .Andthepieceofglassstartedtowiggleandshake .Andthenitstoodupanditgrewarmsandlegsandbecameaglassperson .Andshesaid,“Whoa,Ididit!Yay!”Sonowthere’saglassperson .AndJackandJillsaid,“Well,thatdoesn’tlooklikeaverygoodarmyperson .Onehit,andhe’sgoingtobreakintoamillionpieces .”Thefairysaid,“Oh,giveitachance .”Sotheysaid,“Okay,glassperson,gofightagainsttheminions .”

Sohewanderedoverthere .Theminionslookedathimandsaid,“Whoa,youcanseethroughthisguy .Cool!”Andoneminionwentwhack!--andhisarmbrokeandfelloff .Anotherminionsaid,“Neat!”Andwentwhoosh!--bothlegsbrokeintopieces .Andthentherestofthemattackedhimlikesharksinafeedingfrenzy .Andtheybeathimallintodust .

Well,theminionsranawaycheering,butallofthepiecesoftheglassmanstartedtogrowandwiggle .Andeachofthemturnedintotheirownglassman .Sonowthere’sthousandsandthousandsofglassmenformingrightbeforetheirveryeyes .

Andtheminions,they’renotbeingdiscouraged .Theysaid,“Allright,morefun!”Sotheyranoverthereandstartedbang-ingonthoseguys .Andeachoneofthoseguysturnedintoathousandnewguys .Sonowyou’vegotamillionglassmen .Andtheminionsarewayoutnumbered .Andtheglassmensay,

Green sparks from fairy’s wand hit a glass fragment, and it turns into a glass person.

Broken glass around palace.

Fragments from the broken glass person turned into a million glass people.

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End of LessonIf y0u have questions about this lesson, please ask them through the online Teacher Support Forum on our web site.

“Friend!Friend!”asthey’rechasingtheminionsaround .Andalloftheglassmenwantedtohugtheminions .Andbeforelong,alltheseminionsarewiththishugepileofglassmenallaroundthem .Andtheminionsaresaying,“No!Letmego!Leavemealone!Stopit!Don’tdothat!”

AndEvilMisterFredisnowsurroundedbyanarmyofoverly-friendlyglassmen .AndEvilMisterFredsaid,“Nooooooo!”[Then the Flame Man melted the outside of the glass so it became solid.]Andalltheysawwasahugepileofglasswithscreamsinside .Andtheyalllivedhappilyeverafter,exceptEvilMisterFred .

Evil Mister Fred and minions ovewhelmed by glass people.