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Teacher Notes Go through the slide show beforehand in notes view
as well as regular slide-show. The notes help with additional information & discussion. There is a teacher notes Word document.
Red arrow help point out important information for note taking.
You can print a 6-slides-per-page or 3-slides-per-page handout and make your own notes from the slide presentation.
You may want to print the notes pages of the slides. (There is a Word doc of all the notes.)
There is a notes handout for TEKS Biology and a diagram handout for regular and Honors.
This PPT was revised June 6, 2006.
TAKING NOTES
Hints on taking notes from this PowerPoint:• Listen carefully to the teacher
discussion.• Not everything shown is to be taken
as notes.• Look for the “take notes” symbol.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Matter within ecosystems is
recycled. decomposersbacteria and fungi
soilminerals and humus
producersgreen algae
water and salts
consumersanimals
decay
dieeaten
die
All Cycles Are Related
Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,
Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms
N2
Fossil Fuel Combustion
H2O
CO2
SO2, NO2
Phyto- plankton
Zoo- plankton
Ocean Sediments
Nutrient Recycling
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Nitrates, Sulfates,
Phosphates
Phosphate
Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &
Decomposers
H2O
Urea Runoff
Respiration Decomposition
Transpiration
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWater, carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen & other elements cycle from the abiotic (“geo” nonliving environment) to biotic (“bio” living organisms) & then back to the environment.
bioticabiotic
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements move through a regularly repeated sequence of events.
Define a cycle. H2O C
N O
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts.
atmosphere
“bank”
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Organisms release elements in daily activities or after death.
Give an example of an activity that releases elements.
RIP
atmosphere
“bank”
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Decomposers (or combustion or erosion) break down organic matter.
What is a result of their actions?
RIP
atmosphere
“bank”
WATER CYCLE Use the next diagram to help
you define the following:– evaporation– condensation– precipitation– transpiration– runoff– accumulation
Condendation(clouds form)
Condensation
Transpiration
Precipitation
Evaporation
Accumulation
Run-off
water cycle diagram
EVAPORATION - water changing from a liquid into a gas (water vapor)
CONDENSATION - water vapor (gas) changing to a tiny drops of water (liquid) that form clouds or rain
PRECIPITATION - water vapor (gas) changing into a liquid or solid such as rain, hail, sleet or snow
TRANSPIRATION - water loss from plants when water vapor goes out through stomates (little openings) in leaves
RUN-OFF - water moving across the Earth’s surface (stream, river, gully)ACCUMULATION - water
gathering into an area (pond, lake, stream or ocean)
WATER CYCLE
Nonliving portions of the water cycle include condensation, evaporation & precipitation.
bioticabiotic
WATER CYCLELiving portions of
the water cycle include plants performing transpiration and water intake by all organisms.
bioticabiotic
WATER CYCLE
Water vapor exits plant leaves during transpiration through tiny openings called stomata.
WATER CYCLE
Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.
WATER CYCLE
Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.
WATER CYCLE
Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.
WATER CYCLE
Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.
WATER CYCLE
Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.
WATER CYCLE If water cycles are driven by the
sun’s heat energy, what effect would global warming have on the cycle?
CARBON CYCLE
Why is the Carbon Cycle often called the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle?
respirationphotosynthesis
O2
CO2
CARBON CYCLE
Like other element cycles, the carbon cycle links nonliving & living parts of the environment.
bioticabiotic
CARBON CYCLEThe exchange of gases during
photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the living-nonliving cycle of carbon-oxygen.
respirationphotosynthesis
O2
CO2
CARBON CYCLE
How does carbon enter the living part of the cycle?
CO2 + H2O ----> C6H12O6 + O2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2 CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
Using the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS, plants use CO2 to make food
CARBON CYCLE
Carbon is returned to the atmosphere environment by:
– cellular respiration
– erosion
– combustion
– decomposition
CARBON CYCLE Use the next diagram to help you
define the relationship of the following terms to the carbon cycle.
– respiration
– photosynthesis
– decomposition
– combustion
– erosion
CARBON CYCLE
limestone
com
bu
stio
n
soil
ero
sio
n
anim
al r
esp
irat
ion
pla
nt
resp
irat
ion
assi
mila
tio
nb
y p
lan
ts
ph
oto
syn
thes
isb
y al
gae
resp
irat
ion
by
alg
aean
d a
qu
atic
anim
als
litter
fossil fuelscoal, gas, petroleum
CO2 in Atmosphere
decomposition oceans, lakes
RESPIRATION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when food (glucose) is broken down during respiration
PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Plants use carbon dioxide to make food
DECOMPOSITION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere as organic matter is broken down
COMBUSTION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when organic material is burned
EROSION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when erosion breaks down certain rock
dec
om
po
siti
on
“BANKS” – CO2 in atmosphere and trapped underground in fossil fuels
carbon cycle animated
Write a descriptive summary of the events shown.
WHITE DOTS - carbon dioxide released from combustion (forest fire, burning fossil fuels) or respiration (soil and plant & animal
BLUE DOTS - water, note how they collide with the white dots to represent photosynthesis
GREEN DOTS - carbon trapped in glucose from photosynthesis - note how green dots move through organisms then flash red to represent respiration
RED DOTS - represents respiration or combustion - note the red flash of green dots into white dots at soil respiration and animal & plant respiration - and the red flash into white at forest fire & burning of fossil fuels
NITROGEN CYCLE
79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use.
N2free
nitrogen
NITROGEN CYCLE
If we can’t take in free nitrogen, how do we acquire it so we can use it in our bodies?
Why do we need nitrogen in our bodies?
NITROGEN CYCLEHow do we acquire usable
nitrogen?Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert
nitrogen into nitrates.Plants absorb nitrates.Animals eat plants.
N2
in airnitrogen-fixing
bacteria
NITRATES
NITROGEN CYCLEHow does the nitrogen return to
the atmosphere?Denitrifying bacteria convert
the nitrates back into nitrogen.
N2
in airnitrogen-fixing
bacteria
NITRATES
denitrifyingbacteria
NITROGEN CYCLE
Can plants & animals use free nitrogen?
In what form must N2 be to be used by plants?
What organisms can fix the N2 into a usable form?
N2free
nitrogen
nitrates
nitrogen-fixingbacteria
NITROGEN CYCLESimplified
Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the nitrogen cycle.
– free N2 bank
– nitrogen fixation
– nitrates
– organisms
– organic material
– denitrification
org
anis
ms
NITROGEN CYCLESimplified
Free N2 in Atmosphere
nitrogen-fixingbacteria
NITRATES
denitrifyingbacteria
RIP
Organicmaterial
FREE N2 “BANK” - Pure nitrogen “banked” in the atmosphere which is made up of 79% nitrogen.
NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA - nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrate compoundsNITRATES - the form
of nitrogen that can be used by organisms
ORGANISMS - Plants take in nitrates and use them in their tissues; animals eat the plants and get the nitrates from plant tissues
ORGANIC MATERIAL - Dead organisms, animal waste and organic litter are decomposed by bacteria and other decomposers
DENITRIFICATION - Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates from decomposition back into free nitrogen.
NITROGEN CYCLE
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
nitratesorganicmatter
denitrifyingbacteria
gaseous losses (N2, NOx) lightning
fixes N2 intonitrates
NITROGEN CYCLE
Nitrogen Cycle Animation http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb
itesize/biology/ecology/nitrogencyclerev1.shtml (scroll down to view)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/flash/bi01013.swf (same graphic but alone on a page)
Nitrogen Cycle
Find the brown dots entering plants and animals.
In what form is the nitrogen?
What main organisms “fix” the N for use?
(N-fixingbacteria)
Reviewing the CyclesCARBON CYCLE
– photosynthesis-respiration
– combustion
– erosion
– decomposition
RIP
atmosphere“bank”
Reviewing the CyclesNITROGEN CYCLE
– nitrogen-fixing bacteria
– nitrates
– decomposition
– denitrification
Free N2 in Atmosphere
nitrogen-fixingbacteria
NITRATES
RIPOrganicmaterial
denitrifyingbacteria
Cycle Interrelationships
Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,
Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms
N2
Fossil Fuel Combustion
H2O
CO2
SO2, NO2
Phyto- plankton
Zoo- plankton
Ocean Sediments
Nutrient Recycling
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Nitrates, Sulfates,
Phosphates
Phosphate
Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &
Decomposers
H2O
Urea Runoff
Respiration Decomposition
Transpiration
Works Cited
“Transpiration”. No date. Online Image. Department of Energy. June 6, 2006. www.epa.gov/ord/images/leaftransp.jpg
“Stomates”. No date. Online Image. Department of Energy. June 6, 2006. http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html
“Animated Water Cycle”. No date. Online Image. Environmental Protection Agency. June 6, 2006. www.epa.gov/region7/kids/drnk_b.htm
Works Cited
“Animated Carbon Cycle”. No date. Online Image. National Park Service. June 6, 2006. http://www.nps.gov/olym/hand/process/ccycle.htm
“Animated Nitrogen Cycle”. No date. Online Image. National Park Service. June 6, 2006. http://www.nps.gov/olym/hand/process/ncycle.htm