Te Rohe Potae Nineteenth Century Land Issues (1840 - 1907 ...€¦ · Incorporations for the Central North Island Stage 1 inquiry (Wai 1200, #G4) and completed a contextual scoping

Wai 898, #A 16

Te Rohe Potae Nineteenth Century Land

Issues

(1840 - 1907):

Scoping Report

Leanne Boulton

Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Rohe Potae Inquiry

(Wai 898), January 2009

Leanne Boulton, ‘Te Rohe Potae Inquiry Nineteenth Century Land Issues Scoping Report, January 2009

1

The author

Leanne Boulton has been employed as a Research Analyst/Inquiry Facilitator at the

Waitangi Tribunal since May 2002. She has completed a report on Native Townships in

the Whanganui inquiry district (Wai 903, #A39), co-authored a report on Trusts and

Incorporations for the Central North Island Stage 1 inquiry (Wai 1200, #G4) and

completed a contextual scoping report on socio-economic issues for the National Park

inquiry (Wai 1130, #A57). Her most recent work has been in the Tauranga Moana

twentieth century inquiry (Wai 215, #S5 and #S6). In that inquiry she was commissioned

to prepare two reports: a socio-economic and demographic profile of Maori in the

Tauranga district, 2001 and a report on the impact of town and country planning on

Tauranga Maori communities between 1953 and 1990. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in

English Literature and First Class Honours and a Master of Arts with Distinction in

History from the University of Canterbury.


2

Contents

THE AUTHOR ..............................................................................................................................................1

CONTENTS...................................................................................................................................................2

FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................................5

ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................8

BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................8

Commission and casebook background .................................................................................................8

Consultation with claimants.................................................................................................................11

DEFINING THE TOPIC OF THE SCOPING REPORT ..........................................................................................11

Unpacking the topic .............................................................................................................................11

Relationship to other casebook research .............................................................................................14

Methodology ........................................................................................................................................16

Sources.................................................................................................................................................16

Scoping structure .................................................................................................................................18

CHAPTER 1: EARLY EUROPEAN CONTACT AND NON-GOVERNMENT LAND/RESOURCE

TRANSACTIONS, PRIOR TO 1862.........................................................................................................25

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................25

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................................25

APPROACH.................................................................................................................................................30

Sources.................................................................................................................................................30

Links and overlaps with other casebook research ...............................................................................37

Existing research .................................................................................................................................37

Research needed ..................................................................................................................................38

Time and resources required ...............................................................................................................38

Total estimate time for researching and drafting this chapter.............................................................39

CHAPTER 2: EARLY GOVERNMENT CONTACT AND CROWN LAND/RESOURCES

TRANSACTIONS TO 1865........................................................................................................................40

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................40

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................................40

APPROACH.................................................................................................................................................47

Sources.................................................................................................................................................47


3



Research needed ..................................................................................................................................55


Total estimate time for research and writing up first draft ..................................................................56

Possible research assistance projects ..................................................................................................57

CHAPTER 3: THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW LAND LEGISLATION AND THE NATIVE LAND

COURT TO THE DISTRICT, 1865-1886 .................................................................................................59

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................59

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................................59

APPROACH.................................................................................................................................................64

Sources.................................................................................................................................................64



Research needed ..................................................................................................................................70

Other reports that should be commissioned.........................................................................................70



CHAPTER 4: THE NATIVE LAND COURT SYSTEM IN TE ROHE POTAE, 1886-1890 ..............75

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................75

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................................75

APPROACH.................................................................................................................................................84

Sources.................................................................................................................................................84



Research needed ..................................................................................................................................90


Total estimated time for research and drafting this chapter................................................................92


CHAPTER 5: LAND TITLE ISSUES AND LAND/RESOURCE TRANSACTIONS IN THE

INQUIRY DISTRICT, 1890 - 1907............................................................................................................95

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................95

DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................................95

APPROACH...............................................................................................................................................103

Sources...............................................................................................................................................103


4

Methodology ......................................................................................................................................115

Links and overlaps with other casebook research .............................................................................116

Existing research ...............................................................................................................................117

Research needed ................................................................................................................................118

Time and resources required .............................................................................................................120

Research assistance projects .............................................................................................................122

CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................................123

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................123

CHAPTER OUTLINE...................................................................................................................................123

ESTIMATED PROJECT TIMEFRAMES ..........................................................................................................125

RESOURCING ...........................................................................................................................................132

APPENDIX 1: REGISTERED CLAIMS IN TE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT WITH ISSUES RELATING TO LAND

IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY .................................................................................................................135

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF TE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY CLAIMANT FEEDBACK ON LAND ISSUES ...............154

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF AGENCIES CODES SEARCHED AT ARCHIVES NEW ZEALAND, WELLINGTON AND

AUCKLAND..............................................................................................................................................160

APPENDIX 4: ACCESS TO FILES AT THE HAMILTON MAORI LAND COURT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS ......161

APPENDIX 5: FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTIONS..........................................163


5

Figures

Figure 1: Map showing the Waitangi Tribunal’s Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District.............. 7

Figure 2: Rohe Potae Boundaries ..................................................................................... 20

Figure 3: The Railway Alienation Area and the Main Railway Route............................. 21

Figure 4: Te Rohe Potae Maps: Land and Autonomy and Te Rohe Potae in the 1880s .. 22

Figure 5: Taranaki and Auckland Provincial Boundaries, 1853-1867 ............................. 23

Figure 6: Mission Stations, 1840-1860............................................................................. 24

Figure 7: Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District: Boundaries in the Northern Area ................... 58

Figure 8: Land Alienation in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District, 1840-1910 ....................... 93

Figure 9: Land Tenure in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District, 1903-1904............................. 93


6

Abbreviations

AJHR Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives

ATL Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

BBP British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand

ed/eds Editor/editions

CFRT Crown Forestry Rental Trust

CNI Central North Island (Waitangi Tribunal inquiry)

LINZ Land Information New Zealand

ML Plan Maori Land Plan (held by LINZ)

N/A Not applicable

No. Number

NZPD New Zealand Parliamentary Debates

OLC Old Land Claim

p/pp Page/pages

Sess Session (of Parliament)

vol. Volume


7

Figure 1: Map showing the Waitangi Tribunal’s Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District

Map 1: Te Rohe P6tae District: OvelView of final boundary including extensions Wail""", TtmcmaI, 25Jan2008

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• •

.......... . Te Rohe P6tae District Inquiry boundary

c::::::J The Rohe P6tae as described in the 1883 petition

1:-:-:·:·:.:1 Extensions for particular groups

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8

Introduction

Background

The purpose of this report is to identify issues and themes that may be explored in a main

historical report or reports dealing with land issues in the Tribunal’s Te Rohe Potae

inquiry district from 1840 to 1907. The existing literature and available resources on

these issues is assessed, gaps identified and further research recommended. Each chapter

gives a preliminary indication of the time and resources that may be required to complete

that research. This proposed timeframe is then set out in full in the recommendations

chapter. Appended to this scoping report is a detailed bibliography of primary and

secondary sources relevant to these topics and a discussion about how those sources

might be employed to complete the research required.

Commission and casebook background

This introduction provides a brief background to this scoping report and its place in Te

Rohe Potae inquiry research casebook. The second part of this introduction seeks to

clarify the meaning of terms such as ‘Rohe Potae’, ‘land issues’, and ‘nineteenth century’

in the context of this scoping report. Readers should refer to Appendix 1 for a lists claims

filed in this inquiry that appear, at this point, to be relevant to research into nineteenth

century land issues. It should be noted that this is a preliminary assessment, and

statements of claim are likely to be amended before hearings begin. Appendix 2 provides

a summary of feedback from claimants on land issues at various Tribunal-organised hui

in the district since the inquiry formally began.

The historical research on land issue for this period forms part of a programme or

casebook of commissioned projects that was approved in October 2007 after discussion

and consultation with the claimant community in Te Rohe Potae inquiry district. Seven

research themes were identified:

1. Traditional history, tribal landscape and oral evidence,

2. Political engagement and constitutional issues, including raupatu


9

3. General land alienation and title issues

4. Specific land alienation and title issues

5. Non-land resources and environmental management issues

6. Local and claim-specific issues not covered elsewhere

The proposed research on land issues during the 1840-1907 period sits along side a

number of other projects in theme 3. It is intended that the research will form part of a

larger exploration of land issues for the whole period to the present. A scoping report has

been commissioned by the Crown Forestry Rental Trust (CFRT) to consider how land

issues from 1900 may be addressed. The Tribunal is also commissioning a quantitative

land alienation study that will calculate and analyse the extent of alienation of Maori land

in the inquiry district between 1840 and 2007 and map the land remained in Maori

ownership at 1870, and then at 10 year intervals to the present day.

The proposed research also has significant connections with the reports on political

engagement and constitutional issues in theme 2 and with the railways report. Several of

the reports on specific land alienation and title issues (theme 4) will compliment the

research on nineteenth century land issues. Separate report on the Mokau-Mohakatino

and Mohakatino-Paraninihi Blocks, on Native Townships and on public works takings

means that those issues will not be covered in the proposed research. A separate report

will deal with the history and impact of local government and rates on Maori

communities and land within the inquiry district.

The commission for this scoping report sets out what the scoping assessment is required

to cover. This includes:

More clearly identifying relevant primary and secondary documentary sources likely

to be useful for the main project for this district and the key themes and issues

identified;

Producing a detailed bibliography of primary and secondary sources for the main

report;

Identifying and collating relevant geographical information for the main report;


10

Developing and more clearly defining proposed chapter outlines, scope and

methodology for the main report and identifying gaps in information;

Recommending appropriate start and end dates for the main reports and whether a

separate report for the northern part of the inquiry district is required;

Identifying tables and graphs likely to be required for the production of the main

report;

Defining overlaps and links with relevant projects including the political engagement,

railways, Native township and separate theme 4 land reports; and

Estimating the working time required for the first main report and any recommended

separate reports and timelines and milestones for the preparation of the report(s).

The scoping exercise was asked to cover the following topics:

a) the nature and extent of early pre-war settler, church and Crown land transactions

implemented in the district;

b) the practical operation of the Native Land Court process in the inquiry district,

including the form of title created as a result of the process and its impact on

customary interests;

c) the impact of the Native Land Court’s processes on the ability of hapu and iwi to

collectively manage the lands and resources they retained;

d) the nature of the court process in the district, including the manner in which title was

investigated, the nature and extent of Maori engagement with the court, and the

adequacy of protections offered through its processes;

e) the impact of the court process, including the nature and impact of surveys, and the

costs related to having cases heard;

f) the implementation of Crown land settlement policies, including the impacts of

systems established by the Crown to regulate and manage private and Crown

purchasing and leasing in the district;

g) the extent of and impact of private purchasing and leasing in this district in the

nineteenth century;

h) the extent of and impact of the system of Crown purchasing to 1905, including:

- the methods employed by land purchase agents,


11

- the use of various kinds of Crown monopolies in land purchasing in the region,

whether national, regional or targeted to certain blocks,

- valuation issues, including whether resources such as timber were taken into account

in valuing Maori land,

- the impact of survey liens and costs on the Crown purchasing process,

- the impacts of Crown partitions on land alienations,

- the kinds of land and resources identified for purchasing,

- the extent to which leasing was used as a technique to pressure land sales, and

- major developments in the implementation of land purchasing and leasing policies

during the period.

i) The findings of the Stout Ngata Commission on land purchasing and leasing in the

district by 1905.

Consultation with claimants

All statements of claim that raise issues relevant to the commission questions have been

identified and examined during the preparation of this scoping report. Appendix 1 lists all

of these statements of claim and details the issues they raise in respect of land issues in

Te Rohe Potae inquiry district. At this stage of the inquiry it is not always possible to

distinguish between claims relating to land result from Crown actions and/or omissions in

the nineteenth century and the twentieth century. As a result a broad and inclusive

approach to identifying claims has been taken.

Defining the topic of the scoping report

Unpacking the topic

Nineteenth century issues involve hapu and iwi of the district and their ability to exercise

authority over, manage and utilize their lands (and associated natural resources) for

traditional purposes they wished to maintain, and for new opportunities arising as a result

of European contact and settlement. The utilization and management of lands and

associated resources includes issues arising from entering new forms of transactions, such

as leases and other mutually agreements over the use of resources, including even


12

permanent transfers of land and resources. This two-pronged focus on the nature and

exercise of hapu and iwi authority of lands and resources, and the transactions in which

that authority was expressed avoids focusing simply on land alienation. Instead, it seeks

to provide a wider view of the variety of ways in which Maori communities and

individuals in Te Rohe Potae inquiry district sought to use their lands and associated

resources. This approach will also attempt to assess the impact that Crown actions and/or

omissions had on Maori authority and on the outcome of these transactions.

It should be noted that, while this report does not comprehensively consider waterways,

forests or other natural resources (likely to be covered in separate reports) it will

nevertheless include these resources in so far as they were also considered by one or both

parties to be involved in these transactions. Therefore when use the report uses the term

‘land’, readers should also note that this could include the natural resources considered

associated with the land. Similarly, while there is likely to be a separate economic issues

report, this report will also need to consider issues raised in terms of the limitations or

opportunities offered for the utilization of lands for economic benefits. As mentioned

previously, separate reports will also cover Native Townships and land taken for public

works purposes. It is intended to keep a tight focus on land issues as defined above by

using research on political engagement and railways to provide context to discussions of

and issues where necessary.

The term ‘nineteenth century’ also requires some clarification before any discussion of

land issues commences. In the context of this scoping report the ‘nineteenth century’ has

been defined as the period from the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 to the

release of the Stout-Ngata Commission’s report in 1907. It was originally intended to

begin the period to be covered in 1882-1883 when the Rohe Potae agreement was

reached and stop in 1907. However, by taking in a larger time period the research will be

able to explore the changing ways in which Maori communities and individuals in the

inquiry district were able to exercise their authority over land, and how various Crown

policies and practices affected these. In particular, the expanded time frame will allow

comparisons between transactions entered into before and after the New Zealand Wars


13

and before and after the Native Land Court entered the district. It will be necessary to

identify and discuss a number of early non-government land transactions in the district,

some of which were initiated prior to 1840 but were subsequently, dealt with by the

Crown in the old land claims commission from 1841 to 1861.

At the other end of the time period, it is proposed that the research will take in the period

up to 1900 when the Crown had called a halt to the purchasing of Maori land.1 Because

this legislation allowed purchases already begun to be completed the research should be

extended through the period between 1900 and the Stout-Ngata Commission in 1907.

New Maori land legislation in 1900 also heralded a new system of making Maori land

available for settlement through district Maori land councils (and later district Maori land

boards). The Act ‘emphasised leasing rather than selling Maori land. Maori owners could

voluntarily transfer their lands through deeds of trust to the Councils to manage on agreed

terms. These lands, later known as vested lands, could be leased by Councils but initially

not sold.’2 This was a significant change of regime that continued for much of the

twentieth century and ought to be dealt with in its own report. The commission to inquiry

onto the question of Native lands and Native land tenure (the Stout-Ngata Commission)

of 1907 marked an important point in this transformation. It chronicled Maori land loss in

the district over the previous decades but set out to identify what land remained to be

administered and alienated by the district Maori land boards. The nineteenth century land

research will focus on what the Stout-Ngata commission evidence and reports can tell us

about the extent of land loss and about the factors that constrained the ability of hapu and

iwi to exercise authority over their land and resources in the period prior to 1900.

This scoping report concerns the land and hapu and iwi of the Waitangi Tribunal’s Te

Rohe Potae inquiry district. The boundaries of this inquiry district (see figure 1) were

informed by several historical boundaries. In particular it follows quite closely the

boundaries of the confiscation districts of Waikato, in the north, and Taranaki, in the

south. The inquiry district also conforms quite closely to the boundaries of what became

1 Section 3 of the Native Land Laws Administration Act 1899


14

known in the Native Land Court as the ‘RohePotae’ or ‘Aotea Block.’ The RohePotae

block was part of the original Rohe Potae, and area of about 3,500,000 acres defined by

iwi leaders in an 1883 petition. The RohePotae (Aotea block), estimated at about

1,844,780 acres was ‘determined by the Native Land Court in 1886 when Tuwharetoa

and Whanganui lands were cut out of the larger 1883 area.’3 It should be noted that this

report uses the court’s spelling ‘RohePotae’ for the block when specifically discussing

the area defined by the court in 1886 to distinguish it from the larger ‘Rohe Potae’

defined in the 1883 petition.

The Tribunal’s inquiry district also takes in a number of areas that fell outside the

RohePotae block defined by the court in 1886. In the south these include the Mokau-

Mohakatino and Mokau-Paraninihi blocks. The inquiry district also takes in the Maraeroa

and Ketemaringi blocks in the east4 and the area north of the top half of the Aotea

Harbour. In addition, there are some areas that lie in the Waikato Confiscation zone north

of the Punui River where land was returned to Maori by the Compensation Court in 1866.

Research is needed to establish to what extent hapu and iwi communities were able to

control and manage those lands, and what proportion of that land remained in Maori

ownership by the end of our period. Proposals about how research on these areas could be

handled are discussed in the body of this scoping report.

Relationship to other casebook research

The nineteenth century land research will have some connections to O’Malley’s first

political engagement report, 1840-1863 and with his report on war and raupatu. His first

report will provide factual material on traders, missionaries and musket wars. But the

land research will avoid overlapping with his report by focusing only on the issues of

authority over lands and resources and evidence for this and on early non-government

land/resource transactions, their nature, and to what extent they appear to have been

2 The Maori Lands Administration Act 1900 cited in Cathy Marr, The Alienation of Maori Land in theRohe Potae (Aotea Block) Part 2: 1900 – 1960, Rangahaua Whanui District 8, August 1999, p 33 Waitangi Tribunal, The Pouakani Report, 1993, noted that ‘This area was defined by the Native LandCourt sitting in Otorohanga in 1886 as the lands of Ngati Maniapoto, shown on the plan ML 5851/1-4.’ (p408)4 These two blocks were part of the Tauponuiatia, the eastern part of the original 1883 Rohe Potae.


15

recognized by the Crown. It is envisaged that O’Malley will deal fully with the rise of the

Kingitanga, the war and confiscation so these will not be dealt with in the land report.

The land research will also be closely connected to Barclay and Marrs’ political

engagement report. That report will help inform the researcher about the wider political

climate in the region during this period and some material will no doubt be summarised

and included in the land report as context. It is intended to avoid overlap by focusing on

the extent and nature of Maori practical experience of the court, and of leasing or entering

other arrangements with Europeans over land and resources. In the later period this focus

will be on what happened at the ground level in the court between 1886 and 1890, and

with the Crown’s preparations for the purchasing of Maori land in the district prior to

1890. The last chapter of the report will focus more narrowly on the range of pressures

affecting hapu and iwi ability to retain, use and manage their land/resources in the face of

an organised Crown programme of land purchasing.

There will also be connections with Cleaver and Sarich’s railways report. This is

particularly true for the material on the funding of the railway construction by the

Crown’s purchasing and reselling of Maori land in the district. It is envisaged that

Cleaver and Sarich will explore this issue in the context of the impact those activities had

on the funding and construction of the line itself. The land report will summarise that

material and view it in terms of the extent to which the railway loans and purchasing of

land to fund the construction of the railway drove the Crown’s overall land purchasing

programme in the district. It will also deal with the impact of the exclusion zone on

private purchasing on land management and transactions.

This report will also draw on data produced by the land alienation quantitative study for

this inquiry. However it is intended that the land research will concentrate on a more

detailed discussion of the various pressures on hapu and iwi attempting to retain, use and

control their land/resources. This should complement rather than overlap with the land

alienation quantitative study.


16

Methodology

The nineteenth century land issues report will explore the same large theme throughout

the whole report. That is, how did events, circumstances and Crown policies and

processes impact on hapu and iwi ability to exercise authority over, manage and utilize

their lands (and associated natural resources) for traditional purposes they wished to

maintain, and for new opportunities arising as a result of European contact and

settlement.

In the period before 1865 it should be possible to examine all transactions for which

evidence is available. However, after 1865, and particularly after the RohePotae (Aotea)

block is defined by the court and begins to be divided into a large number of blocks

during the 1880s and early 1890s it is no longer possible to deal with what happens to all

blocks. The court’s processes are complex and diverse especially when coupled with

transactions between individual owners and the Crown. Therefore it will be necessary to

select certain blocks for more detailed discussion of particular processes and their effect

on hapu and iwi. Berghan’s block narratives and the land alienation quantitative study

will cover all blocks and transactions (where possible) in the district. Instead the focus of

this report will to be to identify and describe and examine overall patterns of transactions.

It will seek to understand the factors that shaped those transactions and the impact they

had on Maori communities in the district in terms of their authority to retain, use and

manage their lands and resources across the nineteenth century.

Sources

The nineteenth century land research will rely heavily on primary (original historical)

sources. Official published sources such as royal commissions of inquiry, The Appendices

to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR) and The British Parliamentary

Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP) have been searched during this scoping

report. These contain reports and letters by various government officials and Members of

Parliament. Acts of Parliament and the debate over the passing of that legislation in the

House of Representatives and Legislative Council have been identified as a further source

of material. New Zealand Gazette will be useful during the research for following up


17

references found in Maori Land Court and archives files. The private papers of various

missionaries and government officials who were involved with Maori and their land in

the inquiry district between 1840 and 1907 have been located at the Alexander Turnbull

Library, Wellington and at various libraries and museums in Auckland, Hamilton, New

Plymouth and smaller centres in the district itself. Jane Luiten identified many of these

sources in her scoping of regional repositories. Archives New Zealand in Wellington and

Auckland hold many historical files of government departments such as the Department

of Maori Affairs, Lands and Survey Department and the Maori Land Court.5 Some lands

and survey files and many maps and plans are still held by the Land Information New

Zealand (LINZ) office in Hamilton. The Hamilton and Wanganui Maori Land Courts

retain Block Order files and correspondence files covering the nineteenth century for this

inquiry district.6 Further maps and photographs from Alexander Turnbull Library,

Wellington and from regional museums will supplement the written record.7 Maps

showing other administrative boundaries in the nineteenth century, such as the boundaries

of New Munster and New Ulster and later of the Auckland and Taranaki provinces (up to

1877), Land Districts and Counties should be sought to assist researchers in locating

primary sources.

In addition to research formally commissioned for Te Rohe Potae inquiry, a number of

research support projects have recently been completed. The focus of these projects has

been to identify and/or collect primary source material or to explore important Native

Land Court processes and procedures. These include:

Jane Luiten, ‘Research Guide to Local Te Rohe Potae (King Country) Historical

Sources;

Ann Beaglehole, ‘Te Rohe Potae Bibliography’;

Paula Berghan, ‘Block Research Narratives related to Land Purchasing in Te Rohe

Potae Inquiry District’;

5 A list of the agencies searched during this scoping exercise is shown in appendix 3 of this report. A searchof new accessions not yet on Archway (Archives New Zealand’s online catalogue) should be undertakennear the beginning of the research.6 Appendix 4 of this report outlines recent changes to access arrangements at the Hamilton Maori LandCourt and notes some material there that has not yet been catalogued.7 Appendix 5 of this report provides more detail about these collections.


18

James Julian Mitchell, Excel spreadsheet index to King Country petitions and

accompanying document bank;

Cathy Marr, ‘A Brief Guide to Researching Petitions to Parliament (with particular

emphasis on petitions by Maori )’, Waitangi Tribunal Report (Working Paper), 2007;

and

Lin Johnson, ‘A Brief Overview Petitions from Maori to the Crown/Governor, 1840-

1920’.

Many secondary sources (published sources based on historical material) have been

identified as fruitful avenues for further explorations. These include research completed

for other Tribunal inquiries, and the Tribunal’s final reports on particular districts. A wide

variety of general and academic books and articles will be relevant to the land research.

Some of these are briefly in the text and all those located so far are listed in Part I of the

bibliography where they are arranged in three sections: general publications (arranged by

type and place), these include local histories, local government material and family and

marae histories. Academic material (books, articles and theses) are arranged by topic as

are Tribunal reports, research reports and other Tribunal publications. This thematic

arrangement is designed to assist in locating material on particular topic or about

particular places.

Scoping structure

This report suggests a five-chapter structure for a proposed report on land issues in the

inquiry district from 1840 to 1907. Each chapter begins with a discussion of the kinds of

questions suggested by the existing research and research from other Tribunal inquiries.

This is followed by a discussion of the sources available to address those questions; a

discussion of connections and potential overlaps with other reports being commissioned

for this inquiry and a review of the existing research. Each chapter ends by listing the

research that will be required and giving a time estimate for each of those research tasks,

and suggests a number of projects that could be undertaken by a research assistant. The

time estimates for each chapter are gathered together in the recommendations chapter

along with a discussion of options for allocating resources to the report. The scoping


19

report ends with a number of appendices giving further information about sources and a

bibliography of primary and secondary sources.


20

Figure 2: Rohe Potae Boundaries (Sources: Cathy Marr, The Alienation of Mori Land

in the Rohe Potae (Aotea Block), 1840-1920, Rangahaua Whanui District 8,

1997, Figure 1)

••

-.... .. 'M' -_ .. """' _-.._J ,~-

I

I I I I


21

Figure 3: The Railway Alienation Area and the Main Railway Route

(Source: Cathy Marr, ‘The Waimarino Purchase Report: The investigation, purchase and

creation of reserves in the Waimarino block, and associated issues, 2004,

Wai 903 #A60, Figure 4)

\ .-~ ,

, "" \ \ t

J

fl" if ~-:-'- L..:--=--=-',---,

I if

/ I


22

Figure 4: Te Rohe Potae Maps: Land and Autonomy and Te Rohe Potae in the

1880s (Source: Malcolm McKinnon (ed.), Bateman New Zealand Historical Atlas, 1997,

Plate 84)

Te Rohe P6tae The opening of the King Country, 18805 to 19205 ._ ... _"c. .... ~ ___ _ --...... ....,- ...... -~ ------,..-. ... ------~---... __ .......... "'-'r . .. -.--.. ---''''-~''' ..... _ .. _-,-""'_ ....... . .... -......... ,.,. ... _ ... -.-.a._"' __ . __ ...... ...... _-_ ..... "'---"""'-----_ .. _-; .. _-.. -_ .. _ .. _ ... ..... -_ ..... _ ... __ ... -.... __ ........ -- .... -.-----~ --..- .... --. ... -_ .. _" ... -..--_ .. --_ ..... --"'''' ...... _._,,-_ .. -----_ .... -",.,-----... -~ _ .. _-. .. .. -_ .. _---...... _ .. -.------.... """' ... ---.... ...-..--,.'-"'''''-""",,-_ ... _-=: ::..::::.::.:::--.::" .~ ..• "'- ..... _ ..... -_ ..... _-----"'''' ,-_ .. ...- .. -_""_"_1.0_ ....... '-.._ ..... _" ..... __ .--"" .. ' ....... -_ ......... ---_ .. -""",,_~f. __ ... -_ ...... __ .. -... --'--"-' ,,-_ .. .... .... -- .....-.., .. '---. ,.-~-fto"""' ... ..,.. .... ... _ ... _ .. _"._-_ ... -_, _______ r.

..... -_ ....... --,.-T ___ . ' __ .. _ . .. , ... .. --_ ......... _,"-...... _, ...... _""'''-', .. --_ ... --..... " .. -------_ ... --_ ...... _-, ::":.. ....... t:::"'~_-'!':::: _ .nu""""" ~-- .. - .. "", ... "--'-"'--""----~ .... "'- .. ,-... -.. , .... ~ .... --... - ..... ., --_ .... -_ ... -...- .... _ ... _----_ ..... _----,"'" _n ...... '_ ... ___ , .... --_ .. -_ ..... _ ..... '-_. -_. __ .... -._-_ .. _ ... _--_..-.~_ ...... _r_. .. __ _ ... __ ....... ---.. __ .... _ ... _-....... __ .. _"' ... -... -... , ....... _ ...... _ ... ---

-----------

"" ........ . 1lIl .... ' .. .. ...

-~-~--O .-----------0 .-----------. .---......------8 -----


23

Figure 5: Taranaki and Auckland Provincial Boundaries, 1853-1867

Source: Richard Hill, Policing the Colonial Frontier, Vol. 1, part 2, Historical Branch,

Department of Internal Affairs, 1986, pp 950-951)

• 'I 'I',' , I I!i !lllll . ! I i

!. " " II

I


24

Figure 6: Mission Stations, 1840-1860

(Source: Evelyn Stokes, Mokau: Maori Cultural and Historical Perspectives, University

of Waikato, 1988, Figure 9)

• e M S (A,ogIicoon)

" Ron>IIn CoIhOlc o_~

o~

MISSION 1840

o 00 ro , , ,


25

Chapter 1: Early European contact and non-Government

land/resource transactions, prior to 1862

Introduction

This chapter discusses some of the research issues that will need to be explored in

researching early European contact and non-government land and resource transactions in

Te Rohe Potae inquiry district. These include transactions that were investigated by the

Old Land Claims Commission during the 1840s and 50s, and those that were not. This

research should cover the period up to 1862 when Francis Dillon Bell, the Land Claims

Commissioner presented his final report to Parliament, which constituted the end of the

old land claims process in the inquiry district. 8 The chapter concludes by considering the

available sources, the existing research and what research will need to be done on these

issues. It also gives a preliminary indication of the time this research will take and

indicates whether there are tasks that could be assigned to a research assistant.

Discussion

The first contacts between Rohe Potae iwi and hapu and Europeans prior to 1840 were

limited in extent and confined mainly to the coastal areas. Kawhia, and later Mokau,

Aotea and Whaingaroa harbours provided shelter on the treacherous West Coast of the

North Island. Traders at Mokau and Kawhia in the 1820s ‘were involved in the export of

flax and foodstuffs such as potatoes, maize, and pigs and the import of guns, tools,

blankets, and other goods.’9 The mid-1830s saw the first mission stations established

around these western harbours, with further missionaries arriving in the 1840s. The

8 The first Commissioners, Colonel Edward Godfrey and Captain Matthew Richmond, were appointed in1840. However, their investigations left many claims unresolved. In 1856 the Office of Commissioner ofthe Court of Land Claims was established under the Land Claims Settlement Act 1856. Francis Dillon Bellwas appointed sole Commissioner of the court, and published rules for claimants, investigated claims andpresented his final report to Parliament in 1862. (Archives New Zealand, undated, Old Land Claims (OLC)Record Group administrative history)9 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 3


26

location and approximate dates of these stations are shown in figure 6.10 A few Pakeha

settlers came into Ngati Maniapoto territory during the 1840s and 1850s via Kawhia or

up the Waipa Valley.’11 Some married into local communities and their families were

absorbed into them. Robert Ormsby and Louis Hetet are well known examples whose

children often became influential in later contacts between Maori and settlers.12 By the

1850s and 1860s these harbours became important in the coastal shipping route between

New Plymouth and Auckland.

Some, but by no means all, of these early transactions with traders and with the churches

became subjects of old land claims. Five old land claims by early traders at Kawhia have

been identified:

John Israel Montefiore (OLC 1008)

John Vittoria Cowell and Edward Lee (OLC 1026)

William Johnston (OLC 1040)

John Laurie and Samuel Aron Joseph (OLC 1314)

George Charleton (OLC 1353)

In addition there were two old land claims by the Wesleyan Missionary Society for land

at Kawhia and at Whaingaroa (OLC 947 & OLC 948).13

It will be necessary to identify as many other non-old land claim land/resource

transactions between Europeans and hapu and iwi in the district prior to 1860 as possible.

This will give a sense of the extent and location of Maori -European engagement over

land and resources in the district. However, it is likely that many of these transactions

will not be able to be documented beyond a few lines from a source here or there, but a

10 O’Malley charts the earliest period of Wesleyan Missionary Society, Church Missionary Society(Anglican) and Lutheran missionary contact in the Rohe Potae (O’Malley, ‘Te Rohe Potae PoliticalEngagement, 1840-1863: A Scoping Report’ [draft Nov 2008], pp 13-16)11 O’Malley provides an overview of some of the traders visited and/or settled in the district before 1860(O’Malley, ‘Political Engagement, 1840-1863 … [scoping draft Nov 2008], pp 9-11)12 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 413 Berghan, ‘Block Research Narratives …, 1 April 2008 [draft], no page numbers


27

few may be able to be discussed in greater detail.14 With only seven old land claims in the

district it will be possible to consider the investigation and outcome of each case up to the

point where the case was dismissed or a Crown grant was made to the European applicant

(at which point the land was alienated from Maori ownership). The legal effect of these

decisions and the issuing of a Crown grant in terms removing or constraining Maori

authority over the land/resources involved needs to be considered. A further issue of

potential significant is the claiming of ‘surplus’ land by the Crown. Moore et al noted

that where Commissioner Bell determined that Maori consented to the original

transaction the difference between the area originally claimed and that awarded to the

applicant was often claimed as ‘surplus land’ by the Crown. 15 Further research is needed

to determine whether this was the practice with old land claims at Kawhia and

Whaingaroa.

Research into early European contact and non-government land/resource transactions in

this district needs to focus on the impact of economic and social change in the district,

and the challenges and opportunities those changes bought, had on the ways in which

hapu and iwi exercised of authority over lands and resources. There should be an

emphasis on exploring how existing systems of authority over the district were coping (or

not) and developing as a result. It will be important to consider what early transactions

between hapu and iwi and private individual tell us about the changes to Maori leadership

and the authority exercised over lands and resources. However, attention should also be

paid to those things that remain constant or continue to underpin how land and resources

are managed and controlled.

The research should present an overview of the way in which hapu and iwi in the inquiry

district were organized. It should discuss the ways they were exerting authority and

14 For example, the transactions with Charles Davis and the Yates brothers at Kawhia could be exploredfurther. See AJHR 1860, F-1 and F-2, Report on the Select Committee on the Petition of Charles Davis andFrederick and Leopold Yates. AJHR 1860, G-1, Petition of Charles Davis and Frederick and Leopold Yatesrelative to the compulsory abandonment of their establishment at Kawhia. AJHR 1860, G-2, Petition ofFrederick and Leopold Yates relative to a case tried at Raglan arising out of an alleged breach of ‘The ArmsImportation Ordinance.’ 15 Duncan Moore; Barry Rigby and Matthew Russell, Old Land Claims, Rangahaua Whanui Series,National Theme A, July 1997, p 5


28

managing their lands and resources (as far as this is possible from written evidence

available) during the time of earliest contact with Europeans until the to the end of the

1850s. The research should ask what kinds of pressures (if any) are evident in the

documentary evidence as a result of contact and settlement on exercise of authority over

lands and associated resources? The kinds of pressures that come to mind here include

warfare and the acquisition of muskets, economic pressures and new opportunities,

technologies, ideas and perceptions brought into the district through Maori inter-tribal

trading and gift exchange, and later by traders and missionaries and taken up by hapu and

iwi.

For example, it may be that one of the reasons that hapu and iwi in the district engaged

with early traders in the 1820s and 30s was that these Europeans were a welcome source

of guns. Or such relationships enabled hapu and iwi to sell commodities such as flax in

order to buy muskets. 16 The impact that the growth of New Plymouth and Auckland in

the 1840s and 1850s had on shipping and trade along the West Coast of the North Island

and on the kinds of economic opportunities available to hapu and iwi at this time should

be considered. Wesleyan Methodist, Anglican and Lutheran (briefly) missionaries

established mission stations on Maori land at Mokau, Kawhia, Aotea and further afield at

Te Awamutu and Waipa during the 1840s.17 Research should be alter to the influence that

the adoption and/or pursuit of such ideas, skills (such as Christianity and literacy) and

material goods, new crops and farm machinery had on the types of land/resource

transactions hapu and iwi entered into. There should be some discussion about what these

transactions suggest about the way in which Maori authority was changing.

The range of hapu and iwi responses to new ideas and opportunities is unclear at this

stage. Research from other inquiry districts suggests the kinds of questions that could be

asked. For example, is there evidence of Maori accommodating new ideas into existing

systems of authority, relationships and land-based economic activity? Aside from

transactions that involved the right to use land, it is possible that hapu and iwi employed

16 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 3


29

other means of gaining commercially from their resources, such as levying charges

(either in cash or goods) for use of the waters or landing places at these western harbours

and river ports. While there was obviously change, was this apparently for the most part

manageable and accommodated within existing practices or were there clear signs of

fundamental change, new forms of authority, or a vacuum in authority? Is there any sign

that old systems being overwhelmed? What was the impact that contact with Europeans

had on Maori ideas and changing perceptions about authority – was there increasing

individualism? If evidence suggests an increase in individualism, was this confined to

particular sphere or to particular locations or activities? Were Maori able to gain from the

challenges and opportunities that transactions with Europeans before 1860 or were

problems with old forms of authority clearly holding them back and preventing benefits

from accruing?

This general assessment of the impact of these changes and opportunities on nature of

Maori authority over land/resources should be followed by a consideration of the nature

of the transactions themselves. The focus here should be to what extent land transactions

conducted between Europeans and hapu and iwi deliberately and willingly involve (on

both sides) some form of agreed transfer of interests and rights in lands/resources from

Maori ‘ownership’ and authority to private interests, including on a permanent basis. This

evidence will assist in answering the wider question of the extent hapu and iwi in the

district had adopted western notions the ‘sale’ of land as a valid and absolute alienation of

land. Or does the evidence suggest that they were wholly or partly operating within

tikanga Maori where such transactions over land/resources reflected the establishment of

a cross-cultural relationship with reciprocal benefits and responsibilities. For example,

research should consider any instances of conflict between Maori and Europeans over use

of this land and what these can tell us about what each party understood about the

transactions they had entered into.

17 See O’Malley, ‘Political Engagement, 1840-1863 … [scoping draft Nov 2008], pp 13-16 & 30-31 fordetails of missionaries in the district.


30

Those many (though not all) early land/resource transactions between Europeans and

hapu and iwi in the district were investigated by the Old Land Claims Commission during

the 1840s and 50s. The underlying rationale for the establishment of the commission was

the principle that title to land was recognised only where it was derived from Crown

grant. So following the British Crown’s assertion of sovereignty in New Zealand any

contracts for the direct purchase of land from Maori was declared null and void. As a

result the office of Commissioner of Old Land Claims was established in 1841.

Commissioners, who could recommend that a Crown grant be issued for the land claimed

if the purchase appeared valid, would investigate all land purchases prior to 1840.

Research should consider what the Crown’s policies of pre-emption and

investigation/validation of early non-government transactions over land and resources tell

us about their views on the nature of Maori authority and its ability to cope with

pressures. Does the introduction of this policy signal that Crown thought Maori weren’t

coping? To what extent was the Crown pre-emption simply a legal assumption enacted in

all British colonies rather than a response to local problems? What can the decisions of

the commission tell us about the Crown views on the desirability (or otherwise) of

European’s entering commercial arrangements with hapu and iwi and establishing

themselves in the district? Similar, what impact the policies of Governor Grey regarding

the role of missionaries in ‘civilising’ and ‘assimilating’ Maori had on the decisions of

the land claims commissioners on validating the claims of the churches in this inquiry

district?

Approach

Sources

The researcher will need to be aware that many of the documentary sources on which this

discussion will be based will contain some level of bias, being coloured by British

Victorian values and assumptions, and by government policies about Maori authority and

its place in the colony. It will be important to be mindful of these sources of bias and to

ameliorate this concern by using a wide range of sources. Maori voices will need to be

highlighted wherever they are available. Previous research has noted that one of the


31

difficulties of researching old land claims is that the written record does not capture

Maori perspectives on these transactions.18 It should be noted that claimants might also

have oral and traditional accounts of some of these transactions that they wish to present

in evidence before the Tribunal. Obviously changes in the nature and exercise of hapu

and iwi authority may differ in different parts of the district and given sources available

for this time may not be able to be fully covered. But the research focus will be to find

what evidence there is that seems relevant and identify and write up what it is possible to

say from this.

Sources for an overview of Maori authority in the districtSecondary sources will assist in setting out the general nature of iwi-hapu-whanau

organisation and authority over land and resources in the period before 1860 and in

discussion about the pressures which shaped changes to that authority in this period.

Primary sources will provide details of particular transactions between Maori

communities and Europeans in the district, which can then be discussed in terms of what

they transactions show about the nature and exercise of that authority.

Sources relating to nature of Maori authority over land and resources

The most recent text on the nature of traditional Maori authority and land tenure is

Angela Ballara’s, Iwi: the dynamics of Maori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945,

Victoria University Press, Wellington, 1998. Several older books such as (Ian) Hugh

Kawharu’s, Maori land tenure: studies of a changing institution, 1977 and Evelyn

Stokes’, Maori customary tenure of land, 1997 should be utilised. Ann Parsonson’s 2001

article ‘Stories for land: oral narratives in the Maori Land Court’ suggests that the Native

Land Court minutes will provide evidence of the way that hapu and whanau traditionally

regulated land and resource use.19

18 Waitangi Tribunal, Muriwhenua Land Report, GP Publications, Wellington, 1997, pp 2-3 and Mooreet al, Old Land Claims, 1997, p 819 Ann Parsonson, ‘Stories for land: oral narratives in the Maori Land Court’, in Bain Attwood and FionaMagowan (eds), Telling Stories: Indigenous history and memory in Australia and New Zealand, Allen &Unwin, 2001, pp 21-40


32

Source relating to pressures shaping Maori authority in the district

Vincent O’Malley’s report for this inquiry dealing with political engagement from 1840

to 1863 should be drawn upon to identify traders and missionaries in the district in the

first instance. His research on the involvement of hapu and iwi in the district in the

‘musket wars’ of the 1820s-1830s should provide the basis for a discussion of its

influence on their engagement with Europeans in the district. Where necessary the

researcher should turn to Angela Ballara’s, Taua: ‘musket wars,’ ‘land wars’ or

tikanga?: warfare in Maori society in the early nineteenth century, 2003 and R D Crosby,

A History of inter-iwi conflict, Reed, Auckland, 2001. In addition, Evelyn Stokes, Mokau:

Maori Cultural and Historical Perspectives, 1988 provides a summary of the traditional

history of hapu and iwi in the wider Taranaki/Mokau area up until 1840 and an account

of the Wesleyan mission station at Mokau in the 1840s.

Missionaries and new ideas, skills and technologies

It is likely that these sources will provide enough material for an overview. However

targeted research may be required to further understand the impact of missionary activity

on Maori authority in the district. A number of monographs produced by the Wesleyan

Historical society outline the establishment and the operation of various mission stations

at in the district. There is a range of diaries, letters and reports generated by missionaries

in the district; however, these are often voluminous so research will need to be targeted.

These include journals and letters by the Rev John Morgan, CMS missionary, Otawhao

(Te Awamutu), the Wesleyan missionaries the Rev James Wallis (Whaingaroa), Rev John

Whitely (Kawhia), Rev Thomas Skinner and Rev Gideon Smales (both of Aotea), and the

Rev Cort Henry Schnackenberg (Mokau). A full list of these sources appears in the

bibliography attached to this report.

New economic opportunities

The bibliography attached to this scoping report lists several secondary sources that

examine and theorise about the engagement of Maori with the capitalist economy in the

1840s and 1850s. These include, Hazel Petrie’s book Chiefs of Industry: Maori Tribal

Enterprise in Early Colonial New Zealand and a number of articles by her on this theme


33

in various journals. Petrie’s book may contain material of Maori economic ventures in the

Waikato and King Country. There is also Watson and Patterson’s article, ‘The Growth

and Subordination of the Maori Economy in the Wellington Region of New Zealand,

1840 – 1852.’ Also listed in the bibliography is an 1852 report by Rev John Morgan on

the economic and social development in Southern Waikato and West Coast, including

Kawhia & Aotea. An 1853 list and map of Native mills including those already built,

underway or funds collected for in South Waikato and Kawhia also been located.

Correspondence mentioning the building of a mill for Maori by a settler from New

Plymouth, Edward Pratt in the 1850s is also available at the Alexander Turnbull Library,

Wellington. There is also a useful article on a Maori flourmill at Otorohanga in a local

history journal, Footprints of History from 1996.

Evelyn Stokes’ regional study, Mokau: Maori Cultural and Historical Perspectives, and

Margaret de Jardine’s, The Little Ports of Taranaki: being Awakino, Mokau,

Tongaporutu, Urenui, Waitara, Opunake, Patea, together with some historical

background on each will provide some background to trading around West Coast

harbours. Customs statistics in New Zealand Statistics and possibly in AJHR may throw

some light on the kinds of trade and its volume from these ports. Researchers should also

refer to David McGill, (Anna Rogers(ed)), The Guardians at the Gate: The History of the

New Zealand Customs Department, 1991. The Auckland City library holds an early

sketch chart of Kawhia Harbour by Captain Thomas Wing from 1836. It would be worth

checking customs statistics for West Coast ports in the 1850s and 60s (either in AJHR or

NZ statistics). In addition, LE 1 series files contain ‘Returns of Customs Revenue at the

several Ports of New Zealand’ for the years 1857 and 1858. They also include a schedule

showing ‘Native Vessels, Return of the names and tonnage of, entering Auckland, and

the value of cargoes imported into the several Ports of Entry in the years 1855, 1856 and

1857.’ The Auckland City Library holds an 1859 map of ‘the harbours and bays of Aotea

and Kawhia, topographically and geologically explored by Dr Ferdinand von Hochstetter

1859.’


34

Crown’s restriction of private transactions and views about the impact of pressures on

Maori authority

An examination of Native policy in the 1840s and 1850s is available in Alan Ward’s A

Show of Justice: Racial amalgamation in nineteenth century New Zealand (1995 reprint).

It would also be worth consulting chapter three of the Tribunal’s Hauraki Report on pre-

1840s transactions. A number of government and non-government witnesses from the

Kawhia area appeared before the 1856 Board appointed to inquire into the system of

purchasing land from the Natives, and other matters. Their evidence will assist in

identifying early transactions but also in discuss about the Crown’s view of Maori

authority over land/resources in the district, and to what extent Maori communities were

coping with pressures on that authority.

Identifying early non-old land claims transactionsSeveral avenues are available for identifying early land/resource transactions between

hapu/iwi and Europeans in the district. These include papers relating to settlers who filed

claims for destruction and/or abandonment of property because of the New Zealand

Wars. There are also petitions in AJHR about such losses by Ann Charlton (Ruapuke,

Aotea [Harbour], 1871), Samuel Morgan (Kawhia, 1872) and Frederick Laurie (Kawhia,

1888). Numerous local histories contain useful factual material about early European

contact with the district, however most are poorly indexed and referenced so require

some time to skim through. Several early traders and settlers at Kawhia and elsewhere

can be identified from inward letters in the McLean papers. More information about

Captain Amos Kent is to be found in Alexander Turnbull Library manuscript file

containing an article relating to John Rodolphus Kent. Finally, reports from the district

officer at Raglan throughout the 1870s (published in AJHR) occasionally mention traders

who had land and businesses in Kawhia and Whaingaroa prior to the New Zealand Wars.

Old land claims processMoore et al Old Land Claims report probably provides as much background to a

discussion of the statutory framework and operation of the old land claims commissions

as will be needed for the proposed research. The report has no bibliography but the

footnotes provide references to many important primary sources. The 1860 volume of the


35

British Parliamentary Papers contains a ‘select committee report on the nature and extent

of outstanding land claims and the best mode of finally disposing of the same’ from

August 1856 (see Bibliography). A thorough search of these papers for further material

on old land claims would probably turn up further material. The reports by Bruce Stirling

and by Grant Phillipson for Te Paparahi o te Raki (Northland) inquiry listed in the

bibliography attached and the Tribunal’s Muriwhenua Land Report and Hauraki Report

contain detailed research into old land claims and the old land claims policy and process.

A helpful overview of that process can be found on Archives New Zealand’s online

catalogue Archway under the OLC agency history.

Documenting old land claimsThe best starting point for researching the old land claims in the Rohe Potae inquiry

district is Paula Berghan’s ‘Block Research Narratives Related to Land Purchasing’. This

report is currently in draft but should be in its final form early in 2009. The current draft

set out key facts about each of the known old land claims in the district. Berghan’s

footnotes and supporting documents should provide the first point of entry into more

detailed research. It is also worth looking up the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography

and Scholefield’s Dictionary of New Zealand Biography for further information on those

who filed old land claims. For example, there are entries for John Israel Montefiore and

John Vittoria Cowell.

Several sources will provide an overview of what happened with each of the old land

claims in the district. Tables appended to Moore et al’s report provide a summary of the

key facts about each old land claim. The 1862 report of Commissioner Bell is included in

LS 25/5 at Archives NZ Wellington. In addition, there are a number of Legislative

Department (LE) files at Archives NZ, Wellington containing minutes of Legislative

Council committees considering Bell’s report during 1862-1863 (see Bibliography).

AJHR 1878, H-26 contains a return of land claims finally settled and AJHR 1921 Sess. I,

G-5, pp 1-4 has a ‘Report of the Native Land Claims Commission’ which mopped up the

last unsettled claims.


36

Original deeds of old private land purchases will need to be located. Some of these will

be included in LS 25/5, Archives NZ, Wellington which contains old private land

purchases in New Zealand from 1815 to 1840. Turton’s Deeds has copies of eight old

private land purchase deeds in the Waikato and West Coast District dating from 1834 to

1846. Of these five are clearly in our inquiry district – four around Kawhia and one

around Aotea. These deeds should be compared with those in the LS file and against the

old land claims reports, returns and tables discussed above to determine whether they

match any of the old land claims already documented.

The OLC case files at Archives NZ, Wellington are the key source of information for a

detailed examination of each of the old land claims in this district (these are listed in the

bibliography). It is also worth looking at a number of general files on old land claims at

Archives NZ. These include:

OLC series 8 correspondence files – these are all indexed as they were used by the

various OLC commissions (1840-1881);

LE series 1 – land claims correspondence (1855-1856); and

BAAZ 1108, 88, 2173 - Lands and survey file on Old Land Claims (1877-1902).

Te Awamutu Museum hold some family history manuscripts for the Edwards and Cowell

families, and letters from George Charlton to and from Governor Grey regarding land and

liquor licenses (1853 – 1857). Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington also holds George

Charlton’s papers from 1840. There is an Agent for the General Government, Auckland

(AGG-A) file at Archives NZ, Auckland that deals with land acquired by Wesleyan

Missions, it is dated 1867-1869. The Maori Land Court Minute Books for blocks around

these harbours should be searched as narratives about early transactions with traders and

missionaries over land are often included.20

It should be possible to locate the Crown Grants issued to individuals and churches

whose old land claims were validated by the old land claims commissioners. In the

20 This is highlighted by Ann Parsonson in her discussion of the Pirongia East and West hearings in 1888 inher chapter, ‘Stories for land: oral narratives in the Maori Land Court’, in Bain Attwood and FionaMagowan (eds), Telling Stories: Indigenous history and memory in Australia and New Zealand, Allen &Unwin, Crows Nest NSW, Australia, 2001, pp 21 - 40


37

ABWN files at Archives New Zealand, Wellington there are four ‘Crown grants registers

– old land claims commission, Auckland’ from 1844, 1850-1856 and one volume that is a

register for Auckland, Taranaki, Wellington and Otago, 1844-1845. These registers seem

to relate to two volumes of ‘Crown Grants – Land Claims’, 1857-1861 and 1858-1864

and three volumes labelled as ‘Crown Grants – Record of Land Claims Commission’

covering the period 1857-1874 also in ABWN files. These are listed in the bibliography

attached.

Links and overlaps with other casebook research

There is potentially some overlap with the O’Malley’s first political engagement report,

1840-1863. His report will provide factual material on traders, missionaries and musket

wars. But this chapter will focus only on the issues of authority over lands and resources

and evidence for this and on early non-government land/resource transactions, their

nature, and to what extent they appear to have been recognized by the Crown.

Existing research

A summary of O’Malley’s sections on the musket wars and on missionary activities

from his political engagement report for the 1840-1863 period will provide almost all

the material required for a discussion on the impact of these two pressures on

hapu/iwi authority over their lands and resources.

Moore et al’s Rangahaua Whanui report on Old Land Claims, the Tribunal’s Hauraki

report and various research reports completed for the Tribunal’s Northland inquiry

could be summarised to provide an overview of Crown policy regarding pre-emption

and the investigation and validation of old land claims.

Berghan has identified and documented all the old land claims in the district. These

narratives can be summarised and further research focused on the nature of these

transactions and what they tell us about Maori authority in the district can be

identified and carried out.


38

Research needed

Overview of the nature of Maori authority over land and resources from secondary

sources;

Summary of secondary sources on the impact of musket wars as a pressure of hapu

and iwi to enter transactions with Europeans in the inquiry district;

Summary of secondary sources on impact of new economic opportunities and of the

skills, technologies and ideas introduced by missionaries on the desire of hapu and

iwi to enter transactions with Europeans in the inquiry district before 1860 and the

nature of those transactions;

Supplementary primary research into missionary influences from letters and dairies of

missionaries in the district (Schnackenberg at Mokau, Morgan at Te Awamutu and

Smales and Skinner at Aotea);

Summarise early transactions between European traders/settlers and hapu and iwi in

the district, which did not become old land claims from secondary sources;

Supplementary primary research to identify and document the nature of early non-old

land claims transactions between European traders/settlers and hapu and iwi in the

district (archives material on losses suffered by Europeans during the NZ Wars,

petitions from settlers in AJHR and mentions in local histories of western harbours);

Summary of old land claims policy and process from secondary sources;

Summary of old land claims block narratives from Berghan’s report for this district;

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land claims from the OLC case

files at Archives NZ, Wellington; and

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land claims from reports, deeds,

correspondence and other archival sources.

Time and resources required

The timeframes set out below are a preliminary estimate (in days) of how long it would

take a researcher to gather and write up a rough draft of material for each one of the

research tasks listed above. Estimate total time is given in days and weeks, weeks are

calculated based on 5 full-time days per week.


39

Task Estimate time (days)

Overview of the nature of Maori authority 5

Summary on impact of musket wars 3

Summary on impact of new economic opportunities 4

Summary on impact of skills, technologies and ideas introduced by

missionaries

3

Supplementary primary research into missionary influences 5

Summary of secondary sources on early non-old land claim

transactions (local histories)

4

Supplementary primary research into early non-old land claim

transactions

4

Summary of old land claims policy and process 3

Summary of old land claims block narratives from Berghan’s report 2

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land claims from

the OLC case files at Archives NZ, Wellington.

8

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land claims from

reports, deeds, correspondence and other archival sources.

9

Total estimate time for researching and drafting this chapter 50 days (10 weeks)

Some of this work could be allocated to research assistance:

Identify and document traders and settlers from New Zealand Wars compensation

cases (3 days); and

Extract and summarise any material pre-1861 on Mokau, Kawhia, Whaingaroa to do

with settler-Maori land transactions in CFRT newspaper document bank (2 or 3 days).


40

Chapter 2: Early Government contact and Crown

land/resources transactions to 1865

Introduction

This chapter discusses some of the research issues that will need to be examined in

researching early government contact and Crown land/resource transactions in Te Rohe

Potae inquiry district before 1865. This discussion is followed by an overview of the

primary and secondary sources that will assist in answering these questions. The chapter

finishes by identifying areas where there is already adequate research and what research

will need to be done. It also gives a preliminary indication of the time this research will

take and indicates whether there are tasks that could be assigned to a research assistant.

Discussion

There were a number of these transactions between 1851 and 1857, which with the

exception of the Harihari block north of the Marakopa River, were confined to coastal

areas around the key trading harbours of Mokau, Kawhia and Whaingaroa.21

Correspondence from AJHR 1861 shows that John Rogan carried out the negotiations

during the 1850s under instruction by Donald McLean, the Chief Land Purchase

Commissioner. It appears that Wiremu Nera, a rangatira at Raglan, and Wiremu

Tamihana offered land to the Crown in the areas around Whaingaroa and Waipa, and the

coastal area from Te Akau to the Waikato Heads respectively in about 1864.

As with early non-government transactions, the principle focus of the research should be

on what these transactions reveal about what each party understood about the authority of

hapu/iwi over their lands and resources. In some cases it is difficult to ascertain the exact

nature of the transactions that took place and which can reliably be considered to have

been completed. For example, there is some indication that some of the purchasing

around Whaingaroa in the 1850s may have been by private individuals, rather than by the


41

Crown. The map of the Rohe Potae titled ‘Land and Autonomy’ in Plate 84 of the New

Zealand Historical Atlas shows a large area on the southern side of the Whaingaroa

Harbour as ‘private purchase’ (they give no reference for this, see figure 4). There are

several files relating to the purchase of land by Captain J C Johnstone at Whaingaroa.22

But no case file for an old land claims by Johnstone can be found, so it appears that this

transaction was not considered to be an old land claim, so he may have been involved in

some sort of private purchase arrangement.

As has been noted in the context of early private transactions, from 1840 the Crown set in

place the legal practice of Crown pre-emption. Under this policy ‘there can be no private

ownership by the non-indigenous without the Crown first interposing and extinguishing

the Native title in some lawful manner.’23 The Crown would not recognise as valid any

private title to land ‘which is not either derived from, or confirmed by, a grant to be made

in Her Majesty’s name, and on her behalf’.24 This made the old land claims process

necessary but also opened the way for the Crown to acquire land from Maori and

reselling it to settlers it at a profit, thus funding a programme of land acquisition.25

Research will need to explore what the Crown’s pre-emption practically meant for this

district in the 1850s. Was it clearly necessary for the Crown to control land/resource

transactions in this way to protect Maori from being taken advantage of by individual

Europeans? If so, was that a reasonable response given the extent, nature and outcome of

those early private transactions discussed in the previous chapter? Or was this policy

something the Crown saw as protection for a new and different type of settlement – large-

scale organised settlement still to happen? In attempting to answer these questions it will

21 These dates are suggested by a listing of all purchase deeds and deed receipts for the Mokau, Aotea andKawhia districts from Turton’s Deeds. More reliable dates may emerge when copies of original deeds areexamined. 22 LE 1, 15, 1856/123, 62, ANZ, Wellington contain correspondence between Captain J C Johnstone andthe General Government respecting his land purchase at Whangora [sic]’, 1856. Te Awamutu Museumholds Captain J C Johnstone’s Letterbook for March 1881 to July 1882. Their catalogue notes that much ofhis writing appears to be petitions related to his claim to an early land purchase on the south side of theWhaingaroa Harbour.23 Boast, R, Buying the Land, Selling the Land: Government and Maori Land in the North Island 1865-1921, Victoria University Press/Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, Wellington, 2008, p 2024 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, pp 20 - 21


42

be important to establish the specific reasons why the Crown chose to commence

purchasing Maori land on the western coast of the inquiry district when it did in the

1850s. In particular, to what extent were these transactions aimed at securing access to

safe harbours along the coastal route between New Plymouth and Auckland? Were they a

response to immediate demand for land for settlement or was there some reason to

believe that these locations could be future sites of settlement? Attention should be paid

to the how these reasons may differ for each of these locations.

Another research focus on will be whether the Crown informed hapu and iwi in the

district that they wished to enter transactions with them over lands and resources? Was

there willing agreement from hapu and iwi that these kinds of transactions were needed?

In attempting to answer these questions the researcher should examine how these

transactions were initiated and what role Crown officials and hapu/iwi leaders played in

seeking out one another. We need to know more about the presence of the Crown in the

district during the 1840s and early 1850s.26 What role did visits to the district by Donald

McLean, as Protector of Aborigines and as Inspector of Police, in the 1840s play in

beginning a process that led to the transactions from 1854 onwards?27 To what extent did

Crown officials actively seek out communities where they wished to acquire land? Or

were communities willingly offering land for European settlement?

Research should also consider evidence relating to why hapu and iwi entered these

transactions with the Crown. Were there particular expectations about what would be

gained from the transaction in terms the number of Europeans who would settle in the

district, and/or an increase in trade and other economic activities? On the other hand, is

there any evidence that the cash payment was sought in order to support traditional

displays of wealth or rounds of reciprocal exchange with other hapu or iwi and thereby

25 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, pp 20-2126 For example, it is also possible that the Crown had established a customs house at Kawhia on land itsublet from Europeans who had entered an agreement for it with hapu and iwi, but it is unclear whether thistook place before or after the 1854-1857 transactions (AJHR 1860, F-1 and F-2 & AJHR 1860, G-1 & G-2)27 Stokes notes that Donald McLean, at that time a Protector of Aborigines and later Land Purchase Officer,and the Wanganui Missionary, Rev Richard Taylor made a journey down the Mokau River in 1845 (EvelynStokes, Mokau: Maori Cultural and Historical Perspectives, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 1988, pp95-96 citing A D Mead, Richard Taylor Missionary Tramper, Reed, Wellington, 1966, p 87)


43

enhance the mana of the community?28 Or was the desire for ready cash to repay debts

incurred in trade and farming in the 1840s and 1850s a factor for any of the communities

involved in these transactions? 29 If debt can be shown to be a significant factor in this

inquiry district in the areas these purchases were made, it may also be worth considering

whether the Crown’s response to the Maori commercial development adequate, especially

given that systematic assistance could have been afforded by the Protectorate of

Aborigines, which had been abolished by Governor Grey.30 If the response was

inadequate it may be possible to consider whether this contributed to Maori willingness to

enter transactions and received payment for their interests in land.

The research will need to explore the nature of the transactions themselves and consider

whether they were carefully explained by the purchaser and willingly agreed to by the

owners? This will involve exploring the extent to which Crown officials conducted the

negotiations in a transparent manner and what impact the way in which they secured the

consent of individuals to the transaction had on the exercise of hapu and iwi authority

over the land. In particular, what was the Crown’s general approach to the complex

intersecting interests of the hapu?’31 Did the land purchase commissioners entered into

transactions before establishing which individuals and groups had rights to the land? Did

they enter transactions knowing that those rights were disputed or where there were

sections of the known right-owners did not wish to sell?32 Just which individuals the

Crown dealt with and how opposition by other was handled is an issue that needs further

exploration.

A number of questions should be asked regarding what hapu and iwi understood and

intended with regard to these transactions. The kinds of questions raised by previous

28 Ann Parsonson, ‘The Pursuit of Mana’, in The Oxford History of New Zealand W H Oliver, and B RWilliams, (eds), Oxford University Press, Wellington, 1981, pp 140-167; Angela Ballara, ‘The Pursuit ofMana? A Re-evaluation of the Process of Land Alienation by Maori, 1840-1890’, Journal of the PolynesianSociety, vol. 91, 1982, p 519; Ann Parsonson, ‘The Challenge to Mana Maori’ in The Oxford History ofNew Zealand, 2nd Edition, Geoffrey Rice (ed), Oxford University Press, 1992, pp 167-20029 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, Legislation Direct, Wellington, 2006, p 17930 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 18131 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 17732 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 177


44

research include to what extent Maori could reasonable expected to understand the

transaction as a ‘sale’ in the western sense? To what extent did hapu and iwi see the

transaction primarily in terms of incorporating more European friends and allies into their

communities? 33 Is there any evidence that will help clarify what these communities

understood about the nature and extent of their authority over the land and over the

Europeans who might settle on it once after the transaction were completed? Or did hapu

and iwi consider that they were entering some kind of alliance or partnership with the

Crown with mutual responsibilities and benefits on each side?34 In particular, what does

the gifting of pieces of land by hapu and iwi for schools around the same time as these

transactions were completed suggest about Maori understandings of the nature of the

transactions?35 Were there expectations amongst hapu and iwi that entering these

transactions would create long-term benefits? If so, to what extent (if at all) did Crown

officials set out those benefits during negotiations around these transactions? For

example, did Crown officials in these transactions make any commitment to set aside 10

percent of the profits for ‘Native purposes’ such as hospitals, medical officers, hostels

and schools from the sale of the land to settler? If so was this commitment carried

through and were amenities provided for Maori in the district?

For their part what did the Crown intend and understand by these transactions? Were

these deeds effectively political cessions for which the main payment was the reservation

of settlements and cultivations coupled with a cash grant which bore little relation to the

land’s actual value.36 To what extent were they seen by Crown officials at that time as

treaties ceding substantive sovereignty.’37 Closely connected to these questions are

matters of the ‘payment’ for the land. The fact that there was no open market for land

because hapu and iwi could not deal directly with settlers, and could only deal with the

Crown means that there is little available evidence of what the ‘market’ price of land was

33 Waitangi Tribunal, National Overview, 1997, vol. I, p 5934 Vincent O’Malley, ‘Land Deeds as Treaties: The New Zealand Experience’, A Paper Presented to the17th Annual Australian and New Zealand Law and History Society Conference, La Trobe University,Melbourne, July 1998, p 1535 Three deeds for the gifting of land for schools in the Kawhia and Aotea district in 1854 are found inTurton’s Deeds.36 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, p 2937 O’Malley, ‘Deeds as Treaties … , 1998, pp 12-13


45

at that time.38 Therefore, with no reliable measure of what Maori land was worth

commercially the researcher will need to examine official correspondence to draw

conclusions about how the Crown determined what price it would offer in these

transactions. It may be interesting to consider whether the particular Maori communities

involved in these transactions in the inquiry district attempted to bargain with the Crown

to increase the purchase price paid, and if so to what extent they were successful.39

The question of whether hapu and iwi were paid a ‘fair’ price by the Crown for their land

is closely connected with the issue of how the Crown understood these transactions. It

needs to be asked to what extent Crown officials considered that a low price per acre was

acceptable because of the benefits to Maori of European settlement and economic

growth.40 This certainly raises the question of what benefits were promised to the various

hapu and iwi communities around these harbours, and what, if any of those benefits

materialised in the decades after the purchases?

With regard to the nature of the payments made, the original deeds will need to be

examined alongside official correspondence to determine whether there were ‘buy-back’

provisions in any of these purchases. McLean and Rogan used these provisions in several

deeds for the Hua and Waiwakaiho blocks, north of New Plymouth in 1853 and 1854, at

the same time as they were concluding in negotiations for land in the Rohe Potae inquiry

district. The effect of these clauses was to channel a proportion of the purchase money

into a fund to allow individual Maori who signed the deed to ‘buy back’ a certain

portions of the block and to hold that land in a Crown grant. The remaining land was then

thrown open for selection by settlers. This had an impact on the quantity of Native

reserves allocated in the deed and on the size of the cash payment made.41

38 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 17339 It has been suggested that in general ‘part of the reason for accepting low prices, minimal reserves, andlittle else was the lack of countervailing advice. Grey had got rid of the Protectorate Department in 1846,just at a time when it was showing a real understanding of emerging problems and some vigour, sometimes,in defending Maori interests.’ (Waitangi Tribunal, National Overview, 1997, vol. I, p 59)40 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, p 2941 Leanne Boulton, ‘Native Reserves, Assimilation and Self-determination: Te Atiawa, the Crown andSettlers, North Taranaki, 1840-1875, MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2004, pp 167-172, 176-180


46

What hapu and iwi thought the transactions meant in terms of the practical exercise of

their authority and ability to use, manage and control of the lands and resources

encompassed by the transaction also needs to be explored. For example, to what extent

did Maori expected to stop using the land and concentrate their settlement onto the small

Native reserves allocated to them? Did they if fact continue to use the land in the same

way as they always had, and what does this tell us about their understanding of the

transaction?’42 The researcher should identify what reserves were promised, orally and in

the purchase deed, and establish whether they were created and if/when they were

surveyed and/or included in a Crown grant to Maori individuals. Attempts should be

made to trace anything that is known about their administration by the Crown under

Native reserves legislation in the period up to 1907. One of the principal issues for

investigation will be what land Maori communities asked to be reserved for them at the

time of the initial negotiations and how Crown officials dealt with these requests. In cases

where no requests seem to have been made it is important to look at what reserves the

Crown decided to provide and why. Both the quantity, the proportion of the sale block

reserved for Maori, and the number and size of the reserves, and the quality (location,

access to natural resources and topography) should be considered. The researcher should

then document the subsequent alienation history of these reserves and discuss whether the

reserves served the purpose intended when they were created.

Several wider questions about the nature of Native reserves will need to be considered.

In considering the negotiations around the provision of Native reserves in these

transactions the researcher should seek evidence about what Crown officials, missionary

witnesses and Maori themselves understood about the purpose of the reserves. For

example, were they to protect wahi tapu? Or were they intended to provide land for the

community to live on? Or to provide an endowment for fix term leasing that would

generate revenue to be paid for Maori?43 The researcher should also be alert for any signs

of confusion over whether Maori customary title over the reserves within the boundary of

42 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, pp 30-31. O’Malley cites examples from the Ahuriri‘purchase’ in Hawkes Bay of Maori continuing to occupy portions of it, running sheep, cultivating crops,and hunting and collecting traditional foods in the area (O’Malley, ‘Deeds as Treaties …’, 1998, p 12)43 Waitangi Tribunal, National Overview, 1997, vol. I, p 55


47

purchase blocks had been extinguished by the purchase itself or whether the reserves had

been excluded from the purchase. This distinction often only became apparent when the

reserves were bought under the Native reserves legislation after 1856.44

Once the transactions were considered complete by officials ‘a block would be listed in

the New Zealand Gazette as an area over which ‘the Native Title has been extinguished.’

The land was then passed to the provincial governments who controlled its distribution to

the settler community by means of Crown grants.45 Research will need to determine

whether such proclamations actually appeared in the Gazette, and whether the Auckland

and Taranaki provincial governments then dealt with those pieces of land. Attempts could

be made to trace Crown grants issued to settlers and Maori for land in these blocks. If, on

the other hand, survey and settlement was delayed until the Rohe Potae began to be

opened up in the 1880s was there confusion about the status of the land for the Crown

and/or for Maori?

Approach

Sources

Early Crown contact in the districtMcLean’s letterbooks and diaries from the 1840s may provide material on the Crown’s

early engagement in this district. In particular, Stokes notes that Donald McLean, at that

time a Protector of Aborigines and later Land Purchase Officer, and the Wanganui

Missionary, Rev Richard Taylor made similar journeys in 1845.46 ‘Extracts from a journal

kept during a visit to the interior of the Northern Island of New Zealand, 1845’ in the

McLean papers at the Alexander Turnbull Library will provide further information.

In addition, it may be worth looking at two files of papers from 1850 to 1856 kept by

McLean about his work as Inspector of Police for the Taranaki province, since this was a

44 Boulton, ‘Native Reserves, Assimilation and Self-determination …’, MA thesis, University ofCanterbury, 2004, pp 167 – 172, 176 - 18045 Boast, Buying the Land, Selling the Land, 2008, p 2746 Stokes, Mokau, 1988, pp 95-96 citing A D Mead, Richard Taylor Missionary Tramper, Reed,Wellington, 1966, p 87


48

role he undertook at the same time as the purchases were being negotiated. MA 2/3,

Archives NZ, Wellington contains ‘Letters re land purchases mostly received by D

McLean – 26 April 1848 - 29 November 1852.’ Further material might be provided by

his published reports as protectors of aborigines, it is possible that these are in AJHR or

the British Parliamentary Papers.

Crown purchasing policy and practice in the 1840-1866There is a significant body of research relating to Crown purchasing from the 1840s and

1850s already on various Tribunal records of inquiry, particularly those of the Hauraki,

Muriwhenua, Wairarapa and Taranaki districts. The Tribunal’s Ngai Tahu, Mohaka-ki-

Ahuriri, Hauraki and Muriwhenua Land reports explore this evidence further. There are

also a number of reports and theses dealing with the creation and administration of Native

Reserves that provide the policy and legislative background that will be required. In

addition there are some general texts and articles on this period which should be referred

to, in particular Alan Ward’s A Show of Justice and Michael Belgrave’s New Zealand

Journal of History article ‘Pre-emption, the Treaty of Waitangi and the Politics of Crown

Purchase.’ These sources are listed in the bibliography.

As discussed below, there are some letters by McLean in AJHR 1861 giving instructions

to John Rogan about how to go about purchase negotiations. Similar letters for other

districts are also likely to be found there. In addition, there is a small amount of

miscellaneous material relating to ‘Native Affairs’ in Donald McLean’s papers at the

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington that should be checked. The minutes, report and

evidence given before the 1856 Board of Native Affairs provides material about Crown

policies and attitudes towards Maori land and land purchasing and includes statements by

McLean and settlers and missionaries along this western coast.47

The funding and organisation of Crown purchasing before 1866Some of the general instructions given by McLean to Rogan with regard to the

acquisition of land in the inquiry district can be found in the AJHR 1861 C-1 series of

correspondence about these transactions. It may also be useful to look at what McLean

47 BPPNZ10, 1860[2719], pp 235-337


49

was saying to his deputies purchasing land in Taranaki and Wairarapa and Hawke’s Bay

at the same time, especially since John Rogan was acting for McLean in Taranaki and in

the Rohe Potae area during the 1850s. My thesis on Native Reserves and Ann

Parsonson’s report for the Taranaki inquiry (Wai 143, #A1 (a)) capture some of that for

Taranaki. Research already on Tribunal records of inquiry may cover this as well. There

are a set of LE series 1 files that set out the amounts spent on land purchasing and show

what money was made available for purchasing, two of these files are from 1854 and

1856 and deal specifically with McLean’s purchasing activities.

In other districts there are indications that McLean used payments to chiefs to secure

purchases – there was often confusion over whether these were gifts, loans or down

payments. It is important to check any sources that itemise McLean’s expenditure of

anything relating to loans to individual Maori. LE 1, 15, 1865/139, 39a contains papers

dealing with ‘Natives, outstanding loans to. Return of outstanding loans in the Province

of Auckland’, 1856 and LE 1, 13, 1856/57 includes ‘correspondence regarding special

scrip issued by Sir G Grey to certain Native chiefs, 1856.’

The transactions themselvesBerghan’s block narratives for this district identify and document a number of pre-1865

Crown purchases in the inquiry district. This should be the starting point for further

research. However, from the primary material identified in this scoping it appears that

there may have been more transactions between the Crown and hapu and iwi in the

district than Berghan has so far documented. Transaction around the Whaingaroa and

Kawhia areas are more confusing than those at Mokau/Awakino which seem to be fairly

clear cut. Schedules and return of land purchased, copies of deed and official

correspondence will be the key sources in clarifying these transactions. These sources are

dealt with in turn below.

Schedules/returns of land purchased by the Crown

As well as the financial returns for land purchasing discussed above, the LE series 1 files

contain returns of land purchased in various districts in New Zealand for the years 1855,


50

1856, 1860 and 1861. Two further returns, those from 1854 and 1859 have been located

in the British Parliamentary Papers.

Purchase deeds

Microfilm copies of Crown purchase deeds for the South Auckland and Taranaki Land

Districts are held at Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), Hamilton. The ABWN files

at Archives New Zealand, Wellington include an index to Native deeds between 1841

and 1874 and bound books of deeds of conveyance for the Auckland district from 1858 to

1864. It is hoped that these will provide originals (or at least original copies) of these

purchase deeds, with plans attached. These deeds are reproduced in published form in

Turton’s Deeds which contains 20 deeds and deed receipts for land in the Mokau, Kawhia

and Aotea districts purchased by the Crown before 1865. They are dated from March

1851 to December 1857. In addition, there are three deeds of gift from the Kawhia and

Aotea districts in January 1854, all for the purpose of a school (these are listed in the

bibliography).

Correspondence between or from Crown officials

There is a body of correspondence between Donald McLean and John Rogan during the

negotiations for purchases in the inquiry district during the 1850s. These include 28

letters in AJHR 1861 C-1 Whaingaroa District. The majority of these letters are about the

negotiation and payment for blocks of land. However there are a number of letters that

give instructions from McLean to Rogan about land purchasing procedures. All date from

March 1854 to June 1857. McLean’s papers at the Alexander Turnbull Library,

Wellington include five files containing letters from Rogan to McLean between 1852 and

1870. There are also McLean’s papers and diaries recording his work in various

Government roles. These include two files containing land purchase accounts for the

period from 1853 to 1856 and two files containing Native Land Commissioner - papers

from 1850 to 1857. There is also a file of undated sketches and rough maps relating to

land purchases. Finally, there is a file of printed papers relating to land from the 1850-

1877 period.


51

MA 2/3, Archives NZ, Wellington contains a ‘Register of Deeds, Whaingaroa papers, 25

June-21 November 1856; and ‘Index to Native Land Purchase 1848-1853’. At the back of

a register of inwards memoranda (MA 2/46) is a list of letters received by Land

Commissioner Donald McLean – 13 July 1855-30 March 1860. There are also several

general LE 1 series files from 1856 and 1858 relating to land purchasing.

There are a number of sources that deal with the offers made by Wiremu Nera and

Wiremu Tamehana in about 1864. In particular, an 1863 file titled ‘From: Rogan John,

Judge Native Land Court, Kaipara – Subject: Nero's [sic] Offer of Land memo re Block

between Waitetuna and Waipu, BBOP, 4309, 9a-254, 1863/125, Archives NZ, Auckland.

A ‘Map showing conquered territory in Northern Part of North Island of New Zealand’

annotated and signed by Lt. General Cameron on the 16 December 1864 appears in The

British Parliamentary Papers. This shows these pieces of land and a number of areas

within the blocks offered for sale are marked off as reserves.48 It is possible that LE 1, 42,

1865/137, 22, Archives NZ, Wellington containing a letter from Mr Dillon Bell to

Waikato Chiefs dated 7 May 1863 will throw some light on these offers.

There is also a considerable amount to correspondence from the 1860s from and about

Maori, including Wiremu Nera, at Raglan in the Agent to the General Government,

Auckland (AGG-A) papers at Archives NZ, Auckland and in the Maori Affairs

Department (MA) papers, Archives NZ, Wellington. Various newspaper articles also

throw light on the Crown’s relationship with Wiremu Nera and on the general situation

between Maori and settlers around Raglan at that time. These sources may provide a

context for this ‘offer to sell’. Information about the offer of land to the Crown by

Wiremu Tamihana may be found in Evelyn Stokes’ biography of him and in Gorst’s book

The Maori King.

Correspondence and other statements by Maori

There are a number of possible sources of correspondence by Maori relating to Crown

purchases in the inquiry district. Some of this material is in te reo Maori, and will be

48 BBPNZ14, 1866[3695], btw pp 26 & 27


52

identified and summarised by Meredith and McCrae in their project on te reo Maori

sources. A letter from Te Haratua Kiripakopako Pingareka on 13 January 1855 opposing

the selling of land at Kawhia and Aotea has been located in the British Parliamentary

Papers. Two letters from Ngati Maniapoto to Queen Victoria in 1854 and 1855 about the

Taumatamarie and Mokau purchases have been found in the BACS A806 papers at

Archives NZ, Auckland. There are also letters from Maori in the 1870s and 1880s

inquiring about outstanding purchase money and about the survey of land that had been

purchased at Aotea and Kawhia. Further letters from Maori could be located by searching

a number of letterbooks held at Archives NZ in Wellington and Auckland. In particular

inward and outward letters from of the Superintendent for the Auckland Province (1853-

1876), the Governor, the Survey Department and Maori Affairs Department (see

bibliography for details). There are also five petitions from Maori regarding the

boundaries of the Karioi block and payment for that land. There is also a Maori Affairs

file relating to a petition by Timi Piripi and other regarding Te Mata Takapaunui

Ohiapopoko and Te Uku reserved from sale of Whaingaroa Block and exchange of Te

Uku for Karioi Block, the file is dated 1893-1948.

Ten percents and its funding of ‘Native purposes’

It is possible that the Crown set aside a proportion of the profits from these land sales for

‘Native Purposes’ such as hospitals, hostels and schools. LE 1, 35, 1862/200 contains a

‘statement of sales of land in Auckland Province from the proceeds of which ten per cent

has been guaranteed to be expended for Native purposes, January 1854 to June 1862’.

Native reservesIt should be possible to identify Native reserves created in these purchases from the

purchase deeds themselves and from later roll plans and ML plans held at LINZ,

Hamilton. However, it is also useful to trace the administration and status of these

reserves through comparing schedules of Native reserves, these should be available in

AJHR. Native reserve accounts were also published in the provincial gazettes for

Auckland and Taranaki before 1877 and in AJHR after this date. These will assist in

tracking which reserves remain in Maori ownership. In addition there are a number

ABWN 8771 W5280 registers and files from 1868 onwards that may also be useful (these


53

are listed in the bibliography). Depending on the outcome of this initial search it may be

worth searching the office of the Maori Trustee in Hamilton for files relating to their

administration of the reserves in the twentieth century.

There are several files of interest relating to attempts to put roads through the Puketutu

Maori Reserve (Whaingaroa area) and the Papahua Native Reserve (Karioi area) in the

1870s. There appears to have been considerable contention over the Native reserves in

the Mokau and Awakino purchases. There is a undated survey file (AADS W3562, 231,

22/3009S, Archive NZ, Wellington) about the Awakino and Mokau Native Reserves and

LINZ, Hamilton holds a box of historical records about the Awakino, Mokau and

Taumatamarie purchases and their Native reserves (see bibliography for full details).

Sources for tracing the survey and disposal of purchased landAs set out in the background section of this chapter, the normal procedure for disposing

of land purchased by the Crown before 1865 was for a proclamation to be issued

declaring Native title to have been extinguished. The land was then handed over to the

provincial government who would on-sell it to settlers. Those who purchased the land

then applied for a Crown grant to be issued in their favour. It is unclear whether this

process was followed for all or some of the land purchased in this district in the 1850s.

There are a number of sources that should be able to tell us what happened:

Native Land Court local registers

The first line of inquiry should be the local registers for Waikato, Raglan & Aotea and

Kawhia and Mokau in the BBOP 5966 papers at Archives NZ, Auckland (details listed in

bibliography). These date from 1865 and appear to have been kept by the Native Land

Court as working books that record all the transactions on blocks within each area. They

should be thoroughly examined. This should give references to proclamations in the New

Zealand Gazette.

Survey files

There are survey files (ABWN 8102 W5279 files, Archives NZ, Wellington) for these

purchase blocks, all are dated from 1854 to 1857. These files are labelled with a block


54

name and then a dash followed by a district name (mostly Whaingaroa or Whangaroa –

the spelling varies). As well that those blocks already identified through Turton’s Deeds

and the AJHR correspondence, there are a number of others for the Whaingaroa district.

These files have been listed in the bibliography and should be investigated. There is also

an LS series 1 file for the Mokau block for 1884 and an Army Department file (AD 1,

1865/4303) relating to the ‘Hari Hari Block, Kawhia’.

Wastelands records for the Auckland Province

There are a number of LE series 1 files from 1856 to 1863 that deal with the disposal of

wastelands by the provincial governments, including several specifically about the

Auckland Province. In addition, AGG-A 1, 1, 55/65 is a copy of a memo from Charles

Heaphy, Auckland 19 July 1865 enquiring about the interpretation of Auckland Waste

Lands Act, 1858. LE series 1 also contains minute books of the Auckland Wastelands

Committee for 1863.

Crown grants

It would be useful to see if any of the land in these transactions was Crown granted to

settlers. There are three volumes of Crown grants registers for the Auckland from 1865 to

1910 (ABWN, 890, W5274) at Archives NZ, Wellington. In addition, LE 1, 31,

1861/206, 69 contains ‘a return of all Crown Grants issued, or in course of preparation, to

Native subjects of Her Majesty’ from 1861.

Grants to military and naval settlers

It is not clear at this point whether any of the land acquired by the Crown in the 1850s

was later granted to military or naval settlers. Given the proximity to the confiscated

territory to the North of the Puniu River it is possible that areas around Whaingaroa

Harbour were granted in this way. This needs checking. BAAZ 4708, 1a, Archives NZ,

Auckland is a file that relates to New Zealand [Army] pensioners pre-emption selections

[of land] from 1853 to 1856.


55


There is potential for overlap with O’Malley’s political engagement report for the 1840-

1863 period. It is intended to avoid overlap by limiting the scope of this chapter to the

particular transactions between hapu and iwi and the Crown over land and resources. The

focus of the research will be on questions about the motivations, intentions and

understandings of each party with regard to the nature of these transactions, in particular

what these transactions can tell us about the nature and extent of Maori authority over

lands and resources in this period. There will also be a practical emphasis on how the

land was disposed of after the transactions were completed and how Native reserves were

created, and administered. O’Malley’s report may be drawn on to inform this chapter and

a limited amount of material may be summarised from it for context.

Existing research

Evelyn Stokes’ book on Mokau briefly covers the Awakino, Mokau, Taumatamaire

and Rauroa transactions. Appendix 1 of her book has copies of Turton’s deeds for all

four purchases plus the deed plans. Also appended are original ownership lists

(including minors and their trustees) for the Native reserves in these blocks;

Berghan block narrative provide the basic facts of all the Crown-Maori transactions

identified so far but the narratives do not explore issues around Maori authority; and

A number of research reports for other inquiries provide an overview of 1840s-1850s

Crown policy on land purchasing.

Research needed

An account of early Crown contact in the district, especially by Donald McLean as

Protector of Aborigines and Inspector of Police in Taranaki in the 1840s;

Summary of Crown purchasing policy and practice from secondary sources;

Supplementary primary research on Crown purchasing policy and practice in the

inquiry district in the 1840s-1850s;

Summary of Berghan’s narratives for each transaction between hapu and iwi and the

Crown in the district;


56

Primary research to clarify the number and nature of these transactions, especially

around the Whaingaroa Harbour;

Primary research into the negotiations for each transaction and their outcome;

Primary research into the creation and history of the Native reserves in each

transaction; and

Primary research into the disposal of land from these transaction.






Task Time estimated (days)

Primary research for account of early Crown contact 6

Summary of Crown purchasing policy and practice from

secondary sources5

Supplementary primary research on Crown purchasing policy

and practice in the inquiry district4

Summary of Berghan’s narratives for each transaction 4

Supplementary primary research to clarify the number and

nature of these transactions7

Primary research into the negotiations for each transaction and

their outcome10

Primary research into the creation and history of the Native

reserves in each transaction5

Primary research into the disposal of land from these transaction 10

Total estimate time for research and writing up first draft 51 days (10 weeks & 1 day)


57

Possible research assistance projects

Collecting Crown purchase deeds and maps and providing an analysis of price paid,

reserves set aside and some comment on consistence of te reo and English terms used

in the deeds;

Locate and copy all Native reserves schedules and provide an analysis of which

reserves from this district are shown and what happened to them;

Locate and copy all NZ gazette notices for land in these transactions; and

Using the Crown grants registers in Archives NZ, Auckland, trace any land granted to

settlers or Maori within the areas involved in these transactions


58

Figure 7: Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District: Boundaries in the Northern Area

R.ihn y Aen

r,,::,:; ;\- orfhun bound. ,), of th. Roh.po, •• (A., .. ) Block. 1886

I: .... -Ar .. p~r<h • . "", by th. C <. " 'D, pn_1S6S

, " {

.'

"

, ', ... ,, ~_J . ,


59

Chapter 3: The introduction of new land legislation and the

Native Land Court to the district, 1865-1886

Introduction

This chapter identifies research issues around how hapu and iwi used and controlled their

land both inside and outside the aukati in the period from 1865 to 1886 and how Crown

authority and actions influenced this. It begins by describing this period and then goes on

to define what the focus of this research should. This discussion is followed by an

overview of sources that will assist in examining these issues. The chapter finishes by

assessing the existing research and indicating where further research should be

concentrated. It also gives a preliminary indication of the time this research will take and

indicates whether there are tasks that could be assigned to a research assistant.

Discussion

This chapter of the main report will pick up the research on land issues at 1866 and to

cover the period up to 1886 when the RohePotae (Aotea) block came before the Native

Land Court for the first time. The period begins in the aftermath of the war and

confiscation in the Waikato district. This report will not deal with those topics, as they are

the subjects of separate reports to be completed by Vincent O’Malley.

The Native Land Court had been established under the Native Lands Acts 1862 and 1865.

This legislation and the creation of the court heralded a major change in the way that the

Crown dealt with Maori land. It provided the basic legal framework for the investigation

and determination of title to Maori land and over time came to apportion shares in that

title to individuals. At around the same time, from about 1866 until the Rohe Potae

agreement in 1883 the central King Country remained largely autonomous, controlled by

the King movement. This autonomy maintained by the revival and extension of an

‘ancient aukati that had once apparently regulated movement between Te Arawa and

Waikato across the Patetere plains.’49 In practice this meant that Europeans seeking

49 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 7


60

access to the district required what was effectively a visa, issued under the authority of

the Maori King. The district remained beyond the authority of the Settler State and

government diplomatic entry into the district was limited.50 As a result the Native Land

Court did not operated within the aukati until 1886. However, by the 1870s, the Native

Land Court was operating around the edges of the King Country district and by the early

1880s was gradually whittling away the outer boundaries. Courts were sitting in the

Waikato district to the north, in the Taupo area in the east, and in Whanganui to the

south.51 As a result the court began to investigate title to some of the blocks in these areas

prior to 1883. So hapu and iwi living in those areas, and possibly people within the aukati

itself, had direct experience of the court before it began hearing evidence relating to the

ownership of the RohePotae (Aotea) block in 1886.

The land research for this period provides an opportunity to compare what was happening

outside the aukati, which was not barred to the court, with what was happening in the

aukati. Within this general framework the research will need to focus on two

interconnected matters. Firstly, we are interested in what leases and other arrangements

with Europeans over land and resources inside and outside the aukati can tell us about the

way that Maori were able to control, manage and use their land/resources for traditional

purposes and to engage with new economic opportunities. Secondly, research should

examine the nature and extent of hapu, iwi and individual practical experience of the

Native Land Court. The connections between these two matters should be explored. For

example, the reasons why particular groups or individuals engaged with the court and

what the impact of the court’s processes and the title it granted for land had on the ability

of Maori communities and individuals to control, manage and use their land and

associated resources will need to be addressed. This research will then assist in

understanding ongoing attitudes amongst Rohe Potae Maori to the court and to land title

in the period after 1883 (discussed in the following two chapters).

50 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 7-851 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 11


61

Before research for this chapter can begin it will be necessary to define which areas of the

inquiry district lie outside the aukati, and were excluded from the RohePotae (Aotea)

block, which was first dealt with by the court in 1886. In the south of the inquiry district,

the Mohakatino-Paraninihi and Mokau-Mohakatino blocks were dealt with by the court in

1882, and hence were excluded from the 1886 Aotea block. On the eastern side of the

inquiry district are two blocks, Mareroa and Ketemaringi, which were included in the

Tauponuiatia block (the eastern area of the Rohe Potae as defined in the1883 petition).52

The largest areas of the inquiry district that lie outside the Aotea block are in the north of

the inquiry district. The northern boundary of the block cuts through the peninsula

between the Kawhia and Aotea Harbours. About half of this northern area outside the

aukati were acquired by the Crown in transactions during the 1850s. Berghan indicates

that these areas were the Karioi, Ruapuke, Wharauroa and Whaingaroa blocks they are all

locate between Aotea and Whaingaroa Harbours (see figure 7). The remainder of this

northern area can be divided into the following four types of land:

1) Land that lay within the Waikato confiscated zone, parts of which was returned to

Maori in individual grants by the Compensation Court in 1866. This includes the

southern part of the Te Akau block, north of Whaingaroa Harbour and areas north of

the Punui River (see the areas dotted area on figure 1);

2) Land which fell outside the Aotea block but was included in the 1884 railway area

(the Crown’s pre-emption zone). These blocks are the Aotea South and

Moerangi/Matakowhai blocks;

3) Small blocks of land on the northern shore of the Aotea Harbour which lies outside

the Aotea block and 1884 railway area. These blocks: Manuaitu, Tahere, Rahinui, Te

Rete, Oioroa, Rauriri, Raoraokauere, Tauranga and Te Pahi; and

4) Blocks of land that appears to have been excluded from or created later from blocks

purchased by the Crown prior to 1865. These blocks: Whaanga, Te Kopua, Te

Papahua, Rakaunui, Takapaunui and Ohiapopko (see figure 7).

52 Te Heuheu Tukino Horonuku and others made a separate application to the court on 31 October 1885. Asa result of this application the Native Land Court began sitting at Taupo on 14 January 1886 to investigate


62

In addition, research should consider the activities of the Native Land Court, leasing and

purchasing in the wider area which is now considered to be Waikato proper, particularly

the Pukekura-Maungatautari district, in such blocks as Pukekura, Puahue/Puahoe,

Ngamoko No.2 and Maungatautari, between 1866 and 1886.

For the area outside the aukati, a range of questions is suggested by research in other

inquiry district. These include the extent to which hapu and iwi leased land in these areas

to Europeans? What does the nature of those arrangements tell us about the nature of

Maori authority over land/resources in this period? For example were these arrangements

negotiated by rangatira on behalf of hapu or whanau, or did individuals have control of

certain areas of land and negotiate alone with Europeans? If there was a degree of

individualism, to what extent did individuals still require the consent of hapu or whanau

to deal with the land/resources? Did these arrangements work smoothly? If there were

conflicts over leases/resource arrangements what were their nature, who were they

amongst and how were they resolved?

What motivated hapu, iwi and individuals with land outside the aukati to go to the court?

Were conflicts a factor in individuals, hapu or iwi making applications to the court to

have the title of blocks outside the aukati investigated before 1883? Or were there other

constraints imposed by the Crown on leasing of Maori land and resource licenses for

timber, coal and gold on Maori land that made seeking a title from the court attractive?

For those hapu and iwi whose land outside the aukati was investigated by the court, what

was the nature of the title the court provided? In what way did it change the way in which

communities and individuals could exercise authority over their lands/resources? Did the

new form of title enable Maori to take advantage of new economic opportunities, and on

what terms – as communities or as individuals? Or did new forms of title cause any

problems or disadvantages for hapu, iwi or individuals in using and controlling their

land/resources in this period? What was the nature and extent of protections against land

alienation provided by Maori land legislation? If comparisons are possible, how did land-

title to lands in the Tauponuiatia block (Waitangi Tribunal, Pouakani Report, 1993, p 116)


63

use and land development vary between lands inside of the aukati and lands outside of it

which had and had not passed through the court?

The situation inside the aukati before 1883 requires further research, to the extent that the

research should describe the nature and extent of leasing and other resource arrangements

between hapu and iwi and Europeans within the aukati. What can these arrangements tell

us about the way in which hapu, iwi and individuals were exercising their authority over

land and resources and the European’s involved? Were these purely commercial

transactions or did they have an element of a broader relationship about them?

It is likely that at least some hapu and iwi within the aukati were drawn into filing

applications with and appearing before the court in cases where other groups had already

applied to have the title of the block investigated. How did the experience of defending

their customary interests against those of the original applicant differ from cases where

they entered the court in order to obtain a title so they could lease or otherwise use their

land? What impact did these different experiences have on the attitude of various hapu-

iwi towards allowing the court to adjudicate on lands within the Rohe Potae itself? What

experiences of the court on the margins of the aukati influenced the attitudes towards the

court system by those involved in the 1883 Rohe Potae petition?

In 1882 the Crown began laying out a township at Kawhia on about 44 acres of land that

had been Crown-granted, presumably before the wars as a result of an early purchase. In

about 1880, the then Premier, John Hall, purchased the site at auction.53 It is not entirely

certain where this land was located, or whether it lies just inside or just outside the aukati

line. Were hapu and iwi consulted about the plans to build a township at Kawhia and to

open the harbour? Was an agreement reached over the matters between hapu and iwi and

the Crown? Did the arrival of the armed constabulary in October 1883 and their

continued presence signal a break down in that agreement or an act of force on the part of

53 Marr, Te Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 18-19


64

the Crown?54 If the Crown’s actions were unilateral, was there any recognition amongst

hapu and iwi that their loss of control of the land, which became the site for a township,

was not what they had intended when they originally enter a transaction over the land

prior to the wars?

Approach

Sources

This is perhaps the most difficult period of the nineteenth century to research in this

district. One of the consequences of the restrictions on government officials and most

Europeans entering the Rohe Potae during this period is that there were no Crown

officials reporting to the government from within the aukati. Those officials in nearby

locations such as Kihikihi, Te Awamutu, Cambridge and Raglan were only able to gather

intelligence from Maori who had visited and returned from within the aukati, or report

rumours and hearsay. This leaves an incomplete documentary record on which to rely.

The Maori Land Court material, minutes, block and correspondence files, coupled with

newspaper accounts will indicate which land outside the aukati passed through the court

and who was involved. However, statements by Maori about their experience of the

court, why they attended or made applications to the court and what concerns that had

about its operation and its impact on their authority over their land and resources will be

more difficult to locate. It is expected that examples of leasing and other arrangements

between hapu and iwi and Europeans will be the most difficult to find, particularly for the

area inside the aukati. Although specific research into this period should be conducted, it

is likely that small but important pieces of information will continue to be uncovered

when researching the 1886-1890 period (covered in the next chapter), particularly where

these earlier arrangments are described in subsequent court hearings in relation to the

54 Tawhaio certainly continued to voice his protest about the occupation of Kawhia by troops until at least1887. (AHJR 1885, A-2, No. 3 and enclosure, ‘Despatches from Secretary of State to the Governor: Copyof letter from Tawhiao and others to Imperial Govt. Complaint over taking land and entering Kawhia;AJHR 1886, A-1, No. 15, ‘Despatches from Governor to the Secretary of State: Tawhiao letter to Jervois.Complaints about Govt abuse of Treaty, particular reference to Kawhia’; AJHR 1887, A-2, No. 9,‘Despatches from the Secretary of State to the Governor: Correspondence between Tawhiao and Gorst.Calling of Government behaviour oppressive. Reference to soldiers stationed at Kawhia.’)


65

lands. Therefore some addition time will be needed to re-evaluate this chapter once they

have been collected together.

Sources relating to Maori use, management and control of land/resourceThere are annual reports from the Resident Magistrate at Raglan and at the Native Agent

at Alexandria (later Pirongia) throughout the 1870s and early 1880s. These provide

insights into the activities of the Native Land Court in the district but also often mention

Maori economic activities and should be searched for any mention of transactions

between hapu and iwi over land and resources. There is also a report by Alexander

Mackay on the state of the Waikato district from 1868 LE series 1, Archives NZ,

Wellington. There is a general report on ‘Native’ matters by the Resident Magistrate at

Raglan in 1879 (AJHR 1879, G-1c). AJHR also contains census reports and some

statistics of Maori population for the Waikato, Raglan, Kawhia and Taupo regions for

1878, 1881 – these are briefer but may provide some insight into economic activities and

leasing etc. The CFRT index and document bank of newspaper clippings should be check

for the period from 1865 to 1883. It is expected that the work being carried out by

Barclay and Marr on political engagement will uncover sources that give details of Maori

economic activity, the way that it was organised and what arrangements were being made

between hapu and iwi and Europeans in the district.

A few miscellaneous records of leases of Maori land in the district have survived

amongst settler’s papers. These include:

• a folder containing original leases of some 10 Maori land blocks no date,

Otorohanga Historical Society Courthouse Museum);

• Papers of Edward Metcalf Smith about coal and limestone deposits in the Mokau

district and the utilisation of iron sand deposits, 1870-1965 (Pukeariki, New

Plymouth);

• STOCKMAN, George – Copy of Deed, dated 15 June 1887, of a memorandum of

agreement between the aboriginal Natives of New Zealand and George Stockman

of Tikorangi for access to lands on the northern side of the River Mokau for the

prospecting and mining of minerals, dated 7 December 1881 (Pukeariki, New

Plymouth);


66

• STOCKMAN, George – An agreement for the sale and purchase of coal delivered

at the Mokau River between George Stockman and Te Huia, Te Rira, Te Hapa, Te

Aira, Mareikuia and others, dated February 1885 (Pukeariki, New Plymouth);

• ATKINS, Fred – A memorandum of agreement regarding a gold mining

partnership between Fred Atkins of Taranaki, Alexander Gilmour of Waitara and

Henry Phillips of Mokau. Dated 18 February 1884 and witnessed by Thomas

Finch (Pukeariki, New Plymouth);

• There are a small number of files in the Maori Land Court (BBOP series 4309)

files at Archives NZ, Auckland that contain letters from Henry Falwasser and

from the ‘Ngatitamaniu Tribe’ regarding a ‘copy Deed of Mortgage to Queen’ for

land at Raglan in 1874. Henry Falwasser was the publisher of the Auckland Times

from 1842-1846.55 There is also an 1873 Auckland Provincial Government file

(AP 2/3, 401/73) regarding the Puketutu lease; and

• The Auckland entrepreneur, J C (Josiah Clifton) Firth was leasing land in the

King Country during the 1860s and 1870s. His correspondence for 1865-1874 is

available at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington (MS-Papers 5059-16).

It is also possible that the papers of the Resident Magistrate in the Waikato, William

Nicholas Searancke contain cases of disputes between Maori and between Maori and

Europeans over leases or other arrangements. These may reveal something of the

understanding of the parties about the agreement and indicate the extent to which Maori

authority was able to cope with changing economic opportunities. The Alexander

Turnbull Library holds his correspondence from 1847 to 1887. The Hamilton City

Library holds his correspondence from 1856-1883 and from 1886-1904. They hold his

diaries for 1880 and 1884.

There are several files in the BBOP 4309 series at Archives NZ, Auckland that appear to

relate to applications to the court or to the sale of land. All contain letters by Maori that

possibly refer to land being offered by them or others for sale prior to or at the time of the

1883 Rohe Potae agreement. These include:

55 National Library electronic catalogue entry for Auckland Times


67

BBOP, 4309, 6a-525, 1876/1272 - From: Horomona Wahanui, Raglan - Subject:

Giving the boundaries of certain lands for publication (1876)

BBOP, 4309, 7a-107, 1876/2067 - From: Te Reti Ngataki, Alexandra - Subject:

Enclosing list of lands and wishing it to be printed (1876)

BBOP, 4309, 11a-11, 1883/228 - From: Tamehana Te Angatoheroa, Kopua- Subject:

Applying to have it withdrawn Kakepuku (1883).

There are a number of reports and letters between Crown officials regarding the re-

opening of Kawhia Harbour in AJHR from as early as 1873, but particularly in 1883 and

1884 and in the British Parliamentary Papers. There are also a series of letters in AJHR

1885-1887 of complaint from Tawhaio and others about the Crown’s acquisition of land

there and the presence of the armed constabulary (these are all listed in the bibliography).

The CFRT newspaper index and document bank also provides some accounts of these

events.

The Alexander Turnbull Library holds some photographs of the armed constabulary at

Kawhia in 1883 and a series of images showing a powhiri for Governor Sir William

Jervois and his party at Kawhia. The photographs show a scene by a house, where a

group of Maori are seated under the verandah with the Governor and his group seated

outside on the right. According to information with the photographs the photographs were

taken by William Williams on Friday, 14 March 1884. The guests arrived on the S. S.

Hinemoa at 4pm and left at 6pm. Those present included Lady Jervois, Miss A Jervois,

Reverend W Jervois, Miss A Richmond, and Major C V Eccles. They were welcomed by

chiefs from Ngati Hikairo (Hone Te One, Hone Wetere, and Pikia) and Ngati Haua

(Tetahi Rahi), and by Tiki Taimona.

Sources relating to engagement with the Native Land Court It should be possible to trace applications made to the court prior to 1883. Archives NZ,

Wellington holds a contains a court application register for the period 1869 to 1900 and

Archives NZ, Auckland have a file labelled ‘Native Land Court Applications’ for the

1880-1884 period. The BBOP series 4309 files at Archive NZ, Auckland contain a

number of inquiries to the court in 1883 and 1884 about applications, claims to and

possible hearing of certain blocks of land.


68

The electronic Maori Land Court Minute Book database for the period before 1913 has

been searched for all known blocks within the inquiry district and can provide the dates

and details of hearings for each block and the minute book references. A search of

archives files has located files with dates in this period. Some of these blocks lie just

outside the inquiry district but hapu and iwi within the inquiry district most likely held

customary interests in them. These files relate to the following blocks outside the aukati

(excluding 1850s ‘purchase’ blocks):

Karamu;

Kawhia (pt inside and pt outside);

Maungatautari;

Raoraokauere;

Te Rape;

Waiharakeke; and

Whaingaroa Homesteads.

There are also files relating to blocks inside the aukati which indicates that some

applications or inquires were made to the court about them before1883. These

applications were potentially a significant factor in the application for the RohePotae

(Aotea) block. There is some suggestion that the Tauponuiatia application was made to

avoid a situation where the court heard many individual applications to lands within it.

These files relate to the following blocks:

Awaroa;

Kopua (unsure whether Pirongia or Raglan);

Mangamahoe;

Mangawhero (unsure whether at Kawhia or Ototohanga);

Mangoira;

Puketarata;

Tapuwahine;

Waikaukau; and Wharepuhunga.


69

The Ngatikauwahata Claims Commission in 1881 dealt with a number of blocks in the

Pukekura-Maungatautari district, north of the Punui River. Both the report and minutes of

evidence should be considered.


It is not intended to deal with the rise of the Kingitanga, the war or confiscation as

these will be dealt with fully by O’Malley in his political engagement report for 1840-

1863 and in his report on war and raupatu. These reports will assist the researcher in

understanding the broader political context of the period and may be drawn on for a

limited amount to contextual material.

Barclay and Marr will cover political relationships between hapu and iwi and the

Crown in this period in their political engagement report, 1860-1913. The land

research will focus instead on the extent and nature of Maori practical experience of

the court, and of leasing or entering other arrangements with Europeans over land and

resources inside and outside the aukati. However Barclay and Marr’s research will

assist the researcher in understanding broader concerns and inter-hapu/inter-iwi

relationships throughout this time. A small amount of material from that report may

be used as context.

A separate report on the history of the Mokau-Parininihi and Mokau-Mohakatino

blocks has been commissioned. Therefore, it is proposed to discuss these blocks only

in terms of what they reveal about experience of court of hapu/iwi inside the aukati

prior to 1883. Summarizing Stokes’ account of the court hearings of each of these

blocks can do this.

Existing research

There is very little existing research about the Rohe Potae in this period when it was

functioning as an ‘autonomous’ state behind the aukati. Marr’s first Rohe Potae

Rangahaua Whanui report devotes just a page to this period, but does provide some

mention of early leases both inside and outside the aukati. Alan Ward’s ‘Whanganui

ki Maniapoto research report does not make any significant comment on this period.


70

However, both these reports have small but useful sections about the attempts to

reopen Kawhia Harbour and the establishment of a township there.

This relative lack of existing research suggests that considerable new research will be

needed for period, much of it based on primary sources. It should be noted that some

sources will need to be handled cautiously. Many of the missionaries and officials

including Resident Magistrate’s and District Officer’s reporting on the district were

actually stationed outside the aukati in places like Raglan, Alexandria, Te Awamutu,

Kihikihi and Cambridge and did not have first hand knowledge of what was

happening inside the aukati.

Research needed

Primary research on leases and other arrangements between hapu & iwi and

Europeans from 1865-1883 inside and outside the aukati from sources discussed

above;

Summary of secondary sources on the reopening of Kawhia Harbour;

Supplementary primary research on the reopening of Kawhia Harbour;

Summary of existing research on Native land legislation and its impact on the nature

of the title provided by the court from secondary sources, 1865-1883;

Summarise Parsonson’s article on the giving of evidence in the Native Land Court;

Identify and document blocks outside the aukati that went through the Native Land

Court prior to 1883;

Primary research into applications and other inquiries to the court for land inside the

aukati prior to 1886.

Other reports that should be commissioned

Separate report on the history of the land returned by the Compensation Court in the

Te Akau block and in the area of Ngaroto, Pukekawa, Mangapiko and Puniu Parishes

north of the Punui River (dotted area on Te Rohe Potae inquiry boundary map in

figure 1).

For the Te Akau block there is a notable source:


71

Report and evidences given before the Te Akau Commission (1904)A royal commission into the Te Akau block was held in 1904 in response to the petitions

from Honana Maioha and of Tuaiwa Ngatipare complaining about the decision of the

Native Appellate Court in 1894. The commissioners appointed to the inquiry were Henry

Alfred Home Munro and James Mackay, both commissioners in the Compensation Court

that heard claims for the return of confiscated land in the Waikato in 1866.

The Te Akau commissioners heard evidence at Mercer from 6th to the 13th of April 1904

and at Ngaruawahia from the 14th to the 28th April 1904. The report of the commission

sets out the history of the Te Akau block, it notes that the block was confiscated under the

New Zealand Settlements Act 1863. As a result those with interests in the block appeared

before the Compensation Court at Port Waikato in February 1866. The block was then

apportioned between the Crown and the 77 owners that the court deemed to be loyal

(there were also 44 ‘rebel owners). At the request of those owners, application was made

to ‘have a Crown grant issued to fourteen of their number in trust to divide the land

among themselves and the other owners’ so that they could lease the land to settlers. This

did not happen, and eventually a single Crown grant was issued to 87 owners of the

Ngatitahinga and Tainui, and Honana Maioha of the Ngatimahuta on 23 October 1874.

There was a further Native Land Court hearing in 1891 where the block was subdivided

into 19 pieces and the relative interests of the owners were ascertained. This subdivision

was unacceptable to some of the Tainui owners who applied for a rehearing of the case.

The matter was reheard in the Native Appellate Court at Raglan from 12 to 20 June 1894.

As a result the 1891 partitions were overturned and the block was re-partitioned into

three: Te Akau No. 1 (600 acres), Te Akau No. 2 (28,152 acres) and Te Akau No. 3

(61,608 acres). In 1897, Te Akau No. 3 was partitioned into 3A and 3B.

The 1904 Te Akau block commissioner made recommendations which adjusted the

boundaries between blocks 1, 2 & 3 between Honana Maioha and Tainui, and between

the Tainui and Ngatitahinga. Petitions relating to the Te Akau block can be found in

Jamie Mitchell’s spreadsheet and document bank of petitions.


72

Correspondence files at Archives New ZealandThere are also a large number of pieces of correspondence re Te Akau in the BBOP 4309,

4a-series, Archives NZ, Auckland from 1873 and 1874. Also notes on compensation

court hearings for Te Akau in 1866 (BBOP A52, 25/56).






Task estimate time (days)

Primary research on leases and other arrangements inside

and outside the aukati:

Annual reports from the district (AJHR)

Maori population census reports 1878 & 1881

(AJHR)

Newspaper sources (CFRT index and document

bank)

Manuscript sources related to leases

Searancke papers

Miscellaneous archives files

Drafting this section of the chapter

3

1

1

3

8

3

5

Summary of secondary sources on the reopening of

Kawhia Harbour

1

Supplementary primary research on the reopening of

Kawhia Harbour:

Reports and correspondence in AJHR

Reports and correspondence in BPP

Newspapers sources (CFRT index and document

bank)

2

2

1


73

Photographs


1

5

Summary of Native land legislation and its impact on the

nature of the title provided by the court, 1865-1883

2

Summarise Parsonson’s article on the giving of evidence

in the Native Land Court

1

Identify blocks outside the aukati that went through the

Native Land Court prior to 1883 and document Maori

experience of those hearings:

Maori Land Court minute book index

Maori Land Court Minute Books

Newspaper sources (CFRT index and document

bank)


1

10*

1

7

Primary research into applications and other inquiries to

the court for land inside the aukati prior to 1883:

Annual reports of the district officers

Native Land Court applications registers, 1865-1883

Correspondence file re applications, 1880-1884

Survey office files for blocks where early

applications were made (BAAZ files, Archives NZ,

Auck)


2

2

1

3

5

Total estimate time to research and draft this chapter 71 days (14 weeks & 1 day)

* NB: Includes additional time, as many of these are handwritten and difficult to

decipher.


74


Go through the Searancke papers and extract any evidence of cases where the

Resident Magistrate dealt with disputes between Maori or between Maori and

Europeans over leases or other arrangements; and

Using the court applications registers put all details of applications to the court into

spreadsheets for areas inside and outside the aukati and provide a summary of who

filed these applications and why and anything that is known about how they were

subsequently dealt with by the Crown.


75

Chapter 4: The Native Land Court system in Te Rohe Potae,

1886-1890

Introduction

This chapter set out some of the research issues that will need to be explored in a

discussion of hapu and iwi engagement with the Native Land Court system and its impact

on their ability to exercise authority over their land and resources in the period. The

chapter will cover the period from the court’s first hearing of the RohePotae (Aotea)

block in 1886 to the formal beginning of the Crown’s land purchasing programme in the

district in1890. A discussion of the sources available to address these issues follows. The

chapter ends by identifying existing research that could be utilised and assessing what

further research is required. Preliminary indications of the how long this research will

take and which tasks that could be assigned to a research assistant are included.

Discussion

This chapter is not intended to outline the Rohe Potae agreement of 1882-1883, nor how

the Native Land Court came to be operating inside the area formerly restricted by the

aukati. Cathy Marr and Don Loveridge have done that elsewhere, and these topics will be

the subject of Barclay and Marr’s political engagement report for this inquiry.56 That

report will help to inform research on that period and some material from that report may

be summarised and provide context for the issues that the land research will explore. The

focus of the land research in this report will be on how the Native Land Court operated in

the inquiry district. In particular it will ask to what extent that process affected the nature

of the authority hapu and iwi were able to exercise over their lands and resources, and to

what extent they were able to resist the activities of the court and the acquisition of that

land?

56 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1; Marr, ‘The Waimarino Purchase Report: The investigation, purchase andcreation of reserves in the Waimarino block, and associated issues’, 2004, Wai 903, #A60; DonaldLoveridge, ‘The Crown and the Opening of the King Country, 1882-1885’, Wai 1130, #A72


76

With regard to the Rohe Potae agreement, it is sufficient to note here that during 1882

and 1883 hapu and iwi leaders and government officials reached a series of

understandings or agreements collectively known as the ‘Rohe Potae’ or ‘Aotea’

agreement.57 In June 1883 a petition on behalf of an alliance of five tribes: Ngati

Maniapoto, Ngati Raukawa, Ngati Tuwharetoa, Whanganui and Ngati Hikairo, was

presented to Parliament. It asked that they be able amongst themselves to ‘fix the

boundaries of the four tribes mentioned, the hapu boundaries in each tribe, and the

proportionate claim of each individual within the boundaries set forth.’58 This desire

eventual led to an application by an alliance to the Native Land Court to have the external

boundary of the Rohe Potae surveyed. In response to this petition the Crown passed

several pieces of legislation relating to the administration of Maori land and the control of

liquor in the district. In particular, the Native Committees Act 1883 made provision for

Native committees to be elected and gave them some power to investigate matters

relating to land title and report to the Native and court on them. The Kawhia Native

Committee chaired by John Ormsby was active in the district from 1884.59

However, when the Native Land Court began sitting in Kihikihi, and later in Otorohanga

in June 1886 it was to determine the boundaries of the Aotea block (approximately

1,844,780 acres), a much more limited area than had been intended by hapu and iwi who

submitted the 1883 petition. 60 A search of the index to the Maori Land Court Minute

Books indicates that five blocks: Korakonui, Te Taharoa, Te Awaroa, Kawhia, Kaipiha

were created by the court on 4 October 1886 with the remainder of the surveyed block

becoming known as the ‘RohePotae’ (Aotea) block.61 ‘Within two years, by 1888, the

Native Land Court had also begun hearings on internal divisions within the Rohe Potae

(Aotea) Block.’62

57 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 2058 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 22-23 and Cathy Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, pp 111-11359 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 23-2460 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 4661 Otorohanga Maori Land Court Minute Book No.02 (Waikato Maori Land Court Minute Book No.15), pp1-7062 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 46. Alan Ward noted that ‘complex claims and counter-claims also focused onKawhia Harbour … On 20 October 1886 [Judge] Mair found for N’Maniapoto and N’Hikairo whilerecognising that a section of Waikato (‘Kiwi’s people’) had acquired ownership rights there. (‘Kiwi’ had


77

The focus of research for the period 1886 to 1890 will be on questions such as to what

extent did hapu and iwi expressed a need for a new form of title to assist in retaining

control of land and resources by leasing? What role did hapu and iwi see for themselves

and for the Native Land Court in providing that title? In particular, the research should

consider what hapu and iwi understood they had agreed to with regard to how the court

would operate in the district? In what ways and to what extent would they be able to

control the court process, its outcomes and the impact of its decisions? This should be

measured against the reality of what level of control they were able to gain and to what

extent this was sustained over the period. How did the court move from hearing the

RohePotae (Aotea) block to consideration of its subdivisions and to what extent did this

reflect the wishes of hapu and iwi?

It will also be important to consider the nature and extent of the preparations the Crown

made for purchasing between 1886 and 1890 and hapu and iwi responses to these

preparations. The impact of the type of title provided by the court will be dealt with in the

next chapter when evaluating its effect on the ability of hapu and iwi to retain, use and

manage their land and resources in the face of the Crown’s programme of land

purchasing.

Existing research indicates that iwi leaders in the greater Rohe Potae favoured taking

advantage of economic opportunities by leasing rather than selling land. It will be

important to explore the impact that the prohibitions on dealing with Maori land in the

1884 railway area had on the ability of Maori communities to enter leases and other

arrangements over land and resources. Where hapu and iwi and Europeans entered into

leases and other resource arrangements, how were these managed and what can that tell

us about the nature of Maori authority in the district by the 1880s? To what extent had

this authority devolved to the Native Committee and how did their authority over these

arrangements relate to that of the hapu or whanau with traditional authority over the land

purported to sell 20,000 acres to John Cowell in 1840 …) Mair made orders for various named portions inthe NE of the Aotea block in favour of the claimant’s ‘and such members of Waikato as can prove they ortheir elders were in occupation about the year 1840’. The balance of the Rohe Potae was ‘to issue in favour


78

or resource? What was the government’s position on leasing in this district at this time?

Existing research indicates that in the early 1880s there was support amongst government

officials for Maori preferences to lease land. But by the mid-1880s financial pressures on

the government and pressure from settlers seem to have increasingly persuaded

governments towards a policy of outright purchasing rather than encouraging the leasing

of Maori land. 63 Research should explore the circumstances around this change of policy

with particular attention to the Rohe Potae. In particular the researcher should examine

hapu and iwi and Crown desires, intentions and understandings over the extent to which

leasing of Maori land to Europeans could continue and be formalised in the inquiry

district. The research should document Maori aspirations for the continuation and

expansion of leasing land to settlers and what Crown officials said about the place of

leasing in their vision of how the King Country would be opened up to settlement. The

researcher should also consider the impact of Crown attitudes towards the Kingitanga had

on policies and practices relating to leasing, and the place of leasing.

There has been considerable debate in existing research about the extent to which

changes to Maori land tenure were needed, how much formal tenure change was

necessary, and what form that change should have taken? Could the aspirations of all

parties be met within the framework of customary law?64 It is not intended to examine

this question in general terms but to test whether the existing interpretations of this

question apply in Te Rohe Potae inquiry district. For example, Maori in the Rohe Potae

seemed to be thriving in the 1850s growing and exporting produce to Auckland and

further afield. At least some hapu and whanau were leasing their land productively in the

late 1860s-early 1880s period. Given this level of success in using their land and other

resources was a new form of title in fact needed? What factors had changed by the 1880s

and 1890s to make a new form of title so urgent? Were disputes amongst Maori over

interests in land and resources unable to be resolved except by granting a title that could

be legally defended? What role did the Native Committee and the court take in this

of the claimants of the five tribes (Alan Ward, ‘‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto: preliminary historical reportWai 48 and related claims’, Wai 903 #A11, pp 79-80)63 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 48 - 4964 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 662


79

district in terms of resolving these disputes and adjudicating on customary entitlement to

land and resources?

The researcher will also need to consider how well the courts decisions over the Aotea

block itself and the smaller blocks it created were able to interpret and give effect to the

pattern of customary interests in the district. To what extent did they take account of

customary mechanisms and principles providing for co-existence, overlapping interests,

inclusiveness, flexibility and compromise alongside more clear-cut rights through

discovery, ancestry, conquest and long continuous occupation or gift?65 To what extent

did the court recognise post-1840 developments such as agreements to vest authority in

land with the Kingitanga or the movement of refugees from war?66

Given hapu and iwi expectations, what was the extent and nature of Maori participation,

engagement and control of the title determination process? One of the aspects of hapu

and iwi engagement with the court was the applications made to the court for title

determination of particular areas of land. Of particular interest is the question of what, if

any applications were made to the court after the initial application in 1883 to have the

title to the whole Rohe Potae block determined? What can the evidence about these

applications tell us about how the process of making applications – for title investigation

and for survey worked in this inquiry district in the 1870s and 1880s? What decisions

were made about which, if any, of these applications should go to hearing in the court,

and what was the outcome in these cases? What was the impact of such decisions on

those whose applications were not selected? If such applications were made, is there any

evidence that the Crown was actively encouraging such applications in order to push

forward with the division of the RohePotae (Aotea) block into smaller blocks?67 What

factors led to hapu, iwi and individuals in the district to make applications to the court

and to what extent can these applications be construed as a rejection of the initial decision

to have the external boundary and ownership of the whole block only determined?

65 Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, pp 41-4266 Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, p 42


80

There are a number of issues relating to the ability of hapu and iwi to control the

operation of the Native Land Court within the district between 1886 and 1890. One of the

questions to be addressed in this chapter will be the authority and practical role of the

Native Committee and its relationship with the processes of the court. The committee was

established under the provisions of the Native Committees Act 1883 that gave the

committee some powers to investigate matters related to land title and report to court

regarding those matters. The Kawhia Native Committee, chaired by John Ormsby, was

active from 1884 and in May 1886 it met at Kopua to determine who had interests within

the Aotea block. 68 Research should examine the motivations of the Crown in establishing

the committee system including any connections the policy had specifically to the

situation in the Rohe Potae in 1882/1883. National policy background is provided by

O’Malley’s book on Maori Committees and Maori autonomy in the nineteenth century

and this should be coupled with an examination of the Parliamentary debate around the

1883 Act itself.69 The statutory powers, establishment and operation of the Native

committee under the Native Committees Act 1883 in this inquiry district should be

discussed in terms of its potential as a means for Maori to retain control over their land.

What does the experience of the Kawhia Native Committee tell us about the extent to

which they were given real power to determine title? To what extent did the Crown

provide a mechanism for managing customary title to enable the land to be leased and

used for economic purposes?

In reality the Native committee’s functions were defined in relation to those of the court

and connected to the court’s title determination process. This raises a number of

questions regarding the nature and operation of Native committees. Firstly, what was the

role of the committees in determining title, how well did this work? In other districts the

Tribunal has considered that one of the factors that made Native committees less effective

was the large area each one covered and committee boundaries did not reflect tribal

67 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 36 - 3768 Ward, ‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto’, 1992, p 79 citing the Waikato Times, 1 May 1886 & Marr, RohePotae, pt 1, p 23 also see Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, pp 116 – 121 for more details on the evolution of thecommittee idea in law and for detail of these legislative reforms69 Vincent O’Malley, Agents of Autonomy: Maori Committees in the Nineteenth Century, Huia Publishers,Wellington, 1998


81

rohe.70 It will be interesting to see if hapu and iwi expressed similar concerns about the

Kawhia Native Committee and what impact this had on its operation. Existing research

suggests that the committees were very active in determining who had customary

interests in land and then taking those ownership lists to the court to be validated and

translated into title. To what extent did this minimise the problem that were occurring

elsewhere where one party’s application to the court resulted in all those with interests

being put in a position of having to appear in the court to defend their interests? Was the

committee able to reach agreement about customary ownership even where there were

competing claims to customary interest? Did the committees continue to be successful in

resolving these conflicts? If the committees’ effectiveness declined as time went on, what

factors contributed to that?

The role of Maori as applicants and witnesses in the court should be examined more

closely. The focus should be on determining how flexible the court’s procedures were

and to what extent Maori were able to control the evidence presented and the process by

which decisions were made by the court about interests in Maori land. The role and

impact of lawyers hired by Maori should be examined. This should include an

investigation of the impact of lawyers being barred from the court all together for certain

periods. The extent of the Native Assessor’s powers in the court as is evidenced in the

RohePotae (Aotea) cases, and their role generally should be considered.71

Although the Native Land Court began dealing with the RohePotae (Aotea) block in

1886, the Crown did not formally begin to purchase land in the district until 1890. The

reasons for this delay need to be explored, as does its meaning. To what extent was Te

Rohe Potae Maori resistance to selling their interests a factor in this delay? Or were there

other causes related to the court’s progress in determining title or in the survey of blocks

or in broader land purchasing policy and legislation?

70 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, p 752 and Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, p 20171 See Pickens, ‘The Introduction and Operation of the Native Land Court in the Central North Island, Wai1200, #A78, p 308 & 311-312 and Marr, ‘Waimarino …’, p 41 for discussion on Native Assessors


82

According to the report of the 1907 Stout-Ngata Commission, the Crown began its

purchasing of Maori land in the RohePotae (Aotea) block in 1892 and by 1900

purchasing had practically ceased, aside from competing purchases already underway.

This was a brief hiatus with the Crown resuming its purchasing in 1906.72 However,

there are strong indications that the Crown began setting up its purchasing programme in

the district much earlier. Existing research indicates that from 1884 the Government was

collecting information for possible purchasing through applications already sent to the

court.’ 73 At the same time, the Crown established its pre-emptive right to purchase within

the entire Aotea block and beyond by passing the Native Land Alienation Restriction Act

1884, effectively blocking any competition from private buyers. The 1884 Act also made

provision for a loan to pay for land purchasing and for the profits of the sale of that land

to fund the construction of the Main Trunk Line.

By the time the court began hearings to determine the boundaries of the Aotea block in

1886 Native Land Purchases officers were already active in the district. 74 The process of

title determination was very rapidly connected to the Crown’s land purchasing

programme. For example, during the 1886 hearing Judge Mair ordered that lists of

owners be printed and circulated to chiefs for inspection, but at the same time these lists

were also sent to the Native Land Purchase Office and to the Native Minister for their

information.75

So given all this preparation for purchasing, why was it 1892 before the first purchases

were completed? Although the Crown had reserved its right to purchase and arranged

finance for that purchasing in 1884 the economic slowdown of the 1880s may have made

purchasing less attractive to the Government. It also appears that attempts to purchase

were meet by some resistance by hapu and iwi.76 In any case the Crown was reluctant to

72 Stout Ngata Commission ‘Native Lands in the Rohe-Potae (King Country) District, an interim report,AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 473 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 4974 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 5175 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 52. Marr notes that owners were aware of this practice and were very reluctantto provide lists until the court forced them to do so. She cites an example of this with regard to theRangitoto-Tuhua block in 1890 (p 58)76 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 52


83

purchase land before the court had determined what share of the block individuals were

entitled to. Acquiring the interests of owners without knowing what proportion of the

block they actually held was seen by G T Wilkinson, one of the Crown’s land purchase

officers in the district, as a risky venture.77 Many blocks returned to the court in 1888 and

1889 to have shares apportioned to those who had previously been determined as owners.

So it was not until the end of 1889 that it became feasible for the Crown to purchasing.’78

There may also have been hesitation on the part of the Crown about which land should be

purchased because the route of the railway through the district was still being debated and

wasn’t finally confirmed until 1892. 79

Eventually, ‘in June 1889, the Government informed Ngati Maniapoto chiefs that it

intended to begin land purchase operations in the district.’ These letters, amongst them

separate letters from the Native Minister to Wahanui, Taonui, and Hauauru, indicated that

purchasing would begin as soon as the court had ascertained title. Chiefs were asked for

their co-operation and assured that by selling their ‘surplus land’ that the land they

retained would be ‘greatly increased in value by the progress of settlement upon the area

disposed of’. The Minister also made it clear that ‘the Government did not intend to see

the owners denuded of their lands and promised that sufficient reserves would be made

for them.’80 Returns of land purchased and leased from Maori for 1891 and 1892 show

that the first official payments for land within the inquiry district were made between

April and November 1890 for land within the Hauturu East No. 3, Mangauika, Oruwhero,

Puketarata, Takotokoraha, Waiwhakaata and Wharepuhanga blocks.81

77 See for example AJHR 1890, G-2, No. 4, G T Wilkinson, Native Agent, Otorohanga, to the Under-secretary, Native Department, 19 June 1890 78 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 5379 Christine Johnson, Ruth Larsen and Kevin Ramshaw (compilers), Main Trunk: Portrait of a Railway,Grantham House, Wellington in association with ONTRACK, 2008, p 3480 Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 52-5381 AJHR 1891, G-10, p 6 ‘Particulars respecting the Native Lands in the Colony’, and AJHR 1892, G-4, p 5‘Lands Purchased & Leased from Natives in the North Island’


84

Approach

Sources

There are several core sources for examining land issues in the 1886-1890 period in Te

Rohe Potae inquiry district. These include Berghan’s Block Narratives commissioned for

this inquiry district. Primary sources include the minutes of the Native (later Maori) Land

Court, Block Order and correspondence files for specific blocks (held at the Maori Land

Court in Hamilton or, for some of the blocks in the south of the inquiry district, at the

Aotea District Maori Land Court in Wanganui). Archives New Zealand Auckland and

Wellington hold many Survey Office and Maori Land Court files for specific blocks in

the district. The index to and document bank of newspaper articles compiled for this

inquiry should be checked for articles about Native Land Court sittings and meeting of

the Native Committee during this period. Annual reports by Officers in Native Districts

will provide material about the court’s activities and hapu and iwi engagement with them

as well as possible mentions of leasing, resource arrangements and Maori economic

activity. The reports by enumerators taking a census of Maori population in the district in

1886 and 1891 may also provide similar material.

Leasing and other resource arrangements, 1886-1890The letterbook of the Kawhia Native Committee, part of the Ormsby papers held at the

Otorohanga Historical Society Courthouse Museum, contains a number of copies of

invoices sent to settlers for rent on businesses built on Maori land. The book also contains

letters discussing requests by settlers to prospect for gold etc. for the period from 1884 to

1889. J J Mitchell’s Excel spreadsheet indexing petitions from hapu and iwi in the district

(Wai 898, #A9) includes several about leases and timber licences (these are listed in the

bibliography). The evidence given by Maori, settlers and Crown officials to the

Commision to inquire into the subject of the Native Land Laws (the Rees-Carroll

commission) in 1891 will need to be checked for any reference to leases and other

arrangements between hapu and iwi and Europeans, and any indications of difficulties

faced and what their causes were. Hearings at Cambridge on 24 and 25th March 1891,

Otorohanga on 15 April 1891 seem to be those most relevant to Te Rohe Potae inquiry

district. However, a quick scan of some of the evidence given by Pakeha witnesses at


85

Auckland hearing indicates discussion of the King Country so these sections need

searching as well. The evidence from Pakeha witnesses at Cambridge on 25 March and at

Otorohanga should also be examined. There is section containing Correspondence

addressed to members of the commission (mostly Pakeha officials and lawyer involved

with Maori land) who couldn't attend but give their views in writing. Also in AJHR 1891,

G-3 is a submission by Edwards, Otorohanga, on behalf of Ngati Maniapoto making

suggestions respecting Native Land Courts and dealings with Native lands. There are

some original documents relating to the Rees-Carroll Commission in the MA 73 series at

Archives NZ, Wellington. These include minute books and letter books of the

commissioners from 1891. Pukeariki Museum, New Plymouth hold an early Lands and

Survey Department file labelled ‘Mokau River Harbour and Waterway’ (1884-1901).

This includes plans, such as ‘Land on North Bank of Mokau River leased from Natives’,

1899 and may provide other material as well.

The court’s operation in the district - general Archives New Zealand, Wellington holds a number of Maori Affairs Department ‘special

files’, the MA 13 series, MA 13/43 and MA 13/78 files (the general files on the King

Country) should be searched. These contain early correspondence and records of

meetings between rangatira and Crown officials during this period.

The sittings themselvesThere are considerable quantities of diaries kept by Judge William Gilbert Mair of the

Native Land Court. The Auckland War Memorial Museum hold 36 volumes of his diaries

from 1876 to 1912 (1877 is missing). Typescripts of these diaries up to 1904 are available

at the University of Auckland Library. In addition they hold thirteen volumes of evidence

in the land courts, 1883-1891 and an account book containing the return of fees, 1882-

1891.

Aside from the official Maori Land Court minute books there are a number of

manuscripts in English and Maori containing minutes and notes from various court

sitting, but especially from 1886 hearings into the Aotea block. Of particular note is the

Maori scholar, Bruce Bigg’s transcript and notes on portions of vols. 6 and 7 of Judge W


86

G Mair’s Native Land Court notebooks, 1883-1891. This is held at the University of

Auckland Library. Of equal importance is the Pei Te Hurinui Jones collection at the

University of Waikato Library. This also includes Native Land Court notes of Judge W G

Mair 1886. Newspaper accounts of hearings often provide detailed accounts of the

evidence given. It is possible that the minute books kept by Native Assessors in the court

in this district, particular those of Paratene Ngata who was involved in the RohePotae

block hearings of 1886, still exist and are being cared for by particular whanau and

rangatira.

Native Committee – exercise of Maori authority/control over process and over land &resourcesThe Ormsby family papers at the Alexander Turnbull Library cover the period 1880 to

1984 and papers of the Native Committee (Waikato) from 1884 to 1950s. The

Otorohanga Historical Society Courthouse Museum has three A4-size hardbound books

saved from a fire at the Ormsby house at Otorohanga; these contain records of the

Kawhia Native Committee. They also hold John Ormsby’s letterbook, which contains

copies of Correspondence from John Ormsby (Hone Omipi) writing as chairman of the

Kawhia District Committee, 1884-1905. The University of Waikato Library also have

some Ormsby family papers containing Kawhia Native Committee Minutes; record of

speeches at tribal hui; notes on Native Land Court hearings, etc from 1884 to 1914.

There are two general files in the MA 23 series at Archives NZ, Wellington that deal with

Native Committees in the 1880s and 1890s. They are worth checking for material

relevant to this inquiry. Analysis of the statute establishing the committees (and the

accompanying Parliamentary debate), available newspaper material, especially in the

weeks leading up to court hearings, and discussion of the committees in reports and

letters by Crown officials are also likely to be useful.

Preparations for Crown’s purchasing programme (1886-1890)The reports of officers in Native districts published in AJHR discuss the activities of the

Land Court (including mentions of survey costs) and land purchasing activities. The

papers of W H Grace will be an important source and should be used in conjunction with

the MA-MLP files and with the papers of G T Wilkinson discussed below. The


87

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington also has a significant collection of material. This

includes:

Letterbooks for 1886-1887 and 1880-1892;

Diaries for 1882, 1884, 1904, 1906; and

Various papers of the Grace family, 1880-1994.

A significant volume of correspondence and other papers by G T Wilkinson have

survived. These will need to be examined in detail and should provide some important

material. The University of Waikato library holds his diaries for 1881. The Otorohanga

Historical Society Courthouse Museum has a diary for part of 1891 and a notebook

for1889. The Auckland War Memorial Museum Library have some Wilkinson papers

that include two notebooks, a waiata book, a scrapbook, newspaper cuttings and maps

relating to Maori land. The date range of this material is not clear. At the Alexander

Turnbull Library, Wellington there are a number of letters from Wilkinson in 1881 in the

correspondence of William Rolleston.

General materialNational Archives, Wellington hold a large number of files of inward and outward

correspondence and circulars received and sent by government departments and agents

(see bibliography for list). These include the Governor, Land and Survey Department,

Maori Affairs and Maori Affairs-Land Purchasing Departments and the Native Land

Court. They are voluminous and time consuming to search (most are not indexed) but

they may provide some relevant material. Given the likely time constraints on the

research, more specific files should prioritised and if time allows or there are significant

gaps still needing to be filled these letterbooks could be searched.

Native Minister, John Ballance’s (Native Minister from August 1884 to October 1887)

papers are held by the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington and include his papers

from 1875 to 1898.


There will obviously be close links with the Barclay and Marr’s political engagement

report. However the research for this chapter will deal with any potential overlap by


88

concentrating on what happened the ground level in the court between 1886 and

1890, and with the Crown’s preparations for the purchasing of Maori land in the

district prior to 1890. The political engagement report will be drawn on to provide

evidence about what can be said about the understanding of each party regarding the

role of the Native Land Court and of the Native Committees in providing title to

Maori land in the district. That report will also assist the research in understanding the

wider political context in the district throughout this period.

There is also a strong link to the Cleaver and Sarich’s railways report. This is

particularly true for the material on the funding of the railway construction by the

Crown’s purchasing and reselling of Maori land in the district. They intend to explore

this issue in the context of the impact those activities had on the funding and

construction of the line itself. The material they uncover should be used to consider a

different question, that is to what extent the railway loans and purchasing of land to

fund the construction of the railway drove the Crown’s overall land purchasing

programme in the district? One area that the railways report will contribute to this

chapter will be in providing evidence about the extent to which the Crown collected

information about land quality in explorations and surveys for the railway. The

researcher should discuss whether the Crown used this information to deliberately

target the most productive land for purchase in the 1880s and 1890s. If so, did this

resulted in Maori being left with the poorest quality and least accessible land in the

district, which may have had a negative impact on Maori economic opportunities and

choices. Once again, the railway report will inform the research on land in the same

period and some material from that report may be summarised to form a context for

the land research.

Existing research

Three existing pieces of research provide histories of the opening of the Rohe Potae,

the activities of the Native Land Court and Crown purchasing in the district from

1882 to 1907. These reports are Cathy Marr’s The Alienation of Maori Land in the

Rohe Potae (Aotea Block), 1840-1920, Rangahaua Whanui District 8, Dec 1996 and

‘The Waimarino Purchase Report: The investigation, purchase and creation of


89

reserves in the Waimarino block, and associated issues’ (Wai 903 #A60). A further

report by Donald Loveridge, ‘The Crown and the Opening of the King Country 1882-

1885’, A report for the Crown Law Office, February 2006, (Wai 1130 #A72) is more

narrowly focused on the Rohe Potae agreement negotiations from 1882 to 1885.

Marr’s two reports provide a good starting place for understanding the Rohe Potae

during the 1886-1890 period. Alan Ward’s early report, ‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto’

should not be overlooked, it cites some significant primary sources, especially in

relation to the railway negotiations and the Native committees. However, neither of

these reports is specifically land focused for the period prior to 1890.

Other secondary sources include the Tribunal’s Pouakani Report, and ‘Te

Taumarumarutanga O Ngati Tuwharetoa The Shadow of Ngati Tuwharetoa A

Traditional and Oral History Report Nga Korero A Ngati Tuwharetoa’ Wai 903,

#A150. However, confidentiality conditions will need to be complied with if this is to

be used as a source.

In this report the events covered by the standard histories (Marr, Loveridge etc) are

woven around discuss of alliances and relationships between key figures. This forms

a useful counterpoint to the reports based primarily on government records. In

particular it gives a sense of motivations of Maori actors in this period. However, it is

important to be aware that this is a Tuwharetoa perspective, no doubt the perspectives

within other iwi are different – these have yet to be place on the Tribunal’s record and

will probably emerge later in the casebook. The briefs of evidence of witnesses for

Ngati Tuwharetoa, Ngati Hikairo ki Tongariro, Whanganui groups and Ngati

Maniapoto in the CNI, National Park and Whanganui inquiries should be explored.

There is also evidence from Ngati Maniapoto and Whanganui witnesses on the record

of inquiry for the Whanganui inquiry. These should be utilised to capture something

of their perspectives.

Berghan’s block narratives for this inquiry document the title history of each block in

the inquiry district and will provide the starting point for any discussion of the court’s

dealings with particular blocks. Berghan also has a full account of the 1886

RohePotae (Aotea) block hearing, this is particularly useful as it summarises

hundreds of pages of court minutes and will allow the researcher to understand the


90

whole hearing and locate particular moments in the hearing that they wish to

investigate further.

Research needed

Primary research into leases and other arrangements between hapu and iwi and

Europeans over land and resources;

Summary of Maori land legislation and its impact on the nature of the title provided

by the Native Land Court from 1886 to 1890 from secondary sources;

Limited supplementary primary research on 1886-1890 Native land legislation

(statutes, regulations and Parliamentary debates) as it relates to Te Rohe Potae lands;

Overview of the activities in the inquiry district from 1886 to 1890 from secondary

sources and statistics calculated from Maori Land Court Minute Book database;

Summary of Berghan’s block narrative on the 1886 sittings of the court to determine

title to the RohePotae (Aotea Block);

Supplementary primary research about hapu and iwi engagement with the court in the

1886-1890 period;

Summary of secondary sources relating to the delay to the Crown’s purchasing

programme; and

Supplementary primary research into the delay to the Crown’s purchasing programme





calculated based on 5 full-time days per week

Task Estimated time (days)

Primary research into leases and other arrangements:

Returns of land purchased and leased (AJHR)

Annual reports of officers in Native districts (AJHR)

MA 13 files, Archives NZ, Wellington

Kawhia Native Committee papers

2

2

4

1


91

Rees-Carroll Commission 1891 – published report and

evidence

Rees-Carroll Commission 1891 – archives material

Mokau file at Pukeariki Museum, New Plymouth

Time for drafting this part of the chapter

1

2

1

5

Summary of Maori land legislation and its impact on the


4

Supplementary primary research on 1886-1890 Native

land legislation:

Statutes

Regulations

Parliamentary debates


2

1

3

5

Overview of the Native Land Court’s activities in the

inquiry district from 1886 to 1890:



Stout-Ngata Commission report, 1907 (AJHR)

Berghan block narratives for the inquiry

Statistics generated from Maori Land Court Minute

Book index


2

4

1

3

2

5

Summary of Berghan’s block narrative on the 1886 sittings

of the court

1

Supplementary primary research about hapu and iwi

engagement with the court:


Maori Land Court Block Order files

Judge Mair’s papers

Newspaper sources (CFRT index and document bank)


7

7

10

2

3


92

Time for drafting this part of the chapter 10

Summary of secondary sources on the delay to the

Crown’s purchasing programme

1

Supplementary primary research into the delay to the

Crown’s purchasing programme:



MA-MLP files, especially general ones

W H Grace papers

G T Wilkinson papers

John Ballance papers


2

4

5

5

5

2

5

Total estimated time for research and drafting this

chapter

122 days (24 weeks & 2 days)


Statistical analysis of locations, number of sitting days, judges, type of hearing etc

from the Maori Land Court Minute Book index (pre-1913)


93

Figure 8: Land Alienation in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District, 1840-1910 (Source:

drawn from land alienation maps in The New Zealand Centennial Atlas, 1940)

30m",

1860 715,500 ha

1,768,000 ae. /'- ...... , .......

1910 375, 100ha 926,900 ae / .:. :C.,J

._E~ ~ __ , : , ! i I

,~ .

, . t" ]~:L", .. ~" t"·'mt ;.

702,900 ha

1,737,000 ae

.:/i'liN f " .~ ,,'-'1939 174.100 ha ., ... - -,",

----------, j "' -< --./ 430.100 ha

191' 1919


94

Figure 9: Land Tenure in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District, 1903-1904 (Source: detail

from AJHR 1904, C-1)


95

Chapter 5: Land title issues and land/resource transactions in

the inquiry district, 1890 - 1907

Introduction

This chapter sets out some of the research issues that will need to be explored in relation

to the acquisition of land/resources by the Crown in the inquiry district from 1890 to

1907. It will also identify a number of issues about the impact that new forms of title

conferred by the Native Land Court had on the ability of hapu and iwi in the district to

retain, use, manage and control their lands. This discussion is followed by an outline of

sources that will assist in examining these issues. The chapter finishes by identifying and

assessing the existing research and what further research will need to be done. It also

gives a preliminary indication of the time this research will take and indicates whether

there are tasks that could be assigned to a research assistant.

Discussion

As mentioned in the previous chapter, the formal beginning of the purchasing programme

in the inquiry district was signalled by Crown’s official letter to certain rangatira late in

1889 and the first payments for interests in land are record as having been made in the

first six months of 1890. It is unclear what, if anything, Crown officials told hapu and iwi

prior to the 1889 about their intentions to purchase land from them within the Aotea

block. Statements, petitions and correspondence with Maori should be used to discover

what Maori understood about what land would be purchased and by what means. If there

were discussion between hapu and iwi and Crown officials about prospective purchasing

was any agreement reached, and if so what were the terms of that agreement?

What is clear from existing research is that the period covered by this chapter was

characterised by a very marked upswing in the alienation of Maori land in the inquiry

district in the 20 years between 1890 and 1910. In 1860, 92.3 percent of the inquiry

district remained in Maori hands and this has scarcely changed by 1890 when 90.7

percent of the inquiry district remained as Maori land. But, by 1910 over half of the

inquiry area had been alienated from Maori ownership. This is shown in figure 8, which


96

has taken the 1940 Centennial Atlas maps of land tenure and overlaid the Rohe Potae

inquiry district boundary. It is worth noting that this period of rapid land alienation

coincides with the building of the Main Trunk Line through the Rohe Potae from 1890 to

1903. While this pattern of alienation is remarkable it does to some extent mirror the

national pattern of Maori land alienation during the Liberal Government period of the

1890s.’ 82

The 1907 Stout-Ngata Commission gives some indication of the pattern of this land

alienation in the inquiry district. With regard to land alienation in the ‘Rohe-Potae (King

Country) District’ the commissioners note a particularly strong difference between the

areas east and west of the main Trunk Line. They concluded that ‘the blocks in the west

of the railway-line have been minutely subdivided according to the Native ownership,

and in consequence of Crown purchases’. They pointed out that this degree of

subdivision and alienation was quite exceptional given the late entry of the Native Land

into the district: ‘We are not aware of any Native district, which until 1888 was closed to

the law-courts, where the Native Land Court has been so active and where subdivision

has proceeded so far as in this portion of the Rohe-Potae.’83 On the other hand the

subdivision of land lying east of the railway line (largely the Rangitoto-Tuhua block) was

much less advanced because of delays to survey.84 This strong east-west divide can be

seen quite clearly in the 1904 Land Tenure map in figure 9.

The Stout-Ngata Commission provides some figures for the alienation of the Rohe-Potae

(Aotea) block by purchase and by lease. No doubt Heinz’s land alienation quantitative

study will provide more accurate and comprehensive figures. These figures have been set

82 Tom Brooking has argued that the Liberal land-buying programme of the 1890s was the biggest of anyadministration after the New Zealand Wars, both in terms of expenditure and the area of land acquired. Thefigures Brooking gives show that ‘between 1891 and 1911 the Liberal Government purchased some 3.1million acres of Maori land for an average price of 6s 4d an acre, and most of it was purchased in the1890s. (Marr, Rohe Potae, pt 1, p 69 citing Tom Brooking, ‘ “Busting Up the Greatest Estate of All: LiberalMaori Land Policy, 1891-1911’, New Zealand Journal of History, 1992, vol. 26, No. 1, p 78)83 AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 284 Stout Ngata Commission ‘Native Lands in the Rohe-Potae (King Country) District, an interim report’,AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 3


97

out in the table below and each one calculated as a percentage of the total area of the

Aotea block.

Table 1: Stout-Ngata Commission land alienation figures for the RohePotae (Aotea

Block) (Source: AJHR 1907, G- 1b, pp 10-11)

Type of alienation Acres PercentageSALES to Crown (before 1905) 687,769 37.3%to Crown (after 1905) 69,390 3.8%Total sales to the Crown 757,159 41.0%

to private persons 17,818 1.0%Total sales 774,977 42.0%

LEASESfor timber milling purposes 62,439 3.4%for coal prospecting 5,059 0.3%to Joshua Jones 26,480 1.4%for Native Township sites 893 0.0%for pastoral and agricultural purposes, approved by the Council or Board and under 122,892 6.7%Total under lease or negotiation 217,763 11.8%

TAKINGSTaken for public works or scenic reserves 110 0.0%

Area of Aotea Block 1,844,780 100.0%Total area alienated by 1907 992,850 53.8%Total area remaining 851,930 46.2%

The focus of land research in the period from 1890 to 1907 should be what pressures

were experienced by hapu, iwi and individual Maori within the inquiry district in

attempts to retain land and resources to support themselves and to continue to take

advantage of economic opportunities? To what extent were they able to resist,

control/limit, or minimize the impact of those pressures? What was the outcome in terms


98

of both the nature and extent of their authority over the land/resources and the amount

and quality of that land/resources remaining in Maori ownership by 1907?

The Crown established a pre-emptive right to purchase Maori land with in an extensive

area of the Central North Island including all but the northern portion of the inquiry

district (see figures 3 and 7). The Native Land Alienation Restriction Act 1884

‘prohibited all dealings with lands therein contained, saving only the rights of the Crown

to purchase or otherwise acquired ‘on such terms as might be agreed upon between the

Crown and the owners over a large area which became known as the ‘railway area’ (see

figure 3).’85 Finance of £100,000 for the purchase of Maori land in the district was

provided by the North Island Main Trunk Railway Loan Application Act 1886. So, as the

Stout-Ngata Commission noted, at the time of the court began investigating the title to the

Aotea block in 1886, ‘Parliament had closed all lands to private dealers, had reasserted

the pre-emptive right of the Crown, and had earmarked a proportion of the territory for

the purposes of the Main Trunk Railway.’86 Aside from a brief period in 1888-1889, the

Crown’s pre-emption continued until the introduction of District Maori Land Councils

(later Boards) in 1900.87

A number of issues arise in relation to impact of the Crown’s monopoly on Maori

authority to deal with their lands and resources. Firstly, to what extent did Rohe Potae

hapu and iwi try to have the restrictions on private deals removed, either across the whole

district or over certain blocks? If so, were they successful and what was the outcome in

terms of land alienation? To what extent did this pre-emption prevent hapu and iwi and

individuals from entering any form of leasing, mortgages, royalties, sale of timber rights,

or even the placing of such land in trust? 88 If these avenues for profitable utilising their

85 AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 286 AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 287 The 1884 Act was repealed by the Native Land Administration Act 1888, but this was quickly reversedand pre-emption re-established by section 5 of the North Island Main Trunk Railway Loan Act AmendmentAct 1889. Initially this pre-emptive right was to apply for two years until January 1892. This was extendedto January 1894 by the Amendment Act of 1892. The pre-emption was then continued by the Native LandCourt Act 1894 until the introduction of a new system of Maori land administration in 1900 (AJHR 1907,G-1b, p 2)88 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo: Report on Central North Island claims, Stage One, 2008, vol. 2,pp 586-589


99

land/resources as alternatives to sale were remove or constrained, to what extent did this

contribute to individuals selling their interests in land to the Crown? To what extent did

Crown officials regard the restrictions on private dealings to be a protection for Maori?

Did the Crown recognise a tension between Maori authority to deal with their land

(including dealing with settlers privately for lease, licence or sale) and the protection of

Maori from fraud and other crooked practices? If so what was done to balance these

tensions? Did the benefits of protection that pre-emption offered Maori in the district

outweigh the disadvantages suffered because of loss/constrain of their authority?

Another issue with regard to the impact of Crown pre-emption is the effect that the lack

of competition had on the price paid for interests in land, which was one the benefits

Maori derived for selling their interests. The Stout-Ngata Commissioners were critical of

the impact Crown pre-emption had on the price paid for Maori land in the district, which

on average was sold for 4s per acre:

While restricting private alienation, Parliament had reserved the right of the

Crown to purchase ‘on such terms as might be agreed upon between the Crown

and the owners.’ This was the fiction. In practice the Crown bought on its own

terms; it had no competition to fear; the owners had no standard of comparison in

their midst, such as the rents of land under lease or profits from farming might

have afforded; they had been reduced by cost of litigation and surveys, by the lack

of any other source of revenue, to accept any price at all for their land … The

price was, in our opinion, below the value. It was the best possible bargain for the

State.’89

It will be necessary to closely examine what systems the Crown had in place for

calculating the price to be paid per block, and more broadly, what mechanisms were put

in place by the Crown to ensure a fair price was paid and whether those mechanisms were

consistently applied? Such mechanisms included establishing an independent authority to

audit land dealings from 1870 onwards in the form of Trust Commissioners. The Native

Land Court was also provided with additional monitoring powers from 1873 to ensure

89 AJHR 1907, G-1b, p 4


100

that transactions involving Maori land were equitable, including the price paid.90 The

researcher will also need to investigate, how stable the price per share was in particular

blocks over time, and if this price was unstable, what factors influenced a purchase

agent’s willingness to increase or decrease the offer made to individual owners. There is

also a question of whether and to what extent extra or discretionary payments were made

to particular chiefs to promote purchasing? 91

To state an obvious point here, the Crown’s purchasing activities in the district were

going on side by side with the proceedings of the Native Land Court. There are a number

of issues relating to the pressures that participating in court hearings and obtaining title

from the court created on Maori to sell their interests in land/resources. Survey costs and

court fees had the potential to burden Maori owners with debt. In some case this

contributed to poverty and made selling interests more necessary. Research should

consider what the extent of these costs were for blocks in this inquiry and to what extent

did the costs contribute to land loss?92 Was there a collective strategy by hapu and iwi in

the inquiry district to manage pressures such as debt from survey and court costs (to

avoid the need to sell), or were hapu, whanau and individuals simply left to do what they

could to pay these debts? To what extent were rents from leases able to provide enough

income to cover these expenses?

It is also possible that those facing such debts and wanting to raise capital to develop their

land decided to sell certain pieces of land to raise capital to develop more viable or

important land? Is there any evidence of this in this inquiry district? The research should

also consider to what extent the financial costs of resisting offers to sell interests were a

disincentive to retain shares in the land, especially in blocks where a number of others

had already sold. For example, the costs of hearing, survey and partition where the court

ordered a partition.93 It is expected that the impact of succession and partitioning on

fragmentation of ownership and land will prove to be largely a twentieth century issue,

90 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo … 2008, vol. 2, p 58191 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo … 2008, vol. 2, p 58492 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo …, 2008, vol. 2, p 50893 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo …, 2008, vol. 2, p 616-617


101

and will be dealt with in the reports covering land issues after 1907. However, some

discussion of the court’s use of partition order to partition out land purchased by the

Crown in the 1890s will be necessary.

The research will need to consider the impact that the nature of the title provided by the

court had on the ability of owners to retain, use and manage their land/resources. In

particular, the researcher should investigate the extent to which it balanced the power of

the individual to deal with their interests against the power of the whanau, hapu and iwi

to control the retention, use and management of land/resources collectively.

Attention should also be given to the nature and extent of any protections the forms of

title offered owners, during this period. For example research should consider:

Provisions on restrictions on alienation and how these changed throughout the 1880s

and 1890s;

Fraud prevention measures and the role of the Trust Commissioners;

The right to appeal and the provisions for re-hearing;

Protections for the interests of minors; and

Provision for reserves for ‘sellers’ and ‘non-sellers.’

In particular the Native Land Court Act 1894 established the Native Appellate Court, to

confirm titles previous issued by the court under certain legislation and circumstances.

This process ‘improved the prospects of a full analysis of intersecting customary rights,

and provided a venue for appeals, promptly and frequently made use of by contending

Maori claimants.’94 The extent to what the Validation Court and Appellate Court sat in

the district, and what the outcome of its deliberations were for the owners of particular

blocks needs to be explored. The research should consider to what extent legislation

struck a balance between providing freedom for individuals to deal with their interests in

the land/resources and enabling hapu and iwi to exercise communal control over it.

94 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, pp 766-767


102

The researcher should consider the impact that Crown purchasing strategies had on hapu

and iwi ability to retain, use and manage their land/resources collectively. The way that

Crown official purchasing land operated in this district should be compared with the

procedures used in other districts such as CNI. Some of the questions suggested by

research in other inquiry districts include, to what extent were land purchasing officers in

this district using ownership lists from the court to target those individuals first who were

thought likely to be most co-operative or vulnerable in selling their shares? These

included absentee owners, those with particular small interests, those seeking to raise

capital to develop their other lands, and those burdened with debts.95 Did the land

purchase officers deliberately target the interest of minors in this district, and what was

the effect of changes to legislation governing who could be appointed as a trustee for a

minor on these practices?96 The research should consider whether there is any evidence of

a collective strategy by Maori in this district to resist these practices. For example, is their

any evidence that hapu and iwi attempted to withhold ownership lists or resist defining of

shares in blocks (to make purchasing of interests less viable or attractive) or voluntarily

partitioning blocks into portions to be sold and portions to be retained? How successful

were these strategies?

Researchers should also try to determine to what extent, if any, the multiple official

positions held by G T Wilkinson and W H Grace, alongside their roles as land purchase

officers constituted a conflict of interest, and were any steps taken to manage such

conflicts?97 It will also be important to consider how the marriage of these men into Ngati

Maniapoto affected their ability to gather information and use that information in

purchasing Maori land. Research should focus on the extent, if any, of purchase agents’

interference or influence over the ownership lists drawn up by the Native committee. Did

95 Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo …, 2008, vol. 2, pp 614-61596 The CNI Tribunal found that land purchase officers were able to target minors and seek to have trusteesappointed for them who would sell. The opportunities for this were greatly strengthened from 1877, whenpowers under the Maori Real Estate Management Act were expanded to enable officials such as ResidentMagistrates, Officers in Native Districts, Native Land Court Judges or even Land Purchase Officersthemselves to be appointed as trustees for minors. This only required formal confirmation from the Courtfor appointment, and trustees could then alienate the interests of minors to the Crown (Waitangi Tribunal,He Maunga Rongo …, 2008, vol. 2, p 615)97 Marr Rohe Potae, pt 1, pp 61-62 points out some of these potential conflicts


103

they, for example promise to purchase the interests of particular interests and then

contrive to have those individuals included on the ownership list? Was there collusion

between purchase agents and shopkeepers in terms of providing information about the

level of debt owed by individual owners? Or of shopkeepers in towns where the court sat

and land purchase officers worked together so that money received by Maori for

purchased interests after a court sitting was channelled directly into debts/or good

bought? The researcher should also consider whether there is any evidence that purchase

agents targeted individuals in times of particular poverty at the time of expensive events

such as tangi? Was there any confusion about whether payments were made as loans or

gift or for the purchase of interests?

The researcher should also assess the extent to which it was clear on the ground just how

much land the Crown had acquired and where it was located? Some research is also

needed into what extent changing requirements of the legislation that titles granted by the

court need to finalised by a Crown grant or by a certificate of title issued by the Land

Transfer Office before the title is legally binding. This has implications for Maori owners

in terms of the legal status of their title, potential addition costs, delays and confusion.98

Approach

Sources

There are several sources that will be critical to this chapter these include the MA-MLP

series of files at Archives NZ, Wellington which contain correspondence between Crown

officials about the purchasing Maori land in the district. There are some general files in

this series dealing with Crown purchasing in the district and well as files for specific

blocks. These will be used in tandem with the survey office (BAAZ) files for particular

blocks now held at Archives NZ, Auckland. As with the preceding chapter, the annual

reports of the officer in Native districts will contain basic information.

98 Waitangi Tribunal, Hauraki Report, 2006, pp 767-768


104

Pressures on hapu and iwi ability to retain, use and manage their land/resources

Desire for title to facilitate leasing and retention of land/resource

A small amount of material about leasing of Maori land in the period after the Rohe Potae

agreement has been located. There are two volumes labelled ‘Auckland Land District –

Leases’ in the ABWN files at Archives NZ, Wellington. The volume first covers 1894 to

1903 and the second overlaps covering the period 1898 to 1902. There is also an AADS

file for Rural lands for Lease in Perpetuity in Pirongia Survey Districts, Waitomo County

for 1906. Further material will be found in the survey office files for particular blocks

(BAAZ files, Archives NZ, Auck) and in the MA-MLP files for individual blocks

(Archives NZ, Wellington).

Impact of Crown pre-emption

The Native Land Alienation Restriction Act 1884 and subsequent legislation establishing

and extending Crown pre-emption over the inquiry district will provide information about

how the Crown’s pre-emption worked in the district. Parliamentary debates will fill in the

background to this policy. Annual reports of officers in Native districts should be

checked to see if there were any attempts by hapu and iwi to have this pre-emption

modified or removed from all of part of the district and what the outcome of those

attempts was. J J Mitchell’s petitions database and supporting documents (Wai 898, #A9)

may provide further Maori views on the desire to enter into lease or sale arrangement

with private individuals. Maori Affairs (MA) and Maori Land Purchase Office (MA-

MLP) correspondence registers at Archives New Zealand may also contain letters from

Maori about these issues. Further material may be found in the survey office files for

particular blocks (BAAZ files, Archives NZ, Auck) and in the MA-MLP files for the

district and for individual blocks (Archives NZ, Wellington).

Impact of court costs and survey charges

Considerable material on court costs and survey liens can be extracted from the rules and

regulations and statutes governing the Native Land Court. Paula Berghan’s block

narratives and supporting documents will supply considerable data on court costs and


105

survey liens, if more detail is required local registers from the Native Land Court held at

Archives NZ, Auckland seem to be a particular rich source of date, these have been

discussed above. The Block Order files at the Maori Land Courts in Wanganui and

Hamilton can also be consulted.

Of particular use to the research is a typed schedule: ‘Waikato Maniapoto Maori Land

Court Survey Liens incurred before 1916’, and some papers labelled ‘Outstanding survey

liens and compromised charges in the Aotea Maori Land Court District’. These are held

at LINZ in Hamilton (Maori Historical Records SA 2157, 131/2 originals). There are

some very general files on ‘survey liens’ in the formerly survey office material (BAAZ

series 1108 files) at Archives NZ, Auckland. However this only covers the late period

from 1904 to 1914. Here there are also a series of files containing applications for

determination of survey charges and survey certificates covering the period from 1881 to

1910 (BBOP series 10002 files). There are a number of miscellaneous files in the LS 1

series at Archives NZ, Wellington that deal with survey charges and surveyors expenses,

including expenses filed by C W Hursthouse from Te Kuiti. Court fees are generally

recorded in the margins of the Maori Land Court Minute Books and they appear to be

documented in the local registers. In addition, there is one general file title ‘Northern

Court Fees’ covering the period from 1878 to 1892 (BBOP A52 file, Archives NZ,

Auckland). These sources are all listed in the attached bibliography.

Impact of nature of title provided by the court

The Tribunal’s report for the Turanga (Gisborne), Hauraki and CNI inquiries examine

issues relating to the nature of title provided by the court and its impact on hapu and iwi

ability to retain, use and manage their land/resources. Research reports from those

inquiries provide further detail (see bibliography attached). Research is sparser on 1890s

Native land legislation than for earlier periods, and this gap will need to be filled in. Alan

Ward’s early research report ‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto’ briefly summarises national and

Rohe Potae specific legislation for this period. In addition, there is a considerable body of

academic research on the Liberal Government and its land settlement and Native affairs

policies which could be used to fill out the background to policy and legislation. Articles


106

by Tom Brooking in the New Zealand Journal of History, David Hamer’s study of

Liberal politics and a recent thesis on Liberal Government Native policy by Nicola

Blackburn appear to be particularly useful.99 The CFRT Maori land legislation manual is

a good place to start identifying relevant legislation from this period.100 Statutes,

regulations and Parliamentary debates for Native land legislation in this period provide

evidence of the provisions made to protect Maori. Research reports from other Tribunal

inquiries contain overviews of many of these provisions, for example the matter of

‘seller’ and ‘non-seller’ reserves was cover in Peter Clayworth’s report ‘Located on the

Precipices & Pinnacles – A report on the Waimarino Non-Seller Blocks & Seller

Reserves’, Wai 903 #A55.

An Excel spreadsheet index and accompanying document bank by J J Mitchell contains

petitions from Maori in the inquiry district to parliament (Wai 898, #A9). These petitions

can be studied by block or by the type of issue. By block will reveal blocks that where iwi

and hapu consistently felt that the Crown’s processes were flawed. By issue will allow for

a wider look at the kinds of downstream impacts of the courts transformation of title and

how iwi and hapu considered they were affected. Issues include:

Original survey/application for survey or boundaries;

Boundaries;

Requests for special legislation to be enacted;

Failure to protect wahi tapu from alienation and or desecration and/or reserves

promised;

Ownership and/or allocation of interests;

Request for inclusion of names on owners list;

Disputed partitions;

Requests for partition by non-sellers;

99 Tom Brooking, ‘ “Busting Up the Greatest Estate of All: Liberal Maori Land Policy 1891-1911’, NewZealand Journal of History, April 1992, vol. 26 No. 1, pp 78-98; ‘Use it of Lose it: Unravelling the landDebate in Late Nineteenth Century New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of History, October 1996, vol. 30,No. 2, pp 141-162; David Hamer, The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891-1912, AucklandUniversity Press, Auckland, 1988, and Nicola Blackburn, ‘An Ambivalent Agency: The administration ofNative affairs by the Liberal government, 1893-1906’, MA thesis, Massey University, 1997100 Heather Bassett, Rachel Steel & David Williams (for CFRT), Te Maori Land Legislation Manual: TePuke Aho Hangahanga mo nga Ture Whenua Maori, CFRT, 1994


107

Succession;

Timber licenses;

Partition of land for survey liens; and

Leases.

There is also a file marked ‘Petitions from the Native Affairs Committee’ (1893-1912) in

the MA 24 series at Archives NZ, Wellington that may hold useful material.

There are a number of registers kept by the Native Land Court, which provide systematic

data on the court’s process in the district. These are found in the BBOP files at Archives

NZ, Auckland:

• Local Registers – four volumes for Waikato (1874-1907);

• Subdivision and Partition Register – One volume, Auckland district (1885-

1908);

• Various registers of applications under various pieces of legislation - see

bibliography for details, 15 volumes (1883-1910); and

• Personal Estates Registers – one volume, (1885-1889).

These are found in the BBOP files at Archives NZ, Auckland:

• Subdivision and Partition Register – One volume, Auckland district (1885-

1908);

• Various registers of applications under various pieces of legislation - see

bibliography for details, 15 volumes (1883-1910);

• Various register of Applications relating to interests of minors – see

bibliography for details, two volumes (1896-1910);

• Registers of Applications for removal of restrictions – two volumes (1890-

1910) [also see also two volumes of a register of restrictions removed (1848-

1906) in the ABWN papers at Archives NZ, Wellington]; and

• Appeals registers – four volumes, (1895-1915)


108

Impact of Crown’s purchasing operation and strategy

Annual reports of Officers in Native Districts, survey office files and MA-MLP files will

provide evidence of the Crown’s purchasing operation and strategies. In addition, there is

a significant volume of correspondence and other papers by the Crown Purchase Officer,

G T Wilkinson have survived. These will need to be examined in detail and should

provide some important material. The University of Waikato library holds his diaries for

1904 and 1906. The Otorohanga Historical Society Courthouse Museum has a diary for

part of 1891. The Auckland Memorial War Museum Library have some Wilkinson papers

that include two notebooks, a waiata book, a scrapbook, newspaper cuttings and maps

relating to Maori land. The date range of this material is not clear. At the Alexander

Turnbull Library, Wellington there are a number of letters from Wilkinson in the inward

correspondence of H W Williams between 1890 and 1908.

Protections for Maori ownersRestrictions on alienation

Appendix 7 of David V William, Te Kooti Tango Whenua: The Native Land Court, 1864-

1909 provides a summary of the legislative provisions for restrictions on alienation and

their removal. This could be used as a starting point for an analysis of the statutes and

Parliamentary debate on this issue. Inquiries into this issue stretch back as least as far as

the 1856 Board of inquiry into Maori land. MA 11/3 Archives NZ, Wellington contains

papers relating to the Commission on the removal of restrictions on the sale of Native

lands between 1883 and 1891. There are also two volumes of a register of restrictions

removed (1848-1906) in the ABWN papers at Archives NZ, Wellington.

Fraud prevention and the Trust Commissioners

Native land fraud prevention legislation will provide details of the measures taken and the

Parliamentary debate over that legislation will indicate the policy and concerns behind

the legislation. Several research reports from other Tribunal inquires will provide

background on the establishment and operation of the Trust Commissioners. Te

Awamutu Museum holds two files of papers by Henry William Northcroft, the first

contains a register of the Native Trust Commission, December 1889-August 1893, and

the second contains an enquiry book: Trust Commission, and papers for the period 1892-


109

1894. Records of the Appellate Court for this district should be located to examine the

protective role this court provided after 1894.

Reserves made during purchasing operations

It will be important to document the creation and fate of any reserves made for sellers in

blocks that were being purchased by the Crown in 1890s and 1900s. Archives NZ,

Wellington, LS 1, 1299, 22668 relates to miscellaneous reserves in the period 1895 to

1899. MA-MLP 6/5 includes copies of requests to the Crown Lands Department for

Crown Grants on reserves set aside for Maori, 31 May 1881-11 July 1892. This also

contains an alphabetical index of blocks of land or reserves. Maori Affairs-Maori Trustee

(MA-MT) should be checked for material relating to Native reserves within purchased

blocks.

Records of purchases, 1890-1907Overview of purchasing in the district

Some of the findings of the Stout-Ngata Commission have already been discussed above,

there reports and appended tables should be examined thoroughly. The main report of

interest for the inquiry is AJHR 1907 G-1b – ‘Interim Report on Native Lands in Rohe

Potae District’ but a supplementary report, AJHR 1907, G-1o – Report of Native Land

Commission on Native lands in the Rohe Potae District’ should also be checked. Also of

interest is AJHR 1907, G-3a ‘Maori Land purchase options – Report from W H Grace,

Kihikihi on Land Settlement Act.’ Again, Archives NZ Wellington in the MA 78 series

holds the working papers of the commission. At Archives NZ Auckland the BAAZ

4728/1a file ‘Native Land in the Auckland Land District suitable for settlement; Return of

Native Land in North Island (Auckland Land District)’, 1907 also looks useful.

There are a series of land tenure maps for the North Island which show the whole island

shaded to indicate areas of Crown land, Maori land (passed through the court), Maori

customary land (not yet passed through the court), land taken up by settlers and pastoral

leases etc. These begin at AJHR 1884 (seess II, C-1), 1891 (G-5 & G-10) and regularly at

C-1 after 1892 until 1908. Also of interest are two other land tenure maps:


110

AJHR 1903 D-9 ‘N.I.M.T.Ry Plan showing tenure of land for twenty five miles on

each side of Awakino, Waitara, Stratford and Central Routes’; and

AJHR 1907 G-3a ‘Map of Auckland region showing Blocks purchased.’

These maps should provide an overview of the pattern of land alienation and its change

over time.

Financial records/funding of purchasing

There are several land purchase journals at Archives NZ for the period 1876 to 1911:

BBOP, Archives Auckland – Native Land Purchase Journal – one volume (1898-

1911); and

MA-MLP, Archives NZ Wellington – Land Purchase Accounts Journal (1876-1900).

Returns of land purchased

There is a set of returns itemising land that had been purchased and/or leased in the

inquiry district. These returns also indicate whether the land was within the 1884 railway

loan area or not. The first return appears in 1888 and then yearly until 1902 at AJHR C-3

from 1896 onwards (see bibliography for further details). Several other similar returns

should also be checked:

AJHR 1885, G-6 – Lands passed through the Native Land Court and purchased by

Europeans, (return of) since 1873;

AJHR 1888, G-2 – Native Land Purchases in the North Island, (return of) since 1st

April 1884;

AJHR 1891, C-8 – Table showing Land Acquired for Settlement along North Island

Main Trunk Railway [Area of Freehold and leasehold land between 1881-1891]; and

AJHR 1891, G-10 – Native Lands in the Colony [shows lands within area reserved by

Main Trunk railway loan application Act].

Files for blocks purchased

The majority of the material relevant to land purchasing after 1886 is contained in files

that relate to specific blocks of land. These files were kept by a variety of government

departments and will need to be used together to form an accurate and comprehensive


111

picture of the Crown’s purchasing activities and their impact in the inquiry district. It is

difficult at this stage to prioritise this vast amount of material but there are clearly two

sets of files that will be of major importance to the proposed research. These are the

Maori Land Purchase Office files (MA-MLP series 1) at Archives NZ, Wellington and

Survey Office files (BAAZ series 1108) at Archives NZ, Auckland.

Survey files (BAAZ 1108 series, Archives NZ, Auckland)

The BAAZ series 1108 files were created by the Survey (later Lands and Survey)

Department to hold correspondence and other papers relating to particular blocks of land.

These are a significant source for material on survey and land court activity as well as for

land purchasing. A search of the Archway catalogue by block name turned up a large

number of files about individual blocks. These have been listed in an Excel spreadsheet.

Many cover the 1880s and 1890s with the remainder from the early 1990s. This set of

files connects to the 20/- files, which are still held by LINZ Hamilton. In addition there

are some post-1900 files for blocks and survey districts in the BAOB papers at Archives

NZ Auckland.

Maori Affairs-Maori Land Purchase Department files (MA-MLP series 1, Archives NZ,

Wellington)

These are the files of the land purchase department, each block has one or more files and

there are at least 50 boxes of files in this series. So it will be important to create a list of

files so that when certain blocks are selected for detail research the appropriate files can

be quickly located. Unfortunately, the files are poorly indexed in Archway (the online

catalogue), however it is possible that one of the staff at the Wellington office, Honiana

Love, has a list of these files. Attempts should be made to contact her about this.

There are several general files on land purchasing that may hold information relevant to

this inquiry district. Archives NZ, Wellington MA-MLP1, box39, 1895/428 contains

material about ‘purchasing from owners living in other areas’, 1895 and MA-MLP 6/4

contains Native Land Court judge’s decisions of purchases of blocks by the Crown from

1897 to 1901.


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Maori Land Court – Waikato-Maniapoto district files (BAAC, Archives NZ, Auckland)

This is another significant set of files, there are two types of files: application files and

correspondence files in this set. The dates covered by the files range widely from the

1870s to the post-1900 period.

Other Survey files (AADS, ABWN and LS files, Archives NZ, Wellington)

There are a number of AADS files relating to Awakino, Kawhia, Raglan and Waitomo

counties and survey districts, one file on a subdivision of Rangitoto-Tuhua and some files

on the Te Akau block. The files are predominately post-1900 but a few contain material

from as far back as the 1850s.

The ABWN files relate to the Hauturu block (unexecuted deed from the 1890s), the

Maungarangi block (post-1900), the Moerangi blocks (post-1900), and Mokau village

(1880s-1890s). There is also a general file on Rangitoto/Te Akau other blocks for the

1880s to early 1900s period.

The LS files contain material about special reserves, townships and harbour endowments

in or around the Awakino, Awaroa, Kawhia, Mokau, and Otorohanga blocks. There are

also files about the Mangapapa and Taurangi blocks, as well as of late subdivisions of

Kinohaku West, Rangitoto-Tuhua, Rangitoto A and Wharepuhunga blocks.

Other Maori Land Court and Maori Affairs Department files (Archives NZ, Wellington)

There are a number of files in MA series 1 for subdivisions of Rangitoto Tuhua and for

Mangapapa 1C (late 1890s-post-1900). MA series 14 and series 76 hold files relating to

the Te Akau block. Various MA accessions contain files for the Te Akau Block Aorangi,

Te Awaroa, Rangitoto-Tuhua and Wharepuhunga blocks for the same period. The Maori

Affairs, Wanganui district office (MA-WANG) holds some files about the Mangapapa

and Puketarata blocks (1870s-post 1900s) and for the Maraetaua, and Rangitoto-Tuhua

(1890s-post 1900s). There are further files for Rangitoto-Tuhua block subdivisions after

1900 in the Maori Land Court – Aotea (MLC-WG) files.


113

Other archives of Government departments, Archives NZ, Wellington

There are a small number of Justice Department (J) files relating to land registry fees on

the Maungapapa block in the 1880s. There is also some material on litigation over the

Maungapapa block in 1887 and some files about the Mokau River and Mokau coalfield in

the 1880s in the LE files. Some post-1900 material on the Awakino, Marakopa, Mokau

and Kawhia Harbours can be found in the Marine Department files (M).

Miscellaneous Native Land Court material, Archives NZ, Auckland

In the BBOP files at Archives NZ, Auckland there is a series of letters from 1882

regarding whether a court sitting would be held at Mokau and some early material

relating to the Te Akau block (1860s-1870s). In addition to these files the block order

files, correspondence files and Maori Land Court minute books will contain relevant

material.

SurveysSurvey and/or Lands and Survey Department registers (ABWN, Archives NZ, Wellington)

• General Index, Department of Lands – consecutive volumes from 1883 to 1905;

• Native Block Register – one volume from 1894 onwards (end date unclear);

• Registers of Authorised Native Survey – one is dated 1890 and the other is

dated 1890-1903. In addition there is a ‘Maori Land Survey Register’ dated 1910-

1913; and

• Register of Applications for unsurveyed land, Lands and Survey, Wellington –

one volume from 1891 to 1910.

At Archives NZ, Auckland BAAZ 1108, 159, 4429 is titled ‘plans to Land Purchase

Officers’ and covers the period 1895-1904.

There are three general files on ‘Native Land Survey’ from 1906 to 1914 and

‘miscellaneous survey’ from 1907 to 1918 in the former files of the Maori Land Court

(BAAZ series 1117) at Archives NZ, Auckland. These should be checked in case they

relate to delayed surveys in the district.


114

There are also a regular series of maps showing the state of public survey. The first are

from AJHR 1879, H-19 and AJHR 1880, H-27. They appear variously at C-2 to C- 5 up

till 1891 and then regularly at C-1 from 1892 to 1906.

Crown purchase deeds, 1890-1907It should be possible to locate a significant number of deeds of purchase for the inquiry

district. At Archives NZ, Wellington there are 30 volumes of material in ABWN 8102

containing Crown Purchase Deeds for the Auckland Land District from 1872 to 1920.

Crown grants and titlesMaori Affairs Department registers

• MA series 12 – two volumes for Waikato and two for Taranaki (no date) – each

containing printed forms showing briefly the title to Maori lands, the Act under

which the grant had been made, locality, names of the Maori grantees, date of the

grant and the restriction placed on its alienation. Volumes are divided according

to area.

Maori Land Court registers (BBOP, Archives NZ, Auckland)

• Local Registers – four volumes for Waikato (1874-1907) and one for Kawhia

and Mokau (1902-1907); and

• Titles Index – one volume, Northern District titles indexes (1894-1910).

Maori Affairs Department registers

• MA series 12 – two volumes for Waikato and two for Taranaki (no date) – each

containing printed forms showing briefly the title to Maori lands, the Act under

which the grant had been made, locality, names of the Maori grantees, date of the

grant and the restriction placed on its alienation. Volumes are divided according

to area.

Maori Land Court registers (BBOP, Archives NZ, Auckland)

• Local Registers – four volumes for Waikato (1874 – 1907) and one for Kawhia

and Mokau (1902-1907); and


115

• Titles Index – one volume, Northern District titles indexes (1894-1910).

Methodology

It is clear that the research will not be able to document each block in the inquiry district.

In part this function will be performed by Berghan’s block narratives in any case. It will

be necessary to select blocks to investigate in greater detail. As discussed in the previous

chapter certain cases will need to be chosen from the northern area of the inquiry district.

In terms of selecting blocks for study from within the Aotea block (1886) two main

criteria should be considered:

1) Selecting on the basis of type of tenure near the end of the research period:

Land tenure maps from around the end of the research period (1904 &1905) show the

land shaded according to whether it remains as customary Maori land, has passed through

the court but remains in Maori ownership, has been on-sold to settlers, or remains as

Crown Land. The geographical differences in these patterns suggest that this map could

be divided into zones based on areas of similar patterns. Blocks for case studies should

then be choose to represent each of these different zones and types of tenure.

2) Selecting on the basis of clusters of land that went through the court:

Berghan has identified the sequence in which land came within the RohePotae (Aotea)

block came before the court and the blocks that were created as a result. She has also

identified blocks that came before the court as a single block. Blocks for more detailed

examination could be chosen to ensure that there were a spread of cases from each of

these significant clusters of land, as well as a sample from the blocks were investigated as

single blocks.

Other factors to consider in selecting case studies will be:

The wishes of the claimant community;

Spread of iwi/hapu interests (these could be obtained from looking at the initial title

investigation in the Maori Land Court Minute Books);


116

A mix of ‘normal’ blocks and those over which there was protest or which were

specially investigated by the Crown at a later date (these can be identified by looking

at surviving petitions and commissions of inquiry); and

Availability of records – comprehensive files, especially Maori Land Court and

survey files, need to be available.

Paula Berghan’s block narratives will provide data on such matters as survey liens, court

costs, removal of restrictions of alienation, rate of subdivision, and the interests of

minors. An analysis of these aspects of the usability of the title the court provided will

create an overview of general patterns. Berghan is not able to be comprehensive and so

her data could be supplemented by a systematic extraction of data from the various

registers of the Maori Land Court now held at Archives NZ Auckland. In particular, the

local registers appear to be the main working registers of the court at Auckland and

record all transactions on each block (and court and survey cost). A statistical analysis of

in how many days the court sat, who were the assessors, judges, and what the nature of

the hearing was (title investigation, partition, succession etc) could be done using the

index to the Maori Land Court minute books and the minutes themselves (where

necessary). This data could sit alongside case study material and help to ensure and

demonstrate that the case studies are representative.


There is an obvious link between this chapter and Barclay and Marr’s political

engagement report for this period. That report will assist by informing the researcher

of the wider context of Crown-hapu/iwi relations in the district at the time and may

provide a limited amount of material to be included as summary context. However,

this chapter will focus more narrowly on the range of pressures affecting hapu and iwi

ability to retain, use and manage their land/resources in the face of an organised

Crown programme of land purchasing.

There are also connections with the land alienation quantitative study currently being

undertaken for this inquiry. This chapter may draw on and summarise results from

that study (depending on availability). However it is intended that this chapter will


117

provide as more detailed discussion of the various pressures on hapu and iwi

attempting to retain, use and control their land/resources. A general overview of the

purchasing programme and its impact will be followed by more detailed discussion of

what happened in certain blocks. This should complement rather than overlap with

the land alienation quantitative study.

Existing research

There are some gaps in research about 1890s Maori land legislation and its impact on

the nature of the title the court provided. Research placed before the Tribunal has

provided good coverage of the origins of the Native Land Court in the 1862-1865

period. In particular, research for the Turanga (Gisborne), Hauraki, CNI and

Whanganui inquiries mentioned above focuses strongly on the changes made to the

type of title provided by the court under the Native Land Act 1873. The Tribunal’s

Hauraki Report does provide some analysis of the legislation for the 1880s and

1890s. Alan Ward’s early research report Whanganui ki Maniapoto briefly

summarises national and Rohe Potae specific legislation for this period. In addition,

there is a considerable body of academic research on the Liberal Government and its

land settlement and Native affairs policies which could be used to fill out the

background to policy and legislation. Richard Boast’s recent book, Buying the Land,

Selling the Land: Government and Maori Land in the North Island 1865 – 1921 has a

strong focus on the 1880s and 1890s. Articles by Tom Brooking in the New Zealand

Journal of History, David Hamer’s study of Liberal politics and a recent thesis on

Liberal Government Native policy by Nicola Blackburn appear to be particularly

useful.101 The CFRT Maori land legislation manual is a good place to start identifying

relevant legislation from this period.102

101 Tom Brooking, ‘ “Busting Up the Greatest Estate of All: Liberal Maori Land Policy 1891-1911’, NewZealand Journal of History, April 1992, vol. 26 No. 1, pp 78-98; ‘Use it of Lose it: Unravelling the landDebate in Late Nineteenth Century New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of History, October 1996, vol. 30,No. 2, pp 141-162; David Hamer, The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891-1912, AucklandUniversity Press, Auckland, 1988, and Nicola Blackburn, ‘An Ambivalent Agency: The administration ofNative affairs by the Liberal government, 1893 – 1906’, MA thesis, Massey University, 1997102 Heather Bassett, Rachel Steel & David Williams (for CFRT), Te Maori Land Legislation Manual: TePuke Aho Hangahanga mo nga Ture Whenua Maori, CFRT, 1994


118

As already mentioned the Tribunal’s report and research reports for the Turanga

(Gisborne), Hauraki and CNI inquiries examine issues relating to the nature of title

provided by the court and its impact on hapu and iwi ability to retain, use and manage

their land/resources. These reports also consider the strategies employed by the

Crown in purchasing Maori land in those districts.

Part one of Marr’s Rangahaua Whanui report on the Rohe Potae has three chapters on

Crown purchasing in the inquiry district. This includes a chapter on the overall

framework including discussion of the Native Land Court process, the influence of

Government officials and the Government’s policy and the legislative framework.

There is an overview chapter discussing patterns and characteristics of the Crown’s

land purchasing in the district in the 1890s. This chapter includes discussion of the

Crown tactics, the interface between the court and the purchasing officers, the

pressures of debt and costs and the effect of Crown pre-emption on the setting of

purchase prices. There is also some material on the reserves policy for sellers. The

third chapter contains a more detailed discussion of how this worked in practice for

the Taorua and Wharepuhunga blocks. Marr’s Waimarino report also provides an

extended study of Crown purchasing in the Waimarino block.

Berghan’s block narratives set out the basic facts for the purchasing of each block in

the inquiry district.

Research needed

Overview of Native Land Court activity and the type of title provided by the court in

the district, 1890-1907;

Summary of secondary sources on nature of title provided by the court, 1890-1907;

Supplementary primary research on the nature of title provided by the court;

Primary research into the impact of title on ability of whanau, hapu, iwi and

individuals to use and control their land/resources in this district after 1890 (selected

blocks), e.g. nature of interests, succession, partition, mechanisms for community

control;

Overview of purchasing of Maori land in the district by the Crown, 1890-1907;


119

Summary of legislation and policy relating to Crown pre-emption from secondary

sources (including its impact on ability of Maori to lease and otherwise deal with

land/resources);

Supplementary primary research on legislation and policy relating to Crown pre-

emption etc.;

Summary of secondary sources on the impact of Crown pre-emption on the price paid

for Maori land;

Supplementary primary research on how prices were set and varied in this district and

hapu and iwi response to this (general sources and for selected blocks);

Summary of secondary sources on impact of court costs, survey costs and other

charges on hapu and iwi ability to retain their land/resources;

Summary of legislative provision for court costs, survey costs and other charges;

Primary research into the court costs, survey costs and other charges and their impact

on hapu and iwi decisions about their land/resources in this district (general sources

and for selected blocks);

Summary of secondary sources on Crown purchasing tactics and hapu and iwi

responses to these in this district;

Overview of protective measures in Native land legislation (restrictions on alienation,

reserves for sellers/non-sellers, protection including the Trust Commissioners) and

the protective role of the court;

Supplementary primary research into restrictions on alienation in this district;

Supplementary primary research into reserves for sellers/non-sellers in this district;

Supplementary primary research into protection from fraud including the Trust

Commissioners in this district;

Summary of secondary sources on extent of confusion about what the Crown had

acquired and what remained in Maori ownership by 1907; and

Supplementary primary research into confusion about ownership of land/resources by

1907.


120





calculated based on 5 full-time days per week:


Overview of Native Land Court activity and the type of title

provided by the court in the district, 1890-1907:

Maori Land Court minute book statistical analysis

Compiling data from Maori Land Court minute book

index

Summarise Annual reports by officers in Native districts

on progress of the Native Land Court

Summarise Berghan narratives on progress of Native

Land Court

Estimated time for drafting this section of the chapter

3

3

3

4

4

Summary of secondary sources on nature of title provided

by the court, 1890-1907

3

Supplementary primary research on the nature of title

provided by the court:

Statutes & regulations



4

5

5

Overview of purchasing of Maori land in the district by the

Crown, 1890-1907:

Annual reports by officers in Native districts on

purchasing

Returns of land purchased and leased

Stout-Ngata Commission report and papers

Land Tenure maps

3

4

4

2

5


121


Summary of legislation and policy relating to Crown pre-

emption

4

Supplementary primary research on legislation and policy

relating to Crown pre-emption

Statutes and regulations



4

5

5

Summary of secondary sources on the impact of Crown pre-

emption on the price paid for Maori land

2

Summary of secondary sources on impact of court costs,

survey costs and other charges

2

Summary of legislative provision for court costs, survey

costs and other charges:

2

Summary of secondary sources on Crown purchasing tactics

and hapu and iwi response to these in this district

2

Overview of protective measures in Native land legislation

restrictions on alienation,

reserves for sellers/non-sellers,

protection from fraud including the Trust

Commissioners

5

Summary of secondary sources on extent of confusion about

what the Crown had acquired and what remained in Maori

ownership by 1907

1

Primary research into the impact pressures and protective

measures on ability to retain, use and control land

Berghan blocks narratives

Annual reports by officers in Native districts

Petitions

BAAZ (survey office files)

MA-MLP files

5

5

7

10

10


122

Registers at Archives NZ, Auck


Block order and correspondence files


Te reo Maori sources

5

10

8

7

5

Total estimate time for research and first draft of

chapter

151 days (30 weeks & 1 day)

Research assistance projects

Work by a research assistant could contribute substantially to a number of the tasks listed

in the timeframe above. These include:

Maori Land Court minute book statistical analysis (3-5 days);

Compiling data from Maori Land Court minute book index (3-5 days); and

Tabulating restrictions on alienation, survey and court costs, successions and

partitions from various registers at Archives NZ, Auckland (5 days).


123

Chapter 6: Recommendations

Introduction

This chapter summarises conclusions drawn in the body of the report about structure of

the proposed report and the estimated timeframe for its completion. This chapter also sets

out briefly a number of options for resourcing the main research commission. It should be

noted that the timeframes indicated are estimates for how long it is likely to take a sole

researcher to complete a single comprehensive examination of the many issues identified.

If choices are made which narrow the scope of the research and/or allow the work to be

divided amongst two or more researchers and/or research assistants this timeframe could

be reduced.

Chapter outline

It is suggested that a nineteenth century lands report for Te Rohe Potae inquiry be

commissioned following the structure that has been set out in this scoping report. In

summary the main chapter heading will be:

Introduction

Chapter 1: Early European contact and non-Government Land/Resource Transactions,

prior to 1862

Chapter 2: Early Government contact annd Crown land/resource transactions to 1860

Chapter 3: The introduction of new land legislation and the Native Land Court to the

district, 1865-1883

Chapter 4: the Native Land Court System in the Rohe Potae, 1886-1890

Chapter 5: Land titles and land/resource transactions in the inquiry district, 1890-

1907

Conclusion


124

In addition, I recommend that, a separate report identifying the land returned to Maori by

the Compensation Court after 1866 in the Te Akau block and in the other areas

conditionally included in the inquiry district north of the Punui River be commissioned.

This report should trace the title history of each piece of land until it passed from Maori

ownership. It will be important to consider the impact that Crown granting the land to

individuals and the form of title conferred had on the ability of Maori to retain, use and

control their land. A separate report is recommended because identifying this land will be

time consuming and, experience of the Compensation Court elsewhere in the country

suggests that the land was Crown granted to individual Maori by the Compensation Court

rather than passing through the Native Land Court as the land in much of the rest of the

inquiry district did.

I recommend against commissioning a separate report to cover blocks in the northern area

of the inquiry district (figure 7). There are good reasons for wanting to include discussion

about land in this area as part of an overview report. The three blocks purchased by the

Crown north of Aotea Harbour in the 1850s should be examined alongside other 1850s

Crown purchases at Mokau, Awakino and Harihari. All of these purchases were part of a

Crown purchasing programme in this district and to study Crown actions in relation to

these particular blocks would reduce the ability to see them as part of an overall Crown

agenda. They took place within four years of each other and were carried out by John

Rogan under the instruction of Donald McLean. However, the small blocks of land that

lie within the boundaries of these purchases can be dealt with by ensuring that the

researcher explores how these blocks came about – either as reserves or exclusions from

the original purchase or blocks created by the court in the 1880s and 1890s. The two

blocks that lie outside the Aotea block but inside 1884 railway area should be examined

as case studies. Similarly, the blocks on the northern shore of the Aotea Harbour could be

dealt with by selecting some as case studies. Examining these blocks in the same report

that looks at blocks with the aukati would enable these blocks to be compared and

contrasted with blocks inside the RohePotae (Aotea) block.


125

Estimated project timeframes

This section draws together the timeframe estimates from each chapter into a single

project plan and timetable. Those estimates were for research and writing a rough first

draft. The timeframe below adds time for rewriting and rethinking that draft, for the draft

to be read and commented on by the project supervisor and reworked and for the draft

report to go through a quality assurance process (QA) and to be edited and formatted for

filing.

Chapter 1: Early European contact and non-Government

Land/Resource Transactions, prior to 1862


Overview of the nature of Maori authority 5

Summary on impact of musket wars 3

Summary on impact of new economic opportunities 4

Summary on impact of skills, technologies and ideas

introduced by missionaries

3

Supplementary primary research into missionary influences 5

Summary of secondary sources on early non-old land claim

transactions (local histories)

4

Supplementary primary research into early non-old land claim

transactions

4

Summary of old land claims policy and process 3

Summary of old land claims block narratives from Berghan’s

report

2

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land

claims from the OLC case files at Archives NZ, Wellington.

8

Primary research into the nature and outcome of old land

claims from reports, deeds, correspondence and other archival

sources.

9


126

Total estimate time for researching and drafting chapter 1 50 days (10 weeks)

Chapter 2: Early Government contact annd Crown

land/resource transactions to 1860


Primary research for account of early Crown contact 6

Summary of Crown purchasing policy and practice from

secondary sources5

Supplementary primary research on Crown purchasing policy

and practice in the inquiry district4

Summary of Berghan’s narratives for each transaction 4

Supplementary primary research to clarify the number and

nature of these transactions7

Primary research into the negotiations for each transaction and

their outcome10

Primary research into the creation and history of the Native

reserves in each transaction5

Primary research into the disposal of land from these

transaction10

Total estimated time for researching and drafting chapter 2 51 days (10 weeks & 1 day)

Chapter 3: The introduction of new land legislation and the

Native Land Court to the district, 1865-1883


Primary research on leases and other arrangements inside and

outside the aukati:

Annual reports from the district (AJHR)

Maori population census reports 1878 & 1881 (AJHR)

3

1


127


Manuscript sources related to leases

Searancke papers



1

3

8

3

5

Summary of secondary sources on the reopening of Kawhia

Harbour

1

Supplementary primary research on the reopening of Kawhia

Harbour:

Reports and correspondence in AJHR

Reports and correspondence in BPP

Newspapers sources (CFRT index and document bank)

Photographs


2

2

1

1

5

Summary of Native land legislation and its impact on the


2

Summarise Parsonson’s article on the giving of evidence in the

Native Land Court

1

Identify blocks outside the aukati that went through the Native

Land Court prior to 1883 and document Maori experience of

those hearings:

Maori Land Court minute book index


Newspaper sources


1

10

1

7

Primary research into applications and other inquiries to the

court for land inside the aukati prior to 1883:

Annual reports of the district officers

Native Land Court applications registers, 1865-1883

Correspondence file re applications, 1880-1884

2

2

1


128

Survey office files for blocks where early applications were

made (BAAZ files, Archives NZ, Auck)


3

5

Total estimated time for researching and drafting chapter 3 71 days (14 weeks & 1 day)

Chapter 4: the Native Land Court System in the Rohe Potae,

1886-1890


Primary research into leases and other arrangements:

Returns of land purchased and leased (AJHR)




Rees-Carroll Commission 1891 – published report and

evidence

Rees-Carroll Commission 1891 – archives material

Mokau file at Pukeariki Museum, New Plymouth


2

2

4

1

1

2

1

5

Summary of Maori land legislation and its impact on the


4

Supplementary primary research on 1886-1890 Native land

legislation:

Statutes

Regulations



2

1

3

5

Overview of the activities in the inquiry district from 1886 to

1890:

Annual reports of Officers in Native districts (AJHR)


2

4


129

Stout-Ngata Commission report, 1907 (AJHR)

Berghan block narratives for the inquiry

Statistics generated from Maori Land Court Minute Book

index


1

3

2

5

Summary of Berghan’s block narrative on the 1886 sittings of

the court

1

Supplementary primary research about hapu and iwi

engagement with the court:


Maori Land Court Block Order files

Judge Mair’s papers




7

7

10

2

3

10

Summary of secondary sources on the delay to the Crown’s

purchasing programme

1

Supplementary primary research into the delay to the Crown’s

purchasing programme:



MA-MLP files, especially general ones

W H Grace papers

G T Wilkinson papers

John Balance papers


2

4

5

5

5

2

5

Total estimated time for researching and drafting chapter 4 122 days (24 weeks & 2

days)

Chapter 5: Land titles and land/resource transactions in the

inquiry district, 1890-1907


130


Overview of Native Land Court activity and the type of title

provided by the court in the district, 1890-1907:

Maori Land Court minute book statistical analysis

Compiling data from Maori Land Court minute book index

Summarise annual reports by Officers in Native districts on

progress of the Native Land Court

Summarise Berghan narratives on progress of Native Land

Court


3

3

3

4

4

Summary of secondary sources on nature of title provided by

the court, 1890-1907

3

Supplementary primary research on the nature of title provided

by the court:

Statutes & regulations



4

5

5

Overview of purchasing of Maori land in the district by the

Crown, 1890-1907:

Annual reports by Officers in Native districts on purchasing

Returns of land purchased and leased

Stout-Ngata Commission report and papers

Land Tenure maps


3

4

4

2

5

Summary of legislation and policy relating to Crown pre-

emption

4

Supplementary primary research on legislation and policy

relating to Crown pre-emption

Statutes and regulations



4

5

5


131

Summary of secondary sources on the impact of Crown pre-

emption on the price paid for Maori land

2

Summary of secondary sources on impact of court costs,

survey costs and other charges

2

Summary of legislative provision for court costs, survey costs

and other charges:

2

Summary of secondary sources on Crown purchasing tactics

and hapu and iwi response to these in this district

2

Overview of protective measures in Native land legislation

restrictions on alienation,

reserves for sellers/non-sellers,

protection from fraud including the Trust Commissioners

5

Summary of secondary sources on extent of confusion about

what the Crown had acquired and what remained in Maori

ownership by 1907

1

Primary research into the impact pressures and protective

measures on ability to retain, use and control land

Berghan blocks narratives

Annual reports by Officers in Native districts

Petitions

BAAZ (survey office files)

MA-MLP files

Registers at Archives NZ, Auck


Block order and correspondence files


Te reo Maori sources

5

5

7

10

10

5

10

8

7

5

Total estimate time for research and first draft of chapter 151 days (30 weeks & 1 day)


132

Rewriting 80 days (16 weeks)

Reading and feedback from project supervisor 10 days (2 weeks)

Reworking following feedback 30 days (6 weeks)

Reading and feedback from QA (distributed to parties for

comment)

15 days (3 weeks)

Post-QA editing 25 days (5 weeks)

Formatting, editing and proof-reading for filing 10 days (2 weeks)

Total estimated time for completing commissioned report 614 DAYS (122 weeks & 4

days)

Resourcing

The main report

It is clear from the estimated time frame and itemised research task list above that the

time that a single researcher would take to complete the whole report would be

unacceptably long. The figure above presumes a five-day working week but does not

factor in time for office tasks, leave, sick leave or any contingency. There are several

options that would shorten this timeframe and reduce the workload of the researcher

while still preserving the continuity of thought and style throughout the report.

Option 1: Divide the research tasks between a commissioned researcher and a number of

research assistance. This has the advantage of keeping the report as a single authored

document and allowing some of the mechanical data gathering and analysis to be

devolved to research assistance while the commissioned researcher gets on with making

sense of the material supplied and writing. However, the research assistant project would

need to be carefully defined, time would need to be spend instructing and supervising

their work if this is to be successful. If this becomes the responsibility of the

commissioned researcher the time lost in doing these tasks has the potential to reduce any

time gained by employing research assistance.

Option 2: Divide the research between two commissioned researchers and a number of

research assistance. The report falls relatively neatly into two parts – the early private and


133

government transactions prior to 1860 and the later Native Land Court and Crown

purchasing period from 1865 to 1907. Though the length of the two projects would be

uneven, with the second clearly requiring more time than the first. This would be an

effective way to divide the workload and reduce the total time the project takes. If both

commissioned researchers were committed to pursuing the central theme of the changing

nature of Maori authority over land and resources and the impact of various events and

policies on that the final report, though authored by two individuals, would be unified.

With a research assistant available to each researcher the time required by each of the

authors would be reduced further.

Suggested research assistant project

Early private and Government transactions prior to 1860:

Identify and document traders and settlers from NZ war compensation cases;

Extract and summarise any material pre-1861 on Mokau, Kawhia, Whaingaroa to do

with settler-Maori land transactions in CFRT newspaper document bank;

Collecting Crown purchase deeds and maps and providing an analysis of price paid,

reserves set aside and some comment on consistence of te reo and English terms used

in the deeds;

Locate and copy all Native reserves schedules and provide an analysis of which

reserves from this district are shown and what happened to them;

Locate and copy all NZ gazette notices for land in these transactions; and

Using the Crown grants registers in Archives NZ, Auckland, trace any land granted to

settlers or Maori within the areas involved in these transactions.

The Native Land Court and Crown purchasing, 1865-1907

Go through the Searancke papers and extract any evidence of cases where the

Resident Magistrate dealt with disputes between Maori or between Maori and

Europeans over leases or other arrangements.

Using the court applications registers put all details of applications to the court into

spreadsheets for areas inside and outside the aukati and provide a summary of who


134

filed these applications and why and anything that is known about how they were

subsequently dealt with by the Crown.

Statistical analysis of locations, number of sitting days, judges, type of hearing etc

from the Maori Land Court Minute Book index (pre-1913)

Compiling data from Maori Land Court minute book index for particular blocks

Tabulating restrictions on alienation, survey and court costs, successions and

partitions from various registers at Archives NZ, Auckland.

37

48

81

Margaret Makariti Pangia (original claimant, ITnnot=lriroll

IOkahukura Block Ideceased); Alec Phillips

Akapita and Te Waitai IWhanoanui Ki land several others

ali Koata (ki IWhaingaroa), Kangi Kahui,

- .. Tahau, Ngati Te Ngali Pukoro, Ngati

lkaunahi, Ngati Tira, - .. Heke, Ngati Rua

Ngati Hounuku, and

ICiaimants contend that the Crown did not adhere to agreements effected with the Rohe That sUiveys and laws and the application thereof under which the Court

were made were contrary to the Treaty, and broke tribal rangatiratanga. Further, Illn;;::lIlthnri~prl survey and individualisation of blocks with the Rohe P6tae breached the

of 'undisturbed

Claim to have been prejudicially affected by Crown's failure to recognise and protect ~itiratanga; imposition of NLC and European Tenure; Crown break up of Rohe Potae;

alienation of a substantial portion of Ngati Haua asset; Crown breach of Rohe Potae Compact and Aotea Agreement (2) It is claimed that the Native Townships Act 1895 and

actions taken under it (the townships of otorohanga, Te KUiti, Taumarunui, Hihitahi, Utiku) were contrary to the principles of the Treaty and there was substantial land and Dreiudice to Maori.

(1) Claim to have been prejudicially affected by Crown's failUre to recognise and protect rangitiratanga; imposition of NLC and European Tenure; Crown break up of Rohe Potae; ;'Ilipn;'ltinn of a substantial portion of Ngati Haua asset; Crown breach of Rohe Potae

Aotea

(1) Claimants allege to be prejudicially afftected by the Crown taking Karioi Allotment No. 15 as a pilot and signal station in 1883, the proclamation was revoked and the land in the Raglan County Council. Claimants dispute the survey boundaries of the Pilot Reservel

note that it conatins Waahi Tapu and Pa sites which should be returned. (2) The includes Karioi Native Reserve lands (Te Pepepe 170jWhangape) which were

to be inalienable, but the interests of the orginal grantees in the block have the use of Maori Affairs

prejudicially affected by Crown's failure to Irangitiratanga; imposition of NLC and European Tenure; Crown break up of Rohe Potae;

of a substantial portion of Ngati Haua asset; Crown breach of Rohe Potae Aotea

BOULTOL

Text Box

Appendix 1: Registered claims in Te Rohe Potae inquiry district with issues relating to land in the nineteenth century

389

Ngati Mahana Claim

and claim

Claims make specific reference to political engagement in the Rohe Potae and Te Rohe compact; (2) Assert Crown breaches over a wide range of issues including in

to land alienation, purch.asing policies and practices, survey liens, Native

claimants contend that the Crown's acquisition of the Rohe P5tae constitutes a breach the Treaty of Waitangi, as well as a breach of the Rohe P5tae agreement. The

claimants also allege that the Crown's subsequent actions following the acquisition of the Rohe P5tae further breached the Rohe P5tae Agreement. The statement of claim does not

what these actions were.

claimants allege that the Crown breached the Treaty of Waitangi and the Rohe P5tae in its dealinqs with the acquisition of Maori Lands in that area.

----~

r

443

478

483

535

Ngati Maniapoto and

Claim

. Sam Rangi, I Matanga Hepi, Elthia

Ranui Te Kapu8, Smith, Peter for Ngati

Haar

I Mereana Bidois and

Wetere

Raukawa

-., Rorar

Ngati

Nothing specific but Claims Summary lists Rohe Potae agreement in 'key words

claimant alleges that the owner/shareholders of Pukepoto Farm Trust have been Iprejudicially affected by the taking of the land to pay surveying fees. [Unclear whether Ipukepoto (pt Rangitoto

to 19thc

The claimants believe that the survey of the Waiaraia block, done on behalf of the in 1891, wrongfully included part of the Umukaimata land. They allege that this

I resulted in the loss of 11,000 acres of the south-west corner of the Umukaimata block. (2) of 2r500 acres was awarded to the owners in 1915 but the owners only

!received 2,465 acres and a further 500 acres of this was taken in l1eu of payment for The balance of the land was apparently awarded by Judge Palmer to the owners

No. 5r instead of the rightful owners. Parts of the Umukaimata and all of the were subsequently acquired under the 'North Island Main Trunk Railway

1886', but not used for this

is a broad claim which relates to various historical and contemporary grievances Ir-nnrprning Ngati Maniapoto lands and resources in the South Waikato and King Country

The historical claims relate to the loss of tina rangatiratanga and loss of lands

Ithrou9h confiscation. The claim also relates to other lands taken for survey charges, pastoral leases, catchment control, roads, forestry, reserves, schools, churches, post

stations and radio and television stations.

Umukaimata

551

556

577

587 Pou Haerati and

Moeroa

Ngati Rora hapO of Ngati

provided is

- .. Te Puta hapO, Ngati

of surveys on specified Kakepuku blocks, alienation of land through non M

liens. _ _. resources including the

lumukaimata block through acts, policies and legislation of the Crown. This is Similar to it concerns land taken in Dayment of survey liens.

but claims lists "Blocks' and 'alienation of land' in words

claim concerns actions and omissions of the Crown which have prejudicially affected land and resources of Ngati Te Putu hapO of Ngati Maniapoto. These include the

Rangitoto Tuhua

of land in payment of survey liens, the destruction cjf tikanga Maori over the blocks placing them through the Land Court and other Crown agencies, land taken for ITapUiwahine

and forests. as well as schools.

general claim concerns legislation and Crown acts and omissions which it is claimed /Marakopa; Kinohaku Block prejudicially affected the lands and resources of Ngati Te Kanawa and Ngati Te Peehi (between Marokopa and

I

Maika Land 614

Rora Claim IPura Turner

RererahulKawe Kehu Wehi;

729

claim concerns the actions of the Crown in relation to land at Te Maikar Kawhia

I Harbour. The claimants allege that the Crown granted title to the northern and southern Dortions of Parawai Maori Township to certain Maori owners instead of Klng Tawhiao. The

ceded the land in question to the Crown in the late 19th/early 20th centuries for Itownship development. The township failed and not all the land given was returned. The

returned was returned in a condition which made effective utilisation difficult if not limpossibie. When the Crown chose to return some of the land it did so in the 'condition of

failed sub-division and with perpetual leases over a number of the blocks that effectively the owner from

Firstr the claimants allege that the Crow'n breached the 'sacred agreement' known as Rohe P6tae Compact in relation to the continuation of the Crown's Main Trunk Railway

and no liquor being allowed into the Rohe P6tae. (2) As well as lands taken for surveys, railways, pastoral leases, it is also alleged that the Crown took land for the natural

Rora hapO of Ngati Iresources below the surface. Resource management and the conservation estate are also included.

Rereahu, Ngati

The claimant alleges that the Ngati Rereahu hapG have been prejudicially affected by

II~giSlation and by acts and poliCies of the Crown, particularly in relation to the Maraeroa C block. As with other claims in this district, the Crown's alleged breach of the Rohe P6tae rnmn.::Jrt is seen as a breach of the Treaty of Waitangi. (2) Other issues at claim are

other King Country claims, including land taken for survey l1ens, for land forests, ~~ ~ ... _ .. _~I ~& _ ...... _ •• ..l:" __ ~ resources and erosion of

claim concerns the acquisition of the Rohe P6tae by the Crown, as well as the Ithorised surveying and individualisation of land within the Rangitoto Tuhua rohe. included as lands wrongfully acquired, are Crown Forest lands in this area. The

irl,;m,nts also state that the policy of shifting Maori from their land was contrary to the as Maori wished to retain their land, and this was not the policy exercised in to other non-Maori British subjects. Thepolicy of reserves is also alleged to be a

as it resulted in exclusion from access to the economy and resources of the area. claimants also sate that tribal lands were taken through the Supreme Court decision

to Pouakani.

. Native T,,"' .... <-hi ....

Pukenui No.2 Block, Kuiti No. 2B, and No. including Te Kuiti

784

788

827

---~----------------------------------------------------------------------'-------------------------------------

Claim

Puhi Paparahi (deceased); Stephen Walsh

Gloria Kereama Baker (replaced 1.1(b)); Rodney Graham (added

Ormsby, Aliaria Ormsby Takiari, Wikiperi Hiriaki,

Barbara Ngawai Taite Marsh, Wareriana Ngauru, Muiora Barry,

- .. Kinohaku hapO of

Kauwhata

Claim I Patrick I nllie T",,,lnr

Moana Rotoaira and Other Resources Claim

Mahuta, Lawrence Bradshaw, MikilNgati Whakamaruangi,

Thomas Moke Noati Tainui

IWioaraki Allen Pakau

Ideceased) ; Whetu Paku been

Poinga and Alec IPhillips, Leonard Hiraka

Hikairo Erikson, Heta Konui, Te

Konui and Rawinia Komui-Paul (added

consolidation for rinn;:,1 Park Inquiry

actively encouraged disputes over ownership through the Native Land Act 1862 Land Court.

claim relates to the boundary between Ngati Maniapoto and Ngati Tarna, and the settlement negotiations between Ngati Tama and the Crown. The claimants allege that Crown has used its various processes to acquire and/or distribute taonga to other iwi claimants and have failed to consult with, take into account, and provide for, the nrpservation of the land and boundaries of Ngati Maniapoto. This includes the failure of

Crown to investigate and inquire into historic facts as confirmed in the 1995 Taranaki

Failure to establish correct rights holders for Crown purchase 1854 (Aotea block)! of waahi taou, oarticularly by shellinq (land used as a

. Hikairo rohe in the amended claim appears to lie outside the Te Rohe Potae District boundary, but within the Rohe Potae District if refering to the wider area describel

the 1883 petition; Interests expressed in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry are therefore largely in of alleged Crown breaches ofTe Rohe Potae Compact (5.3); Overall they cite to recognise and protect Ngati Hikairo rangitiratanga and customs within the

I compact agreement (lito the point that Ngati Hikairo are minimised and relegated to being a hapu of Tuwharetoa" s.3.4)); Issues include the loss of political power; distortion of rf'irltinnshios with iwi within compact; Ngati Hikairo has become fragmented and

'Seeks inter alia to be aggregated into TRP Inquiry' (Memo Wai 898#3.1.175); concerns Te Rohe Potae Comoact. Recommend

IMarakopa; Kinohaku Block (between Marokopa and

Southern Waikato including Rangiaohia, and possibly northern TRP

Mohakatino block;

longarue land blocks: Te KawakawaAl, Rangitoto

76B! Rangitoto 76B1.

block; Aotea . Aotea block

I Mereai"na Armstrong, Matekino Roa, Thomas

Jocelyn Tautari, Nllliams. Gayle

Rauputu, Te Atamaira Rauputu, Rukuwai Taitoko, Taik] Rauputu and James

Wi

Kopua Marae nmittee and Ngati Unu

Ngati Kahu of Ngati I Maniapoto Iwi .. Part of issue appears to be 'that we are prejudicially affected by enactments, policies,

practices, acts and omissions of the Crown in respect of the ownership, management and Mountain and the KakeDuku Block:

IComprehensive issues relating to land acquisition and administration with respect to the Claim issues also include leases in perpetuity, surplus land disposal by

land taken by local

Kopua 1, Waiwhakaata, Pirongia West, Puketarata

Blocks

Karuotewhenua, Aorangi, Umukaimata-Waiaraia, Mangaroa-Tokirima,

Firstly, the claimants claim that legislation and Crown policy in relation to native land Rangitoto-TuhU8,

IPrejUdiCiallY affected the claimants and eventually left Ngati Rungaterangi, Ngati Te Mangapapa, Mohakatino-PMF'mate and Ngati Wairoa landless. The claimants also claim that prices paid for Maori Paraninihi, Reu Reu,

in comparison with prices paid for European land were grossly inequitable. (2) Mangaawakino, Awakino, ISF'C":ondly, the claimants claim that the Awakino Purchase of 1854 was prejudicial to them Waimarino, Purapura,

their tupuna as the acquisition was completed for £lS30 without consultation with or Mahoenui 1,2,3 & 4, Rungaterangi, Ngati Iconsent from all the owners. The claimants also claim that the riparian rights to all bunutai Reserve,

Ngati Waiora vyaterways, lakes, rivers and harbours bordering the blocks of land have not been ceded. Poutama, Te Waro A,

Ongarue Recreation Reserve, Public works takings, the Ongarue river and tributaries, of the Rohe P5tae compact re sale of liquor in the district, land taken for survey.

ASOC of November 2002 detailed specific blocks, namely Rangitoto Tuhua (various Kokomiko, Maramataha, Waihuka, Te Tarake SS, Ketemiringi, Hurakia and Ohura

I Rangitoto Tuhua; Kokomiko: Maramataha;

Tarake SS; Hurakia

948

965

987

Reg Te Uira Naera, Karen Searancke of Ngati Hinewai and Ngati

Rahurahu of Maniapoto Iwi and descendants of Ngati Pai

Ngati Kaputuhi of ati Maniapoto (origi imants 13 Aug 2001

lapplication); Rawiri Bidois, Piripi Kapa, of Ngati Unu & I descendents of Ngati Kanawa, Ngati Taumata

Maniapoto (original imants 15 Aug 2001

application). Two Tokanui and applications taken "Chanoa Land together (refer Wai 948

Claim

Rangitoto-Tuhua Land Blocks Claim

Hiraka Erickson .beth Te

I Kanawa (Ngati Urunumia). Teatu Kohu

; Ngati Hinewai Ngati Te Rahurahu; all

- of Maniapoto Iwi. of Nga Hapu 0 te Raki

Pouroto hapO of - .. Tuwharetoa ki

[Ngati Hikairo ki

Ngati Hinewai, Ngati

of Tokanui No: 1, No: 1 D, No: 1 A, No: 11 for survey liens and under Public Works

Interests expressed in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry are therefore largely in terms of alleged Crown breaches of Te Rohe Potae Compact (s.3); Overall they cite Crown failure to recognise and protect Ngati Hikairo rangitiratanga and customs within the compact ::lnrppmpnt Ctto the point that Ngati Hikairo are minimised and relegated to being a hapu

s.3.4)); Issues include the loss.of political power; distortion of iwi within comoact: Noati Hikairo has become

Matakore, Ngati Alleges that lands around Otorohanga were wrongfully taken for a 500 acre Native Parewaeono, Ngati township under the Native Township Act of 1895. Alleges land were then disposed of Rungaterangi, Ngati Taiwa improperly. See also Wai 472. Claim also alleges loss of traditional resources and sites of and Nqati Urunumia.

states as 'Maori' claim refers to the of R-T block. See also Wai Wai446

IOtorohanaa Native

991

998

Karena, Meri Walters, Monty Te Kanawa, Peter Haupokia, Mason Haupokia, Tony

Klnohaku WestlHaUPOkia, Maxine Block Claim Moanaroa

Neha King IColmtrv Lands

Manunui

Claimants say that they are direc;t descendants of original land owners and that land was wrongfully alienated due to native land policies of successive governments. Claim lists a series of acts. Claimants are seeking as relief return of former SOE land, Crown land,

land etc.

Mntnknrp::INLC, survey liens, questionable debt, Crown purchasing agents, lack of due consideration tribal sustenance and maintenance of tikanga, lands taken under Acts of local

Igovernment as Crown agents, lands held under agricultura1jpastoralleasesl Crown-held leasehold lands, Crown-transferred leasehold lands, incl. All leases of perpetuity, land held as reserves, forests and parks, lands taken for public works, traditional places for harvesting and gathering of tikanga sustenance, endowment lands for churches, educationlOrahiri

communitiesI' incl. lands to sustain them, lands taken and gifted for churches, and communities

Crown introduction of NLC failing to recognise Ngati Manunui customary interests in

IMaraeroa Block including lands, estates, forests, fisheries, other properties, rivers,

of waterways, and taonga (2) Failure of Crown to ensure retention of sufficient base in Maraeroa Block for their present and future needs

West

Otorohanga, Ouruwhero,

1004

1015

1031

Herbert, Kape te IKanawa, Mike Taitoko,

Taitoko, Piko Davis, Walsh, Mavis

Kathy Te

. Hone Nikora

Rangingonge and Korokino in Ngati

rohe

Te Kaawa and . Claims on behalf of and whanau who

the direct descendants great grandfather - Te

Hauparoa (d) and - Te

(d)

not stated but assumed to be

IComprehensive range of generic issues for lands within the Te Awaroa block including purchase and public works takings of land waterways and wetlands, Native Land sUlVey liens, Waikato Maori Land Board, land administered as reselVes, forests and

parks by the Crown, endowment lands, mineral and forestry rights, lands taken by Crown compensate other iwi, Crown leaseholds including lease of perpetuity, mahinga kai etc

forma claim.

Erosion of heritage and rights to ancestral lands lands (2) Tino rargatiratanga stolen made a lauahina stock

Pakeho, Pukenui, Otorohanga,

., M5kau Mohakatino, Mohakatino Paraninihi,

I Kakepuku, Manguika, o Riri,

Awaroa Block and blocks

I .1

1044

Orahiri and Blocks Claim

Tu Ki Te Rangi ')rnnr:=Jtp(

Barry Benjamin carr and Ngamo Russell

I Interests expressed in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry are therefore largely in terms of alleged breaches of Te Rohe Potae Compact (5.3); Overall they cite Crown failure to

Huri Hokopakeke hapO recognise and protect Ngati Hikairo rangitiratanga and customs within the compact Ngati Te Ika hapO of agreement (Uto the point that Ngati Hikairo are minimised and relegated to being a hapu

-." Hikairo ki of Tuwharetoa" 5.3.4)); Issues include the loss of political power; distortion of

as 'representatives . of Ngati Maniopoto.'

IMpntion also Ngati Hikairo the following: Ngati

IHinewai, Ngati Matakore, Parewaeono, Ngati

Ngati

Tu Ki Te Rangi IIncoroorated Society on

ofthe iwi ofTe Potae: Ngati

IManiapoto, Ngati Hikairo, Tuwharetoa, Ngati

Whakatere,

iwi within comoact; Nqati Hikairo has become

I GeneriC issues associated with land alienation: NLC: leases; survey liens; tradition etc

(1) The claimant alleges that the Crown failed to live up to the partnership principle, and active protection principle of the Treaty of Waitangi. (2) In regards to the partnership ciple, the Crown failed by not recognising the authority of King Tawhaio and dealing individual iwi. The claimant also asserts that the Crown ignored King Tawhaio's

request to stop surveys, leases, land sales, road works, and the involvement of the Maori Land Court in the area. (3) In regards to the active protection principle, the Crown failed by violating article 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi which guarantees protection of taonga. The

Iclaimant defines Mana Maori motuhake and kingitanga as taonga, (4) The claimant these failures caused a loss of political, economic and SOCial control, and a loss of Te

P6tae

Otorohanga, Ouruwhero

1094

Huiputea Block Roa

ThiS claim relates to the alienation of the land and taonga of Kahuwera Mountain Rohe Potae) through the process of Native Land Court and subsequent

government land legislation. The claimants allege that the individualisation of title and eventual sale of the land has consequently denied them access to Kahuwera and its

Wairoa, Ngati Hia, natural resources. (2) The alienation of Kahuwera is alleged to be part of the wider ati Manga, and Ngati process of the 'opening up' of Rohe P5tae, which broke the governments 'Aotea 'etekawa Ki NapiNapi Agreement', (3) The claimants allege that the process of land alienation has fundamentallylKahuwera mountain (land - and Ngati Maniapoto weakened their ability to exercise tina rangatiratanga and kaitiakitanga over their people, resources within Piopio{re

Ngati Hinewai I Nga:ti Rungaterangi, Ngati Matakore, Ngati Parawaeono, Ngati Urunumia, Ngati Paretepopo, Ngati Taiwa and other hapO of the

on behalf of extended whanau of Te Maraahi Niketi, Taurangamowaho

Kohika, Pareumuroa Te Kohika and Patea Tanirau

Ngai Te Rahurahu and Paretekawa. The

waahi

__ The claimant alleges that the Crown has systematically usurped his hapO'sjiwi's tino I ranaatiratanga over their natural, -physical and spiritual resources guaranteed to them

article 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi. (2) In particular he claims that Crown action the Native Townships Act 1910, the Public Works Act 1908 and other acts caused

alienation of the iwi'sjhapO's ancestral lands, and destabilised their tikanga and of life in the HuiDutea Block.

The claim relates to land currently managed by Department of Corrections, previously as Tokanui/Waikeria Block, which is now the location of Waikeria Regional Prison

The claimants allege that the alienation of Waikeria was part of the wider process 'opening up' of Rohe P5tae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement',

consequently denying them access to Waikeria and its natural resources. (2) The claimants allege the process of land alienation has fundamentally weakened their ability to exercise tino ranaatiratanaa and kaitiakitanqa over their people; taonqa and

11

1113

IR",vmnnrl Francis MBkau

Rose Chase

I Manihera Watson Forbes fnrinin::ll claimant), Mere

Te Rohe Potae IManihera Watson Forbes Alienation

hapu, Ngati .

Hikairo

Hikairo

purchasing policies from the 18505- 19205, particularly those related to

lindividualisation of land title, which they argue, led to permanent alienation. The-claimantsl ::lC:C:PtT thic: was despite the fact that Maori custom and the law of tuku (gifting) governed

Alienation of Te Mapara and Kahuwera was part of the wider process of the 'opening of Rohe PBtae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement'; consequently

denying them access to the land and its natural resources. (2) The claimants allege that Crown purchasing policies from the 18505- 1900, particularly those related to individualisation of land title, led to permanent alienation. The claimants assert this was

the fact that Maori custom governed these transactions. (3) The claimants allege the process of land alienation has fundamentally weakened their ability to exercise

and kaitiakitanoa over their people, taonoa and waahi

an enVironmental/fisheries etc claim to Kawhia Harbour and waterways but also occupation of Kawhia around 1883, without gaining consent and Individualisation

of land (Dresumablv in blocks around

The claim relates to the alleged failure of the Crown to "protect and uphold" the Te

Mapara and Kahuwera Reserves just east of

Piopio area in central district.

PBtae Sacred Compact (Aotea agreement) of which Ngati Hikairo was a party. The Whatiwhatihoe marae. includes: a lack or recognition of tribal leadership and control; alienation of tribal The latter is on the introduction of the Native Land Court; introduction of alcohol; imposition of railway boundary of the Waikato-

_ Rohe Potae; lands taken for public works; (3) The destruction of Tainui area 500m south

/Whatiwhatihoe (4) Failure of Crown to ensure retention of sufficient tribal land. (5) The Pirongia township claimants allege that combined these failures have fundamentally weakened Ngati Hikairo (presuming on the

to exercise tina rangatiratanga and kaitiakitanga over their people, taonga and northern side ofTRP tapu. They also allege that these failures have resulted in the loss of mana and boundary but some

accounts

1115

1132

Kaipiha Block Claim

IOuruwhero Land

(1) The claimant alleges that the Crown has systematically usurped the iwi's/hapO's tina rangatiratanga over their natural physical, natural and spiritual resources guaranteed to

under article 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi. (2) In particular the claimant alleges that Crown, via the Public Works Act of 1908 and various other pieces of legislation,

alienated the hapO's/iwi's ancestral land, destabilised their tikanga and traditional way of life in the Kaipiha Block. The claimant seeks relief; in the form of an apology, Crown lands,

(1) Alienation of Otorohanga Block was part of the wider process of the 'opening up' of Rohe Potae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement', consequently denying the hapO access to the land and its natural resources. (2) Crown failure to use section 71 of

Crown Constitution Act 1852 to set aside areas in'which full Maori self-government tribal jurisdiction and law would be operative, leading to the eventual "usurping" of rangatiratanga. (3) Crown purchasing policies from the 18505- 1900, particularly

related to individualisation of land title (Native Land Court) that led to penmanent Parewaeono hapO of !alienation. The claimants assert that this was despite the fact that Maori custom governed

the law of tuku.

(1) Alienation of Ounuwhero Block was part of the wider process of the 'opening up' of . Rohe P6tae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement', consequently denying the hapO access to the land and its natural resources. (2) Crown failure to use section 71 of the Crown Constitution Act 1852 to set aside areas in which full Maori self-government and tribal jurisdiction and law would be operative, leading to the eventual "usurping" of

rangatiratanga. (3) Crown purchasing policies from the 18505- 1900, particularly related to individualisation of land title (Native Land Court) that led to permanent

:::!lipn:::!tion. The claimants assert that this was despite the fact that Maori custom governed transaelons, particularly the law oftuku. (4) In particular: Native Land Court and

subsequent attendant legislation led to large debt (survey liens and court fees) with - .. Parewaeono hapO of lend result of permanent alienation; Native Township Act of 1895 establishing Otorohanga,

and Taumarunui further individualised land.

Muraahi

Te Muraahi

(1) Alienation of the Tokonui and Pokuru Blocks was part of the wider process of the 'opening up' of Rohe P5tae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement', Iconsequently denying the hapD access to the land and its natural resources. (2) Crown

to use section 71 of the Crown Constitution Act 1852 to set aside areas in which Maori self-government and tribal jurisdiction and law would be operative, leading to the

IMuraahi,Waho, Patea and leventual "usurping" oftino rangatiratanga. (3) Crown purchasing policies from the 1850s-1900, particularly those related to individualisation of land title (Native Land Court) that led to permanent alienation. The claimants assert that this was despite the fact that Maori

these transactions, Darticularly the law of tuku. ITokanui: Pokuru

Alienation of the Aotea Block was part of the wider process of the 'opening up' of which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement', consequently denying the hapD to the land and its natural resources. (2) Crown failure to use section 71 of the Constitution Act 1852 to set aside areas in which full Maori self-government and

jurisdiction and law would be operative, leading to the eventual "usurping" of tino rangatiratanga. (3) Crown purchasing policies from the 18505- 1900, particularly those related to individualisation of land title (Native Land Court) that led to permanent

behalf of Tupuna Rewi alienation. The claimants assert that this was despite the fact that Maori custom governed Maniapoto and these transactions, particularly the law of tuku. (4) In particular: Native Land Court and

hapD within all subsequent attendant legislation led to large debt (survey liens and court fees) with IM",ni",nntn and Te Rohe end result of permanent alienation; Native Township Act of 1895 establishing otorohanga,

'" and Taumarunui further individualised land.

is a wide claim that relates to various alleged breaches of tino rangatiraitanga. The I claimants allege that the Crown undermined Maori self-government by the "opening up"

P6tae area and the violation of the Te Rohe P6tae

Block

1139

1224

1230

KetemaringiHurakia Forest Reserve Claim

and the common IWinifred Clarke Rika and jancestors of Ngati

Te Muraahi

Te Akau, Lois nahurangi and Piripdfrom tupuna

Alienation of Ketemaringi-Hurakia was part of the wider process of the 'opening up' of Potae, which broke the governments 'Aotea Agreement', consequently denying the

o access to the land and its natural resources. (2) Crown failure to use section 71 of Crown Constitution Act 1852 to set aside areas in which full Maori self-government tribal jurisdiction and law would be operative, leading to the eventual "usurping" of rangatiratanga. (3) Crown purchasing policies from the 18505- 1900, particularly

related to individualisation of land title (Native Land Court) that led to permanent :::!lipn:::!tion. The claimants assert that this was despite the fact that Maori custom governed Department of

transactions, particularly the law oftuku. (4) Native Land Court and all subsequent Conservation Forest attendant legislation led to large debt (survey liens and court fees) with the end result of Reserve, located next to

alienation Pureora Forest.

Crown introduction of NLC failing to recognise customary interests including lands, ITutemahuranoi chief of lestates, forests, fisheries, other properties, rivers, waterways, and taonga; (2) Failure of

'hapO Crown to ensure retention of sufficient lands/resource base for their present and future (NB: Claim is made in terms of lands/resources within makes no reference to TRP

Huru hapO; Ngati iwi

to a range of issues relating to Te Rohe potae negotiations including main trunk railway, Kingitanga, political engagement. Claim declares interests in wider 1883 Rohe Potae petition area particularly the Waimarino and Tuhua blocks impacted by Rohe Potae

Crown failure to protect lands, waterways, taonga and cultural spiritual values; (2) action in alienation of lands, forests and waterways; (3) Survey inconsistencies;

IConduct and acts of NLC; (5) Actions of NLC officials, Maori trustees, Registrars, Surve other officials; (6) Crown failure to protect tina rangatiratangi over waahi tapu; (7)

for Nqati Huru IHurakia: Rangitoto Tuhua

51

1255

Ngati Te . Claim

1340

Tltari Wi

IT..,r,i ... ", ... Wharekoka

Mori Shaw, Ken Houpikake

I Rautangata (original r:it'limt'lnts): Jason Koia

behalf of Ngati

On behalf of Ngati Te Ihingarangi affiliated with

(1) Ngati Urunamia are Maniapoto hapu (Wahanui Huatare was an important rangitira.) assert land interests within Rangitoto-Tuhua Block and traditional occupation in

ITaringamotu, Ongarue River and Ohura Valley regions, and Te Horongopai. (2) 5.2 refers To Rohe Potae 'Sacred' Compact. (3) Assert breaches by Crown In relation to a range issues relating to the compact including liquor! Railways, land purchasing, Native Land

1883

IKetemaringi block, Rangitoto Tuhua 38

block), 41 (Te The claim specifically identifies the practices of the Native Land Court in "fragmenting" Ana-kinakina block), 66 "subjugat[ing]" Rohe Potae, pressurising Ngati Te Ihingarangi to participate. (2) (Ngapuketurua block), 67

agencies, including Maori Land Boards, Department of Maori Affairs, Lands and (Hihitirau block), 72 Isurvevs. and DOC, are identified as sowing division amongst the remaining owners of (Otamati block), 78

Te Ihingarangi land, resulting in further Crown control of tribal assets and natural (Waimiha block), 79 I resources (taonga). (3) The acquisition of land for the North Island main trunk railway (Tapuwae block), 80 (Te

North Island Main Trunk Railway Loan Application Act 1886 .

Relating to Ngati Mahanga rohe in the lower Waipa valley (refer 3.1 in claim) and Jding Ohiapopoko block and Papahua block; (2) Spiritual, cultural, general and

Iprnnnmir loss due to Crown; (3) Kanawatanga versus rangitiratanga; (4) Land alienation

Claims make specific reference to political engagement in the Rohe Potae and Te Rohe compact; (2) Assert Crown breaches over a wide range of issues including in

to military activity, land alienation, purchasing policies and practices, survey liens, townships, local government and rates, land consolidation, public works, land

Idevelopment schemes, socio-economic issues, Crown policies relating to forests, rivers waterways, environmental management, waahi tapu. (3) Sections 3 and 6 outline

to Te Rohe Potae

Lee Ann Head

ITho_,o Heta Holden

Rewi Turner

Pita Hotu

- .. Kapatuhi; Ngati

ITamakanar RuakopiriPatutokotoko, Maringi

Sovereignty, se[f~government, jusrisdiction, tribal citizenship: Crown legislation and loolicv "designed to replace Maori self-government and law-making jurisdiction" including

to comply with the "Sacred Pact" or the "Aotea Agreement" and the Crown's to use setian 71 of the Crown constitution Act 1852." Crown replacement strategy

Maori self-government. (2) Lands alienated through land purchasing policies including individualisation of Maori interests through Native Land Court and Native townships 1895 (jncludinq Otorohanoa, Te Kuiti and Taumarunui

actions and policies have prejudicially affected them causing the land to be and encumbered with siqnificant debt".

Failure to protect the tino rangitiratanga and kaitiaki status of Maniapoto tupuna. (2)

IAlienation of ancestral lands, estates, forests, fisheries, assets, Taonga and turungawaewae. (3) Breach of the "King Country Sacred Pact, 1884" and again in 19S1

prohibition??] (4) Breeches of the prohibition of Alcohol, under Sacred Pact of the 1884.

in relation to Native Land Court land alienation

Failure to protect hapO-whenua within the rohe of Tamakana, Ruakopiri, Maringi, '-'vai - withdrawn 1.1(a)) (2) Crown failure to respect Te Rohe P5tae petition [sic

is not the pact as petition is not an agreement- Kelly]; subsequent deception and I misreoresentations with respect to surveys and the operation of the Native land Court

_ to alienation of lands (3) The encouragement to some chiefs of the upper IWhanganui to withdraw their lands from Rohe P5tae and make separate applications to

IUekaha All and part Al0 blocks. Appear to be

the Waitomo area. information

Tuhua

r

1396

1408

1409

1435

Taitoko, Maria Liz Taitoko, coastal hapG of Ngati Te

Taitoko, Mikaere Urupae, Ngatl Akailma Pat Taitoko, Gail puhia, Ngati Te Kanawa,

ITaitoko, Zekes Hohia, Ngati Uekaha, Ngati Daphne Senikaucava, Kinohaku, Ngati Peehi, Graham Derrick, Pita Ngati Ngutu, Ngati Pare te

Tiare Waaka kawa, Ngati Rangi, Ngati

Incorporation!Koromete, Nani Waiata Koromete.

Rara Evans, Te Pare Kaui Joseph, Kevin

ITregoweth, Garry Mahuri Paid-liti, Wee Maag, Pita Hotu and Raewyn

Monica Matamua

Ngati Toa Rangitira, Te Ra, Ngati Tamahau8, Ngati ki Kawhia.

the owners of AS block

Claims tinorangltiratanga, mana Maori motuhake and supeme authority was usurped the New Zealand Crown residing in Wellington failing to uphold the duty it inhereited

British Crown to protect Maori interests (2) Crown has violated numerous 71 of NZ Constitution Act 1852

ITh"'''' +-h", Crown acted shares in claimants' land.

Failure to pay compensation for lands taken for Main Trunk Railway line, (2) HapD not in Native Land Court processinq in relation to Ranqitoto-Tuhua block

Native Land Court individuals to sell our lands

concerns a wide range of alleged treaty breaches including and in relation to: land liens

I HalJturu West; Te Kauri; B; Turoto;

E; Te Motu Island; Orahiri; Rantitoto Tuhua; Maraetaua; Puketerata; Oruwhero;

'Te

Pakeho;

Parininihi; Kakepuku; Mangauika; Uekaha; Poko-o-Riri; Whakairoiro:

Tuhua

in the Kawhia

Rangitototo-Tuhua, Maraeroa, Tanringamotu

Kawhia, Pukemakoiti, Waimiha, Te Tarake, Kokomiko and Te

1439

1447

1455

1469

_ Charman, Jack

Icunningham, Rangitiepa Huriwaka and Te Ra

Native Land Court, (2) Failure to ensure Ngati Hinemihi retained sufficient lands for and future needs

issues in claims summary but key words indicate 'TRP Agreemen~; lands; railway; survey liens; NLCi public works; tradition

issues in claims

West

I Ranaitata Tuhua black 77

ISouthern Waikato


136


154

Appendix 2: Summary of Te Rohe Potae inquiry claimant feedback on

land issues

This summary of issues raised by claimants at various research hui in the district deals

with all land issues, not just those relevant to the 1840-1907 land issues report. Obviously

not all of these issues will be addressed by the nineteenth century land report. A number

of the issues listed concern not just land but resources and environmental issues. These

will be addressed in twentieth century land, environmental, local government, rating and

socio-economic reports for this inquiry. They are included here as a reminder of the

wholistic view of the whenua taken by claimant community.

Feedback from research hui

October 2008 Land blocks and areas that were never associated with the Queen’s chain as these

areas had never been sold (Research hui, Otorohanga 31 Oct 08: Otorohanga Golf

Club)

August 2008 Failure of the Crown to reserve land during purchases (what were the Crown’s

obligation regarding setting aside a tenth of the land in pre-1865 and in the 1880 –

1900 period?)

Concerns about the ability of the research to show (a) which hapu and whanau were

excluded from court awards (b) how much land was lost by particular hapu and iwi

(c) which pieces of land were lost by particular hapu and iwi

To what extent did the Crown purchase the best land and leave Maori with the least

economically viable and least valuable land?

Circumstances around the alienation of the Waitomo Caves

Crown acquisition of land for townships, the failure of the township and the

subsequent use of the land for other purposes


155

Individualisation of interests in land and its impact on hapu and whanau collective

control of land

Maori being deprived of legal representation in the court because of a 10 year ban on

lawyers in the court after the 1883 Rohe Potae agreement

The role of lawyers in the Native Land Court (any indication of crooked dealings

caused prejudice to Maori)

Concern about whether the research will be able to tabulate all parcels of land taken

for survey liens

How tangata whenua allocated land to Waikato people who were ‘refugees’ from the

war and confiscation and how this was later handled in the court

Alleged bias of the court against those who followed Pai Maire, Te Whiti, Ringatu

and other Maori spiritual movements and prophets. It was alleged that the orthodox

Christians were awarded the best land and the larger portions of land

Way that the court dealt with the interests of minors and how these interests were

alienated

To what extent did Maori oppose the railway, or put conditions on its construction,

because they feared loss of control of their rohe, rates being levied etc?

To what extent did the Crown use the exploratory surveys for railway routes to

identify the best land and to then target it for acquisition?

Need to consider what happened to the whole of the Rohe Potae (Aotea Block and the

Tauponuiatia Block and the Waimarino Block)

Questions were raised about whether surveyors C W Hursthouse was prospecting for

gold on the sly during his survey trip

Need to draw on evidence given by iwi in the south in the Whanganui and CNI

inquires regarding the Rohe Potae and the railway, this was a particular request from

Ngati Tuwharetoa.

It was alleged that the Crown promised that Kawhia would be a major port and that a

branch railway would be built (including a tunnel(s) through Mt Pirongia). This was a

major in the agreement for the railway to go through. Land was taken in the Pirongia

West and Mangauika Blocks but the railway never eventuated. As Maori were already

supplying ships with produce (via waka) the railway to Kawhia would have enabled


156

them to retain this benefit. Without it Pakeha took control of the Main Trunk Line and

the supply of produce to Auckland.

December 2007 Returned lands: What was the Crown’s ambition when giving lands back? Crown

purchases whether successful or not caused problems for Maori. Returns were often

sold because the lands were now in a Pakeha environment and not sustainable.

(Research hui, Hamilton 2 Dec 07: Glenview Hotel and International conference

centre)

Earlier land claims: Again 1854 land transactions are an issue. It set the precedent for

what followed. Dates should cover from 1850s or earlier. (Research hui, Hamilton 2

Dec 07: Glenview Hotel and International Conference Centre)

Leased lands will never come back – the Crown should be accountable. Not just

historical alienation but ongoing peppercorn rental. Claimants have no knowledge of

these leases rolling over – even if they go to court. (Research hui, Hamilton 2 Dec 07:

Glenview Hotel and International Conference Centre)

Rivers, waterways and mining: Sometimes gets put in environmental when it is

effectively land loss. (Research hui, Hamilton 2 Dec 07: Glenview Hotel and

International Conference Centre)

Returned land issues: Want concrete examples of land issues in the district. Cost of

processes, survey costs and court costs. (Research hui, Hamilton 2 Dec 07: Glenview

Hotel and International Conference Centre)

Separate northern land report: Possibility of a separate report for lands north of Aotea

block. (Research hui, Hamilton 2 Dec 07: Glenview Hotel and International

Conference Centre)

Tokanui and Waikeria prison: Takings for prisons and psychiatric institutions.

Imposition of these on local people, impact of later closure - loss of local

employment. Ongoing issues: asbestos, burial grounds. Don’t want it back in a

desecrated state. (Research hui, Waitomo, 3 Dec 07: Waitomo Golf Club)

Leasing as alienation was a significant issue for the district. (Research hui, Waitomo,

3 Dec 07: Waitomo Golf Club)


157

The primacy of hapu was again emphasised in relation to land issues. (Research hui,

Waitomo, 3 Dec 07: Waitomo Golf Club)

Impact of the Native Land Court: The way people were forced into a mode of

responding significantly to courts and imposed policies. (Research hui, Waitomo, 3

Dec 07: Waitomo Golf Club)

Local government takings: Impact of local government in both land takings and

political sense (Research hui, Waitomo, 3 Dec 07: Waitomo Golf Club)

Retain hapu as the primary focus: Claimants emphasised that ‘Iwi’ was an introduced

word. (Research hui, Taumarunui, 4 Dec: Wharauroa marae)

Early land transactions: Counsel asked if early lands transactions and claims would be

examined in the lands report. (Research hui, Taumarunui, 4 Dec: Wharauroa marae)

Early transactions: Ngati Kinohaku are concerned with pre-1840 Kawhia transactions

and relations with Pakeha. They would like the start date brought back so that the

project explicitly includes early transactions. (Research hui, Wellington, 18 Dec:

Waitangi Tribunal)

Landlocked blocks and other impacts: Impacts of land takings were discussed such as,

Motiti marae which was cut off on 4 sides and could be a case study. There were

impacts even if land not taken. Impacts of the Kapuni gas line.

Will this report cover legislation in that period? (Crown Hui-20 December 2007).

July 2007 Land issues – is not just quantity that is important – all land loss is important. Needs

to reflect impacts on people not just statistics of land loss.

Ngati Raukawa interests (currently included in this inquiry in relation to

Wharepuhunga block) likely to relate to land issues 1886-1908, land issues 1909-

1939, Surveys. (Research hui 2, 20 June 2007, Tokoroa)

Native Land Court operations and Crown purchasing are major issues for Raukawa

(Research hui 2, 20 June 2007, Tokoroa)

Request investigation of whether land deals were fraudulent – use of minors etc

(Research hui 2, 20 June 2007, Tokoroa)

Request investigation of Pakeha surveyors changing names of streams, rivers,

maunga etc for maps (Research hui 2, 20 June 2007, Tokoroa)


158

Uneconomic shares and perpetual leases to be investigated (Research hui 3, 24 June

2007)

Investigate landlocked land (Research hui 3, 24 June 2007, Otorohanga)

Scoping will need to consider that Ngati Toa (Wai 870) were not part of Te Rohe

Potae compact. They have their own issues of land loss impacts to be

investigated.(Research hui 3, 24 June 2007, Otorohanga)

Coastal issues regarding alienation need to be investigated (Research hui 3, 24 June

2007, Otorohanga)

Other feedback from milestones in the Tribunal inquiry process

Research programme addendum, September 2007 Project 8: Land issues, 1886-1907; Project 9: Land issues 1908-39; Project 10: Land

issues, post-1939; Project 11: Surveys; Project 12: Local government and rates. These

projects will need some adjustment in order to accommodate the specific areas now

included within the district, and the addition of Ngāti Maniapoto raupatu claims.

The best way forward in this instance may be to proceed with an early scoping of

project 8. The scoping of project 8 should determine how the new areas and issues

should be dealt with by that project and whether a separate report is needed on Ngāti

Maniapoto raupatu claims. To make the best use of time, the scoping project should

proceed as claimants and the Crown discuss whether there is agreement between them

on the key aspects of raupatu. (Research programme addendum, September 2007,

Wai 898 #6.2.4(b))

Staff note, prior to 3rd Judicial Conference, October 2007 Native Land Court proceedings prior to 1886, especially in Pukekura-Maungatautari

district, would be important historical context beyond the inquiry boundary. These

concerns could be met by expanding project 8 to include Maori Land Court operation

in Pukekura, Puahue/Puahoe, Ngamoko No.2 and Maungatautari blocks, 1865-1885

(including the Ngati Kauwhata Commission, 1881).

The scoping report for project 8 will consider whether the non-raupatu extensions,

Karewa Island, and the Western Harbours require a separate report or separate

chapters within the lands reports.


159

Feedback on second draft research programme, July 2007 (Wai 898 #6.2.4(a)) Native land Court regime as it was introduced into this inquiry district particularly

with the large Aotea block hearing from 1886.

Earlier land transactions that were considered by political engagement projects.

The operations of the Native Land Court within the King Country district from 1886

to around 1907, and the nature and extent of Maori engagement with the court.

Crown purchasing in the district from 1889 until around 1905, including the kinds of

land and resources identified for purchasing, major changes in Crown purchase

policies during this time and suggestions the Crown was able to manipulate the

Native Land Court process to its benefit.

The Stout-Ngata Commission findings for this district for the period to 1905.

Private purchasing and leasing in this period.

The response of iwi and hapu of this district to the system of Maori land title and

Maori land administration including land alienations in this period.


160

Appendix 3: List of Agencies codes searched at Archives New Zealand,

Wellington and Auckland

The following agencies series were systematically searched:

ABWN and LS: Lands and Survey Department

AGG-A: Agents for the General Government, Auckland

AP: Provincial Government, Auckland

BAAZ: Lands and Survey Office, Auckland

BAIE: Department of Survey and Land Information, Auckland District Office

BACS: Maori Land Court, Waikato-Maniapoto District

BBOP: Maori Land Court, Auckland

CS: Civil Secretary

G: Governor

IA: Internal Affairs

LE: Legislative Department

M: Marine

MA: Maori Affairs Department

MA-MLA: Maori Land Administration Department

MA-MLP: Maori Affairs-Maori Land Purchasing Department

MLC: Maori Land Court

MLC-WANG: Maori Land Court, Wanganui District Office

R: New Zealand Railways (and related agency codes)

TR: Transport


161

Appendix 4: Access to files at the Hamilton Maori Land Court and

other institutions

The Maori Land Court in Hamilton has recently reorganised their records, which may

make accessing them slightly more difficult than in the past. The records have been re-

boxed using a box number as the key identifier. The files (including block files and

alienation files) were boxed as they were found on the shelves. In some cases, for

example, files were out being used by staff, or in a different location, at the time of re-

boxing. This may have lead to files on the same block being in widely different box

numbers. A spreadsheet has been created so files can be located by their box number.

This allows researchers to order files by consulting a copy of the spreadsheet and

checking what box the files are in and then ordering by box. The spreadsheet lists the box

number and the file name (e.g. block name) but do not give a date range for the material

in each box. This means that even if researchers are only interested in say the nineteenth

century, they will still have to ask for every file on a block to be sure they have covered

the entire date range they are interested in. Court staff should be contacted prior to

visiting the court, with a few days notice they are happy to retrieve reasonable quantities

for researchers (up to about 30 boxes at a time). Each box holds 2-3 average size files.

Researchers should also note that when the files were scanned for the Maori Land

Information System (MLIS) project only partial scans were done. Papers recording land

transactions and details affecting legal title were selected for scanning (e.g. partitions,

successions, sales, takings, wills, trustees etc). Other material such as correspondence

with owners, hand drawn maps and memos etc was identified as not to be scanned. These

papers were also often relocated together at the back or the top of a file. Researchers

should be aware of this because this means that it is more difficult to establish the first

and last dates of papers on the files without checking every paper on file.

There are also some miscellaneous historical files held by the court that have not made it

on to any list. These include a number of old registers relating to wills and probate (and


162

possibly appointment of trustees). There is also a box of orders appointing trustees for

minors for the Rohe Potae – several hundred all of the same date apparently – 5

November 1886. This seems to have been an attempt to facilitate purchasing. There is

also a bound volume of Native Assessor’s minutes from early hearings (in Te Reo -

Paratene Ngata). Staff at the court have suggested that as the Native Assessors minutes

were not regarded as part of the permanent official record of the court, they were often

kept by the assessors or given to interested local Maori who then passed them down

through their families. The same happened with Judge’s notes after they had been used to

prepare the official court minutes in early years. Douglas has found a number of other

copies of assessors’ minutes in Waikato University, which he will list for us. The court

does not hold ML plans. These seem to be mainly at LINZ Hamilton but there are

numerous rough sketch maps on files.

Aside from the changes to access arrangements at the Hamilton Maori Land Court

already noted, access to manuscripts, maps and photographs and possible some books and

periodicals at the National Library and the Alexander Turnbull Library may be limited or

cease, in late 2009 for a period of up to two years while new premises are built. Details

are unclear at this stage but this has implications for the nineteenth century land research

and other casebook research.

Archives New Zealand now allows researchers to photograph most items in their

collection. This is particularly useful for large maps, old bound registers and letter books

that cannot easily be copied. Photocopies of pages from files should probably still be

obtained in the usual way but making a photo of key pages for your own reference can be

useful.


163

Appendix 5: Further information about photographic collections

The Alexander Turnbull Library’s photographic collection is located at the back of the

ground floor of the National Library. Photos are stored in filing cabinet type drawers and

are sorted by county. Within each county set the photos are arranged alphabetically by

place and/or subject head. These categories are written in felt pen on the top of each

reference print. However the county drawers are set out geographically (N to S) rather

than alphabetically. The counties of interest to this project are Otorohanga, Waitomo,

Clifton (for the North Taranaki fringe), Raglan (for the North tip), Waipa (for the

northwestern area) and possibly, Waikato.

There are also a number of regional museums with photographic collections that may

yield some significant images. These include Pukeariki museum in New Plymouth (for

the Mokau/Awakino area) which holds some 350,000 photographic images, only some of

which have been catalogued. Ruth Harvey is the photographic curator there.

The Tainui Historical society Museum has approximately 3,000 photographic images.

About 1,000 of the images are from the National Library. Volunteer staff are in the

process of scanning the photographic collection onto computer, and developing a subject

catalogue. Subject listings include farming, groups, logging, maritime, Maori, coalmines,

people, places, public works, rivers, schools, scenes and transport.

Te Awamutu Museum has over 6,000 photographs, some of which derive from other

institutions. A nominal index of the photographic collection directs the researcher to a

numbered card system, on which each image is displayed.

Te Kuiti District Historical Society hold a list of photographs by the surveyor Lawrence

Cussen (1883-1884).

Bibliography of Sources

Nineteenth Century Maori Land

Research in the Rohe Potae Inquiry

District

1840 - 1907

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

2

Contents

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SECONDARY SOURCES FOR 19TH CENTURY LAND

ISSUES IN THE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT (1840 – 1907)...................... 6

DOCUMENT BANKS........................................................................................................... 6

TRANSLATIONS................................................................................................................. 6

LAND DEEDS .................................................................................................................... 7

NEWSPAPERS .................................................................................................................... 7

PERIODICALS .................................................................................................................... 8

REFERENCE....................................................................................................................... 8

BOOKS, ARTICLES AND THESES........................................................................................ 9

Early Accounts ........................................................................................................... 10

Histories by Place ...................................................................................................... 11

Archaeology, Place names and Historic Places ........................................................ 23

Personal Recollections............................................................................................... 24

Family Histories and Whakapapa.............................................................................. 26

Marae and Tribal Histories........................................................................................ 27

Maori Land Blocks ..................................................................................................... 29

Geology and Mining................................................................................................... 29

Resource and Land Use Studies ................................................................................. 30

Sawmilling and Timber Industry ................................................................................ 31

Academic Material ..................................................................................................... 32

Reports of the Waitangi Tribunal............................................................................... 53

Waitangi Tribunal research and other reports .......................................................... 53


January 2009

3

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRIMARY SOURCES FOR 19THC CENTURY LAND

ISSUES PROJECTS IN THE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT (1840 – 1907)

EARLY LAND TRANSACTIONS AND OLD LAND CLAIMS.............................. 64

PURCHASE DEEDS ........................................................................................................... 64

Turton’s deeds ............................................................................................................ 64

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS................................................................................................. 64

Appendices to the Journal of the House of Representatives (AJHR) ......................... 64

British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP) ....................... 66

NEWSPAPERS .................................................................................................................. 67

ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS ........................................................................................ 67

Archives New Zealand, Wellington ............................................................................ 67

Archives New Zealand, Auckland............................................................................... 74

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington.................................................................... 75

Other Museums and Archives .................................................................................... 75

MAPS AND PLANS........................................................................................................... 77

Auckland City Library, Auckland............................................................................... 77

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS...................................................................................... 77

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington.................................................................... 77

PRE-1865 CROWN PURCHASING IN TE ROHE POTAE

INQUIRY DISTRICT .................................................................................................... 79

PURCHASE DEEDS........................................................................................................... 79

Turton’s Deeds ........................................................................................................... 79

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................ 80

Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR)........................ 80

British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP) ....................... 84

Petitions to Parliament............................................................................................... 88

ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS ....................................................................................... 90

Archives New Zealand, Wellington ............................................................................ 90

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centnry land issues,

January 2009

Archives New Zealand, Auckland ............................................................................. 106

Land information New Zealand (LlNZ), Hamilton .................................. ; ................ 114

Alexander Turnbull Libra/Y, Wellington .................................................................. 115

Other museums and libraries .................................................................................... 121

MAPS AND PLANS .......................................................................................................... 125

British Parliamenta/Y Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BP P) ... ................... 125

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS .................................................................................... 126

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington .................................................................. 126

THE SEARCH FOR AND CREATION OF NEW FORM OF TITLE AND THE

USE AND ALIENATION OF MAOID LAND IN THE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY

DISTIDCT (1870-1907) ................................................................................................. 130

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................................... 130

Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR) ........ .............. 130

British Parliamenta/Y Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP) ...................... 152

ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS ....................................................................................... 155

Land information New Zealand (LlNZ), Hamilton ................................................... 155

Hamilton Maori Land Court (records held off site) ................................................. 156

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington .................................................................. 156

Auckland War Memorial Museum Libra/Y, Auckland .............................................. 16 4

Hamilton City Library, Hamilton ............................................................................. 164

Otorohanga Historical Society Courthouse Museum, Otorohanga ......................... 165

Pukeariki, New Plymouth. ....... , ......................... , ... , ............... , .......... , ...... " .............. ,.165

Te Awamutu Museum, Te Awamutu .......................................................................... 167

Te Kuiti and District Historical Society, Te Kuiti ..................................................... 168

University of Auckland Libra/Y, Auckland ............................................................... 168

University ofWaikato Libra/Y, Hamilton ................................................................. 169

Archives New Zealand, Wellington .... , .................................................................... ,.170

Archives New Zealand, Auckland ......... , .......................... , ......... , ...... , ... , .... , .............. 197

MAPS ............................................................................................................................. 210

Official publications ...... ., ........... , ........................... . ,', ...... , ...... , ........ ,., ................... ... 210

4


January 2009

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS .................................................................................... 217

Alexander Turnbull Librmy, Wellington .................................................................. 217

Te Kuiti and District Historical Society, Te Kuiti .............................. ....................... 222

Waitomo Caves Museum, Waitomo .......................................................................... 222

5


January 2009

6

Bibliography of Secondary Sources for 19th Century land Issues in the

Rohe Potae Inquiry District (1840-1907)

Document Banks

Boast, Richard (compiler), Extracts from AJHR 1870-1890 Reports of Native and Land

Purchase Officers re Whanganui ki Maniapoto regions, Wai 903 #A8 (ROI says that it is

held in the Waitangi Tribunal Library)

Crown Forestry Rental Trust, ‘Selected Official Documents Pertaining to the Aotea Rohe

Potae Compact’, November 2001

Paul, Rachel, Document Bank Accompanying Report on ‘Native Land Legislation from

1862 to 1880’, Wai 894, #A94 (a-c)

Ward, Alan, Supporting Documents Accompanying the ‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto’

report, Wai 903 #A11 (a)

Translations

Extract from Diary of W H Grace, 1882, Wai 143, #H18

W H Grace Translation Project, Nov 2003, Wai 903 #A44 (formerly Wai 903, #A19)

Grace Letter Book Collection, English 1880-1885 and Miscellaneous Years,

Wai 903, #A44 (a) (formerly Wai 903, #A19 (a))

Wi Nera Te Awaitaia, ‘Letter from Wiremu Nero [sic] Te Awaitaia to Hamiora Naropi

relative to meeting at Raglan of Whaingaroa, Aotea, and Kawhia Chiefs: presented to


January 2009

7

both Houses of the General Assembly by command of His Excellency’, Auckland:

printed by the Government Printer, 1864 [may be AJHR 1864, E-14]

Land Deeds

Turton, H H, Maori Deeds and Plans of Land Purchase in the North Island, Government

Printer, Wellington, 2 vols 1877-1878

Newspapers

Note: Papers Past has the Waikato Times 1873-1886, the Taranaki Herald, 1852-1909,

and the Daily Southern Cross, 1843-1876 in searchable digital form. The other

newspapers on this list are available on microfilm at the National Library, Wellington.

Auckland Chronicle, 1841-1845

Auckland Examiner, 1856-1861

Auckland Register and Commercial and Shipping Gazette, 1857-1862

Auckland Times, 1842-1846

Daily Southern Cross, 1862-1876

Kawhia Settler and Raglan Advertiser, Kawhia, weekly: 24 April 1901-24 April 1936

New Zealand Herald, 1863-

Taranaki Daily News, 1852-2004

Taranaki Herald, 1852-1989


January 2009

8

The New Zealander [Auckland], 1845-1866

The Yeoman, daily: 1880-1906

Taumarunui Press, Taumarunui, weekly: 1906-1971

Waikato Advocate, 1895-1896

Waikato Argus, 1896-1915?

Wanganui Chronicle, 1856-

Waikato Times, 1878 –

Weekly Herald [Wanganui], 1869-1880 (see also Yeoman)

Periodicals

Footprints of History (Te Awamutu, Te Awamutu, Otorohanga, Te Kuiti HistoricalSocieties and the Waitomo Caves Museum Society, 1988-2005) Nos. 1-29

Roll Back the Years, Ron Cooke (ed.), C&S Publications, Taumarunui, 1991

Te Awamutu Historical Society Bulletin, Nos. 1-5, 1949-1976

The Journal of the Te Awamutu Historical Society, 10 vols, 1966-1975

Reference

Cyclopedia of New Zealand: Industrial, descriptive, historical, biographical facts,

figures, illustrations, Auckland, 1897


January 2009

9

Malcolm McKinnon (ed.), with Barry Bradley and Russell Kirkpatrick; [cartography by

Terralink NZ Ltd.], Bateman New Zealand Historical Atlas: Ko papatuanuku e takoto

nei, David Bateman in association with Historical Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs,

Auckland, 1997

Scholefield, G H (ed.), A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, 2 vols, Department of

Internal Affairs, Wellington, 1940

‘Cowell, John’

‘Wilkinson, G T’

‘Seth-Smith, Hugh Garden (Judge)’

‘Smales, Gideon (Rev)’

‘Schnackenberg, Henry Cort (Rev)’

‘Wahanui (Reihana Te Huatare)’

Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Ministry for Culture and Heritage,

Wellington, 1990-2008

‘Ballance, John’

‘Bryce, John’

‘Eketone, Pepene’

‘Firth, Josiah Clifton’

‘Gorst, John Eldon’

‘McLean, Donald’

‘Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero’

‘Maniapoto, Rewi Manga’

‘Montefiore, John Israel’

‘Ormsby, John’

‘Searancke, William Nicholas’

‘Smith, Edward Metcalf’

‘Te Awa-i-taia, Wiremu Nera’

‘Wahanui Huatare’


January 2009

10

Books, articles and theses

Early accounts

Dieffenbach, Ernst, Travels in New Zealand, John Murray, London, 1843, reprinted by

Capper Press, Christchurch, 1974

Hochstetter, Ferdinand von, New Zealand: Its physical geography, geology, and natural

history: with special reference to the results of government expeditions in the provinces

of Auckland and Nelson translated from the German, original published in 1863 by

Edward Sauter; with additions up to 1866 by the author

Rotorua Art Gallery, King Country Journey, Alfred Burton: Rotorua Art Gallery

Travelling Exhibition, Rotorua, 1980

Burton, Alfred, The Maori at Home: A catalogue of a series of photographs, illustrative

of the scenery and of Native life in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand,

originally published in 1885) and reprinted by Kiwi Publishers, Christchurch, c2004

[NB: Also known as Through the King Country with the Camera: A photographer’s

diary]

Kerry-Nicholls, J H, The King Country or Explorations in New Zealand: A narrative of

600 Miles of travel through Maoriland: with a treatise on the origin, physical

characteristics, and manners and customs of the Maori race, Sampson, Low, Marston,

Searle & Rivington, London, 1884, reprinted by Capper Press, Christchurch, 1974

________________, Recent Explorations of the King Country, New Zealand, W M

Clowes & Sons Ltd., London, 1885

Park, James, ‘Early Explorations in the King Country: Reminiscences: Murder of the

renegade Moffatt’, Otago Daily Times Print, Dunedin, 1922


January 2009

11

Smith, Stephenson Percy, ‘Notes of a Journey from Taranaki to Mokau, Taupo,

Rotomahana, Tarawera and Rangitikei’, in N M Taylor (ed.), Early Travellers in New

Zealand, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1959, pp 349-386

Thompson, Stephen, The Harbours of New Zealand, London, 1887

Histories by Place

General (Rohe Potae/King Country)

Barker, Dorothy, ‘Roughing it in the King Country’, Historical Journal Auckland-

Waikato, April 1974, No. 24, pp 18-20

Bass, May, The Northwest King Country: A history of the land and its people, researched

and written for Waikato Conservancy, Department of Conservation, The Conservancy,

the Department, Hamilton, 1993

Bradbury, E, Settlement and Development of the King Country, New Zealand, early

history, industries and resources, scenic attractions, E. Bradbury & Co., Auckland, 1923

__________, The Settlement and Development of Taranaki and the King Country,

E. Bradbury & Co., Auckland, 1940

Brown, M B, ‘The King Country’, thesis, University of Auckland, 1931

Cooke, Ron and Pilkinton, Ian, Pinetree Country: A pictorial record of King Country’s

50th jubilee year (1972), R L Cooke, Taumarunui, 1973

Coulson, John, King Country Sketchbook, Ruapehu Marketing, Taumarunui 1995

Cowan, James, “The Old Frontier”, History of the King Country Border, Te Awamutu,

Waipa Post Printing, 1922


January 2009

12

Craig, Dick, The Days before our First Pioneers: History of the King Country until the

coming of the Railway, King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1949

________, Report on the King Country: A district backed by achievement and with a

wonderful future ahead, King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1953

________, South of the Aukati Line, King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1962

________, Land of the Maniapoto: A brief history of the area now known as the Northern

King Country, embracing the Otorohanga, Kawhia and Waitomo Counties, King Country

Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1978

________, King Country: New Zealand’s Last Frontier, R S Craig, Mount Maunganui,

1990

________, The King Country (Rohe Potae), Te Awamutu Courier, Te Awamutu,

1990/1991

________, The Realms of King Tawhiao, with Review of Causes of 1860-64 Maori Wars,

Waitomo News Ltd., Te Kuiti, 1995

Elmes, Ernestine, The Living Past, 1842-1971, E Elmes, Te Kuiti, 1985

Flanagan, F W, Auckland: Gold & Gum Fields, Hot Lakes, King Country (Rohe Potae),

Waitomo Caves, Government Printer, Wellington, 1898

Gregory, K B, Tales of the King Country, S Barlow, Lower Hutt, 1997

Hammond, T G, The Story of Aotea, Lyttelton Times, Christchurch, 1924


January 2009

13

Hemara, Wharehuia, ‘The Opening of Te Rohe Potae’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National Maori

Newspaper, March 1996, p 3920

_______________, ‘The Desire to Survey Te Rohe Potae’, [pt 1] Kia Hiwa Ra: National

Maori Newspaper, April 1996, p 4021

_______________, ‘The Desire to Survey Te Rohe Potae’ [pt 2], Kia Hiwa Ra: National

Maori Newspaper, June 1996, p 4222

______________, ‘Resolution Spells Beginning of the End’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National

Maori Newspaper, August 1996, p 4425

______________, ‘Fears held about Land Division’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National Maori

Newspaper, October 1996, p 4624

______________, ‘The Partition of the Rohe Potae Block’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National

Maori Newspaper, December 1996/Jan 1997, p 4629

______________, ‘Socio-cultural Disruption’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National Maori Newspaper,

Feb 1997, p 4618

______________, ‘Spirited Defence of Rights and Privileges’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National

Maori Newspaper, April 1997, p 5119

_______________, ‘Te Rohe Potae Tribe Outnumbered’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National Maori

Newspaper, June 1997, p 5322

_______________, ‘Suspicious of Crown’s Actions’, Kia Hiwa Ra: National Maori

Newspaper, September 1997, p 5613


January 2009

14

Hunwick, E C, ‘Northcroft’s Experiences on the King Country Frontier’, Footprints of

History, Vol.1, No. 1, October 1988, pp 11-14

____________, ‘Taking Government Gifts caused Chief Wahanui to Lose Mana’,

Footprints of History, No.10, June 1993, pp 217-219

____________, ‘Ngatamahine Development had Colourful History’, Footprints of

History, No.16, April 1996, pp 16-22

Jones, Stella, ‘The Country Newspapers of J H Claridge’, Historical Journal Auckland-

Waikato, No. 34, April 1979, pp 13-19

Kaati, J R, Rohe Potae and Wahanui Paramount Chief, J.R. Kaati, Te Kuiti, 1997

Langmuir, A J, The King Country in the Early Days, 1940-1941

Sole, Steve, ‘King Country: Under the Brim of the Hat’, New Zealand Geographic,

No. 88, November/December 2007, pp 70-83

Vernon, R T and Buckeridge, C R, Te Mata – Aotea, A O Rice, Hamilton, 1973

Way, Margaret, King Country, large print ed., Ulverscroft, Leicester, 1981

Westmacott, E M, ‘The Northern King Country to 1914’, thesis, University of

Canterbury, 1944

Winter, N A, Northern King Country: Random Sketches, King Country Chronicle, Te

Kuiti, 1938


January 2009

15

Young, Robert E., Lusty, Patricia, J., King Country 1967, Breckell & Nicholls, Auckland,

1967

‘An 1886 Impression of North King Country’s Potential’, Footprints of History, No.6,

July 1991, pp 131-134

‘King Tawhiao’, Footprints of History, No.6, July 1991, t.p verso

Raglan

Bradbury, E, The Raglan and Kawhia Districts, New Zealand: Early history, resources

and potentialities, future prospects, E Bradbury, Auckland, 1915

Melrose, Margaret Joan, ‘Land-use Problems in Raglan County’, MA thesis, University

of Auckland, 1957

Raglan Old Settlers’ Association, Raglan Old Settlers Centennial Re-union: 1840-1940:

Souvenir booklet, [compiled by the Committee of the Raglan Old Settlers’ Association],

Raglan County Chronicle Print, Raglan, 1940

Raglan Old Settlers Association, 1840 Raglan Old Settlers Re-union, Raglan Old Settlers

Association, Raglan, 1940

Raglan School Reunion Committee, Raglan School 125th anniversary reunion, 1866-

1991, March 29th, 30th & 31st 1991, Raglan School Reunion Committee, Raglan, 1991

Vennell, C W and Williams, Susan, Raglan County Hills and Sea: A Centennial History

1876-1976, Wilson & Horton for Raglan County Council, Auckland, 1976

Vernon, R T, Raglan, W G Vernon, Auckland, 1984


January 2009

16

Kawhia

Anderson, W E, Kawhia District, W E Anderson, 1962

Beca, Carter, Hollings and Ferner Ltd., A Report on Taharoa – Its existing and future role

in the region, NZ Steel Mining Ltd, 1977

Cummins, Peg (compiled by), A History of Kawhia & its District, material collected by

Corban Ward & many others, Kawhia Museum, Kawhia, 2004

Hunwick, E C, ‘Kawhia Opened to Europeans despite Tawhiao’s Objection’, Footprints

of History, No. 9, November 1992, pp 203-206

Kawhia County Council, Town Board and Chamber of Commerce at the Kawhia Settler

Printing Office, Kawhia Dstrict and Port: Past, present & future: a brief summary of its

position & potentialities, including Mr Leslie Reynolds’ report on Kawhia Harbour,

Kawhia, 1916

Laurenson, G I, ‘Notes on Background to the Ceremony of Dedication of the Historical

Places Trust marker and Memorial Plaque at Te Waitere, Lemon Point, Kawhia, on

Saturday, 9th September 1972’

Lentfer, Barry Neville, ‘The Relationship between Land Tenure and Land-use in

Kawhia’, MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1963

MacDonald, Peggy, The Wild West Coast: Being two [i.e. three] articles on the west

coast of Auckland province (Kawhia and southwards), 1937

Neal, Colleen and Shaw, Ken, Kawhia South: The districts of Kinohaku, Te Anga,

Marokopa, Kiritehere, Kinohaku Book Club, Te Kuiti, 1996


January 2009

17

Simpson, Philip G, The Maketu Marae Totara Whakatupuranga, Kawhia, Department of

Conservation, Wellington, c1994

Woolford, Beryl, ‘Ngati Rangingonge – Ngaa moorehu o Kaawhia’, MEd thesis,

University of Auckland, 1998

Korakonui

Korakonui School 75th jubilee, 1911-1986: School districts reunion Korakonui,

Wharepuhunga, Ngaroma, Korakonui Jubilee Committee, 1986

Mokau

Barr, H, ‘The Mokau Mines Speculation in Nineteenth Century Taranaki’, MA thesis,

University of Waikato, 1979

Barr, H, ‘Coal on the Mokau’, Historic Places, vol. 9, 1985, pp 6-8

Edson, S C, Mangatoi Archaeological Site Survey: Mokau coalfield study, unpublished

report to State Coal Mines, 1986

Jardine, Margaret de, The Little Ports of Taranaki: being Awakino, Mokau, Tongaporutu,

Urenui, Waitara, Opunake, Patea, together with some historical background on each,

M. de Jardine, New Plymouth 1992

Owen, J, ‘Mokau’s History of Mining Disasters’, New Zealand Coal, Spring Issue, pp 5-9

Mokau Harbour Board, Rules and regulations of the Port of Mokau, Waitara Evening

Mail, Waitara, 1913


January 2009

18

New Plymouth Tourist Bureau, The River Beauty of the Scenic Mokau: Also pleasure

trips and mountain climbs on Egmont, New Plymouth Tourist Bureau, New Plymouth,

1914?

Tainui Historical Society, The Vital Link: Crossing the Mokau, Tainui Historical Society,

Pilot Gardens, Urenui, 2007

Milbank, Bill and Goldsmith, Susette, Taranaki Whenua Life Blood Legacy, Pukeariki,

New Plymouth, 2008

A Centennial History of Clifton County, Clifton County Council, Waitara, 1989

Piopio

Coleman, C (compiled by), Days of Old: A collection of memories of Piopio -Te Mapara,

Kahuwera, Arapae, Kohua, Taumatawaenga and Paemako areas, Colleen Coleman, Te

Kuiti 1996

Loder, D S, St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church, Piopio: Fifty years, 1914-1964: golden

jubilee celebrations, 7th & 8th March, 1964, Chronicle Print, Te Kuiti, 1964

McLean, P, History for First 100 years: Piopio and district, 1896-1996, Te Kuiti, 1996

Piopio schools, 1909-1984, Piopio College, Piopio, 1986

Savill, Joseph, E, Among the Pioneers of Pio Pio, 1906-1926, Wentforth Print, Auckland,

c1987

Pirongia & Waipa

Barber, L H, The View from Pirongia: The history of Waipa County, Richards Publishing

in association with Waipa County Council, Te Awamutu, 1978


January 2009

19

Briggs, Roger et al., Pirongia Forest Park, Pirongia Te Aroaro o Kahu Restoration

Society, Pirongia, 2004

Edmonds, Sue, ‘Whatiwhatihoe - the Maori King’s Pirongia Headquarters’, Footprints of

History, No. 6, July 1991, pp 121-124

Pirongia (Alexandra) School: souvenir programme and local history commemorating the

75th anniversary of the establishment of the public school, 1873-1948, Jubilee

Committee, Pirongia, 1948

Pirongia Centennial Committee, District centenary, 14th November 1964: Alexandra,

1864 - Pirongia, 1964, Pirongia Centennial Committee, Te Awamutu, 1964

Phillips, Ngaire, Pirongia School Centennial Celebrations 1873-1973, Pirongia School

Centennial Committee, Pirongia, 1973

Sullivan, W A, Historic Pirongia, Te Awamutu & District Museum, 1996

Te Kuiti

Craig, Dick, The First Fifty Years: Te Kuiti jubilee booklet to mark the anniversary of the

founding of the King Country’s first borough, Te Kuiti, on the 1st April, 1960, Te Kuiti

Jubilee Committee, Te Kuiti, 1960

Hutchins, Graham, Learning Curve: The first 100 years of Te Kuiti Primary School

(1897-1997), including Te Kuiti District High School, Te Kawa, Reunion Publications,

Te Kuiti, 1997

Miller, Robert, ‘Old Te Kuiti’, Historical Journal Auckland-Waikato, No.19, September

1971, pp 29-30


January 2009

20

Te Kuiti Chamber of Commerce, Te Kuiti, King Country, New Zealand: Sunshine &

Happiness, Te Kuiti Chamber of Commerce, Te Kuiti, 1923

Te Kuiti Jubilee, 1910-1985: 75 years, supplement to Waitomo News, March 21, 1985,

The News, Te Kuiti, 1985

Te Kuiti Jubilee Executive Committee, Te Kuiti Schools Diamond Jubilee: Review of

celebrations held from 26th-28th January 1957 to mark the 60th anniversary of the

opening of Te Kuiti’s first school on 29th January, 1897

Otorohanga

Baucke, William, Where the White Man Treads: Selected from a series of articles

contributed to the New Zealand Herald and the Auckland Weekly News, Otorohanga, 2nd

ed., Wilson & Horton, Auckland, 1928

Bland, Michael, ‘Town Built on Sand’, Southern Skies, May 1995, pp 48-54

Lewis, T W, Tenei ka panuitia nei nga korero o te hui i tu ki Otorohanga i te taenga o

Kawana Anaro ki reira, kia mohio ai te katoa, Ko nga korero o te hui i tu ki Otorohanga,

Government Printer, Wellington, 1890

Otorohanga, 1885-1985: Otorohanga centennial supplement, Waitomo News, 1985

Otorohanga Centennial Reunion Committee, Otorohanga education: 100 years, 1893-

1993, Centennial Reunion Committee, Otorohanga, 1993

Otorohanga Jubilee Committee, Jubilee souvenir 1895-1946: Otorohanga District High

School: Fifty-first anniversary jubilee re-union, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, November 22,

23 and 24, King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1946


January 2009

21

Otorohanga Jubilee Committee, Otorohanga School 75th Jubilee Souvenir, 1893-1969,

Otorohanga Jubilee Committee, Otorohanga, 1969

Otorohanga Jubilee Committee, 1954-1984, Otorohanga South School 30th Jubilee;

jubilee booklet, Otorohanga South School 30th jubilee, Otorohanga Jubilee Committee,

1984

Otorohanga South School, Jubilee Committee, Otorohanga South School: 50th jubilee

reunion, 22-24 October 2004, Otorohanga South School, Jubilee Committee,

Otorohanga, 2004

Otorohanga Primary School 25th Jubilee, 1957-1982, Otorohanga Primary School,

Sutherland Print, Te Kuiti 1982

Powell, J R, Those were the Early Days in Otorohanga: Otorohanga centennial

celebrations, 1885-1985, J R Powell, Sutherland Print Ltd., Otorohanga, 1985

Quin, Helen Mary, A Short History and Memories of Otorohanga, King Country

Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1961

Waitomo (including Waitomo Caves)

Arrell, Robert, Waitomo Caves: A century of tourism, Waitomo Caves Museum Society,

Waitomo, 1984

Craig, Dick, Waitomo: Land of the future, King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1965

Cooper, Michele, ‘A History of Karst Exploration and Management: Waitomo and

Wellington Caves’, MSc thesis, University of Auckland, 1997


January 2009

22

Department of Tourist and Health Resorts, Waitomo, Ruakuri and Aranui Caves: New

Zealand’s limestone wonders, Wellington, 1917, revised editions: 1925, 1927

Greenwood, John, ‘Waitomo Reserves: an alternative form of management for a group of

reserves at Waitomo’, a dissertation required by Lincoln College in part fulfilment of

diploma requirement for Diploma in Parks and Recreation, 1979

McCaughan, Peter, A Collection of Historical Articles about the Waitomo District,

Hamilton, 2006

Morgan, V, A History of Waitomo: Maori and Pakeha side by side, Outrigger

Publications, Hamilton, 1983

Pavlovich, Kathryn, The Emergence and Construction of the Waitomo Caves Tourism

Destination New Zealand, Department of Strategic Management & Leadership,

University of Waikato, Hamilton, 2000

Radcliffe, F G, Waitomo, Ruakuri & Aranui, New Zealand, F G Radcliffe, Whangarei,

1910?

Richards, J H, Waitomo Caves, 2nd ed., Reed, Wellington, 1961

Surveyor-General, The Waitomo Caves, King Country: (report on): presented to both

Houses of the General Assembly by command of His Excellency, Thomas Humphries,

Wellington, 1889

Tomlinson, C A, Nature’s Underground Wonders in New Zealand: The marvellous

Waitomo and Ruakuri caves: admitted to contain some of the finest stalactites,

statagmites, and grottos in the world, Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch and

Wellington, 1910


January 2009

23

‘Former Sailor First European to sail into Waitomo Caves’, Footprints of History, No. 11,

February 1994, pp 255-257

Waitomo News, Waitomo News Centenary: The voice of the northern King Country,

1906-2006, Te Kuiti, Whakatane Beacon, 2006

Archaeology, Place names and Historic Places

McFadgen, B, ‘The Salvage Excavation of a Pa at Mokau, North Taranaki’, New Zealand

Archeological Association Newsletter, vol. 12, No. 2, pp 64-75

Morgan, B, Historic Maori Place Names from the Waipa River to Mokau, B Morgan,

King Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1976

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Raglan County, New Zealand Historic Places Trust,

Wellington, 1983

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Historic Places Inventory: Waitomo District, New

Zealand Historic Places Trust, Wellington, 1983

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Otorohonga County, New Zealand Historic Places

Trust, Wellington, 1983

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Waikato Regional Committee, Waikato-Northern

King Country: Historical guide, The Trust, Wellington, 1985

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Raglan County (including Huntly Borough,

Ngaruawahia Borough), [New ed.], New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Wellington,

c1988


January 2009

24

New Zealand Historic Places Trust, Waitomo County, Otorohanga County, New Zealand

Historic Places Trust, 1989

Vernon, R T, Around Raglan: Index of names, prepared by J.M. Gibbons, Hamilton

Public Library, Hamilton, 1981?

Wilkes, Owen, ‘Site recording, Site Types, and Site Distribution on the King Country

Coastline’, Archaeology in New Zealand, vol. 38, No. 4, December 1995, pp 236-256

Personal Recollections

Alexander, Rev. R W W (Robert William Wiseman), The Experiences of the Rev. R W W

Alexander among the Russians, Lumberjacks, Cowboys in Western Canada: and in the

Backblocks of New Zealand at Whangamomona, Kawhia, Murchison, R Lucas & Son

(Nelson Mail), Nelson, 1946, new edition by Kiwi Publishers, Christchurch, c1995

Bryers, Dudie, edited by Judith Holloway, A King Country Life, Bryers Family, Otaki,

2000

Cooke, Ron, ed., Waitanguru: The great transformation: A collection of memories

depicting optimism, disaster and progress of the Waitanguru, Mangaotaki, Ngapaenga

and Mairoa districts, compiled by Stan Frederikson, published for Waitanguru Jubilee

Committee by C & S Publications, Taumarunui, 1990

Cowan, James, The Bush Explorers: A memory of the King Country: swag and camp in

the Rohepotae forest (about 1891 or 1892), and Mt Egmont; further reminiscences,

Canterbury Times, Christchurch, 1916

Fitz-William, Elsie, Life at the Oaks: Memories of Raglan & Hamilton 1890-1912, edited

by Joyce Neill; with a foreword by H C M Norris, Pegasus, Christchurch, 1975


January 2009

25

Hayman, Frances, with a foreword by Mary Scott, King Country Nurse, Blackwood and

Janet Paul, Auckland, 1964

Hopkins, H W, A Settler’s Story: Former King Country resident, the late Mr. Hopkins’

experiences, Taumarunui Press, Taumarunui, 1953-1955

Johnstone, Bernice Monrath, Not a Pioneer!: A memoir of Waipa and Raglan, 1871-

1960: Memories of Bernice Monrath Johnstone of Three Oaks, Whatawhata, New

Zealand, edited and annotated by Patricia R. Roberts, P R Roberts, Ottawa, 2004

Lawson, John, Baxter, ‘Reminiscences of an Early King Country Settler’, [pt 1]

Footprints of History, No. 2, May 1989, pp 33-34

________________, ‘Reminiscences of an Early King Country Settler’, [pt 2] Footprints

of History, No. 4, May 1990, pp 87-89

________________, ‘Reminiscences of an Early King Country Settler’, [pt 3] Footprints

of History, November 1990, No.5, pp 106-109

Massey, Jean, And Life Goes On--, Dargaville, 1986?

Norman, Lilian, High Heels to Gumboots, Minerva, London, 1997

Riddle, Colin John, Pioneering at Aria, C. J. Riddle, 1960

Riddle, C J, No Greater Purpose, Delcia & John Crothers, Auckland, 1991

Scott, Ellis, ‘Memories of a Country Mill Town, 1900-1930’, Journal of the New Zealand

Federation of Historical Societies, vol. 1 No. 10, July 1980, pp 29-31


January 2009

26

Sullivan, W. A., ‘Honikiwi Settler Family had hole in Bank Kitchen’, Footprints of

History, No. 12, May 1994, pp 12-15

Sutherland, Phyllis Pretoria Grey, My Life Story: Reminiscences of a King Country Girl,

P Sutherland, Tauranga, 1997

Westmacott, H F, The After-breakfast Cigar: Selected memoirs of a King Country settler,

Reed, Wellington, 1977

Winter, N A, The King Country: Recollections of an old timer, Farrell Printing,

Auckland, 1937

Family Histories and Whakapapa

Andersen, J C & Petersen, G C, The Mair Family, Wellington, Reed 1965

Barrett, John Richard Te Rongotoa, Ngati Te Maawe: The Barretts of Waiharakeke,

Kawhia, New Zealand, Ngati Te Maawe, Wainuiomata, 1986

Biggs, Bruce, The Descendants of Te Huetu: Te Heutu family reunion at Te Keeti Marae,

Labour Weekend 1982, B Biggs, Auckland, 1982

Eyre, Phyllis, Eyre Family Reunion: Pirongia, 20-22 October, 1859-1989, P Eyre,

Hamilton, 1989

Gartner reunion: Otorohanga, 25th January 1986, J. Smith, Express Print, Hamilton,

1986

Hall, V B, W. H. V. Hall and family in Ororohanga Town and District, 1912-1965, Viv B

and Elaine N. Hall, Wellington, 2005


January 2009

27

Howe, G P, From Kent to Kawhia: The Cowell Story, G. P Howe, W J Deed Printing,

Auckland, 1983

Family Re-union of Louis Hetet & Rangituatahi, January 29th to 31st, 1971, King

Country Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1971

Hamilton Public Library, ‘King Tawhiao: The Second Maori King’, one in a series of

biographical information kits on notable people, compiled by Glynis Rollo and Donald

Gregory, Hamilton Public Library, Hamilton, 1997

Hamilton Public Library, ‘Tainui Personages of Note’, one in a series of biographical

information kits on notable people, compiled by Glynis Taylor and Donald Gregory,

Hamilton Public Library, Hamilton, 1998

Turner, T.M., Hetet reunion held at Te Kuiti Marae: 31st December 1994 to 3rd January

1995, Te Kuiti, 1995

Marae and Tribal Histories

Barrett-Aranui, Hinekahukura, A Gossamer of Wisdom: Truths enshrouded within the

ancestral house of Ngaati Maniapoto, University of Waikato, Waikato Print, Hamilton,

1999

Buckeridge, C R, Reflections of the Aotea, P W Buckeridge, Raglan, 1985

Clark, Charlton, ‘Te Miringa Te Kakara will rise again’, Historic Places in New Zealand,

No. 1, June 1983, pp 22-24

Crown, P N (Piripi Nga Whira) & Te Ruki, G S, Te Kete Korero: He kohinga korero

kaumatua: nga tupuna taketake o Ngati Maniapoto = The founding ancestors of

Maniapoto, Kowhai Consulting, Te Kuiti, 2004


January 2009

28

Eketone, P and Ormsby, John, Te Nehenehe nui. Nehenehenui: Ko te kawenata o Ngati

Maniapoto me ona hapu maha / he mea tuhi i raro i te mana o te iwi o Ngati Maniapoto;

Other Title: Nehenehe nui. Nehenehenui. Nehenehe nui. Nehenehenui, Te Kuiti, 1904

Going, Patricia H, Who We Are, P H Going, New Zealand, 2007

Kelly, Leslie George, Tainui: The story of Hoturoa and his descendants, Polynesian

Society, Wellington, 1949

Jones, Pei Te Hurinui, A Souvenir Memoir: The dedication of Auau-ki-te-rangi Meeting

House at Maketu, Kawhia, Offset Printers, Hamilton, 1962

Koha [videorecording], Te Kuiti meeting-house, New Zealand Television Archive,

Lower Hutt, 1981, 1 videocassette (9 min.)

Maketu Marae Trustees, Te Tumu o Tainui: A Commemorative souvenir of the opening of

Te Tini o Tainui Dining Hall by the Prime Minister the Rt. Hon. David Lange, Maketu

Marae, Kawhia, November 1, 1986, compiled under the direction of Tuauru Forbes, with

Te Kohu Douglas editor, assisted by Te Aue Davis, Maketu Marae Trustees, Kawhia,

1986

Phillips, F L, Landmarks of Tainui = Nga tohu a Tainui: A geographical record of Tainui

traditional history, Tohu Publishers, Otorohanga, 1989-1995

Taitoko, Wayne, Maniapoto Maaori Trust Board: A tribal history, [draft], Centre for

Maaori Studies and Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 1990

Te Kuiti Marae Board of Trustees, Maori committee affiliated to the N.Z. Maori Council,

Te Tokanganui-A-Noho: Centennial programme 1872-1972, Te Tokanganui-a-noho

Centennial Committee, Maxwell Printing Auckland, 1972


January 2009

29

Te Kuiti Marae Board of Trustees, Maori Committee affiliated to the New Zealand Maori

Council, Te Tokanganui-a-noho: Second century, Te Tokanganui-a-noho Committee,

1972

Turner, T M, Hetet Reunion held at Te Kuiti Marae: 31st December 1994 to 3rd January

1995, Te Kuiti, 1995

For the Descendants of Turimanu & Tika Hemotitaha: Family reunion, held at Te Keeti

Marae, Otorohanga, Labour Weekend 1992, compiled by Mary Christina Mahinarangi

Forbes-Edwards, M. Forbes-Edwards, Cambridge, 1992

Maori Land Blocks

Priest, R, ‘Mangapapa B2 Block’, report for the Waikato Valley Authority

Geology and Mining

Cheeseman, T F, ‘On the Botany of the Pirongia Mountain’, Transactions and

Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 12, 1879, pp 817-829

Cussen, Lawerence, ‘Notes on the Physiography and Geology of the King Country’,

Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 20, 1887, pp

316-332

Hector, James, (Director of Geological Survey of New Zealand), ‘On Mining in New

Zealand’, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol 2,

1869, pp 361-384

Hector, James, ‘Mokau District. New Zealand’, Colonial Museum and Geological Survey

Department/Reports of geological explorations during 1878-79, with maps and sections,

No. 12, 1879, pp 20-22


January 2009

30

Hector, James, ‘Kawhia District, New Zealand’, in Colonial Museum and Geological

Survey Department/Reports of geological explorations: During 1878-79, with maps and

sections, No. 16, 1884, p xxxiii

Hutton, F W, ‘On the Relative Ages of the New Zealand Coal Fields’, Transactions and

Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 22, 1889, pp 377-387

McKay, A, ‘On the geology of the Kawhia District’, Preliminary Report by Alexander

McKay, in James Hector (ed.), New Zealand, Colonial Museum and Geological Survey

Department/Reports of geological explorations during 1883-84, with maps and sections,

No. 16, 1884, pp 140-148

Purser, E (communicated by Hustwick, T H), ‘Iron from the Titaniferous Sand of New

Zealand’, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 28,

1895, pp 689-694

Park, James (of the Geological Survey Department), ‘On the Extent and Duration of

Workable Coal in New Zealand’, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of

New Zealand, vol. 21, 1888, pp 325-331

__________, (Lecturer, Thames School of Mines), ‘On the Occurance of Granite and

Gneissic Rocks in the King Country, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society

of New Zealand, vol. 25, 1892, pp 353-362

‘Hochstetter Centenary’, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New

Zealand, vol. 88, 1960-61, pp 57-58

Resource and Land Use Studies

Abel, D C, Abel G and Kirby J M, The King Country: A regional resource survey, King

Country Regional Development Council, Te Kuiti, 1978


January 2009

31

Acheron, ‘King Country Story: Broken landscape: background’, 1937

Fox, James Walter, ‘Land Use and Utilisation in the Northern King Country’, PhD thesis,


Ishida, Hiroshi, ‘A Geography of Contemporary Maori Agriculture’, PhD thesis,


Kirby, J M and Willis, R P, The King Country: A regional resource survey, King Country

Regional Development Council, Te Kuiti, 1987

Ministry of Works, A Preliminary Study of the King Country-Taupo District, Town and

Country Planning Branch, Ministry of Works, Wellington, 1955

Taranaki Iron Sand: A metal romance: being a history of the efforts during the past 75

years to convert the sands to commercial uses, G W Woon and W Collins, New

Plymouth, 1917

Sawmilling and Timber Industry

Groome, J G, The Role of Pureora Sawmill in the King Country economy, J G &

Associates, Taupo, 1978

Higham, J R, Menzies, S P, Social and Economic Impact of Indigenous Forestry in the

Pureora area, Business Development Centre University of Otago, Dunedin, 1978

Holm, R C J, Logs and Locomotives: A King Country bushman’s story, B Holm, Lower

Hutt, 1989

New Zealand Forest Service, Tainui Kawhia State Forest, New Zealand Forest Service,

Auckland, 1982


January 2009

32

New Zealand Forest Service, Sawmilling in the King Country: An historical review, New

Zealand Forest Service, Wellington, 1983

Somerville, John Charles, ‘The Timber Industry of the King Country’, MSc thesis,

University of Canterbury, 1965

Smith, Una Lynette, ‘Life in a King Country Saw-milling Village: Te Koura 1929-1937’,

Historical Review: Bay of Plenty Journal of History, vol. 25, No.1, May 1977, pp 51-53

‘Logging of the Northern Rangitoto Native Bush’, Footprints of History, No. 27,

December 2002, pp 37-41

Academic Material

On early accounts

Bagnall, A G, ‘Alexander Turnbull’s first book’, Turnbull Library Record, vol. 11, No. 2,

October 1978, pp 73-90 [Critiques The King Country by J H Kerry-Nicholls, which was

the first book in the collection of Alexander Turnbull. Details the background against

which the book was written and the influence it had on the young Turnbull].

Gordon, Mona, The Golden Age of Josiah Clifton Firth, Pegusus Press, Christchurch,

1963

Main, William, ‘Burton’s Maori at Home: Notes towards an analysis and interpretation of

nineteenth century photographic concepts and concerns’, Art New Zealand, No. 45,

Summer 1988, pp 78-81

Old land claims

Maloney, Pat, ‘Savagery and Civilization: Early Victorian Notions’, New Zealand

Journal of History, vol. 35, No. 2, 2001, pp 153-176


January 2009

33

Monin, Paul, ‘The Maori Economy at Hauraki 1840-1880’, The New Zealand Journal of

History, vol. 29, No. 2, 1995, pp 197-210

Monin, Paul, This is My Place: Hauraki Contested, 1679-1875, Bridget Williams Books,

Wellington, 2001

Parsonson, Ann, ‘The Pursuit of Mana’, in The Oxford History of New Zealand W H

Oliver, and B R Williams, (eds.), Oxford University Press, Wellington, 1981, pp 140-167

______________ ‘The Challenge to Mana Maori’ in The Oxford History of New Zealand,

2nd Edition, Geoffrey Rice (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1992, pp 167-200

______________ ‘The Fate of Maori Rights in Early Colonial New Zealand: The Limits

of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Doctrine of Aboriginal Title’ in Law, History &

Colonialism: The Reach of Empire, Diane Kirkby and Catherine Coleborne (eds.),

Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2001, pp 173-189

Porter, Andrew, ‘Empires of the Mind’, in Cambridge Illustrated History of the British

Empire, P J Marshall (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996, pp 185 -

223

Wyatt, P, ‘The Old Land Claims and the Concept of Sale’, MA thesis, University of

Auckland, 1991

Missionaries and churches

Annan, R. J., O’er Moor and Fen on Foot for Christ: The story of a missionary journey

through Waikato, King Country and Barrier Island, 5th ed., Edgeley Press, Stockport,

1928


January 2009

34

Branzendale, G, John Whiteley and the Land Question, Wesleyan Historical Society,

1991-92, No. 58

Brazendale, G, John Whiteley: Land Sovereignty and the Land Wars of the Nineteenth

Century, Wesleyan Historical Society, 1996, No. 64

Carter, G G, John Whiteley, Missionary Martyr, Wesleyan Historical Society, 1952, vol.

10, No.3

Chappell, A B, John Whiteley, Missionary Martyr, Wesleyan Historical Society, parts

1-4, 1935-36, vol. 20, parts 4-7

Greenslade, William W H, John Whiteley, 1806-1869, Wesleyan Historical Society,

1968, vol. 24, Nos. 3 & 4

Greenwood, William, Riemenschneider of Warea, A H & A W Reed, Wellington, 1967

Hammer, G E J, A Pioneer Missionary: Raglan to Mokau, 1844-1880: Cort Henry

Schnackenberg, Wesley Historical Society, Wellington, 1991

He Parana mo te Ra Tapu: Mo nga kaikauwhau o te Hahi Weteriana o Aotea o Kawhia,

1856-1857 = A Lord’s Day plan, Auckland, 1856

Hunt, C G, Some Notes on the Wesleyan Mission at Aotea, Wesley Historical Society,

Auckland, [n.d.]

Laurenson, George, Te Hahi Weteriana: Three half centuries of the Methodist Maori

Mission, 1822-1972, Wesley Historical Society of New Zealand, Auckland, 1972


January 2009

35

Leadley, Alan, A Brief History of the Kawhia Methodist Mission, 1834-1994:160 years of

Methodism at Kawhia, Waikato-Bay of Plenty Bicultural Working Group, Hamilton,

1994

Luxton, C T J, Reverend James Wallis, Wesleyan Historical Society, Auckland, 1965,

vol. 21, Nos. 1 & 2

Lydford, David Paul, Rose petals for God = Puti puti mo-te Atua: being a history of

Methodism in the Waipa-Pirongia-Te Awamutu: 150 years, 1841-1991, Puti puti mo-te

Atua, D P Lydford, Te Awamutu, 1991

Oettli, Peter, God’s Messenger: J F Riemenschneider and racial conflict in nineteenth

century New Zealand, Huia Publishers, Wellington, 2008

Peake, Leonard, 75th jubilee of the Otorohanga Methodist Church: Mother church of the

King Country, Otorohanga Methodist Church, Otorohanga, 1978

Smith, Leslie P G., Fifty years’ Witness (1899-1949) of the Church of England in the

King Country, Parochial District of St. Luke, Te Kuiti Chronicle, Te Kuiti, 1950

Wood, Peter (compiled), Great was their Faithfulness: A history of the Anglican Church

in the Piopio-Ari-Mahoenui district, 1906-1975, C Coleman, Te Kuiti, 1998

Maori Prophets and religious movements

Elsmore, Bronwyn, Mana from Heaven: A Century of Maori Prophets in New Zealand,

Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd., Auckland, 1999 (2004 reprint)


January 2009

36

Maori and the Crown

Hamer, P, ‘Nature and Natives: Transforming and saving the indigenous in New

Zealand’, MA thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 1992

Locke, Elsie, ‘How the land was lost: The third wave’, Te Karanga, vol. 4, No. 4,

February 1989, pp 25-29

O’Malley, Vincent, ‘Land Deeds as Treaties: The New Zealand Experience’, A Paper

Presented to the 17th Annual Australian and New Zealand Law and History Society

Conference, La Trobe University, Melbourne, July 1998

Ward, Alan, A Show of Justice: Racial amalgamation in nineteenth century New Zealand,

Auckland University Press, Auckland, 1995, reprint

Vennell, C W and Taylor, Alan, ‘Louis Hetet: Government Agent in the King Country’,

Historical Journal Auckland-Waikato, No. 30, April 1977, pp 12-16

Williams, John A., Politics of the New Zealand Maori, Protest and Cooperation, 1891-

1909, Auckland University Press/Oxford University Press, Auckland, 1969

Iwi/hapu structures & histories

Ballara, Angela, Iwi: The Dynamics of Maori Tribal Organization from c 1769 to c 1945,

Victoria University Press, Wellington, 1998

Campbell, Susan Kiri Leah, ‘Structures of Maori Society in Taranaki, 1881-1911’, MA

thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 1995

Gudgeon, W. E. ‘The Tangata Whenua of Aboriginal People of the Central Districts of

the North Island of New Zealand, Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 2, 1893


January 2009

37

Winiata, Maharaia, ‘The Changing Role of the Leader in Maori society - A study in

social change and race relations’, PhD thesis, Edinburgh University, 1954

Iwi and hapu and response to colonisation

Ballara, Angela, ‘The Pursuit of Mana? A re-evaluation of the process of land alienation

by Maori, 1840-1890’, Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 91, 1982, p 519

Banner, Stuart, ‘Conquest by Contract: Wealth transfer and land market structure in

colonial New Zealand’, Law and Society Review, No. 34, vol. 47. 2000

___________, ‘New Zealand: Conquest by contract’, in Banner Stuart, Possessing the

Pacific: Land, settlers, and indigenous people from Australia to Alaska, Harvard

University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 2007, pp 47-127

Head, Lyndsay, ‘The Pursuit of Modernity in Maori Society: The conceptual bases of

citizenship in the early colonial period’ in Histories Power and Loss: Uses of the Past – A

New Zealand Commentary, Andrew Sharp and Paul McHugh (eds), Bridget Williams

Books, Wellington, 2002, pp 97-121

Layton, Brent, ‘Alienation Rights in Traditional Maori Society: A reconsideration’

Journal of the Polynesian Society, No. 93, vol. 423, 1984

Parsonson, Ann, ‘The Pursuit of Mana’, in The Oxford History of New Zealand, W H

Oliver, and B R Williams, (eds.), Oxford University Press, Wellington, 1981, pp 140-167

______________ ‘The Challenge to Mana Maori’ in The Oxford History of New Zealand,

2nd Edition, Geoffrey Rice (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1992, pp 167-200

______________ ‘The Fate of Maori Rights in Early Colonial New Zealand: The Limits

of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Doctrine of Aboriginal Title’ in Law, History &


January 2009

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Petrie, Hazel, ‘Bitter Recollections? Thomas Chapman and Benjamin Ashwell on Maori

flourmills and ships in the mid-nineteenth century’, New Zealand Journal of History, vol.

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Petrie, Hazel, Chiefs of Industry: Maori tribal enterprise in early colonial New Zealand,

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Phillips, F. L., ‘Mohoao-Nui Flour Mill - first industry at Otorohanga’, Footprints of

History, No. 16, April 1996, pp 8-10

Porter, Andrew, ‘Empires of the Mind’, in Cambridge Illustrated History of the British

Empire, P J Marshall (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1996, pp 185-

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Sorrenson, Keith, ‘Maori and Pakeha’, in The Oxford History of New Zealand, W H

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_____________, ‘The Construction of Property Rights on Imperial Frontiers: The case of

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_____________, The Great Land Rush and the Making of the Modern World, 1650-1900,

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Webster, Steven, ‘Maori Hapu as a Whole Way of Struggle: 1840s-1850s before the

Land Wars’, Oceania, vol. 69, 1998, pp 5-7

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Belich, James, The New Zealand Wars and the Victorian Interpretation of Racial

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Cowan, James, The New Zealand Wars: A history of the Maori campaigns and the

pioneering period, 2 vols, Government Printer, Wellington, 1983 (originally published in

1922)

Cowan, James, Book of the Maori Chiefs, Texas Company (Australasia), Wellington,

1933

Dalton, B J, War and Politics in New Zealand 1855-1870, Sydney University Press,

Sydney, 1967

Sinclair, Keith, The Origins of the Maori Wars, 2nd edition, Auckland University

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Sinclair Keith, Kinds of Peace: Maori people after the wars, 1870-85, Auckland

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Ward, Alan, ‘The Origins of the Anglo-Maori Wars: A reconsideration’, New Zealand

Journal of History, vol.1, No. 2, October 1967

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Adams, Tui; Te Uira, Ngahinaturae and Parsonson, Ann, ‘“Behold a Kite Flies Towards

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History, vol. 31, No. 1, April 1997, pp 99-116

Donnelly, B M, ‘The Maori King Movement’, thesis, University of Auckland, 1949

Gorst, J E, The Maori King or the Story of our Quarrel with the Natives of New Zealand,

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_______, Our New Zealand Conquests, Macmillan, London, 1865

_______, New Zealand Revisited: Recollections of the days of my youth, Sir Isaac Pitman

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Keenan, Danny, ‘A Turbulent Time’, Mana: The Maori News Magazine for all New

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Kirkwood, Carmen, Tawhiao: King or Prophet?, MAI Systems, Huntly, c2000

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Parsonson, Ann R, ‘Te Mana o Te Kingitanga: A Study of Waikato-Ngatimaniapoto

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Canterbury, 1972

Parsonson, Ann R, ‘He Whenua Te Utu (The Payment Will Be Land)’, PhD thesis,

University of Canterbury, 1978

Perry, E W G, ‘The History of the Maori King Movement until the Taranaki War’, thesis,

1930

Stokes, Evelyn, Wiremu Tamihana: Rangatira, Huia Publishers, Wellington, 2002

Sorrenson, M P K, ‘The Maori King Movement, 1858-1885’, in Chapman Robert and

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Thorne, M C, ‘The King Maker: The part played by Wiremu Tamihana Te Warahu in the

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Vennell, C W, ‘Maori Parliament at Maungakawa’, Journal of the New Zealand

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Anderson, Tracy, Boundary Crossings: Fred Mace and surveying in the King Country,

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Byrnes, Giselle, ‘Inventing New Zealand: Surveying, science, and the construction of

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_____________________, ‘Surveying - Maori and the Land: An essay in historical

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_____________________, Boundary Markers: Land surveying and the colonisation of

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Craig, Dick, ‘Surveyor Hursthouse Prominent in Exploration of King Country’,

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De Vries, Barbara Florence, ‘The Role of the Land Surveyor in the Development of New

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Easedale, N Kairuri, The Measurers of Land, New Zealand Institute of Surveyors,

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McRae, J A (ed.) The Surveyor and the Law, New Zealand Institute of Surveyors,

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Patterson, Bradford Richard, ‘Reading Between the Lines: People, politics and the

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Victoria University of Wellington, 1984

Powell, J R, ‘Diary Records how Surveyor Travelled to Kawhia in 1904’, Footprints of

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Skinner, W H, Reminiscences of a Taranaki Surveyor, Thomas Avery and Sons, New

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Railway

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Bagnall, A G, ‘The North Island Main Trunk Railway’, in New Zealand’s Heritage: The

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Cowan, J, Romance of the Rail through the Heart of New Zealand: The North Island

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1928

Drayton, Mary Josephine, ‘The development of the Railway System of New Zealand,

1870-1881’, MA thesis, Victoria University College, 1936

Fletcher, R S, Single Track: The Construction of the North Island Main Trunk Railway,

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Gee, F E, ‘The North Island Main Trunk Railway, N. Z., a study in the politics of railway

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Harvey, G G, ‘The place of the Railway in the Transport Problem of the North Island’,

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Johnson, Christine, Larson, Ruth & Ramshaw, Kevin (compilers), Main Trunk: Portait of

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Leitch, D B, Railways of New Zealand, Newton Abbot, David Charles, 1972

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19--?

Pierre, B, North Island Main Trunk Line: An illustrated history, Wellington, 1981

Stewart, James, ‘The Rotorua Railway and District’, Transactions and Proceedings of the

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Stock, M J, ‘The Development of the Railway System of New Zealand, 1870-1881’,

thesis, 1936

Stone, R C J, ‘The Thames Valley and Rotorua Railway Company Limited 1882-1889: A

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New Zealand Journal of History, vol. 8, no. 1, April 1974

Waterson, Duncan Bruce, ‘Railways and politics, 1908-1928: A study in the politics of

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Auckland, 1959

‘Reminiscences of an Early King Country settler’, Footprints of History, no. 3, October

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‘An 1886 impression of north King Country's potential’, Footprints of History, No. 6,

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‘Plan of route and report of exploring survey party sent by the Provincial Government of

Taranaki to ascertain the nature of the country between the Waitara and Wanganui rivers

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Wanganui line of railway, in the direction of the Waikato’, printed by the New Zealand

Times Newspaper Co., Wellington, 1875

Maori Land Court

Binney, Judith, ‘The Native Land Court and the Maori Communities 1865-1890’, in

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Gilling, Bryan, ‘Engine of Destruction? An Introduction to the History of the Maori Land

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Mikaere, Annabel, ‘The Balance Destroyed: The consequences for Maori women of the

colonisation of Tikanga Maori’, MJur (Jurisprudence) thesis, University of Waikato,

1995

Newell, R H, ‘The Role of the Maori Land Court’, LLM thesis, University of Canterbury,

1979

Parsonson, Ann, ‘Stories for Land: Oral Narratives in the Maori land Court’ in Bain

Attwood and Fiona Magowan (eds.) Telling Stories: Indigenous history and memory in

Australia and New Zealand, Bridget Williams Books, Wellington, 2001, pp 21-40

Williams, D V, Te Kooti Tango Whenua: The Native Land Court 1864-1909, Huia

Publishers, Wellington, 1999


January 2009

47

Kotahitanga

Cox, Lindsay, ‘Kotahitanga: The search for Maori political unity’, MA thesis, Massey

University, 1991

Maori committees

O'Malley, V, Agents of Autonomy: Maori Committees in the Nineteenth century, Huia

Publishers, Wellington, 1998

Pre-1865 Crown purchasing

Belgrave, Michael, ‘Pre-emption, the Treaty of Waitangi and the Politics of Crown

Purchase’, New Zealand Journal of History, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1997, p 37

Crown purchasing after 1865

Boast, R, Buying the Land, Selling the Land: Government and Maori Land in the North

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McDonald, J D N ‘A Brief Survey of Land Policy in New Zealand from 1876 to 1900’,

MA thesis, Auckland 1945

Sorrenson, M. P K, ‘The Purchase of Maori Lands, 1865-1892’, MA thesis, Auckland

University College, University of New Zealand, 1955

_____________, ‘Land Purchase Methods and their Effect on Maori Population, 1865-

1901’, Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol. 65, No. 3, September 1956


January 2009

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Native reserves

Boulton, Leanne, ‘Native Reserves, Assimilation and Self-determination: Te Atiawa, the

Crown and Settlers, North Taranaki, 1840-1875’, MA thesis, University of Canterbury,

2004

Johnson, Ralph, The Trust Administration of Maori Reserves, 1840-1913, Rangahaua

Whanui Series, National Theme L, 1997

Murray, J E, Crown Policy on Maori Reserved Land, 1840 to 1865, and Lands Restricted

from Alienation, 1865 to 1900, Rangahaua Whanui Series, National Theme L, 1997

Stout Ngata Commission

Dempsey, P E, ‘The Land Policy of the Stout-Vogel Ministry, 1884-1887’, MA thesis,


Walkington, Rachel Catharine, ‘The Greatest Mechanism ever for Solving the Maori

Land “Problem”?: A study of the Stout-Ngata Native Lands and Land Tenure

Commission, 1907-1909’, MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 1998

Politics and Government

Armstrong, W R, ‘The Politics of Development: A study of the structure of politics from

1870 to 1890’, MA Thesis (History), Victoria University of Wellington, 1960

Blackburn, Nicola, ‘An Ambivalent Agency: The administration of Native affairs by the

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Dempsey, P E, ‘The Land Policy of the Stout-Vogel Ministry, 1884-1887’, MA thesis,

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Dighton, J L, ‘Life and Work of John Ballance’, thesis, 1928

Fargher, Ray, The Best Man who ever Served the Crown?: A life of Donald McLean,

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Maloney, G S, ‘A History of the Ballance Ministry’, thesis, 1931

Martin, R J, ‘Aspects of Maori Affairs in the Liberal Period’, MA thesis, Victoria

University College, University of New Zealand, 1956

McIvor, Timothy J, ‘On Ballance: A biography of John Ballance, journalist and

politician, 1839-1893’, PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 1984

________________, The Rainmaker: A biography of John Ballance, journalist and

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New Zealand Journal of History vol. 1, No. 1, April 1967, pp 51-74


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Histories of Government departments

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Maori land policy, law and administration

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1911’, New Zealand Journal of History, April 1992, vol. 26, No. 1, pp 78-98

Brooking, T, ‘Use it or Lose it: Unravlelling the Land Debate in Late Nineteenth Century

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162

Davis, Sarah-Jane Birgetta, ‘Nineteenth Century Native Land Legislation versus

Customary Maori Tenure: Case studies: Motukaraka, Te Tapuwae, Te Karae’, MA thesis,


Duncan, J S, ‘The Land for the People: Land Settlement and Rural Population

Movements, 1886-1906’, in M McCaskill, ed., Land and Livelihood: Geographical

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Fairweather J R, Land Policy and Land Settlement in New Zealand: An analysis of land

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Jourdain, W R, Land Legislation and Settlement in New Zealand, Department of Lands

and Survey, Government Printer, Wellington, 1925

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Kizito, Joe, ‘The Administration of State Land Development and Settlement in New

Zealand’, MA thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 1969

McDonald, J D N, ‘A Brief Survey of Land Policy in New Zealand from 1876-1900’,

MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1945

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Zealand vol. 5, No. 19, November 1952, pp 195-211

Mackay, James, Our Dealings with Maori Lands; or, comments on European Dealings

for the Purchase and Lease of Native Lands, and the Legislation Thereon, Kidd &

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McKinney, John Bolton, ‘The Evolution of a Legal Title to Land formerly held under

Maori Custom and Usage; or, the effect of Native Land Laws on Maori Custom’, MA

thesis, Victoria University College, 1939

Riseborough, Hazel, ‘Policies and Prophesies: Aspects of Government Native Policy,

1878-1884’, PhD thesis, Massey University, 1987

Salmond, Sir John, ‘Notes on the History of Native-Land Legislation’, reprinted in vol. 6

of The Public Acts of New Zealand 1908-1931, Butterworth, Wellington, 1932

Smith, Norman, Native Custom and Law Affecting Native Land, Maori Purposes Fund

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Ward, Alan. A Show of Justice: ‘Racial Amalgamation’ in Nineteenth Century New

Zealand. Auckland, 1974

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in the Superior Courts, 1840-1980, School of Social and Cultural Studies, University of

Auckland, Auckland, 2005

Social history & anthropology

Duff, Heather, Reconsidering masculinities in early twentieth-century King Country: the

role of religious ideas in shaping identities, 2004

Regional studies

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Cambridge, New Zealand, 1975

Stokes, Evelyn, Mokau: Maori Cultural and Historical Perspectives, University of

Waikato, Hamilton, 1988

Stokes, E, ‘King Country Pioneers’, New Zealand’s Heritage, 1972, vol. 5, no. 64, pp

1771-1775

Demography

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University, 1964

Pool, Ian, Te Iwi Maori: A New Zealand Population Past, Present and Projected,

Auckland University Press, Auckland, 1991


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53

Other

McCan, David, Whatiwhatihoe: The Waikato Raupatu Claim, Huia Publishers,

Wellington, 2001

Curnow Jennifer; Hopa, Ngapare, and McRae, Jane (eds.), Rere Atu Taku Manu!

Discovering History, Language & Politics in the Maori Language Newspapers, Auckland

University Press, Auckland, 2002

Reports of the Waitangi Tribunal

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Waitangi Tribunal, Turanga Tangata Turanga Whenua: The Report on the Turanganui a

Kiwa Claims, Legislation Direct, Wellington, 2004

Waitangi Tribunal, The Hauraki Report, Legislation Direct, Wellington, 2006

Waitangi Tribunal, He Maunga Rongo: Report on Central North Island Claims Stage

One, Legislation Direct, Wellington, 2008

Waitangi Tribunal research and other reports

Rohe Potae and surrounding inquiry districts

Ahikaa Research Ltd., ‘Ngati Tuwharetoa Oral and Traditional History Report’, Wai 903,

#A150 [Confidential refer to #2.3.61 for confidentiality restrictions]

Anderson, Robyn, ‘Whanganui Iwi & the Crown 1865-1880’, Wai 903 #A70

Anderson, Robyn, ‘Whanganui Iwi & the Crown 1880-1900, Wai 903, #A71


January 2009

54

Bargh, Brian and Cross, Suzanne, The Whanganui District, (Rangahaua Whanui District

9), April 1996

Byrnes, Giselle, ‘Ngati Tama Ancillary Claims’, report commissioned by the Waitangi

Tribunal, 1995, Wai 143, #M21

Herlihy, B, ‘The Mokau-Mohakatino & Mohakatino-Paranihinihi Blocks (including

Rohepotae block), Wai 143, #I24

Loveridge, Donald, ‘The Crown and the Opening of the King Country, 1882-1885’, Wai

1130, #A72

Marr, Cathy, The Alienation of Maori Land in the Rohe Potae (Aotea Block), 1840-1920,

December 1996

__________, The Alienation of Maori Land in the Rohe Potae (Aotea Block), Part 2:

1900 – 1960, August 1999

__________,‘The Waimarino Purchase Report: The investigation, purchase and creation

of reserves in the Waimarino block, and associated issues’, 2004, Wai 903, #A60

Stirling, Bruce, ‘Taupo-Kaingaroa Nineteenth Century Overview (Central North Island

Inquiry)’, Crown Forestry Rental Trust, 2004, 2 vols, Wai 1200, #A71

Ward, Alan, ‘Whanganui ki Maniapoto: preliminary historical report Wai 48 and related

claims’, Wai 903 #A11

Young, Grant, ‘Northern Whanganui Cluster Oral and Traditional History Report’, Wai

903, #A114 [Confidential, refer to #2.3.61 for confidentiality restrictions]


January 2009

55

Young, Grant and Belgrave, Michael, ‘Ngati Haua Oral and Traditional History Report’,

Wai 903, #A108 [Confidential, refer to #2.3.61 for confidentiality restrictions]

Iwi specific

Moore, Duncan, ‘Explanatory information in Support of the Ngati Raukawa Land

Alienation Maps and Database’, Wai 443 (no document number assigned)

Block histories

Byrnes, Giselle M, ‘The Mohakatino-Parininihi Block and the Mokau Mohakatino No. 1

Block’, Wai 143, #M21

Herlihy, Brian, ‘Mokau–Mohakatino and Mohakatino-Parininihi Blocks (including

Rohepotae block)’, Wai 143, #I2

Marr, Cathy, ‘The Mokau Blocks and the Ngati Maniapoto Urgency Claim’, Wai 800,

#A1

Taitoko, Wayne, ‘A History of the Tokanui Blocks’, Wai 440, #A1

Old land claims (Pre-Treaty transactions)

Armstrong, David Anderson, ‘The Land Claims Commission – practice and procedure,

1840–1845’, Wai 45, #I4

Ballara, Angela, ‘Customary Maori Land Tenure in Te Tau Ihu (the Northern South

Island), 1820–1860’, Wai 785, #D1

Bayley, Nicholas, ‘Aspects of the Economic History of Whanganui Maori in the

Whanganui Inquiry District (Wai 903) 1880-2000’, Wai 903, #A145


January 2009

56

Loveridge, D M, ‘The New Zealand Land Claims Act of 1840’. Wai 45, #I2

Berwick, Patricia E, ‘Land and Land Ownership in the Wellington Tenths and Taranaki:

The gap between tangata whenua and Crown concepts in the 1840s’, Wai 145, #E9

Geiringer, Claudia; Wyatt, Philippa, ‘Issues from the Evidence of Dr A Gould and F

Sinclair, Relating to Crown in Muriwhenua 1850-1865’, Wai 45, #L5

Head, L F, ‘An Analysis of in the Report of Dr. M Mutu on Crown Purchases in

Muriwhenua, 1840-1865’, Wai 45, #J7

Head, L and MacDonald, L, ‘Maori Land Tenure and Chiefly Authority in Whanganui,

1840-1865: A study based in contemporary Maori writing’, Wai 903, #A113

Head, L F, ‘An Analysis of Linguistic Issues Raised in Margaret Mutuu (1992) “Tuku

Whenua or Land Sale” and Joan Metge (1992) “Cross Cultural Communications and

Land Transfer in Western Muriwhenua 1832-1840” ’, Wai 45, #G5

Loveridge, Donald M, ‘ “Object of the First Importance”: Rights, Claims and

Colonization in New Zealand, 1839-1852’, Wai 863, #A81

Metge, Joan, ‘Cross-Cultural Communication and Land Transfer in Western Muriwhenua

1832-40’, Wai 45, #F13

Moore, Duncan; Rigby, Barry; Russell, Matthew, Old Land Claims, Rangahaua Whanui

Series, National Theme A, 1997

Mutu, Margaret, ‘Tuku Whenua or Land Sale?’, Wai 45, #F12


January 2009

57

Phillipson, Grant, ‘Bay of Islands and the Crown, 1793-1853: An exploratory overview

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Salmond, A, ‘Likely Maori Understanding of Tuku and Hoko’, Wai 45, #D17

Sinclair, F, ‘Issues Arising From Pre-Treaty Land Transactions’, Wai 45, #I3

Smith, T, ‘Tukuwhenua and Maori Land Tenure in Wairarapa’, Wai 863, #A45

Stirling, Bruce and Towers, Richard, ‘Northland Old land Claims, Surplus Land and

Scrip Land [Draft], a report commissioned by the Crown Forestry Rental Trust, July 2006

Wyatt, Philippa, ‘Issues Arising from the Evidence of F Sinclair, D Armstrong and B

Stirling – in reference to pre-Treaty land transactions’, Wai 45, #L6

Wyatt, Philippa, ‘The “Sale” of Land in Muriwhenua, a historical report on pre-1840 land

transactions, Wai 45, #F17

Pre-1865 Crown purchasing

Bassett, K and R, ‘Maori Reserves from the 1848 Crown Purchase of the Whanganui

Block c.1865-2002’, Wai 903, #A64

Gould, Ashley, ‘Crown Purchases in Muriwhenua to 1865’, Wai 45, #J4(b)

McHugh, Stephanie Louise, ‘The Issue of the Hawkes Bay Purchase Instructions, June

1848-Ooctober 1850’, Wai 201, #C2

McHugh, Stephanie Louise, ‘The Purchase of the Mohaka Block, December 1851’, Wai

201, #C4


January 2009

58

O’Malley, Vincent, ‘The Ahuriri Purchase: An Overview Report’, Wai 201, #J10

O’Malley, Vincent, “The Treaty of Ahuriri”: Supplementary evidence of Vincent

O’Malley in relation to the Ahuriri Purchase of 1851’, Wai 201, #O2

Parsonson, Ann, ‘Nga Whenua Tautohetohe o Taranaki: Land and conflict in Taranaki,

1839-1859, Wai 143 #A1(a)

Riddell, Kate, ‘Pre-1865 Crown purchases in the Coromandel Peninsula and Hauraki

region’, Wai 686, #A4

Rigby, Barry, ‘Empire on the Cheap: Crown policies and purchases in Muriwhenua,

1840-1850’, Wai 45, #F8

Rigby, Barry, ‘Question of Extinguishment: Crown in Muriwhenua, 1850-1865’, Wai 45,

#F9

Rigby, Barry; Francis, Andrew, ‘Wairarapa Crown Purchases, 1853–1854’, Wai 863,

#A33

Sinclair, Fergus, ‘Crown in Muriwhenua to 1865’, Wai 45, #J4(a)

Sinclair, Keith, ‘Evidence [re: Donald McLean]’, Wai 201, #A56

Wyatt, Philippa, ‘Crown Purchases in Muriwhenua, 1850-1865’, Wai 45, #H9

Maori land legislation – general

Boast, Richard, Maori Land Legislation 1862-1909: Vols 1 & 2, Wai 903, #A6 (ROI says

these are held in the Waitangi Tribunal Library)


January 2009

59

Boast, Richard, Legislation re Acquisition of Lands in Rohe Potae, 1864-1910, Wai 903

#A7 (ROI says it is held in the Waitangi Tribunal Library)

Nikora, Tarah and Bennion, Tom, Maori Land Legislation, 1862-1908, Waitangi

Tribunal Occasional Publication Series (1993), No. 1, 1993

Paul, Rachel, ‘Native Land Legislation from 1862 to 1880’, Wai 894, #A94

Surveying and surveyors

Cox, M, ‘A Report on Survey aspects [Pouakani district]’, Wai 33, #A2

Native Land Court - general

Gilling, Bryan, ‘The Nineteenth-Century Native Land Court Judges: An Introductory

Report’, Wai 814, #A78

___________, ‘The People, the Courts and the Lands: A Research Report for Ngariki

Kaiputahi’, Wai 814, #A32

Goldstone, Paul, ‘The Native Court at Wairarapa, 1865–1882’, Wai 863, #A86

Goldstone, Paul, ‘Hamiora Pere (Peri) – Part of 6’, Wai 814 G6 ‘The Native Land Court

at Poverty Bay, Turanga, 1874–1884 (Issues 12 and 13)’, Wai 814, #F4

Hayes, Robert, ‘Native Land Legislation, Post-1865 and the Operation of the Native Land

Court in Hauraki’, Wai 1200, #A86

Hayes, Robert, ‘Study of the origins of the Crown’s policy on imposing restrictions on

land alienation and its administration’, Wai 215, #M11


January 2009

60

Hayes, Robert, ‘Crown Purchases (16) [Gisborne]’, Wai 814 F22‘Joint Tenancy

(issue11)’, Wai 814, #F8

Hayes, Robert, ‘A Study of the Uses and Misuses of the 1891 Native Land Laws

Commission’, Wai 903, #A155

Head, L and MacDonald, L, ‘Maori Land Tenure and Chiefly Authority in Whanganui,

1840-1865: A study based in contemporary Maori writing’, Wai 903, #A113

Loveridge, Donald, ‘The Origins of the Native Land Acts and the Native Land Court in

New Zealand, Wai 1200, #A72

Phillipson, Grant, ‘The Ten Owner Rule: A Selection of Official Documents with

Commentary’, Wai 64, #K13

Pickens, Keith, ‘Introduction and Operation of the Native Court in the Central North

Island’, Wai 1200, #A78

Small, Fiona; Cleaver, Philip, ‘Rongowhakaata and the Native Land Court, 1873–1900’,

Wai 814, #A24

Native Land Court - leasing

Hayes, Robert, ‘Native Land Court: Leasing; Issue 14 [Gisborne]’, Wai 814, #F34

Loveridge, Donald, ‘The Adoption of Perpetually-Renewable Leases for Maori Reserved

Lands, 1887-1896, Wai 145, #C2


January 2009

61

Trust Commissioners

Hayes, Robert, ‘Commentary – Part One: Trust Commissioner Regime in the Wairarapa’,

Wai 863, # H4

Hayes, Robert, Protection Mechanisms: issue 17 [re: the role and performance of the

Trust Commissioners]’, Wai 814, #F15

Crown purchasing after 1865

Alexander, David James, ‘19th Century Crown Purchases of Ngati Makino Lands, Wai

1200, #A3

Belgrave, Michael, Auckland: Counting the hectares: quantifying Maori land loss in the

Auckland district, 1865-1908, Waitangi Tribunal, Rangahaua Whanui Series, District 1,

part 2, 1997

Edwards, Cecilia, ‘Crown purchasing in the Whanganui Inquiry District, 1865-1900’,

Wai 903, #A102

Hearn, Terry, “Creating a Public Estate”: Crown land purchasing in the Whanganui

Inquiry District 1865 to 2000’, Wai 903. #A110

Joel, A, ‘The Funding of Crown Purchases of Maori Lands in the North Island, 1870-

1910’, 2004, Wai 1200, #A77(a)

Loveridge, Donald, ‘The Development of Crown Policy on the Purchase of Maori Lands,

1865-1910: A preliminary survey’, Wai 1200, #A77

Macky, Michael, ‘Crown Purchasing in the Central District, 1870-1890’, Wai 1200,

#A81


January 2009

62

Mitchell, James S, ‘The Native Land Court and Maori Land Alienation Patterns in the

Whanganui District, 1865-1900’, Wai 903, #A58

Mitchell, James S, ‘Alienations in the Wairarapa, 1880-1900’, Wai 863, #A3

Pickens, Keith, ‘Introduction & Operation of the Native Land Court in the Whanganui

Inquiry District 1866-1899’, Wai 903, #A83

Rose, Kathryn, ‘The Bait and the Hook: Crown purchasing in Taupo and the Central Bay

of Plenty in the 1870s; An overview report’ Wai 1200, #A54

Walzl, Tony, ‘Purchasing in the Wairarapa, 1840-1854’, Wai 863, #A44

__________, ‘Evidence on the Pouakani purchases, 1885-1899’, Wai 33, #B6

Willan, R, Maori Land Sales, 1900-1930, Crown Forestry Rental Trust Twentieth

Century Land Administration Project Reports, 1996

Young, Grant, ‘The Alienation by Sale of the Hapu Estate of Ngati He at Tauranga

Moana; Volume one: The nineteenth century’, Wai 215, #L2


January 2009

63

Bibliography of primary sources for 19thc

century land issues projects in the Rohe Potae

Inquiry District

(1840 – 1907)


January 2009

64

Early Land Transactions and Old Land Claims

Purchase deeds

Turton’s deeds

Reference Page Block Date Price (£) Area (a:r:p)

Deed 406 370 Ahuahu, &c. (Kawhia) 20 November

1834

Cash and

goods

160

Deed 407 373 Puketutu, &c. (Kawhia) 30 January 1836 Cash and

goods

600

Deed 404 369 Nihinihi (Whaingaroa) 27 February 1839 Goods 90

Deed 402 366 Maraetai, &c. (Waikato) 3 July 1839 Goods 80

Deed 408 376 Tetoteko, &c. (Kawhia) 3 January 1840 Cash and

goods

4

Deed 403 368 Te Kopua (Waipa) 5 May 1840 30 40:00:18

Deed 405 370 Raoraokauere (Aotea) 14 March 1844 Cash and

goods

167

Deed 409 376 Ponewe (Kawhia) 11 March 1846 33 44

Official publications

Appendices to the Journal of the House of Representatives (AJHR)

Reports

Reference Description Dates

AJHR 1860, F-1 Report on the Select Committee on the Petition of Charles

Davis and Frederick and Leopold Yates*

Sept-Oct 1860

AJHR 1860, F-2 Report on the Select Committee on the Petition of Charles

Davis and Frederick and Leopold Yates

Sept-Oct 1861

AJHR 1860, G-1 Petition of Charles Davis and Frederick and Leopold Yates 15 Aug 1860


January 2009

65

relative to the compulsory abandonment of their establishment

at Kawhia, 1857

AJHR 1860, G-2 Petition of Frederick and Leopold Yates relative to a case tried

at Raglan arising out of an alleged breach of 'the Arms

Importation Ordinance'.

21 Aug 1860

AJHR 1878, H - 26 Return of Land claims finally settled 1878

AJHR 1921 Sess.I,

G-5, pp 1 - 4

Report of the Native Land Claims Commission 1921

*See also Thesis by Craig Innes re Arms Control 1854-1861 for Kawhia in this period

Petitions to Parliament

Year Pet ref. Name of

petitioner/s

JHR /JLC ref. AJHR ref. Subject Block/Region

1857 ? Charles Davis

and Frederick

and Leopold

Yates

N/A 1860, G1 Relative to the

compulsory

abandonment of their

station at Kawhia

Kawhia

1871 ? Ann Charlton of

Ruapuke, Aotea,

Auckland

1871, p XIX ? For relief, in

consequence of having

been driven from her

property there by the

Maori King Party

Aotea

1872 162/1872 Samuel Morgan 1872, p XXII ? That compensation

may be awarded to

him for losses

sustained by him at

Kawhia in the year

1867, on account of

Native disturbances

Kawhia


January 2009

66


petitioner/s


1872 163/1872 Friendly Natives

of Kawhia,

Auckland

1872, p XXII ? That inquiry may be

made to ascertain the

amount of loss

sustained by them

owing to the hostile

action of Hau Haus in

the month of April,

1867

Kawhia

1888 129/1888 Frederick Laurie 1888, p XXIX 1888, I5, p

5

For compensation for

land taken at Kawhia

Kawhia

British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP)

Volume Reference Pages* Title of Document Contents Dates

BPPNZ10 1860[2719] 365 – 390 No. 105 Governor’s

circular, Encl. No. 5

Asked whether Native

Affairs could be handled by

Government’s responsible

advisors. Replies from

following missionaries:

Schnackenberg, Mokau

Skinner, Kawhia

Wallis, Whaingaroa

Smales, Aotea

Buttle, Waipa,

Morgan, Otawhao

31 July

1856

BPPNZ10 1860[2719] 240-355 No. 103 Copy of

Despatch from

Governor T Gore

Forwards copy of the Land

Claims Settlement Act 1856

and Select Committee report

25 Aug

1856


January 2009

67

Browne to the Right

Hon. Henry

Labouchere

on the nature and extent of

outstanding Land Claims

and the best mode of finally

disposing of the same.

*NB: Page numbers are for that particular document not the page numbers for the volume

itself.

Newspapers1

Daily Southern Cross

16 October 1857, p 3 - ‘Local Intelligence’ [summary of NZ Gazette notices declaring

Native title extinguished]

16 November 1858, p 4 – ‘Extract from the Journals of the House of Representatives’ [re

Polling Booth at Kawhia customs house]

Archives and manuscripts

Archives New Zealand, Wellington

Land Information New Zealand, National Office (ABWN)

Agency Series Acc Box/item Record Description Dates

ABWN 8090 W5274 427 5 Crown Grants Register - Old Land Claims

Commission Auckland

1844 - 1844

ABWN 8090 W5280 143 15 Crown Grants - Land Claims 1857 - 1861

ABWN 8090 W5280 85 117.1 Crown Grants - Record of Land Claims

Commission

1857 - 1859


Commission

1859 - 1862

1 These are articles not listed on the newspapers spreadsheet supplied by CFRT


January 2009

68



Commission

1862 - 1874

ABWN 8090 W5280 144 15A Crown Grants - Land Claims 1858 - 1864

ABWN 8090 W5274 428 5.A. Crown Grants Register - Old Land Claims

Commission Auckland

1844 - 1844

ABWN 8090 W5274 429 5.B. Crown Grants Register - Old Land Claims

Commission Auckland

1844 - 1844

ABWN 8090 W5274 430 5.C. Crown Grants Register - Old Land Claims

Commission Auckland Taranaki

Wellington Otago

1844 - 1845

ABWN 8090 W5274 432 R.5.E. Crown Grants Register - Old Land Claims

Commission Auckland

1850 - 1856

Department of Internal Affairs, (IA)

Agency Series Record Description Dates

IA 91 1 Claims and awards for losses in Maori Wars, Bay of

Islands - 1845-1846; Auckland, Kawhia, Raglan,

Wanganui, Taranaki, Napier - c.1863-1867; Partly

registered files of the Colonial Secretary's Office

1845 - 1867


January 2009

69


IA 91 2 Correspondence relative to the payment of the

compensation money, 1866-1867, including petitions to

Parliament; Registered files of the Colonial Secretary's

Office

1866 - 1867

IA 91 3 Miscellaneous papers including accounts relating to the

confiscated estate; Attached is a note dated 2 February

1871, from A M Smith, Clerk in the Colonial Secretary's

Office forwarding these papers to Dr. Knight, Auditor

General, and indicating that all the other papers of which

these are just a remnant, had been forwarded to Beckham

and Pollen. Dr. Knight returned the papers and suggested

that they should all be returned to Auckland

1871-1871

Legislative Department (LE)

Agency Series Box/item Record Part Description Dates

LE 1 5 1855/7 Messages from the Officer Administering

the Government - Number 12 and

enclosures. Transmitting information

relative to Old Land Claims

1855 - 1855

LE 1 12 1856/52 1 Governor's Messages - Number 8.

Expenditure of Surveyor-General's

Department for 1855, land claims

correspondence, Correspondence relative

to exportation of gun powder from New

South Wales

1856 - 1856




1856 - 1856


January 2009

70




South Wales






South Wales

1856 - 1856

LE 1 33 1862/7 Committees - Land Claims

Commissioner's Report

1862 - 1862

LE 1 36 1863/3 Committees - Minutes Sharing Same

Book - Land Claims Settlement,

Representation

1863 - 1863

LE 1 36 1863/9 Committees - Separate Books - Land

Claims Settlement

1863 - 1863

Department of Lands and Survey, Head Office (LS)


LS 24 5 Copies of Deeds of Old Private Land

Purchases in New Zealand from the year

1815 to 1840 with pre-emptive and other

claims, together with a list of the Old Land

Claims and the report of Mr Commissioner F

Dillon Bell

1882 - 1882


January 2009

71

Maori Affairs Department (MA)

Agency Series Box/item Record Alt

No.

Description Dates

MA 2 1 to 26 &

44

[Maori Affairs Dept] Register of

inwards letters written in English

1835 - 1911

MA 7 1 [Maori Affairs Dept] Governor's

letterbook - 19 January 1846 - 10 May

1847; Letters from Maori to the

Governor and his replies; At back of

book, Native Secretary's outwards

letters to Maoris - 24 August 1854 - 4

May 1855

1846 - 1855

MA 7 2 [Maori Affairs Dept] Governor's

outwards letterbook to Maori - 22

February 1846 - 29 October 1852

1846 - 1852

MA 24 24 [Maori Affairs Dept] Miscellaneous

Maori Letters [Special file (part only)

37]

1844 - 1870

MA 61 1 Minute book of reinvestigation of

European compensation claims - 15

October - 13 November - [not originally

included in Special file 121]

1866 - 1866

MA 61 2 Six volumes of rough notes on

particular claims showing bases on

which the awards were made

no date - no date

MA 61 3 Return of compensation claims,

showing amount of original claim,

amount of original award and the

amount deducted at the reinvestigation

of 1866

1866 - 1866


January 2009

72


No.

Description Dates

MA 61 4

1860/24

7

28 Schedule of European and Maori claims

reinvestigated in 1867 and 1868,

showing nature of loss, amount of claim

and date

1867 - 1868

MA 61 5

1868/13

6

144

A

Schedule of claimants showing amount

of original award, the amount

disallowed at the reinvestigation, money

actually received by the claimant and

the balance due to him

no date - no date

MA 61 6 Auckland Provincial Government -

Inwards correspondence relating to

Beckham Awards

1866 - 1867

MA 61 7 Miscellaneous correspondence of the

Colonial Secretary, the Native

Department, Native Land Court and

Compensation Court

1867 - 1867

MA 61 8 List of grants of land awarded to

particular persons, most of whom were

Maoris, and the date of the award

c.1867 - 1872

MA 61 9 Schedule of reinvestigated and further

Maori claims 1868, memorandum from

Pollen on compensation claim papers

1877, and papers on a claim relating to

Donald McCaskill 1928: (N&D

77/4198)

1868 - 1877

MA 61 1a Depositions and evidence taken before

T Beckham, Resident Magistrate,

Commissioner for investigating claims

1867 - 1868


January 2009

73


No.

Description Dates

for compensation for losses occasioned

by the Native Rebellion subsequent to

11 July 1863, 2 December 1867 - 25

January 1868

Old Land Claims Commission (OLC)


OLC 1 50 OLC 946 Case files [Wesleyan Mission,

Whangaroa], [Use copy REPRO 157]

no date - no date


Kawhia]

no date - no date


Kawhia]

no date - no date

OLC 1 53 OLC 1008 Case files [John Israel Montefiore,

Kawhia]

no date - no date

OLC 1 53 OLC 1026 Case files [John Vittoria Cowell and

Edward Lee, Kawhia]

no date - no date

OLC 1 55 OLC 1040 Case files [William Johnson, Kawhia] no date - no date

OLC 1 69 OLC

1314A

Case files [John Laurie and Samuel

Aron Joseph, Kawhia]

no date - no date

OLC 1 70 OLC 1353 Case files [George Charlton, Kawhia]

[Use copy REPRO 1651; MICRO

5354]

no date - no date

OLC 8 1 Outwards Letters - 9 Dec 1840 - 30

Sep 1844 [Used by Godfrey &

Richmond - Index]

1840 - 1844

OLC 8 2 Outwards Letters - 27 Nov 1856 - 16 1856 - 1860


January 2009

74


Feb 1860 [Used by Bell - Index]

OLC 8 3 Outwards Letters - 24 Feb 1860 - 21

May 1869 - [Used by Bell & Domett -

Index]

1860 - 1869

OLC 8 4 Outwards Letters - 26 May 1869 - 11

Feb 1873 [Used by Domett,

Moorhouse & O'Rorke - Index]

1869 - 1873

OLC 8 5 Outwards Letters - 26 Feb 1873 - 27

Sep 1881 [Used by O'Rorke, Atkinson

& Stout - Index]

1873 - 1881

OLC 9 3 Case Files [typescript] - cases 616-

1044

no date - no date

OLC 9 5 Case Files [typescript] - cases 1260-

1361

no date - no date

Archives New Zealand, Auckland

Agent for the General Government, Auckland (AGG-A)


AGG-A 1 2 335/67 James Bullen, Auck - Requests payment of

balance of scrip due in compensation to the

Wesleyan Mission at Waipa

27 April 1867

AGG-A 1 4 69/316 Compensation - Wesleyan Mission -

correspondence with J Buller and W

Rolleston, relative to a claim for

compensation to be paid to the Wesleyan

Mission in the form of land, and which they

wish to be made out to an individual, rather

than to a trust, so as to facilitate its sale.

17 Jan - 4 May

1869


January 2009

75

Lands and Survey Office, Auckland (BAAZ)


BAAZ 1108 88 2173 Old Land Claims 1877-1902

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Reference Description Creator Dates

MS-Papers-1500-19 Articles relating to John Rodolphus

Kent

Ross, John O'Connell 1828-1982

MS-Papers-0075-001 Correspondence - Maori land

claims

White, John 1840-1858

MS-Papers-2634-1/05 Land sale documents for land near

Kawhia

Treadwells: legal

documents

11 Sept 1839

MS-papers-2634-1/06 Land sale documents for land near

Kawhia

Treadwells: legal

documents

12 Nov 1839

fMS-Papers-1787 Charlton, George - papers Charlton, George 1840

Other Museums and Archives

Te Awamutu Museum


ARC2164 NORTHCROFT, Henry William, 1844-1923 – papers

[Casebook: Waikato Resident Magistrate, and newspaper

clippings, 1865-1868. (Case notes are William Searanckes’,

not Northcroft’s)]

1865-1868


[Casebook: Te Awamutu Resident Magistrate, minutes of

cases, 1879-1883]

1879-1883


January 2009

76






1865-1868

ARC2926/1 Copies of letters from George Charleton regarding complaints

over sale of liquor at Kawhia, 26/7/1853; copies of letters to &

from Sir George Grey in answer to Charleton’s application for

bush license and “irregularities” at Public House at Kawhia;

memorandum regarding Charleton’s land claim at Kawhia.

Photocopies

1853-1857

ARC3774 document: interim account of the Edwards and Cowell

families from “One Saga of Kawhia”

unclear

ARC2197 newspaper clippings: reminiscences of Jim Morgan on early

Kawhia

unclear

ARC1718 generally historical correspondence: Louis Batt of Kawhia unclear

ARC1744 generally historical correspondence; letter from George Howe

regarding Cowell family

Unclear

ARC1784 generally historical correspondence: Kawhia town early

history

Unclear

ARC1793 generally historical correspondence: Kawhia, Rev. John

Morgan and family

unclear

ARC1796 generally historical correspondence: map of old mission

stations

unclear

TEMP120 Rev. John Morgan’s letters to Gore-Browne, 1861-1865. Two

volumes of typescript letters prepared from microfilm

(original at Archives NZ, Wellington)

1861-1865

TEMP120 Captain J.C. Johnstone’s Letterbook, March 1881 – July 1882,

writing from Raglan. This is an old, untitled accounts book,

which Johnstone used as a letterbook. Much of his writing

1881-1882


January 2009

77






1865-1868

appears to be petitions related to his claim to an early land

purchase on the south side of the Whaingaroa harbor. This has

been copied for the Tribunal. A copy is also to be retained by

the University of Waikato library.

Maps and Plans

Auckland City Library, Auckland

Classification Map No. Title Date

NZSP 559.5 H68

1859

Map No. 6569 The harbours and bays of Aotea and

Kawhia, topographically and

geologically explored by Dr

Ferdinand von Hochstetter 1859.

1859

D 995.197 aj 1836 Map No. 4612 Chart of Kawhia Harbour, drawn by

Captain Thomas Wing, 1836

1836

Photographs and Drawings

Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington

Reference Description Date

PA1-0-207-10 House and gardens at Takatahi, Kawhia,

photographed in 1859 by Bruno Hamel. Two

whare may be seen within the grounds of the

house, and another in the middle distance.

Vegetable gardens may be seen at the back of the

1859


January 2009

78

Reference Description Date

house, to the left of the picture. There is erosion

on the hills in the background.


January 2009

79

Pre-1865 Crown purchasing in Te Rohe Potae Inquiry District

Purchase Deeds

Turton’s Deeds

Deeds and Deed Receipts

Deed No.* Page Block District Date Price Area

(acres)

Deed 432 (D) 596 Whaingaroa 22 March 1851 400 8,000

Deed 452 (D) 623 Awakino Mokau district 28 March 1854 £530 16,000

Deed 133 (R) 776 Paparata Aotea district 14 April 1854 £10

Deed 453 (D) 625 Mokau (lands

within)

Mokau district 1 May 1854 £100 2,500

Deed 434 (R) 599 Haroto (Te) 3 May 1854 £100 4,000

Deed 448 (D) 618 Aotea Deed Aotea district 6 June 1854 £100 not given

Deed 134 (R) 776 Te Kauri Kawhia district 30 May 1854 £5

Deed 135 (R) 777 Kawhia (land at) Kawhia district 8 July 1854 £64

Deed 136 (R) 777 Awakino (claims) Mokau district 1 August 1854 £100

Deed 437 (R) 601 Haroto (Te) 25 August 1854 £100 4,000

Deed 454 (D) 627 Taumata Maire Mokau district 1 January 1855 500 24,000

Deed 438 (D) 602 Karioi 5 November 1855 £575 12,000

Deed 137 (R) 778 Awakino (Mihi

Peka)

Mokau district 3 January 1856 £20

Deed 138 (R) 778 Awakino and

Mokau


Deed 139 (R) 779 Awakino

(Ngatirarua)


Deed 439 (D) 604 Ruapuke 2 February 1856 £300 6,000

Deed 455 (D) 630 Rauroa (Awakino) Mokau district 30 July 1857 400 12,000


January 2009

80

Deed No.* Page Block District Date Price Area

(acres)

Deed 451 (D) 622 Harihari No. 2 Kawhia district 10 August 1857 £200 6,000

Deed 441 (D) 607 Wahatane 24 August 1857 20 500

Deed 443 (D) 609 Wharauroa 2 December 1857 410 5,000

Deed 449 (D) 619 Parish of Pirongia,

Allotment 327

Aotea district 4 June 1875 £250 566

* D = Deed, R = Deed Receipt

Deeds of Gift

Deed No. Page Block District Date Purpose

Deed No. 5 788 Kahikatea Kawhia district 18 January 1854 for a school

Deed No. 6 789 Te Kowhata Aotea district 25 January 1854 for a school

Deed No. 7 791 Kotoretoto Aotea district 25 January 1854 for a school

Official Publications

Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR)

Year Reference Title Date Purchase

1861 C - 1, No. 1 Whaingaroa District - Chief

Commissioner to Mr Rogan - General

- instructions to Mr Rogan

29 Mar 1854 General


Commissioner to Mr Cooper -

Awakino - informing him of the

purchase of a Block of land from

Takerei

29 Mar 1854 Awakino


Commissioner to the Colonial

Secretary - Awakino - Has bought a

Block of land at Awakino near Mokau,

1 April 1854 Awakino


January 2009

81


forwarding deed and translation


Commissioner to Mr Rogan - Mokau -

Acknowledging receipt ot deed of land

at the entrance of the Mokau River.

Authority to expend money

8 May 1854 Mokau


Commissioner to the Colonial

Secretary - General - has instructed Mr

Rogan to carry on negotiations for the

purchase of land in the Waikato

district

22 May 1854 General



- appointed District land Purchase

Commissioner

31 July 1854 General


Commissioner to Mr Rogan -

Whaingaroa - to ascertain position and

extent of various blocks on which

advances have been made

13 July 1855 Whaingaroa

1861 C - 1, No. 9 Whaingaroa District - Mr Rogan to the

Chief Commissioner - Karioi -

reporting completion of the survey of

the Karioi block

9 August 1855 Karioi


Commissioner to Mr Rogan - Karioi -

approving of price offered for Karioi

Block

17 August

1855

Karioi


January 2009

82



Chief Commissioner - Ruapuke - Has

completed survey of Ruapuke. The

Natives will not accept &300 for it

23 August

1855

Ruapuke


Chief Commissioner - Ruapuke -

Natives will not agree to payments

being made in Auckland to absentees

24 August

1855

Ruapuke


Commissioner to Mr Rogan - Ruapuke

- to report more fully as the price fixed

for this block

12 September

1855

Ruapuke



Natives have consented to accept the

&300 previously offered

8 October

1855

Ruapuke


Chief Commissioner - Te Mata

Reserve - Has made a sketch survey of

Te Mata Reserve

8 October

1855

Te Mata Reserve


Chief Commissioner - Hauraki -

reporting on the Hauraki purchase

13 October

1855

Hauraki


Chief Commissioner - Karioi - The

Native owners of this Block will

accept &475 for the same

13 October

1855

General



22 October

1855

General


January 2009

83


- to furnish a report of sums that may

be required by him for land purchases


Chief Commissioner - Karioi -

forwarding deed of sale of Karioi

Block

6 November

1855

Karioi


Chief Commissioner - Tawhatahi,

Oioroa - reporting on these blocks

15 November

1855

Tawhatahi, Oioroa


Chief Commissioner - general report -

forwarding a return of lands surveyed

in his district (enclosure to No. 21)

16 November

1855

General

1861 C - 1, No. 22 Whaingaroa District - Mr Johnson, for

the Chief Commissioner to Mr Rogan

- Aotea - the sum of &300 for Aotea

has been authorised

7 December

1855

Aotea



forwarding deed of sale for a block of

land near Aotea

4 February

1856

Ruapuke


Chief Commissioner - Karioi - certain

lands claimed by Ruihana are

excluded from the Karioi purchase

7 April 1856 Karioi


Chief Commissioner - Ruaroa, Mokau

District - forwarding deed of sale of a

Block of land called Te Rauroa

8 August 1857 Ruaroa


January 2009

84



Chief Commissioner - General -

forwarding deed of sale of certain

lands near Kawhia and Whaingaoa

15 September

1857

General


Chief Commissioner - Wharauroa -

forwarding deed of sale of Te

Wharauroa Block

28 December

1857

Wharauroa


Chief Commissioner - Te Mata, N.R -

has concluded the purchase of Te

Mata Native Reserve

18 June 1857

[1858?]

Te Mata Reserve

British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealand (BPP)

Vol Reference Pages Title of item Notes Date

NZ9 1854[1779] 166-168 No. 73 Copy of a Despatch

from Governor Sir G Grey

to the Right Hon. Sir John

S Pakington, 15 November

1852, Encl No. 1 in No.

73: John Morgan,

Otawhao to Sir George

Grey

Reporting on

Economic and

social development

in S Waikato and

West Coast

(Kawhia & Aotea)

3 September

1852

NZ10 1860[2719] 11 List of Native Mills' C L

Nugent, Native Secretary,

Auckland

List of native mills

incl. Those already

built, underway or

funds collected for

in South Waikato

and Kawhia

24 December

1853


January 2009

85


[accompanying

map btw p 10 & p

11.

NZ10 1860[2719] 66 Enclosure in No. 39 (No.

39 R H Wynyard, Officer

administering the

government to Sir George

Grey, 5 January 1855 -

'Province of Auckland.

Return showing the

number of acres purchased

by Mr Commissioner

McLean during the Year

1854'

Include land begin

purchased at in the

Mokau, Kawhia,

Whangaroa and

Aotea districts.

Notes district,

location, acres

(notes says

'estimated

quantities.

Instalments paid on

most of these

blocks. Surveys are

being proceeded

with.'

18 December

1854

NZ10 1860[2719] 69-70 Enclosure in No. 41 (No.

41 R H Wynyard, officer

administering the

Government to Sir George

Grey, 13 January 1855) C.

O Davis, Interpreter

[undated account of

meeting between the

governor and 'three chiefs

of celebrity from the

inland districts' on 10

Te Haratua

Kiripakopako

Pingareka spoke

opposing the

selling of land at

Kawhia and Aotea.

13 January

1855


January 2009

86


January 1855 in Auckland]

NZ10 1860[2719] 139-140 No. 66 - Copy of a

despatch from Acting

Governor Wynyard to the

Right Hon Lord John

Russell enclosing No. 1 -

Kikileoi, Hori Te Waru,

Nuitone & Hoani of

Kawhia to the Governor

and reply

These chiefs at

Kawhia were asked

by Turton to send

warriors to protect

the [friendly]

natives and settlers

at New Plymouth

[during Puketapu

feud].

6 & 15

August 1856

NZ10 1860[2719] 235-337 [Report, minutes and

correspondence relating to

Board appointed to inquire

into the system of

purchasing land from the

natives, and other matters]

some very specific

material from

witnesses that

relates to

purchasing at

Kawhia and Aotea

etc

23 July 1856

NZ11 1860(492) 140 J Williamson,

Superintendent, Auckland

Province to the Colonial

Secretary attaching a

'Return showing the

estimated number of acres

in the Province of

Auckland, on the 1st

January 1859, over which

the Native title has been

extinguished, and which

has been handed over for

Return lists land by

name in columns

under various

descriptive heading

relating to the

quantity of the land

and its usefulness

for survey and

settlement.

Includes many

names mentioned

in Berghan's report

11 July 1859


January 2009

87


sale and disposal, showing

the estimated number of

acres now in the

possession of the

Government.'

on pre-1865 Crown

purchases in the

inquiry district.


January 2009

88

Petitions to Parliament

Year Pet Ref. Name of

petitioner/s


1879 96/1879 Kereopa

Hone Hone

and 35 others

1879, sess II, p

XIX

1880, I2, p 2 The petitioners state that

certain lands at Karioi (in

Raglan District) as per

boundaries stated in the

petition, was

appropriated to them.

This land was not

surveyed at the time it

was granted. When

surveyors were

appointed, they

proceeded to lay out only

600 acres, quite

irrespective of the

boundaries named. The

petitioners pray that the

boundaries should be

consistent with the names

of places named in the

original purchase

Karioi

1881 64/1881 Major Te

Wheoro

1881, p XVII 1881, I2, P 1 Petitioner says that the

sum of ₤75 is due to him

as balance of purchase

money for Karioi

Karioi

1900 391/1900 Renai Taiko

and 2 others

1900, p

XXXIX

1901, I3, p 13 Petitioners pray for

payment of balance of

the purchase money in

Karioi


January 2009

89

Year Pet Ref. Name of

petitioner/s


connection with the Te

Whanga, part Karioi

block, which they allege

was held back in Sir

Donald McLean's time

1901 Not

provided

Rewi Maaka JLC 1901, p

XVI

See below For payment of the

balance of the purchase

money agreed to be given

for the land known as

Karioi, near Raglan

Karioi

1901

1201/190

1

Rewi Maaka 1901, p XXV 1903, I3, p 5 Petitioner prays for

redress of certain alleged

grievances in connection

with the purchase of the

Karioi block

Karioi

1914 376/1914 Te Awarutu

Te Awaitaia

and 2 others

1914, p XXI 1915, I3, p 4 Praying that balance of

purchase-money re

Whaingaroa, alleged to

have been withheld in

error by Native

Department, be paid to

them

Whaingaroa


January 2009

90

Archives and Manuscripts


Department of Lands and Survey, Head Office (AADS)


AADS W3562 331 22/3009 Awakino and Mokau Native

Reserves

no date – no date

Land Information New Zealand, National Office (ABWN)

Agency Series Acc Box/item Record Alt No. Description Dates

ABWN 8879 W5278 85 229.14 [Index - Native Deeds] 1841 - 1874

ABWN 8930 W5278 94 200.5 Deeds of Conveyance

[Auckland]

1858 - 1862

ABWN 8930 W5278 95 200.6 Deeds of Conveyance

[Auckland]

1862 – 1864

ABWN 8090 W5280 144 15A Crown Grants - Land Claims 1858 - 1864

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 132 WHARAUROA -

WHANGAROA

1857 - 1857

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 135 WAHATANE - WHANGAROA 1891 - 1891

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 136 RUAPUKE - WHANGAROA 1856 - 1856

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 133 TE MATA, PART OF -

WHANGAROA

1857 - 1857

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 134 TE MATA - WHANGAROA 1857 - 1857

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 137 KARIOI - WHANGAROA 1855 - 1855

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 138 TE HAROTO - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 139 WAITETUNA & WAIPA

RIVERS, LAND BETWEEN -

WHANGAROA

1864 - 1864

ABWN 8102 W5279 15 AUC 140 AOTEA, WHANGAROA, & 1858 - 1858


January 2009

91


KAWHIA - WHANGAROA


ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 142 WHANGAROA 1851 - 1851

ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 143 HOREA - WHANGAROA 1850 - 1850

ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 144 TE WHARAUROA -

WHANGAROA

1855 - 1855

ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 145 TUREIKINA - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 146 HAURAKI - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854


ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 148 TE KOTUKU - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 16 AUC 149 TE HAROTO - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 20 AUC 329 AWAROA AND OTANA -

WAIKATO RIVER

1865 - 1865

ABWN 8102 W5279 22 AUC 391 HARIHARI NO. 2 - KAWHIA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 22 AUC 395 TE AWAMUTU - WAIKATO 1850 - 1850

ABWN 8102 W5279 23 AUC 415 AOTEA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 23 AUC 417 AWAKINO MOKAU 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 f76 AUC 581 SEP

150

KAREHARE - WHAINGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 26 AUC 605 HARURUNUI OR TE

KOWHATU - AOTEA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 26 AUC 607 OHANA TE HORANGA -

KAWHIA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 27 AUC 651 AWAKINO AND MOKAU 1856 - 1856

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 723 WAIKARAKIA -

WHANGAROA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 724 HUI POKOHUKA -

WHANGAROA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 725 POKARANGI - WHANGAROA 1854 - 1854


January 2009

92


ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 728 WHAINGAROA LAND 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 729 WHANGAROA LANDS 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 730 TE HUTIWAI, WHANGAROA

- MATAKAHIA, POKARANGI

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 731 WHAINGAROA LAND 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 733 WHAINGAROA 1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 738 WHAINGAROA -

WHAINGAROA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 739 PATIKIRAU TAKAMAWHI

TIWHITI WAKAANAKITAHI

KAWAKAWA PUKURUKU

AND TAUTEREI -

WHAINGAROA

1854 - 1854

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 741 AOTEA WHAINGAROA

KARIOI TE AKAU -

AUCKLAND

1856 - 1856

ABWN 8102 W5279 8 AUC 742 AWAKINO - MOKAU 1856 - 1856

ABWN 8771 W5280 44 400.1 Register of Reserves Prior to

1878

1868 - 1878

ABWN 8771 W5280 45 400.2 North Island Register of

Reserves 1878-1898

1878 - 1898

ABWN 8771 W5280 47 400.4 Register of Reserves 1898-1937 1898 - 1937

ABWN 8771 W5280 52 402.3 Old Reserves Taranaki 1863 - 1877

ABWN 8771 W5280 175 402.5 Old Reserves Taranaki, Previous

to 1 January 1878

1853 - c.1880


January 2009

93

Army Department (AD)


AD 1 1865/4303 Hari Hari Block - Kawhia [23 Nov

1865: ltr & Map of govt block; 4,000

acres called Hari Hari Block bought

1856-57 by Mr McLean

1865 - 1865

New Zealand Forest Service (F)

Agency Series Box/item Record Description Dates

F 1 43/316 Timber Exports, Whitaker and Piercey, Tokanui 1854 - 1854

Governor (G)


G 36 3 [Governor] Miscellaneous outwards

correspondence - 18 December

1853 - 14 May 1863

1853 – 1863

G 36 4 [Governor] Miscellaneous outwards

correspondence

28 May 1863 - 27

November 1867

Legislative Department (LE)

Agency Series

Box/

item

Record Alt No. Description Dates

LE 1 1860/228 Return of all lands purchased in various

provinces [reprinted in AJHR 1861, E-6]

1860

LE 1 30 1861/9 [Legislative Dept] Committees - Native

Land Title

1861 - 1861


January 2009

94

Agency Series

Box/

item


LE 1 1862/126 Despatch re Native efforts to compel Gorst

to leave Waikato

1862

LE 1 4 1854/106 Accounts and papers laid before the House -

[Papers apparently brought before the House,

but not recorded in the Journals] - Session II

- Correspondence from Donald McLean

concerning the organisation of land

purchases from the Maori

1854 - 1854

LE 1 7 1855/28 Messages from the Officer Administering

the Government - Number 40 and

enclosures. Transmitting three returns from

Mr Commissioner McLean of purchases of

native lands up to 30 June 1855

1855 - 1855

LE 1 13 1856/57 Governor's Messages - Number 16.

Correspondence regarding special scrip

issued by sir G Grey to certain native chiefs

1856 - 1856

LE 1 15 1856/123 62 Papers laid upon the table of the House of

Representatives - Johnstone, J C, Captain,

Correspondence with General Government

respecting his land purchase at Whangaroa

1856 - 1856


Representatives - Land Purchase

Department. Return showing the expenditure

of Mr McLean in the purchase of lands

1856-1856


January 2009

95

Agency Series

Box/

item



Representatives - Land Revenue, disposal of,

Circular letter respecting the disposal of the

land fund, and transfer of Crown lands to

Provincial authorities

1856 - 1856

LE 1 15 1856/139 39a Papers laid upon the table of the House of

Representatives - Natives, outstanding Loans

to. Return of outstanding loans in the

Province of Auckland

1856 - 1856


Representatives - Lands sold. Return of the

number of acres of land sold in all the

Provinces, in each quarter, from 5 July 1850

to 31 March 1856

1856 - 1856

LE 1 15 1856/200 Miscellaneous - Copies of correspondence

relating to native land purchases

1856 - 1856

LE 1 15 1856/201 [Legislative Dept] Miscellaneous - Loose

papers

1856 –1856

LE 1 17 1858/205 90 Schedule of accounts and papers laid upon

the table - Auckland Waste Lands Bill, 1858,

Correspondence between Colonial Secretary

1858 - 1858


January 2009

96

Agency Series

Box/

item


and Superintendent of Auckland, relative to


the table - Customs, Returns of Customs

Revenue at the several Ports of New Zealand

for 1857

1858 - 1858


the table - Customs, Returns of value of

Imports and Exports at and from the several

Ports of New Zealand for 1857

1858 - 1858


the table - Customs, Returns of quantities

and value of exports from the several Ports

of New Zealand for 1857

1858 - 1858


the table - Customs, Returns of number,

tonnage, and crews of Vessels entered

outward at

1858 - 1858


the table - Land Purchases from Natives,

Correspondence between the Governor and

his Ministers relative to

1858 - 1858


January 2009

97

Agency Series

Box/

item



the table - Native Vessels, Return of the

names and tonnage of, entering Auckland,

and the value of cargoes imported into the

several Ports of Entry in the years 185, 1856

and 1857

1858 - 1858

LE 1 27 1860/228 61 Schedule of Accounts and Papers laid upon

the table - Native Lands, Return of all lands

purchased in the various Provinces

1860 - 1860

LE 1 28 1860/229 47 Schedule of Accounts and Papers laid upon

the table - Native Lands, A statement of the

various sums expended out of the £180,000

being the portion of the Loan of £500,000

allocated for the purchase of Native Lands in

the Northern Island, such Return to specify

the number of acres purchased in each

District, the date of purchase, by what

Commissioner effected, and the price per

acre. Such return also to state the amount of

the said ?180,000 unexpended, the Balance

due on each Provincial Account, and how

such balances are now invested (Appendix

C-1)

1860 - 1860

LE 1 28 1860/230 103 Schedule of Accounts and Papers laid upon 1860 - 1860


January 2009

98

Agency Series

Box/

item


the table - Native Lands, A return of all

outstanding contracts for the purchase of

Native Lands and of all pending negotiations

for the same, the amount paid, and payable

and when, the nature and extent of unsettled

claims, the probable amount thereof, the

persons by whom such negotiations are

being carried on, and the amounts in the

hands of the Land Purchase Commissioner

and District Commissioners, upon Imprest,

upon the 30 June 1860

LE 1 31 1861/206 69 Schedule of Accounts and papers laid upon

the table - Crown Grants, A return of all

Crown Grants issued, or in course of

preparation, to Native subjects of Her

Majesty

1861-1861


the table - Finance Accounts, Return

showing the amount remaining unexpended

on 30 June 1861, of the sum of ?180,000

allocated to the Northern Island for

extinguishing the Native Title therein, and

particularising the same

1861 - 1861

LE 1 32 1861/245 56 Schedule of Accounts and papers laid upon 1861 - 1861


January 2009

99

Agency Series

Box/

item


the table - Native Lands, Return of the

quantity of Land over which the Native Title

has been extinguished during the twelve

months ended June 1st 1861, also number of

acres surveyed by Surveyors in the Land

Purchase Department during the same period


the table - Waste Lands, Return of the

number of acres of Waste Lands sold, or

otherwise disposed of, in each quarter, from

the 1st January 1860 to 31st December 1860,

in the several Provinces of New Zealand,

together with the nature and amount of

consideration received, and the rate per acre

paid, distinguishing Crown and Suburban

Lands from Country Lands, being in

continuation of Sessional Papers

1861 - 1861


the table - Waste Lands, Return of all

contracts and promises entered into by the

Governor since the passing of the Waste

Lands Act 1861, and fulfilled under the 11th

Section of the Act, specifying the grants

actually delivered to the grantees, those

retained, and the cause of retention

1861 - 1861


January 2009

100

Agency Series

Box/

item


LE 1 35 1862/200 Miscellaneous papers - Statement of sales of

land in Auckland Province from the proceeds

of which ten per cent has been guaranteed to

be expended for native purposes, January

1854 to June 1862

1862 - 1862

LE 1 36 1863/1 Committees - Minutes Sharing Same Book -

Auckland Waste Lands, library and Printing

1863 - 1863

LE 1 36 1863/8 Committees - Separate Books - Auckland

Waste Land

1863 - 1863


the table - Waste Lands, Papers respecting

proposed alterations in the Waste Land

Regulations of the Province of Auckland

1863 – 1863


the table - Accounts (see Finance) - Native

Affairs, Letter from Mr Dillon Bell to

Waikato Chiefs dated 7 May 1863

1865 - 1865

LE 1 49 1866/121 69 Accounts and Papers - Schedule of Accounts

and Papers laid upon the table - Accounts

(See Finance) - Native Insurrection, Return

of Arms and ammunition supplied to

Friendly Natives

1866 - 1866


January 2009

101

Department of Lands and Survey, Head Office (LS)


LS 1 8/01/2004 Grazing Runs - S.G.R. [Small Grazing

Run] Number 11, Harihari

no date- no date

LS 1 25/1133 Townships – Harihari no date -no date

LS 1 1337 1884/1873 Mokau Block no date -no date

LS 1 1340 35424/2 J Rattenbury, Tongaporutu - Mokau Visit no date -no date

Department of Maori Affairs (MA)


MA 1 1863/362 Memoranda from W Fox to E Shortland,

forwarded to Defence Office 15 December

1863: Instructs Shortland to write to Major

McGregor and tell him not to allow cattle

belonging to or brought by rebel natives to pass

through. [Raglan]

1863

MA 1 1863/487 Report concerning arrangements re Awamutu

estate [re attack on school, seizure of printing

press, abandonment and events leading to

abandonment

1863


January 2009

102

Maori Affairs Department (MA)

Agency Series Box/item Record Alt No. Description Dates

MA 1 835 1863/277 Memoranda from Reader Wood to

the Native Secretary, forwarded to

Defence Office 22 September 1863;

Authorises Major McGregor to spend

up to £10 on tobacco for Wiremu

Nero of Whaingaroa

1863

MA 1 1863/166 Memoranda from FD Bell to the

Governor, forwarded to Defence

Office 18 May 1863; Describes

measures taken for the evacuation of

families from Raglan

1863

MA 1 1863/167 Memoranda from FD Bell, Taranaki,

to the Governor, forwarded to

Defence Office 30 April 1863;

Outlines the history of the school at

the Awamutu, and the increasing

opposition of the natives, which led

to its suppression and the expulsion

of Gorst

1863

MA 1 1863/196 Memoranda from Takerei te Naeroa,

Pukekawa, Waikato, to Rewi

Maniapoto, forwarded to Defence

Office 8 April 1863; Advises Rewi

not to drive Gorst out but rather to

keep the children away from the

school

1863


January 2009

103


MA 1 1863/277 Memoranda from JE Gorst to the

Native Minister, forwarded to

Defence Office 25 February 1863;

Narrates substance of letter from

some chiefs of Mokau addressed to

Rewi, Reihana Taati and others

expressing suspicion of the Colonel's

and Parris' visit, and advising the

expulsion of himself (ie Gorst) from

the Awamutu. [Copy]

1863-1863

MA 1 1863/362 Memoranda from W Fox to E

Shortland, forwarded to Defence

Office 15 December 1863: Instructs

Shortland to write to Major

McGregor and tell him not to allow

cattle belonging to or brought by

rebel natives to pass through.

[Raglan]

1863

MA 1 1863/487 Report concerning arrangements re

Awamutu estate [re attack on school,

seizure of printing press,

abandonment and events leading to

abandonment

1863

MA 2 1 to 26 &

44

[Maori Affairs Dept] Register of

inwards letters written in English

1835 -

1911

MA 2 36 to 43 [Maori Affairs Dept] Register of

inward letters written in Maori

1847 -

1872


January 2009

104


MA 2 3 Register of inwards letters written in

English - 1 January 1854 - 23 June

1858; Record numbers 1854/1-136,

1855/1-192, 1856/1-446, 1858/1-248;

Also includes: Letters re land

purchases mostly received by D

McLean - 26 April 1848 - 29

November 1852; Register of Deeds,

Whaingaroa papers, 25 June - 21

November 1856; and Index to Native

Land Purchase 1848-1853

1848 -

1858

MA 2 45 [Maori Affairs Dept] Register of

Inwards Memoranda, Memoranda

and Miscellanea and miscellaneous

letters in English

1853-1861

MA 2 46 [Maori Affairs Dept] Register of

Inwards Memoranda; At back of

book register of letters received by

Land Commissioner Donald McLean

- 13 July 1855 - 30 March 1860

1855-1863

MA 4 1 to 56 [Maori Affairs Dept] General English

Outwards Letterbook

1840-1892

MA 4 71 to 103 [Maori Affairs Dept] General Maori

Letterbook

1857-1900,

1905-1906

MA 7 2 [Maori Affairs Dept] Governor's 1846 -


January 2009

105


outwards letterbook to Maori - 22

February 1846 - 29 October 1852

1852

MA 16 4 Bundle of miscellaneous deeds

relating to land

no date -

no date


Correspondence and other Papers

1845-1913. (Very miscellaneous

documents probably a bundle which

survived the 1907 Parliament

Buildings file). [Special file (part

only) 41 and 42]

1945 -

1913


Maori Letters [Special file (part only)

37]

1844 -

1870

MA 24 30 Miscellaneous papers a). H Halse,

Assistant Native Secretary,

miscellaneous inwards letters, 1865-

1872; b) Miscellaneous

correspondence and telegrams,

c.1869-1920; c) Originals of Orders

in Council, 1867-1870; d)

Miscellaneous printed papers; e)

Miscellaneous unidentified papers

1865 -

1920

MA 29 1 to 4 [Maori Affairs Dept] Registers of

Inward letters [to the Native

Minister]

1867- 1876


January 2009

106

Maori Affairs - Maori Land Purchasing Department (MA-MLP)


MA-MLP 1 1890/243 For specific refs see Berghan

MA-MLP 1 1891/94 For specific refs see Berghan

MA-MLP 1 1900/76 For specific refs see Berghan 1886-1900

MA-MLP 6 5 Copies of requests to the Crown Lands

Department for Crown Grants on

reserves set aside for Maoris - 31 May

1881 - 11 July 1892. Also alphabetical

index of blocks of land or reserves.

Bundle of Land Purchase vouchers

c.1871 - c.1908


Auckland Provincial Government (AP)


AP 2 55 2517/76 10 August - 20 October 1876 - Roads -

Waitetuna Area - Correspondence concerning

construction of a road through W Cogswell's

property at Waitetuna and through the

Puketutu Maori Reserve

1876 - 1876

AP 4 1 Index to Letter Books [outward letters of

Superintendent of Auck Prov] nos 67-72*

1853-1876

AP 5 5 Papers relating to Steamer Services no date - no date


January 2009

107

* Also see unindexed inward letters to Superintendent Auck Province (AP series 8180)

and the outward letters themselves (AP series 8181)


Agency Series Box/

item

Record Description Dates

AGG-A 1 1 1/65 B Graham, Te Awamutu - telegram

requesting that statement in The Southern

Cross, 31 May 1865, be contradicted

concerning 1) Relative status of Maori

King and Queen Victoria 2) acquisition of

land 3) its relationship to negotiations left

to the discretion of French-man 4) a

conversation between Mr Mainwaring and

Mr Thompson

3 June 1865

AGG-A 1 1 55/65 Charles Heaphy, Auck - enquires about

interpretation of Auckland Waste Lands

Act, 1858 copy of memo

19 July 1865

AGG-A 1 1 199/65 S Morgan, Kawhia - encloses letter from

Hone Te One to Governor Grey, and

comments on the intense Kingite

sympathies in the district. [Hone Te One's

letter is missing]

14 September

1865

AGG-A 1 1 no

number?

p 22 of series list Hone Te One, Kawhia, to

Governor Grey - Warns him that Kingites

have threatened to attack Kawhia, Aotea

and Whaingaroa, and pleads for military

protection.

14 September

1865

AGG-A 1 1 251/65 Thomas Buddle, Auck - forwards returns 24 October


January 2009

108

Agency Series Box/

item


of Wesleyan Native Industrial Schools.

Copy of schedules and returns subsquently

sent to the Native Minister.

1865

AGG-A 1 1 307/65 J Allen, Raglan - sends documents

requested in earlier letter - encloses copy

of agreement between a Maori of the Nae

Nae tribe and George Cooper, entitling the

latter to lease some land in the Waipa

district.

20 November

1865

AGG-A 1 1 367/66 Reports hostility of Maoris, and their

King's refusal to accept surveyors working

around Pirongia

23 October

1866

AGG-A 1 2 400/67 Formation of a Volunteer Corps, Raglan -

Correspondence from R O Stewart,

Resident Magistrate, relative to a public

meeting, at which certain resolutions for

local defence were passed and at which 39

men volunteered and resolved to request

the governor to form them into a corps for

local defence

14 May 1867

AGG-A 1 2 521/67 W Gisborne, Wgt - Refers to enclosure in

No. 1040 and states that the Government

does not think it desirable to send more

arms to Raglan than needed to arm the

Europeans, and that it wishes to get back

arms from the Maoris when they are no

longer needed.

24 June 1867

AGG-A 1 4 69/213 Local defence-Raglan district - 15 March - 8


January 2009

109

Agency Series Box/

item


Correspondence from W N Searancke, J C

Johnstone and R O Stewart, relative to the

defence of Raglan against possible attack

by the King Maoris and to an attempted

theft of ammunition

November

1869

AGG-A 1 4 69/261 Disputed survey - Aotea - Correspondence

from Hone Te One and other Maoris, from

H W Brabant, W N Searancke and JK

McDonald, expressing fear that continuing

with the survey at Aotea, will provoke

attack from the Hauhaus.

30 March - 1

April 1869

AGG-A 1 4 69/287 W N Searancke, Hamilton - reports that he

has heard that there is to be a meeting of

the Taupiri Maoris and Te Wheoro and the

Ngatimato at Hangatiki, and makes

observations as to their intentions, in the

light of this.

15 April

1869

AGG-A 1 4 69/360 J C Firth, Auck - forwards copies of letters

from Hohaia and Te Raihi, which he has

sent to the authorities, and urges the

importance of the Duke of Edinburgh's

meeting Tawhaio, Rewi and Tamati at

Ngaruawahia. Reports that his arrangement

to rent land on the Waiho is to be adhered

to , as before Wi Tamihana's death

[Encloses 3 letters]

15 May 1869

AGG-A 1 4 69/381 J A Wilson, Alexandra - reports on his

negotaiations with Tawhaio, Rewi and

24 May 1869


January 2009

Agency Series Box! Record Description Dates

item

Tamati, attempting to clear up a

misunderstanding about the visit ofthe

Duke of Edinbmgh and a meeting of the

Waikatos with him at Ngamawahia

AGG-A 1 4 69/399 J Mackay jr., Ngamawahia - forwards a 2 June 1869

translation of a letter received from Andrea

Barton, relative to Te Wheoro's invitation

to Matutaera, Rewi and Tamati Ngapora,

to meet the Governor at Ngaruawhia

AGG-A 1 4 69/446 J A Wilson, Auck - fOlwards three letters 19 June 1869

from Commissioner Clarke, and feels that

they have cause for apprehension as the

behaviom of Firth and others at

Tokongamutu is provocative to the

Hauhaus. Reports that Te Kooti and band

have gone into the King Country.

AGG-A 1 4 69/476 W N Searancke, Alexandra - reports on his 5 July 1869

investigation into the Maori situation. A

number of strange Maoris have been in the

Rangiaohia district, and the settlers are

uneasy. Te Kooti has been seeking the

kingship and asked Tawhaio to resign to

him.

AGG-A I 5 69/563 Hetaraka Nero, Raglan-Asks the Govt to 28 July 1869

emol40 of his men as a guard for Raglan,

which is totally unprotected. Maori and

translation. Minute by W N Searancke

acknowledges that the area is unprotected,

110


January 2009


item

but states that the stationing of a few of the

armed constabulary in the blockhouse

would be preferable as the Maori guard

would not have the settler's confidence.

[missing as at June 1997]

AGG-A 1 5 69/620 H W Brabant, Raglan - reports that bands 13 August

of atmed Maoris have been seen at Aotea, 1869

bound for Kawhia, and suggests that Hone

Te One be authorised to search such

parties. [missing as at June 1997]

AGG-A 1 5 69/675 Rawiri Te Rangikarua, Raglan - Asks that 6 September

he be shown where his acres of land at 1869

Waipa or Waikato are situated and that the

Crown Grant in the name of Hone Te One

be issued. Maori and translation. [missing

as atJune 1997]

AGG-A 1 9 73/771 Inwards letters. 31 October 1873 - J La 1873-1874

Frohe, Karioi - Asks whether right of road

was reserved through the Papahua Native

Reserve, as it will be necessary to traverse

it to put through the road to Raglan. -

Attachment: 1. J Rogan to W Gisborne, 14

November 1873 in reply. Sketch of the

area by C Heaphy, 13 January 1874-

States that no right of road was made in

any Karioi reserve.

111


January 2009

Lands and Smvey Office, Auckland (BAAZ)


BAAZ 1108 168 5399 Kawhia surveys 1904-1912

BAAZ 4708 la New Zealand [Army] pensioners pre-emption 1853 - 1856

selections

Maori Land COUli, Waikato-Maniapoto District (BACS)

Agency Acc Box/item Record Description Dates

BACS A622 181d KW1209 Dismissed - Applications (Formerly under 1900 - 1949

KW Titles) 1. Harihari; 2. Kahotea; 3.

Mangangarongaro; 4. Te Nauhau; 5. Patahi;

6. Pukerimu; 7. Puti; 8. Whakapapa; 9.

Hawaiki; 10. Parish of Waipa - Applications

BACS A622 22b H704 Karioi No.2, 3, 4 - Applications 1875 -1952

BACS A806 1121 D2006 Taumatamaire - From: Ngati Maniapoto To: 1855 - 1855

Her Majesty Queen Victoria

BACS A806 117 KW953 Mokau B - From: Ngati Maniapoto To: Her 1854 - 1854

Majesty Queen Victoria

Department of Survey and Land Information, Auckland District Office (BAIE)


BAIE 4308 la Maories [Maori] Letter Book 1849 - 1854

112


January 2009

Maori Laod Court, Auckland (BBOP)


BBOP A52 28/64

BBOP A52 43/97

BBOP 4309 2a-138

BBOP 4309 2a-153

BBOP 4309 2a-212

BBOP 4309 2a-213

BBOP 4309 2a-214

BBOP 4309 2a-215

BBOP 4309 2a-22

COlTespondence Regarding Land at 1858 -1864

Waipa

Deeds in Abeyance - Index

Attached

1865 - 1885

186611671 From: Retireti Te Tapihaoa, Maketu 1866 - 1866

- Subject: King Natives - cannot

pass tln'ough their land to attend

court at Cambridge

1866/1060 From: Hamilton TN, Resident 1866 - 1866

Magistrate, Raglan - Subject:

Notice of Sittings acknowledging

letter 870 Raglan

186611933 From: Tewi Wiremu, Heretunga- 1866 - 1866

Subject: Claiming land at Kawhia

and Waipa

1866/1907 From: Turton H Hanson, Auckland 1866 - 1866

- Subject: Overcharges returned

through Dr Harsant RM [Resident

Magistrate 1 Raglan

186611901 From: Tmton H Hanson, Auckland 1866 - 1866

- Subject: Crown Grant Purchases at

Waipa Reserves

1866/1901 From: Hetaraka Nero, Raglan- 1866 - 1866

Subject: Turton, land purchased

tln'ough him, grants not received

Tawawhati

1866/881 From: MacKay Alexander, Nelson - 1866 - 1866

113


January 2009

Agency Series Acc Boxlitem Record Description Dates

Subj ect: F Olwarding celiain land

claims Kawhia Region

BBOP 4309 2a-23 1866/881 From: Hautain T, Under Secretary, 1866 - 1866

Native Depmiment - Subject:

MacKay Alexander - land claims

Kawhia Region

BBOP 4309 3b-99 18681794 From: Piripi Otene - Subject: 1868 ~ 1868

Hetaraka Nero enclosing letter from

BBOP 4309 9a-254 18631125 From: Rogan John, Judge Native 1863- 1863

Land Court, Kaipara - Subject:

Nero's Offer of Land memo re

Block between Waitetuna and

Waipu

BBOP 4309 l1a-8 1883/52 From: Hakopa Kotuku, Waitetuna 1883 ~ 1883

and Another - Subject: Asking if to

be surveyed and requesting

information re sale etc Kawhia

BBOP 5966 33 1 Waikato local registers 1865 ~ 1873

BBOP 5966 38 1 Raglan and Aotea local registers 1865-1892

BBOP 5966 39 1 Kawhia and Mokau local registers 1865 - 1901

Land information New Zealand (LINZ), Hamilton

Reference Description Details of contents

Maori Historicial 13111 originals [File 1) Large cadastral map with added colous and text

Records SA 2157 box with green patch on showing Awakino, Mokau etc purchases

top of spine - marked in 2) Typed .extracts from MLC MBK Otorohanga

pencil "Awakino, 72, pp 342 - 352 (held at Awakino, 19 Aug

114


J anualY 2009


Mokau, Taumatamaire 1941) recording hearing of 1938 petition re

purchases"] Taumatamarie and other blocks

3) Typed schedule of Native Reserves at Mokau,

Awakino etc b1ks

4) Original grants to Maori for those Native

reserves under The Lands Act 1892

5) Typed copy of the 1938 petition re

Taumatamarie and other blocks

6) Typed Chronology of events on these blocks

with dates and document references

7) File of papers marked faintly "Awakino Mokau

Taumatamarie ... produced at Native Land

Court at Awakino 19 August 1941 [judge's

signature] - contents not photographed or are

the papers all inside this folder?

Alex(lIIder TlIl'1lbllll Librmy, Wellington

Papers of Sir Donald McLean

i. Letters in Maori to McLeanji·om Maori individuals at Kawhia & Raglan


MS-Papers-0032-0678B-01 Letter fi·om Tamihana Niutone and Te Waru to 2 May 1854

McLean

MS-Papers-0032-0678B-10 Letter from Paora to McLean (with translation) 22 Aug 1854

[Written from Waikawau and Mokau regarding

lands and includes copy with a translation and a

covering note from Schnackenberg]

MS-Papers-0032-0678A-17 Letter fi·om Taati and Te Kawau to McLean

and Kupa (with translation)

16 Mar 1854

115

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOli on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

MS-Papers-0032-068IA Inward letters to Donald McLean in Maori Jan-Jun 1857

MS-Papers-0032-0683A-06 Letter from Nuitone Te Pakaru to Wiremu Nera 14 Feb 1859

ii, Letters to McLeanfi'om missionaries and settlers at Kawhia and Raglan

Refm'ence Description Dates

MS-Papers-0032-0244 Inward letters - Surnames, Del- Dod [Specifically 1849-1876, nd

letter to McLean from W W Dixon (miller at

Kawhia), 1867 re purchase of land at Koutukowai

MS-Papers-0032-0344 Inward letters - Surnames, Hom-Hop

Josiah Hopkins at Kawhia to McLean, 1854

MS-Papers-0032-0361 Inward letters - Surnames, Jor-Jou

(letters (8) to McLean from R A Joseph from

Sydney and Kawhia between 1854 and 1867)

1854-1875, nd

1854-1871

MS-Papers-0032-0333 Inward letters - George W Drummond Hay 1857-1870

MS-Papers-0032-0459 Inward letters - John Morgan 1847-1861

MS-Papers-0032-0537 Inward letters - Surnames, Reimenschneider 1849-1870

MS-Papers-0032-0561 Inward letters - CH Schnackenberg 1845-1876, nd

MS-Papers-0032-0576 Inward letters - Surnames, Sin - Sma [Contains 7 1845-1876

letters from Thomas Skinner (Aotea and Rotorua) to

McLean between 1848 and 1861, Also contains two

letters from Gideon Smales, Aotea & East Tamaki,

1854 & 1870]

MS-Papers-0032-0618 Inward letters - Surnames, Wal- Wan [Includes 4 1857-1876

letters from Rev James Wallis, Auckland &

Waingaroa [Raglan], 1858-1860]

MS-Papers-0032-0634 Inward letters - Rev John Whiteley 1844-1861

MS-Papers-0032-0722 Outward drafts and fragments [Contains draft letters 1847-1854

to Thomas Skinner at Aotea]

MS-Papers-0032-0723 Outward drafts and fragments 1851, 1855-1860

[specifically letter re Mr Schnackenberg (resident

116


January 2009


missionaty) and settlers at Kawhia, April 1860]

MS-Papers-0032-0338 Inward letters - Louis Hetet [23 letters written ii'om 1849-1871

Mokau, Alexandra and Otorohanga, 1849-1871.

Includes typed transcripts]

iii. Letters to McLean fi'olll Government officials


MS-Papers-0032-0316 Inward letters - Hemy Halse 1858-1860

MS-Papers-1187-129 John Rogan - Letters to Donald McLean 3 Feb 1854, 6 Aug 1855

(also available as Micro-

MS-0714)

MS-Papers-0032-0540 Inward letters - John Rogan 1852-1858

MS-Papers-0032-0541 Inward letters - John Rogan 1859-1863

MS-Papers-0032-0542 Inward letters - John Rogan [40 letters written 1864-1870

from New Plymouth, Mt Albert (Auckland),

. Mangawhare, Ie Makiri (Kaipara), Matamata,

Wellington, Cambridge]

MS-Papers-0032-0544 Inward letters - John Rogan

117

1850s-1870s


JanualY 2009

iv. McLean's records of his work in varia liS Government roles

Reference

qMS-1193

MS-1197

MS-1199

MS-1201

MS-1205

MS-1283

MS-1290

MS-1291

MS-Papers-0032-0003A

MS-Papers-0032-0004

MS-Papers-0032-0008A

MS-Papers-0032-0017

MS-Papers-0032-0034

MS-Papers-0032-0043

Description Dates

Protector of Aborigines, Taranaki - Letter 5 Aug 1844-30 Jun 1846

book

Diary

Diary

Diary

Notebook relating to Mokau

Extracts from a joumal kept during a visit

to the interior ofthe Northem Island of

New Zealand

Land Purchase Department - Accounts

Land purchase accounts

Native Land Purchase Commissioner -

Papers

Native Land Purchase Commissioner

Papers

Sketches and rough maps relating to land

purchases

Miscellaneous Native affairs

22 Apr 1845-18 May 1846

19 Jan-l Feb 1846

10-21 Feb, 21 Mar 1846

19 Jan 1845,20-22 Jan

1846

1845

Apr 1854-Feb 1856

1853-1854,1855-1856

1850

1851-1857

unclear

1851-1863, 1865

Native Minister - Taranaki native meetings 1873

Native Minister - Miscellaneous papers rca 1855-1874]

MS-Papers-0032-0122B House of Representatives. McLean and

Fox. Criticisms of Grey's policy

1847-1876

MS-Papers-0032-0 125


Papers relating to provincial affairs -

Taranaki. Inspector of police

Papers relating to provincial affairs -

Taranaki. Inspector of Police

118

1850-1851

1851-1856


J anumy 2009

Reference


Description Dates

Papers relating to land - Printed papers re 1850-1877

land

Papers of other individuals

Reference

82-174

MS-Papers-0229

MS-Papers-2625-1

qMS-1393

qMS-1390-1392

MS-Papers-0944

MS-Papers-l 018

Micro-MS-0304

Description Dates

Schnackenberg, COli Hemy - Papers [Twenty volumes of 1846-1886

letterbooks (photocopy of type scripts), including letters

in German and Maori giving detailed accounts of his own

work and mission progress as well as local Maori politics

(patiial inventory available)]

Pratt family - Correspondence. Letters written to relatives 1855-1858, nd

in England from Edward and Sarah Pratt, New Plymouth.

Particular reference to the native mill at Mokau, which

Edward Pratt was engaged to erect.

Letters [to the Wesleyan Missionary Society]- Includes 1836-1849

letters by Rev James Wallis at Whaingaroa [Raglan]

inventory available

Narrative of adventures of early missionaries [by Rev

John Morgan]

1833-1850

Letters and journals of the Rev John Morgan, missionary 1833-1865

atOtawhao

Smales, Gideon 1817-1894: Letters - 1 Jan 1843-12 Mar 1843 - 1845

1845

Smales, Gideon 1817-1894: Papers -1786,1831-1890,

1957

Smales, Gideon 1817-1894: Papers

1831 - 1890

1839-1894

MS-1950 (MS-Copy- Thomas Skinner: Journal

Micro-0222)

1849-1856

119


January 2009

Reference

MS-Papers-0402

MS-Papers-2507

Description Dates

Newman-Buttle family papers [Includes letters from Rev 1831-1885

George Buttle - Divided into personal and business

correspondence - Piece-level inventory available]

Newman, William, d 1906: papers [Includes letters from 1808-1908

Rev George Buttle - Divided into personal and business

correspondence - Piece-level inventory available]

Micro-MS-06l2-01 Diary of Rev George Buttle; John Aldred's shipboard 1832-1874,1839-

1840

qMS-2212-2213

joumal

Whiteley, John - Joumal [covers of his work as Wesleyan 1832-1869

missionary (inc!. At Kawhia) and dealings with George

Grey, Donald McLean and Robert Parris re Maori-Piikehii

relations. NB: missing entries for 1837, Jnl1843 -

1860]

MS-Papers-0088-1A Inward c011'espondence - Church Missionary Society and 1847-1865

MS-Papers-2625-3

qMS-2175

MS-Papers-2625-2

others [includes letters by Rev John Morgan to the CMS.

See inventory for full description of contents of this

folder]

[Wesleyan Missionary Society] Letters and other papers - 1856-1859

Letters between various Wesleyan missionaries. Also

includes minutes of a meeting of the Missionary

Committee, 12 Aug 1856. Inventory available]

Wesleyan Mission Papers Vol 3 - [includes, Letters of

Thomas Buddie, 1866-1878; Letters and papers of Rev

Smales, 1855-1878; Letters and papers of Revs Turton

and Wallis 1856-1875; Miscellaneous letters and papers,

1856-1879]

1866-1879

[Wesleyan Missionary Society] Letters and other papers - 1850-1856

Revs Whitley, Buttle and Smales as contributors,

Inventory available]

120


January 2009


MS-Papers-2625-4 [Wesleyan Missionary Society] Letters [Letters between 1859-1870

various Wesleyan missionaries and others. Inventory

available]

MS-Papers-0077-6 COll'espondence [to Edward Catchpool]- [including from 1855-1862

Rev John Morgan, inventory available]

MS-Papers-0048-21 Miscellenous Maori material [held by Walter Lawry

Buller] - specifically document re lands ceded to John

White at Kawhia, 1840 'from D McLean 1884'

MS-Papers-0057-131 Personal papers - Letter from Rewi Maniapoto, and

promissory notes

Micro-MS-Coll-04-57 CMS missionaries and employees - Papers [includes

letters by Rev John Morgan to the CMS]

1840-1884

1863, 1845

1827-1877

Micro-MS-Coll-04-27 Early correspondence [of Rev John Morgan] (CNIE) and 1852-1883

letterbooks (CN/I 1, CN/I 2) [Two outward letterbooks

Jan 1852-Sep 1883 containg letters to individual

missionaries (including Rev John Mogan)]

Other museums alld libraries

Auckland Wm' Memorial Museum Library, Auckland

Ref Description Contents Dates

Y1372 SMALES, Gideon, See inventory list downloaded from National 1822 1839-1871

1817-1894, papers Register of Archives and Records [are these 1893-18941971

the same as Smales papers at ATL MS-

papers-l01877]

MS213(I) MORGAN, John, (1) Adventures of early missionaries 1833- 1833-1850 1836-

1810-1865, papers 1850, and Letters from Otawhao. 1850 1833-1865

(Typescript, 1 volume, 73, 61eaves); (2)

121


January 2009

Ref Description Contents

Letters to a friend. Written from Otawhao,

covering the period; 1836 to 1850, but

apparently written at a later date. (Typescript

copy, 1 bound volume, 80 leaves, 33.5 cm);

(3) Letters and journals of the Reverend

Joho Morgan, missionary at Otawhao, 1833-

1865.

Joho Kinder Theological Library, Auckland


MET003 Wesleyan Missionary Series 1: Letters and papers, Wesleyan

Letters Collection.

Letters 1813-1933

missionaries, 1828-1932, (42 items); Series 7:

Methodist Land transactions paper, 1831-1892,

(38 items); Series 10: Letterbook, 1856-1858,

Methodist Church of Australasia. Department of

overseas missions letters.

MET004 Wesleyan Methodist Chronological order. A collection ofletters,

Missionary Society. including diary extracts which the Wesleyan

Letters to the missionaries were required to send to the

Secretaries, typescript Society on a regular basis.

MET013 Whiteley, John, 1806- Includes Whiteley's journal for 1832-1863

1869. Collection,

1832-1983

(typescript), as well as other items related to

Whiteley.

MET014 Wallis, James. 1809- Collection of items relating to James Wallis and

1895. Collection, the Wallis family

122

Dates

Dates

1813-1933

unclear

1806-1869

1845-1941


January 2009


1845-1941

MET017 RishwOlth, John S. Journal entries cover the period April 1864 to

Journal, 1864-1867 January 1867, and his activities at Karakariki,

Waipa. Typescript also available.

MET019 Schnackenberg, COlt [No description of content in source catalogue]

Hemy,1812-1880,

Papers, 1846-1880

Te Awamutu Museum, Te Awarnutu

Ref

ARC1874

Description Contents

SW ARBRICK, generally historical cOl1"espondence: E.H.

Hemy Augustus, Schnackenberg and Kawhia

1889-1968

Dates

1864-1867

1846-1880

Dates

unclear

ARC2632; MORGAN, John, Includes his correspondence to the Church 1833-1865

ARC3747/13; diary and Missionary Society, Govemor Browne, as well

ARC2365- c011"espondence as journal entries over this period. Transcribed

378 photocopies (16 items)

Pukeariki Museum, New Plymouth

Creator

Flight, Josiah, 1800-

1884

RICHMOND, Hemy

Robert


N/A The collection ofletters (51 items) is almost 1848-1888

exclusively from H.H. Turton ofKawhia and

Auckland, and D. McLean of Wellington and

Auckland.

ARC2001- In this letter to his mother, Richmond gives an 1851

160 account of his joumey with his brother

123


January 2009

overland from Auckland to Taranaki in 1851.

It is a descriptive account detailing both the

social and physical geography of the country

between. Typescript

Christchurch Methodist Archives

Ref

N/A

N/A

NlA

N/A

Description

Wallis, James. 1809-1895, papers

Contents Dates

Reminiscences about the Reverend James c.l880s-1895

Wallis' missionary work in the

Whaingaroa circuit 1834-1863 written for

his grandson, Rev. Tom J Wallis, c 1880-

1890. Typescripts

Wallis, James. 1809-1895, papers Collection of papers including a 1834-c1895

Whiteley, Rev. John,

cOll'espondence

Whiteley, Rev. John,

cOll'espondence

handwritten obituary of Rev. James

Wallis, by Rev. Hemy H Lawry c 1895, a

letter to Rev. Thomas Jackson Wallis

from his grandfather, the Reverend James

Wallis, outlining his missionary carreer in

NZ. Original deeds plus photocopy

Letters to Mr. and Mrs James Whiteley, 1833-1844

from their son, Rev. John Whiteley, 4

May 1839, Kawhia. Typescript

Papers, notes or part of a letter from John c.1840

Whiteley relating to the purchase of land

for new mission stations in New Zealand.

Annotated typescript

124


January 2009

Maps and Plans

British Parliamentary Papers for the Colonies: New Zealalld (BPP)

Volume Reference Title

BPPNZ10 1860 [2719[ Vol. Map of New Zealand shewing the sites of flour

XLVI mills, the property of the Aborigines, Jolm

Arrowsmith, Litho [accompanying schedule on

page 11]

BPPNZ11 1860 (492) Vol. Map of New Zealand shewing approximately the

XLVII extent ofland acquired from the Natives (signed by

Andrew Sinclair, Government Sm'Veyor) [Sept

1859]

BPPNZ14 1866 [3695] Vol. L Map showing conquered te11'itory in NOlihem Pali

ofNolih Island of New Zealand

BPPNZ14 1865 [3425] Vol. Sketch Map of the Waikato District, signed by

XXXVII George Graham, 13 June 1864 [enclosed with copy

of a despatch from Govemor Sir George Grey to the

Right Honorable Edward Cardwell, 7 July 1864, p

54]

BPPNZ14 1865 [3425] Vol. Map of the Districts proposed to be included within

XXXVII the operation of the New Zealand Settlements Act

[n/d but enclosed with a copy of a despatch from

Govemor Sir George Grey to the Right Honorable

Edward Cardwell, 3 September 1864, p 110]

BPPNZ14 1865 [3425] Vol. Map shewing approximately the te11'itory proposed

XXXVII to be confiscated in the Waikato country, in the

priovince of Taranaki and near Wanganui [n/d but

enclosed with a copy of a despatch form Governor

Sir George Grey to the Right Hon Edward

125

Date

December

1853

n/d but

letter

attached is

dated 20

September

1859

1864

July 1864

Sept 1864

Oct 1864

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rolle Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

Volume Reference

BPPNZ14 1865 [3455] Vol.

XXXVII

BPPNZ14 1865 [3455] Vol.

XXXVII

Title

Cardwell, 8 October 1864, pp 149-150]

Map showing proposed frontier line of fortified

posts &c. [nld but cited in enclosure 2 to No.3

Memorandum by Govemor Grey of 5 November

1864, pp 7 - 8]

Map showing the proposed frontier line from

Tauranga to Raglan [nld but cited in enclosure 2 to

No.3 Memorandum by Governor Grey of5

November 1864, pp 7 - 9]

Date

Nov 1864

Nov 1864

BPPNZ14 1865 [3455] Vol. Map of the Districts proposed to be included within Nov 1864

XXXVII the operation of the New Zealand Settlements Act

[with additional pink line - nld cited in enclosure 2

to No.3 Memorandum by Govemor Grey of 5

November 1864, pp 7 - 9]


Alexander TUl'nbull Libl'my, Wellington

Reference Title

A-208-006 View of Raglan Harbour

A-208-007 Settlements on the South

Description Date

Drawing by Ashworth, Edward (1814- 1843

1896) An extensive view from a high

standpoint, looking down over Raglan

Harbour. A tree fern, ferns and tree bunks

with epiphytes in the foreground, and the

church and mission station of Rev. James

Wallis at Nihinihi in the distance, close to

the water. Further hills in the background.

Drawing by Ashworth, Edward (1814- 1843

Creek ofWaingaroa harbour 1896) An extensive view from a high

126


January 2009

Reference

B-088-014

PUBL-0139-

105

Title Description

shewing Karioi (carry owee) standpoint looking down over Raglan

Mt., New Zealand Harbour. The buildings on the right in the

distance are those of Rev. J. Wallis's

Wesleyan Mission house and chapel.

Sketched on Ashworth's trip to the

Waikato, December 1843. Taken from

The world was all before me; journals

and watercolours of Edward Ashworth

Fom the collections of the Alexander

Turnbull Library. National Library

Gallery, 27 April - 29 July 2001.

Date

Wesleyan mission station at A church and mission station on the north 1836

Waingaroa, New Zealand. side of the Waingaro (Raglan) Harbour,

Natives assembling to Waikato. Te Horea, the first mission

worship Baxter's Patent Oil station of James and Mary Ann Wallis is

Printing. London, Wesleyan

Missionary Society, 1846.

shown. There are Maori and Pakeha

walking up the path to the church, others

standing on the bank ofthe river and two

canoes emptying NB: Rev. James Wallis

occupied two different mission statioris

on the shores of Raglan Harbour, the first,

Te Horea near the northem mouth of the

harbour, the later, from 1838-1862, at

Nihinihi, somewhat inland and south of

the harbour.

Wesleyan Mission Station at Wood engraving showing three buildings 1846

Kawhia Harbour at the Wesleyan Mission Station at

Kawhia Harbour, including the home of

127

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scopiug report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

Reference

A-015-025

A-020-013

E-296-q-148-1

PA1-0-207-10

Title

Wesleyan mission station at

Raglan (Whaingaroa)

Rev. J. Morgan's mission

station, Waikato [Otawhao 1

The mission house,

Otawhao, Waikato. Rev.

John Morgan's station.

House and gardens at

Takatahi, Kawhia

Description

the missionaries (the large building in the

centre) and possibly the school or church

in the distance, The foreground building

appears to be a barn. The area is fenced

with some gardens and agricultural

activities being ca11'ied out. Part of the

harbour with yachts can be seen to the

left.

Coloured engraving of the station as seen

from across the river Waikato.

Pencil drawing by George French Angas

shows the mission station as a medium-

sized house with several outbuildings and

a small church to the right. The whole

area is fenced and there is a stream, lower

right.

Pen and Ink drawing by Rev Richard

Taylor showing the front of a house with

front verandah and a surrounding garden.

The front windows have shutters. The

church can be seen at the extreme right

background.

Photographed by Bruno Hamel. Two

whare may be seen within the grounds of

the house, and another in the middle

distance. Vegetable gardens may be seen

128

Date

1846

1844

1847

1859


January 2009

Reference Title Description Date

at the back of the house, to the left of the

picture. There is erosion on the hills in the

background.

129

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOll on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

The search for and creation of new form of title and the use and

alienation of Maori land in the Rohe Potae Inquiry District (1870-1907)

Notes: This bibliography excludes all files that are about specific blocks as these were

too numerous to list. They have been identified and listed in a spreadsheet as part of this

scoping exercise.


Appendices to the JOlll'llals of the HOllse of Representatives (AJHR)

COlTes12ondence and re120lis

Year Reference No.! Pages Title

1872 D -5 Report of Resident Engineer, James Stewart, to engineer-in-

chief, Public Works Depmiment

1873 A-1a No. 11 Further Despatches from Govt NZ: Description of visit to

Kawhia and meeting Tawhiao. RepOli on conditions of

Natives

1874 E - 3 Report of John CalTuthers, Engineer-in-chief, Public Works

Depmiment

1875 G-4 No. 15 - No. Native Minister meeting with Tawhiao: Notes on McLean's

18 visit to Waikato/Waitomo

1875 G-4 No. 19 Native Minister meeting with Tawhiao: Mair to under sec.

Native Dept. Alexandra. Notes on McLean's visit

1877 G - 1 No. 10 Reports from officers in Native Districts: Bush to Native

Minister - visit to Ngati Haua

1878 G-12 No.1 and Rewi's invitation to his Excellency: Copy ofletter from

No.2 Rewi to Governor requesting a meeting

1878 G- 3 Waikato and Waitara native meetings: Extracts from

newspapers

130

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centmy land issues,

January 2009

Year Reference No.fPages Title

1878 G- 3a Notes on meeting between Grey, Rewi and Native Minister

at Puniu

1879 G - lc No.1 to 2 Native Matters at Raglan: Resident Magistrate Bush to

Native Minister regarding meeting with Tawhiao at Kawhia

1879 G - Ic No.3 to 5 Native Matters at Raglan: Resident magistrate Bush to

Native minister - general activities, disputes over road

construction

1879 G - Ic No.6 to 8 Native Matters at Raglan: Resident Magistrate Bush to

Native Minister c travelling the district.

1879 G-2 Te Kopua Meeting: Letters and reports on meeting between

Grey and Tawhiao.

1879 G-9 Tawhiao and Native matters in Waikato: Major Te Wheoro

to Native Minister. General activities since Kopua meeting

1881 G-9 No.1 Tawhiao 's visit to Waikato settlements: Report from Mail',

meeting Rewi and Tawhiao

1881 G-9 No.8 Tawhiao 's visit to Waikato settlements: Mair's account of

meeting with Tawhiao

1881 G-9 No.2 to 7 Tawhiao 's visit to Waikato settlements: Exchange of

correspondence between Mail' and Tawhiao

1882 G-4 Letter from Te Wheoro forwarding proposals from Tawhiao

on ceasing sales, making of roads etc

1882 G-4a No.1 Tawhiao's Meeting at Whatiwhatihoe: Resident Magistrate

Bush's account to Native Minister. Description of meeting

1882 G-4b Letter from Rewi Maniapoto calling for Parliament to be

moved to Auckland

1883 A - 8 No. I Native Affairs and the amnesty: Jervois to Governor.

Decision to re-open to port of Kawhia

1883 A- 8 No.2 Native Affairs and the amnesty: Jervois to Governor.

Quoting memo from Bryce on commencing Main Trunk

131

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centnry land issues,

January 2009

Year Reference No.lPages Title

Line extension. Mention of some unrest. Support from Rewi

and Wahanui

1883 A- 8 Enell Native Affairs and the amnesty: Bryce to Governor.

Expression of confidence in road and railway surveys to

commence folloWing greetings at Kawhia

1883 A- 8 Enel2 Native Affairs and the amnesty: Bryce to Governor. Talk of

breakthrough in King Country. Survey of railway to go

ahead, Tawhiao losing support.

1883 J - 1 Rohe Potae and Ngati Tuwharetoa petition

1884 A-I No. 10 Despatches from the Governor - Jervois to Sec State for

Colonies: Progress on railway satisfactory

1884 Sess I, D - 5 Report on the Main Trunk Railway

1885 D-6 NOlih Island Trunk Railway commencing Malion to Te

Awamutu, section of

1885 G -1 Transcript of discussion between Ballance and Natives at

Kihikihi. Wahanui reference to Compact with Bryce.

1885 G - 1 pp 12-24 Notes of a meeting between the Hon. Mr Balance and the

Natives at Kihikihi, on the 4th February 1885

1885 G -1 pp 24 - 29 Notes of a meeting between the Hon. Mr Balance and

Tawhaio at Whatiwhatihoe, on the 6th February 1885

1886 G-3 Native meeting Poutu, Taupo: Scannell account of meeting

1886 G-8 Notes on inquiry by Native Minister at Kihikihi: Inquiry into

satisfaction of Amnesty Act; referring to murder of Moffatt

1888 D -1 Report on the Main Trunk Railway

1889 G-7 The Tauponuiatia Block: Report of the Royal Commission

on

1889 G-7a The Tauponuiatia Commission: Memo by Under Sec to

Native Minister. Dubious nature of Grace actions

1884 A-I No. 13 Despatches fi'om the Governor: Jervois to Sec State for

132


January 2009

Year Reference No.lPages Title

Colonies. Opening of Kawhia harbour progressing well.

Natives expressed pleaslli'e at the opening

1884 Sess II, C- Rohe Potae survey

1

1884 G - 1 Opening ofKawhia Harbolli': Memo by Native Minister on

opening and recent establishment of constabulary post in

locality. Account of little disruption. Tawhiao placated

1885 A-2 No.3 & Enc1 Despatches from sec. of state. To Govemor: Copy of letter

from Tawhiao and others to Imperial Govt. Complaint over

taking land and entering Kawhia

1885 C - la No.2 Slli'veys of New Zealand - Appendix 2: Report of Lawrence

Cussen, Slli'veyor, 1884: Reports from Chief Slli'veyors in

charge of settlement operations; Auckland - triangulation of

King Country has started. Slli'vey of Wahauroa Block

1885 G-9 Survey of Maod land in the King Country, reports from the

Chief Slli'veyors, Auckland in relation to: Consent to slli'vey

given by Wahanui et al.

1886 A-I No. 15 Despatches from Govemor to Sec of State: Tawhiao letter to

lervois. Complaints about Govt abuse of Treaty. Particular

reference to Kawhia

1886 C - la No.4 Slli'veys of New Zealand - Appendix 4: Roads to open crown

lands for sale; Kawhia - Waipa; Kawhia - Aotea

1887 A-I No. 22 Despatches from Govemor to Sec of State: Memo from

Minister Native Affairs - Account of the resolution to the

dispute leading to constabulary posted at Kawhia; mention

of King movement broken and beyond revival

1887 A-2 No.9 Despatches from Sec state to Govemor: COlTespondence

between Tawhiao and Gorst. Calling of Govemment

behaviolli' oppressive. Reference to soldiers stationed at

133


January 2009

Year Reference No./Pages

1887 C-2 No.3

1888 C-1a No.2

1890

1891

1891

1892

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1900

1901

1907

1907

C - 5

C - 1a

C -la

I - 9

0-1

C - 1

C - 1

C - 1

C - 1

C -1

C -1

C - 1

o -lb

0-10

No.1

No.1

No.2

Title

Kawhia

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 3 - Roads to open

Crown lands for sale; Kawhia - Waipa; Kawhia - Aotea

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 2 - Auckland roads

survey, Fairbum. Whaingaroa - Waitetuna; Kawhia

Alexandra

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 1 - Auckland survey,

Humphries. Update on King Country survey

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 1 - Auckland survey,

Mueller. Including update on King Country survey

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 1 - RepOli on roads in

King Country; Waitomo Caves Road, Otorohanga - Kihikihi.

Report on roads to main trunk railway

RepOli on the Main Trunk Railway

Pakeha and Maori: A Narrative of the Premier's [Seddon]

Trip through the Native Districts of the NOlih Island

Appendix 3 - roads [Hursthouse, NOlih Island Central; Te

Kuiti - A wakino]

Appendix 3 - roads [Hursthouse, North Island Central]

Appendix 3 - roads [Hursthouse, North Island Central]

Appendix 3 - roads [Auckland Central, Hursthouse]

Appendix 3- roads [Central Auckland, Burd. Bridle track

and roads formed in blocks]

Appendix 2 - surveys - Auckland, Mueller. RepOli from

chief surveyor

Appendix 3- roads [Central Auckland, Mueller]

Interim RepOli on Native Lands in Rohe Potae District

[Stout-Ngata Commission]

RepOli of Native Land Commission [Stout-Ngata] on Native

134


January 2009

Year Reference No./Pages Title

1907 G - 10

1907 G - 3a

1909 C-2

lands in the Rohe Potae District

Table showing Native Lands and Native land tenure for each

county

Appendix Maori Land purchase options - Report from W H Grace,

Kihikihi on Land Settlement Act

Appendix 3 Surveys of New Zealand - Roads to open crown lands for

sale; description ofWaikato River to Awaroa

Returns and tables (general)

Year Reference Title

1880 G - 3b Retmn of Native Reserves in NOllh Island

1885 G - 6 Lands passed through the Native Land Comt and purchased by

Europeans, (return of) since 1873

1888 G - 2 Native Land Purchases in the NOlth Island, (retmn of) since 1 st April

1884

1891 C - 8 Table showing Land Acquired for settlement along NOlth Island Main

Trunk Railway [Area of Freehold and leasehold land between 1881-

1891]

1891 G - 10 Native Lands in the Colony [shows lands within area reserved by Main

Trunk railway loan application Act]

Return ofland purchased and leased from Natives in NOlth Island

Year Reference

1889 C - 6

1890 G-4

1892 G-4

1893 G-4

135


January 2009

1894 0-3

1895 0-2

1896 0-3

1897 0-3

1897 0-3

1898 0-3

1899 0-3

1901 0-3

1902 0- 3

1909 0-3

Petitions

(i) Petitions regarding the Aotea Block


petitionerls

JHR IJLC AJHR Subject

ref. ref.

1892 385/1892 Pouwharetapu 1892, p 1893, 13, That through wrong

Tuirirangi XXXVII & p 20 survey ofthe Aotea-

1893,p

XXXVI

Manuaitu block, his tribe

has lost a large portion of

their land

B1ocklRegion

Aotea

1892 58011892 Te Ngarupiki 1892, p 1893,13, Petitioner alleges that a Aotea

XXX p 4 block ofland called

136

Aotea has been surveyed

by a surveyor named

'Rakapata' (Rochfort?),

who is pressing the

Natives for payment of

his fees. Petitioner prays

for relief


January 2009

(N) Petitions about Blocks taken through the Native Land Court

Petitions regarding original survey/application for surveyor boundaries


petitioner/s

JHR /JLC AJHR Subject

ref. ref.

1891 598/1891 TohaRahurahu 1891,p 1891, Petitioners pray that they

and others XXXIII 13, P 33 have heard that Donnelly

and Arini Donelly have

applied for a survey of the

Kaiwaka block and they

pray that their application

may not be granted

Petitions regarding boundaries of particular blocks

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR/JLC AJHR Subject

petitioner/s ref. ref.

1940 73/1940 Pouaka Wehi 1940, p 169 1941,13, For the inclusion in

and 22 others & 1947,p p2 Maraeroa C block of an

418 area of 3,890 scares

allegedly included in

Maraeroa B block in

error

1947 23/1947 Mahuri 1947, p 419 1947,13, That the subject matter

Tawhanaand p 10 of petition 74/1940,

others (Ngati Maraeroa C block, be

Rereahu) refe11'ed to two judges

of the Native Land

COutt

1947 28/1947 TeUruHone 1947, p 417 1947,13, That the area of surplus

Pihama p 10 land in the Maraeroa

137

BIock/Region

Kaiwaka

BIock/Region

Maraeroa

Maraeroa

Maraeroa


January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR Subject B1ocIdRegion


block taken by the

Crown be referred to

the Commission

Petitions requesting special legislation for a specific block

Year Pet ref.

1907 589/1907

1907 645/1907

Name of JHR /JLC AJHR ref. Subject BlocklRegion

petitioner/s ref.

Kauki Tauira 1907, p

and 27 others XXXIX

(Ngati

Mahanga,

Ngati te Wehi,

Ngati

Wairama,

Ngati te DIU

and others)

Kura Tamaki 1907,p

and 8 others XXXIX

138

1907,13, p Petitioners pray for Moerangi-

11 special legislation re Matakowhai

the Moerangi-

Matakowhai block

1907,13, p Petitioners pray that Moerangi-

12 a celiain petition in Matakowhai

reference to the

Moerangi-

Matakowhai block

may be set aside


January 2009

Petitions regarding wahi tapu and/or reserves promised

Year Pet Ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR Subject BlocklRegion

petitionerls ref. ref.

1885 385/1885 Mihaka 1885,p 1885, 12, Petitioners state that their Moerangi

Rererangi and XXXI

others

p 27 burial ground at

Moerangi has been

desecrated by the

Europeans. They state

that they were promised

by the Government that

their burial place should

be preserved. They now

ask for 400 acres of land

where there burial place

IS

Petitions regarding ownership and/or allocation of shares

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR ref. Subject BlocklRegion

1903

petitionerls ref.

452/1903 Hema 1903, p 1903, I3, p 26 Petitioners pray for a Aotea South

Ngapua and XXIX & & 1904,13, P 7 further hearing as to

another XL the ownership of the

Maukutea or

Manawaitu-Aotea

South block

1903 859/1903 Te Ngunguru 1903, p 1903, I3, P 27 That her name, and Aotea South

XL

1930 135/1930 Henare 1930,p

139

those of her family,

be put in the title of

Aotea South A block

1931, I3, p 3 Praying for a Hauturu


January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR ref. Subject BlocklRegion

petitioner/s ref.

Ahuriri and XXI redistribution of

another,ofTe shares in the Hauturu

Araroa 2 block

1937 16411937 Parekura 1937-38, p 1937-8, I3, P For a redistribution Hauturu

Tureiaand 246 14 of shares in Hauturu

others 2 block

1921 150/1921 Ngamihi 1921-22, 1921-22, I3, p Praying for inquiry Kaingapipi

Ngarotata sess II, p 10 as to the ownership

XXXII ofKaingapipi 2B

1895 485/1895 Te Ahirau 1895, p 1896, I3, P 4 Petitioners pray that Kawhia Block

Waitai and 2 XXXIV a fuliher

others investigation may be

held into the

ownership of part of

the Kawhia block,

known as Paringatai

1903 68811903 Mutu Te Ake 1903, p 1903, I3, p 24 Petitioners pray for a Kawhia Block

and 3 others XVII rehearing in

connection with Te

Papa-o-Karewa or

Kawhia M block

1903 827/1903 Hone Kaora 1903,p 1903, I3, P 25 Petitioners pray that Kawhia Block

and 5 others XXXII the petition of Mutu

te Ake and others in

relation to Papa-o-

Karewa, Kawhia M,

may not be given

effect to

140


January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR ref. Subject Block/Region

petitionerls ref.

1889 31111889 AroaHaereiti 1889,p ? That a rehearing of Kinohaku

and others XXI Kinohaku Block may

be granted

1896 42111896 Hotutaua 1896,p 1896,13, P 25 Petitioners pray for a Kinohaku East

Pakukohatu XXI rehearing in regard

and 51 others to Kinohaku East 2

(pakeho), part of the

Rohepotae

1896 474/1896 Te Ata Erana 1896, p 1896,13, p 25 Petitioner prays for Kinohaku East

XIX rehearing in

connection with

Kinohaku East 1

1927 128/1927 Paetai 1927,p 1927,13, p 15 For rehearing in Kopua

Kaimoana XXV connection with

and 7 others Kopua C block

1910 516/1910 Potahi Te 1910,p 1910,13, P 21 Petitioner prays for a Manuaitu Aotea

Tihirahi XXXIII rehearing re South

(Ngati definition of interests

Mahuta) in Manuaitu Aotea

South (or Te

Kakawa) block

1905 359/1905 Te 1905,p 1905,13, p 17 Petitioners pray for Maukutea, part

Katuwhero XXIV rehearing in of Aotea South,

and 8 others connection with Manawaitu

(N gati Reko) Maukutea, part of

Aotea South,

Manawaitu block

1911 66/1911 Kauki Tauit'a 1911, P 1911,13, P 5 Petitioner prays for a Moerangi

141


January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR ref. Subject B1ocklRegion

petitionerls ref.

of XXVII rehearing re the

MOlTinsville Moerangi block

1911 202/1911 Te Tawharau 1911, p 1911,13, P 10 Petitioner prays for a Moerangi

Rapana XXV rehearing re the

distribution of shares

in Moerangi block

1890 23/1890 Tohengaroa 1890, p 1890,13,p 12 Petitioners pray for a Orahiri and

Te Rauroha XXIII rehearing of the Waitomo

and 42 others blocks ofland

known by the names

of Orahiri 1 and

Waitomo 2 on the

ground that some

claimants were

wrongfully admitted

by the Chief of the

Native Land Court

1913 415/1913 Omipi Math'e 1914, p 1914,13, P 13 For an investigation Otorohanga

XIX in re the Otorohanga

PNo.2 block

1931 133/1931 Tamati Tana 1931, p 1931,13,p9 Praying for relief in Otorohanga

and 2 others, XXII connection with the

of Otorohanga block

Otorohanga

Petitions requesting inclusion of names

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR Subject B1ocklRegion

petitionerls ref. ref.

142


January 2009

1926 22211926 Rutu Here

Mokena

1926, p 1926, I3, Praying for inquiry into Kaipiha

1913

XXV p 9 her claims to be included

in the ownership of

Kaipiha Block, and for

relief

1913, P XXI 1913, I3, Praying for a Kawhia Block 4611913 Haki

Amopoand

another

P 12 reinvestigation to enable and Karewa

the inclusion of their Township

names in the title to

Kawhia S Block, Kawhia

A block, Kawhia W Block

and Karewa Township

Petitions regarding disputed partitions

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR Subject


1916 4311916 KahoBarton 1916,p 1916, Prayingthatthepartition

of Kawhia XXII I3, P 23 order re Kawhia R2B be

& 1917, cancelled, and the said block

13, P 8 repartitioned

BlocklRegion

Kawhia

1903 858/1903 Tukorehu and 1903, p L 1904, Petitioners pray that a Mangamahoe

10 others 13, p 19 rehearing may be held in

connection with the pattition

of the patts of the

Mangamahoe block

Petitions regarding request for partition by non-seller

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR ref. Subject

petitioner/s ref.

143

BlocklRegion


January 2009

1914 631/1914 Punopo

Pouwhare

1914, P 1915,13, p Praying that certain

XXI

Petitions regarding succession

9 interests in Kawhia S

block be partitioned off,

as owners dissented to

the sale of the said block

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR IJLC AJHR ref. Subject

petitionerls ref.

1915 335/1915 Hohipera 1915, p 1916, 13, P Praying for a rehearing re

Tuwaerenga XLI 8 succession to interests ofTe

and 20 Piu Toi (deceased) in

others Kinohaku East and other

blocks

1919 7511919 MereTe 1919,p 1920,13, P Praying for inquiry into the

Rongo and XXXV 13 decision of the Native Land

6 others CoU\1 in appointing a

successor to the interest of

Tarahuia Nahona in

Kinohaku East 2 and 9, and

also that a caveat be issued

against the title of the said

block to prevent any transfer

of the said land.

1894 150/1894 Arapeta 1894,p 1894,13, P Petitioner prays for

Patuof XV 4 legislation to enable a

Kawhia rehearing to be made of a

succession order to land

known as the MUl'iwai

block, which he alleges has

144

Kawhia Block

B1ocklRegion

Kinohaku East

Kinohaku East

Muriwai

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centUlY land issues,

January 2009


petitionerls ref.

been wrongfully awarded

owing to the suppression of

certain facts

1914 298/1914 Tamati

Huihi of

Pirongia,

Auckland

1914, P

XXIX

1915, I3, p Praying that he be appointed Parihoro and

9 a successor to the interests Kakepuku

of various deceased persons

in Parihoro 2A and

Kakepuku 7A

1915 117/1915 Tamati

Huihi of

Pirongia,

Auckland

1915, P

XXIX

1915, I3, p Praying that he be appointed Parihoro and

30 a successor to the interests Kakepuku

of various deceased persons

in Parihoro 2A and

Kakepuku 7A

Petitions regarding timber licences

Year Pet Ref. Name of JHR/JLC AJHRref. Subject BlocklRegion

petitionerls·

1913 31511913 The Parker

Lamb Trader

Company

(Limited) of

Auckland

ref ..

1913, P 1913, I3, p Praying for legislation Kinohaku East

XXXVI 25 to enable validation of

contracts re timber on

Kinohaku East lA,

sections 2 and 3, and

other blocks

145


January 2009

Petitions regarding partitioning of land for survey liens


petitionerls

1916 511916 Ngamihi Te

Huiaand 3

others of

Otorohanga

Partitions regarding leases

JHR IJLC AJHR Subject

ref.

1916, p

XXVII

ref.

1916,13, Praying for reliefre the

p 25 partitioniug-off of a portion of

Kinohaku East No.5E, section

2, in satisfaction of survey lien

BlocklRegion

Kinohaku East


1886

petitionerls ref.

370/1886 Henry R.

Richmond

1886, P

XXIX

146

1886,12, P Petitioner prays that the Mangapapa

22 block of land described

as Mangapapa in NZ

Gazette 27 May 1886

may be exempted fi'om

the provisions of 'The

Native Land

Administration Act

1886' excepting only

the 46th section or that

a company consisting of

both European and

Natives may be enabled

to negotiate for a lease

of the said land on

which their coal mine is

situated

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOll on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centUlY land issues,

January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR ref. SUbject Biock/Region

petitioner/s ref.

1886 41011886 Wetere Te 1886,p 1886,12, P Petitioner prays that the Mangapapa

Rerengaand XXX 31 block of land described

others as Mangapapa in NZ

Gazette 27 May 1886

may be exempted from

the provisions of 'The

Native Land

Administration Act

1886' excepting only

the 46th section so that

they may be able to

lease the said land to

Nevil Walker and H R

Richmond for coal

mining purposes

1891 59411891 Richard 1891, p 1892, 13, p Petitioner prays that Mangapapa

Laishley XXVII 6 investigation may be

made as to what

compensation he is

entitled to in connection

with troubles arising out

of the purchase of a

block of land called

Mangapapa 1B

1885 247/1885 Epiha Karoro 1885, p 1885,12, P Petitioners state that a Mokau

and others XXVI 19 person named Poole got

pennission from them

to occupy a portion of

147


January 2009


petitionerls ref.

their land near Mokau,

which was pegged off

by Poole. He

afterwards occupied

more of their land

without their pennission

and erected a jetty.

Some of the petitioners

destroyed a portion of

the jetty, for which they

were summoned and

were ordered to pay,

with damages and costs

£47 8s. They say the

amount for the damage

to the jetty was

excessive and that the

Magistrate had no

power to deal with the

case. They pray that

inquiry be made into

their case.

1887 476/1887 MokauCoal 1888, p 1888, 13, p Petitioners pray that a Mokau

Company XX 21 certain lease to one

(Limited) and Nevil Walker may not

another be validated and that N

Walker may not be

empowered to complete

148


January 2009

Year Pet ref. Name of JHR /JLC AJHR ref. Subject Block/Region

1887

1891

petitioner/s ref.

253/1887 Atihur Owen 1888, p

XX

89/1891 Atthur Owen 1891, p

XXXII

149

the same or obtain the

execution of a new

lease until a full inquiIy

has been made

1888,13, P Petitioner who was in Mokau River

21 treaty with certain

Natives for the lease of

a block ofland on the

nOlih bank of the River

Mokau makes serious

charges against two

judges ofthe Native

Land Court and others

alleging that they have

used illegal means to

prevent him acquiring

the said land. He prays

that no action may be

taken by the

Govemment until a full

inquiry has been made

and justice done

1892,13, P Petitioner prays that full Mokau River

15 inquiry may be made

into his claim to land on

the north bank of the

Mokau River


January 2009

Commissions ofInguiry

Appendices to the Jallrnals a/the Hallse a/Representatives (AJHR)


1891 G - 1 Report of the Commission appointed to inquiry into Native Land Laws

(Rees/Carroll)

1891 G-3 Edwards, Otorohanga, on behalf of Ngati Maniapoto making suggestions

respecting Native Land Courts and dealings with Native lands

Reports from Officers in Native Districts - Waikato (including Waipa, Kawhia and Upper

Mokau)

Year Reference No.lPages

1871 F - 6a No. 12

1872 F - 3a No. 11

1872 F - 3a No. 12

1872 F - 3a No. 15

1873 G - 1 No.6 and No.7

1873 G - 1 No. 23

1873 G - Ib No.6

1874 G-2 No.9

1874 G-2 No. 10

1874 G-2 No.l1

1874 G-2b No.1 to No.5

1874 G-2b No.2

1874 G-2b No.3

1874 G-2b No.4

1874 G-2b No.6 to No.9

1874 G-2b No.8

150


January 2009

Year

1875

1875

1875

1875

1875

1877

1877

1877

1878

1878

1878

1879

1879

1879

1880

1881

1881

1882

1883

1883

1885

1886

1886

Census of Maori population

Reference

G - 1

G - 1

G -1

G- la

G-lh

G - 1

G - 1

G - 1

G - 1

G - 1

G - la

G - 1

G - 1

G - la

G-4a

G- 8

G- 8

G -1

G - 1

G - 1

G-2

G - 1

G-2

No./Pages

No.7

No.1

No.6

No.1

No.2

No.9

No.7

No.7

No. 10

No.9

No.2

No. 14

No. 18

No.1

No.5

No.6

No.9

No.2

No.9

No.9

No.5

No.5, pp 3 - 9

Year Reference No./Pages Title

1878 G - 2 No.9 and 10 Mail' to under sec. Native Dept regarding the

151


January 2009

Year

1878

1881

1886

1891

1896

1896

1901

1901

1906

1906

1911

1911

Reference

G-2

G- 3

G - 12

G-2

H-13b

H - 13b

H-26b

H-26b

H-26a

H-26a

H -14a

H -14a

No.lPages

Enc!.

No.4

No.6

No.3

No.4

Title

Census of Maori population 1878

Table of results from Census of Maori

population 1878

Mair to under sec. Native Dept commenting on

Maori population, Auckland, upper Waikato

Wilkinson's repOli on census of Maori

population, Alexandra

Wilkinson's repOli on King Country census of

Maori Population, Otorohanga

W H Grace, Kihikihi to Dept Justice regarding

census of Maori population

Summary of Maori census p 13

No.3 (App II) RepOli of Chief enumerator Mail', RotolUa on

Maori population census in Waikato, Raglan and

Kawhia

Summary table of Maori population census 1901

Repoli on census ofthe Maori Population for

Auckland - Waikato-Taupo

Summary table of Maori population census

RepOli on census of the Maori Population for

Auckland - Waikato-Taupo

Summary table of Maori population census

British Parliamelltmy Papers for the Colollies: New Zeahllld (BPP)


NZ16 1870[c.83] 20-25 Copy of a despatch Firth was a merchant of 20 June 1869

from Govemor Sir G Auckland and a lessee of

F Bowen to the Earl Maori land

Granville enclosing

152


January 2009


an account ofMr

Firth's visit to the

King Party in June

1869 (reprinted from

The Southern Cross

newspaper)

NZ17 1883[c.3689] 50-51 GovemorWFD Notes the 1882 Amnesty 19 Febmary

Jervois to the Right Act, permission for Te 1883

Hon. The Earl of Whiti and Tohu to return

Derby fi-om exile and the

decision of government

to reopen the port of

Kawhia (because it was

the only 'good harbour of

the west coast of the

North Island'

NZ17 1 883[c.3689] 51 reprinting NZ reprinting NZ Gazette 13 February

Gazette notice notice proclaiming 1883

proclaiming amnesty amnesty under The

under The Amnesty Amnesty Act 1882,

Act 1882, (dated 13 (dated 13 Feb 1883) on

Feb 1883) of the planks of the Rohe

Potae agreement so good

to have a copy.

NZ17 1883[ c.3689] 61-68 GovernorWFD There is some discussion 24 March

Jervois to the Right in the enclosed 1883

Hon. The Earl of documents regarding

Derby (+ enclosures) exploratory surveys for

the proposed main trunk

153


January 2009


line as well as material

on the re-opening of

Kawhia Harbour. The

reports enclosed are from

John Bryce, Native

Minister and from

Frederick Whitaker.

NZ17 1883 [c.3689) 76-81 Hon. F Whitaker, AlTest ofTe Mahuki at 27 March

Premier and Alexandra [for the 1883

Attomey General to kidnapping of the

the Right Hon. The Surveyor Hursthouse) in

Earl of Derby (+ March 1883 - enclosed

enclosures) are reprinted newspaper

accounts of the incident

New Zealand Herald, 27

March 1883

NZ17 1883[c.3689) 81-88 GovemorWFD Enclosing newspaper 23 April

Jervois to the Right accounts of Bryce's 1883

Hon. The Earl of joumey through the King

Derby Country from Alexandra

to New Plymouth in the

company of Hurst house

New Zealand Herald and

Daily Southern Cross, 8,

20,21,23 April 1883

NZ17 1884-85[ c.4413) 1-31 Native Affairs - Set of documents relating 12 October

COlTespondence to Tawhaio's petition to 1883 - 20

relating to a Queen Victoria May 1885

memorial from

154


January 2009


certain Maori Chiefs

1884-85[c.4413]

Vol. LIV

NZ17 1884-85 [c.4492] 1-43 Native Affairs - further documents 11 April to

Further relating to Tawhaio's 23 June 1885

cOlTespondence petition to Queen

relating to the Victoria

memorial 1884-

85[ c.4492] Vol. LIV

NZ17 1886(11 0) 1-5 Further further documents 16 Dec 1885

c011'espondence relating to Tawhaio's and 2 Feb

together with a petition to Queen 1886

translation of a letter Victoria

from ChiefTawhaio

to the Governor,

1886(11) Vol. XLVI

Archives and mannscripts

Land information New Zea[mld (LINZ), H(tmilton


Maori Historicial Records SA 13112 originals 1) Typed schedule "Waikato Maniapoto

2157

155

Maori Land Court Survey Liens incUlTed

before 1916"

2) Outstanding survey liens and

compromised charges in the Aotea Maori

Land Court District (contents not

photographed)


January 2009

Hamilton Maori Land COllrt (records Iteld offsite)

Box No. File No. Title Start date

54 List showing the local news of blocks no date

in the Waikato Maniapoto District &

Taranaki Land District

72 Certificate of titles Auckland 13 Nos 03/0111867

1-11

77 Memorial of Ownerships Waikato Vol 26/0111877

1 folios 1-27

75 Memorials of Ownerships Vol 5 folios 1lI01l1878

447-499

75 Cel1ificate of Titles Waikato Nos 80- 14/0211883

158

74 Cel1ificates of Title 5A Nos 196-385 18/02/1870

68 Cel1ificate of titles Waikato 8 folios 1- 18/0111866

107

68 Cel1ificate of titles Taranaki Nos 1-5 23/0611882

8110 Miscellaneous Applications 08/0911897

Xerox Box 4 MUOl11 Rohe Potae

Box 9 Special Valuations 10/0311880

Alexander TlIl'llbllll Librmy, Wellington

Reference Title

MS-Papers-5059-16 J C Firth - Correspondence

MS-Papers-0032-0033 Native Minister [Donald McLean 1 -Meetings with

Waikato chiefs and final pacification of the King

Countly

MS-Papers-1377 Maniapoto, Rewi Manga ca 1815-1894 -letter

MS-Papers-0189-B022 H T Whatahoro Jury - Maori King movement

156

Close date

no date

29/03/1869

18/02/1881

29/07/1878

0711111884

03/0211872

09/0211884

28/0611886

611111959

27/0411982

Date

1865-1874

1869-1875

16 Jan 1879

1859,1872


January 2009

Reference Title Date

MS-Papers-0032-0194 Inward letters to Donald McLean from Robert S Bush 1870-1876

MS-Papers-0879

MS-Papers-0025

MS-1826

82-355-0111

82-355-05/1

82-355-08/1

77-248-06/2

77-248-06/4

82-355-0112

82-355-0113

82-355-03/3

[96 letters written between 1870-1876 from

Ohinemuri, Auckland, Ngamawahia, Raglan. In

includes letter in Maori from Hone Te One ofKawhia

re meeting the Maori King in Kawhia, 1873]

Searancke, William Nicholas, COll'espondence

[Chiefly correspondence relating to Searancke's

position as Resident Magistrate in the Waikato]

1847-1887

John Balance, Papers 1875 - 1898

Rolleston, Elizabeth Mmy 1845-1940, Diary recording 1883

joumey with her hnsband, daughter and the Hon J

Bryce, through the King Country, Bay ofIslands and

Rotoma Feb-Mm·ch 1883

William Rolleston, COlTespondence [includes letters 1883-1884

from John Bryce]

William Rolleston, COlTespondence Apri 1883 1883

[includes letters from John Bryce]

William Rolleston, COlTespondence Jan-March 1884 1884


William Rolleston, C01l'espondence Jan-Sept 1883 1883

[includes letters from John Blyce]

William Rolleston, COlTespondence 1884 [includes 1884

letters from John Bryce]

William Rolleston, Correspondence Feb 1883 1883


William Rolleston, Correspondence Mar 1883 1883


William Rolleston, Correspondence 1882-1889 1882-1889


157

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOli on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

Reference

82-355-0612

82-355-07/2

82-355-07/3

82-355-08/2

MS-Papers-0039-12

MS-Papers-0072-07

Title

William Rolleston, COll'espondence and papers


William Rolleston, Correspondence Nov 1883


William Rolleston, COll'espondence Dec 1883


William Rolleston, Correspondence Mar-May 1884


Evidence of H Poutama in Rohe Potae land case,

Otorohanga [Evidence given in Native Land Comi in

the Rohe Potae case. Contains information about

Maori occupation of the King Country, including lists

of Pa, wahitapu, mahinga kai and battles in the area;

contains information about the election ofthe Maori

King and the New Zealand Wars]

Elsdon Best, Inward letters and miscellaneous papers

Date

1883

1883

1883

1884

1886

1852,1911 -

in Maori [Includes an account of a meeting between 1930

Tawhaio and John Balance in the early 1880s. May

also be Maori letters relevant to the King Country]

MS-Papers-0196-38717 George Eric Oakes Ramsden - Kingitanga papers

[Contains papers about the Kingitanga and the Tariao

cult, explaining the origin, theology and activities of

the cult, and the place of King Tawhiao in the belief

system; also contains correspondence to and from the

Kingitanga in the 1880s with regard to Maori political

representation, Maori sovereignty, land issues, pardons

for Te Kooti Arikirangi and others and the relationship

between the Kingitanga and the Government etc]

MS-Papers-2965 Te Wherowhero, Tawhiao Matutaera Potatau, 1825-

158

1860-1929

1884-1885


January 2009

Reference

MS-Papers-O 196-406

Title

1894. Material relating to visit to Great Britain

George Eric Oakes Ramsden - Kingitanga papers

[Also contains copies ofletters fi'om King Tawhiao to

various politicians waming them not to heed the land

claims of various people with regard to the Poutama

block near Mokau, because he controlled the land]

MS-Papers-0196-387!8 George Eric Oakes Ramsden - Kingitanga papers

fMS-Papers-O 196-

341B

MSX-4741

MSX-4742

[Statements of submission of land etc to the mana of

King Tawhiao by various hapu, with lists of names of

hapu members (including some signatures), with

boundaries ofland. Correspondence re survey, road

making and land issues, opinions and information re

Kingitanga petition to the British Govemment]

George Eric Oakes Ramsden - Kingitanga papers

[Contains copies of speeches by King Tawhiao and

others, on the occasion of the laying down of arms in

1881, together with a narrative account of this and

related events. Also contains copies of letters from

King Tawhiao to various politicians waming them not

to heed the land claims of various people with regard

to the Poutama block near Mokau, because he

controlled the land, and other material]

William Hemy Grace - Diary [Diary kept by W H

Grace mostly recording matters relating to land and

especially noting letters written and includes noting the

letters he wrote for Rewi Maniapoto]

William Hemy Grace - Diary [Diary kept by W H

Grace mostly recording matters relating to land, Native

Land Court hearings; a few personal notes. Particularly

159

Date

1881-1882

1886-1893

1860-1895

1882

1884


January 2009

Reference

qMS-0549

qMS-0548

qMS-0547

Title

describes negotiations involving Rewi Maniapoto]

Corkill, Thomas Eustace, 1861 - 1934, Through the

King Country on tramp, 1886

Corkill, Thomas Eustace, 1861 - 1934, More

Wanderings in King Country, 1887

Date

1886

1887

Corkill, Thomas Eustace, 1861 - 1934, Billy and me in 1888

hot water, 1888 (More wanderings through the King

Country with illustrations and maps)

MS-Papers-5059-16 J C Firth - Correspondence [includes corespondences 1865-1874

with King Country chiefs re land etc]

MS-Papers-0032-0863 Inward cOll'espondence [to Donald McLean]- Rho to 1871-1895

Ruf [includes letter(s) from Rogan to McLean]

MS-Papers-0032-0883 Outward cOlTespondence [from Donald McLean]- N - 1876 - 1894

R [includes letter(s) from McLean to Rogan]

MSY-5008

77-248-05/1

77-248-03/3

77-248-04/3

Maori Committee (Waikato) - Papers [OlTllsby family 1884-1950s

- Contains a variety of materials on; an 1884 meeting

in Alexandra (Pirongia) on the establishment of a

Maori committee to handle issues affecting the locals

such as land issues of the time; minutes of a further

meeting held in Te Kopua in 1885]

William, Rolleston - cOlTespondence - [includes

cOlTespondence from George Willkinson (most are

likely to be telegrams)]


cOlTespondence from George Willkinson (most are



correspondence from George Willkinson (most are


160

8-12 Oct 1881

Mar-May 1881

1-7 Oct 1881


January 2009

Reference

MS-Papers-6144-2

MSX-5787

MSY-6581

MS-Papers-7270-3

MS-Group-0937

MSY-4506 (use MS

Copy-Micro-0817)

Title

Background papers re W H Grace [Comprises

photocopies of clippings from the 'Waikato times' re

W H Grace, with index cards (1878-1882); letter from

W H Grace to Native Minister complaining about the

loss of his appointment as Government Native Agent,

Upper Waikato District (2 Feb 1880); and letter from

Prof E Stokes accompanying collection and describing

each item, its provenance and history (7 Oct 1997)]

[W H Grace] Letter book re land claims [Contains .

carbon copies of letters]

Date

1878-1997

1886-1887

Rohe potae case [Contains claimants accounts around 1886

disputed, confiscated lands in the King Country or

rohe potae area RESTRICTED]

[Grace family] Papers relating to the Maori Land

Settlement Act 1905 [Kooti Whenua Moari ki Mokau,

25 0 nga ra 0 Aperira, 1889 notice; and file,

Govemment valuations, the Maori Land Settlement

Act 1905, land suitable for settlement in the Auckland

Land District]

1888,1906

Ormsby family papers [Material relating to Maori land 1880-1984

issues in King Country and Kawhia region in 1884 and

1897, minutes of land court proceedings and misc

material]

William Henry Grace - Letter book [Letter book ofW 1880-1892

H Grace (1880-1892) relating to business and Maori

land matters, domestic items and accounts paid or due

and include letters to Joshua Jones. Also letters in

Maori including to Paraihe, Te Mete and others from

Rewi Maniapoto.

161


January 2009

Reference

MS-Papers-7270-2

fMS-Papers-7270

MSX-5788

85-173-5/6

MS-Papers-3391

qMS-0119

MS-Papers-O 190-07

MS-Papers-7270-1

MSX-5789

MS-Papers-7270-4

MS-Papers-7270-5

Title

[Grace family] Correspondence [Inward letters to

various people, some in Maori, some photocopies]

[Grace family] Various papers [Certificate of title,

return of income for William H Grace, agreement, land

deed etc]

Ballance letterbook

Date

1881-1919

1880-1994

May 1 892-Apr

1893

[Grace family] Volume re land claims 1892

Babbage, Alfred Whitemore, l872? - 1957 - Dairy ofa Oct-Nov 1899

journey from Waitara to Auckland including several

days at Kawhia, October-November 1899

[John] Ballance - Letter book

H W Williams - Inward correspondence [includes

correspondenGe from George Wilkinson]

[Grace family] Papers relating to land and whakapapa

[Notes on Omuwhero No 3, Otorohanga and Tokanui

blocks; whakapapa; and agreement, Fred Mace,

Pepene Eketone and William Hemy Grace relating to

procuration ofthe surveyor surveys of Rangitoto A

Block subdivisions for W Harrison]

[Grace family] Volume re land claims [Contains

minutes from land court proceedings]

[Grace family] Telegram book [Copies oftelegrams

sent by W H Grace]

[Grace family] William Grace - Diary [Photocopy of

diary, kept by William Grace, recounting his work,

health, activities, particularly in relation to land

matters]

162

Feb 1891-May

1892

rca 1890s]-1908

1890-1910

1902

14 May-24 Jul

1907

1906


January 2009

Reference

78-184-3

MS-Papers-6605-7

fMS-Papers-6831-2

MS-Papers-6889-2

MSY-5005

MS-Papers-O 189-168

Title Date

[Grace, Puatata Alfi·ed] W H Grace - Personal diary 1904

[Thomas Willam Fisher] Business correspondence and 1910-1916

papers (c) [includes letters by Pepene Eketone with

translations re Mokau lands]

[Alexander Francis McDonnell] Memoranda of leases 1900-1920

and other legal documents [Leases and transfers

mostly of land in the Kawhia region:

Takahangapounamu Elk 4C, Kawhia, Hauturu West

No.2, Pirongia, application for patiition, Te Awai 2C,

by Merea Wikiriwhi]

[Olmsby family] Miscellaneous Maori material

[Contains a wide range of materials including the

ratified minutes of a meeting held in Tokaanu in 1909

which have been annotated with the name Mahuta K.

Tawhiao which describe land issues affecting Ngati

Tuwharetoa and the greater Maori population and

other issues like bird reserves; also contains the pay

rates for land surveyors in 1880 and other material]

[Ormsby family] Maori Development Hui 1911

(Original) - Papers [Contains manuscript minutes

notes of the Maori development hui (1911) which was

hosted by Ngati Maniapoto in Te Kuiti and which was

attended by people like Sir Apirana Ngata and Peter

Buck and which addressed issues such as the future

development of the Maori people and Maori culture

and the impact oflaw and religion]

News clippings conceming the Mokau lands case

[Contains clippings about Maori land at Mokau,

Taranaki. RESTRICTED - No extensive

163

1880-1984

1911

1911


January 2009

Reference Title

photocopying or publication without pennission of

NZMPFB]

Date

Auckland War Memorial Museum Libra/Y, Auckland

Reference

N/A

MS 187

MS613

Title

Mace, Frederick George, 1849 - 1921 - field diary

[Deals with Minor Triangulation etc in the Kawhia

District 1889-1893" (label on cover of diary)]

MAIR, William Gilbert, 1832-1912 - Dairies [Original

diaries 1876-1912, except 1877, 36 volumes in 4

boxes]

Wilkinson, George T - Papers [Include 2 notebooks, 1

waiata book, 1 scrapbook, newpaper cuttings, letters,

papers, and maps. All material relates to Maori Land]

Date

1889-1893

1876-1912

unclear

Hamilton City Libra/J', Hamilton

Reference

WHSMS21

WHSMSI

MS0018

Title Date

McNicol, Archibald - MEMORANDUM OF LEASE: No date

Arapeta Te Rangituataka et al. to Archibald McNicol

SEARANCKE, William Nicholas, 1819-1904 - papers 1856-1904,

[Box 1: correspondence 1856-1883; 1880 diary. Box 1937

2: correspondence 1886-1904; 1884 diary; electoral

roll for the district ofWaikato 27/6/84]

WITHERS, E. S. - correspondence [Records,

correspondence from E.S. Withers to Messrs Hosking,

Corbett & Mossman re block of land at Kaipiha,

includes map [photocopy]

164

1886


January 2009

Otorohallga Historical Society Courthouse Museum, Otorohallga

Title and contents

MAORI COUNCIL: MAORI RECORD BOOKS Box (1492) [Three A4·size

hard·bound books saved from a fire at the OlIDSby house, Otorohanga]

Letterbook, John OlIDSby [Correspondence from John Ormsby (Hone Omipi)

writing as chairman of the Kawhia District Committee. English and Maori. Very

fragile condition]

Date

No date

1884·1905

Mace, Frederick George, 1849 -1921 - diary [includes Diary, 5 November 1899 1878; 1902·

-17 Febmary 1902, original, 2·5 line daily entries, 50 pp] 1921

LEASES LAND Folder - [Contains original leases of some 10 Maori land no date

blocks]

ORMSBY HOUSE Box - [Papers, cOl1"espondence, including deeds of lease of 1909

Kinohaku West K Sec 1 block, 1909; notes re Hemara Kaingapipi appeal [fire

damaged]

WILKINSON Box· Notebook, dated 21/3/1889 (Photocopy, original in private 1889

ownership). Notes on various topics, including land dealings, such as block

names, acreages, No. of owners, no. of shares etc]

WILKINSON Box - [Diary, dated 1/1/1891 (Photocopy, original in private 1891

ownership). Notes on various topics, not daily entries as such]

Pukeariki, New Plymouth

Reference Title

ARC2001·1 MOKAU Harbour Board - records [The Mokau

Harbour Board was formed in December 1900. The

165

Date

1901·1936

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOlt on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

Reference

ARC2001-153,

ARC2001-425

ARC2001-491

ARC2002-172

Title Date

records consist of a minute book, 1901-36, of monthly

committee meetings of the board, and two ledgers,

1901-21, detailing cargoes into and out ofMokau

Harbour]

Unknown - diary - assisted in survey of North Island 1870-1893

Main Trunk Railway

ATKINS, Fred- Deed [A memorandum of agreement 1884

regarding a gold mining partnership between Fred

Atkins of Taranaki, Alexander Gilmour ofWaitara and

Hemy Phillips ofMokau. Dated 18 February 1884 and

witnessed by Thomas Finch]

SMITH, Edward Metcalf, 1839-1907 - papers [Smith

was interested in the region's mineral development,

specifically the mining of coal and limestone deposits

in the Mokau district and the utilisation of iron sand

deposits. The papers consist of various repOlts, letters,

pelmits, articles, and booklets relating to the iron and

steel industry and developments due to Smith's

involvement. There are also papers peltaining to

mineral deposits in which Smith held an interest.

LANDS & SURVEY, Department of, New Plymouth

- records ["Mokau River Harbour and Waterway", file

closed 1 June 1901. Includes plans, 1884-1896, of

Mokau river, river entrance, native reserves, signal

station; conespondence, 1886-1901 regarding river

"snagging", site of flagstaff etc. Mokau Coal fields,

file closed 7 May 1901. Contains plans, such as "Land

on NOlth Bank of Mokau River leased from Natives",

1899; and cOlTespondence regarding Te Kauri Native

166

1870-1965

1884-1901


January 2009

Reference

ARC2003-857

ARC2005-343

Title

Reserve; bridle track up Mokau river, and roads in

Awakino]

STOCKMAN, George - Deed [An agreement for the

sale and purchase of coal delivered at the Mokau River

between George Stockman and Te Huia, Te Rira,Te

Hapa, Te Aira, Mareikuia and others, dated February

1885]

STOCKMAN, George - Deed [Copy, dated 15 June

1887, of a memorandum of agreement between the

aboriginal natives of New Zealand and George

Stockman of Tikorangi for access to lands on the

northem side of the River Mokau for the prospecting

and mining of minerals, dated 7 December 1881]

Date

1885

1881

Te Awamlltu Museum, Te Awamutll

Reference

ARC2140

ARC 2142

ARC2143

Title

NORTHCROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923-

cOlTespondence [W. Searancke to Native Minister

Donald McLean regarding murder of Richard Todd,

surveyor, dated 29 November 1870]

Date

1870

NORTHCROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923 - papers 1875

[Document, newspaper clippings: Charge against

NOlihcroft of entering into communication with Maori

beyond the settled districts, while in charge ofthe

Kihikihi station, for the purpose of gaining pelmission

to travel from Waikato to Taranaki, 1875]

NORTHCROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923 - c.1875

cOlTespondence [N Olihcroft to Gudgeon, an account of

joumey through Mokau to Taranaki]

167


January 2009

Reference

ARC2144

ARC2146

ARC2151

ARC2154

ARC2163

TEMP 120

Title


cOlTespondence [letters from Donald McLean, 1871]


conespondence [Conespondence: Letters (and

translations) from Patoromu Tamatea to Northcroft,

1878-1881]

NORTHCROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923 - diary

[27 July 1883 - 25 December 1883, short daily entries,

based in Te Awamutu]

NORTHCROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923 - papers

[Register, Native Trust Commission, December 1889-

August 1893, 18pp Relates to North Island land

transfers]

NORTH CROFT, Hemy William, 1844-1923 - papers

[Enquiry book: Trust Commison, and papers, 1892-

1894]

SWARBRICK, Hemy Augustus, 1889-1974-

correspondence [Rev. John Morgan's letters to Gore

Browne, 1861-1865. Two volumes of typescript letters

prepared fi'om microfilm (original at Archives NZ,

Wellington)]

Te KI/ili amI District Historical Society, Te KI/iti

Date

1871

1878-188'1

1883

1889-1893

1892-1894

1861-1865


Misc file item 0807 Letters related to Maori land dispute near Waitomo in 1906

1906

Ulliversity of Auckland Library, Aucklalld


168


January 2009

Reference

MSS & Archives A-31

Title

MAIR, William Gilbert, 1832-1912 - papers

[Includes transcripts of his diaries for 1876, 1878-

1904 (originals in the Auckland Institute and

Museum Library); letter and telegram book, 1871-

1875; thirteen volumes of evidence in the land courts,

1883-91; account book containing the return offees,

1882-1891.

MSS and Archives C-15 Te Rangituatahi Te Kanawa Manuscipts, 18807-

19307 Volume 3: a historical record of the King

Country, Waikato district, late 19th centmy, written

by Tuheka Retet

MSS & Archives C-36 BIGGS, Bruce, 1921- Rohe Potae transcript [A

transcript of portions ofvols. 6 and 7 ofW.G. Mair's

Native Land Comt Notebooks, 1883-91, concerning

the Rohe Potae case, a contest for ownership of a

block ofland in the King Country by five tribes. The

hearings were conducted in Otorohanga and were

notable for their orderly proceedings. Judge Mair was

commended for his handling ofthe case. Professor

Biggs has "attempted some analysis, by hyphenation,

of many of the place-names" and has also "used

double-vowel orthography to indicate long vowels".

University of Waikato Library, Hamilton

Reference

N/A

N/A

Title and contents

ORMSBY Family Papers - Kawhia Native Committee

Minutes; record of speeches at tribal hui; notes on Native

Land Court hearings, etc. [Maori and English 1 JONES, Pei Te Rurinui Collection [Large collection with

169

Date

1871-1904

1880-1930

1883

Date

1884-1914

1886-1887


January 2009

NlA

NZC Archives

No.6

useful items in te reo Maori. Items of interests to my report

in English: (a) 3AlOll Native Land Court notes ofW.G.

Mail' 1886 (b) 3C2/3 War in Waikato - 1864 includes A

typescript letter from George Graham to Tawhiao, Nopera,

Rewi and all Maniapoto, undated, concerning settlement

between Europeans and Maori") (c) 3L III Hata

notebook 1887 (exercise book, manuscript, 44 pp 'the first

book ofNgati Tuwharetoa occupation of Taupo-nui-a-tia,

the account ofNgati Tuwharetoa na11'ated by Hoeta Te

Hata and recorded by Rev. Fletcher in 1887')

WILKINSON, George Thomas - Dairies

GRACE, WILLIAM HENRY - Diaries, land documents,

letters, telegram book [He was involved in land purchase

operations in the Waikato, King Country, Rotorua & Taupo

districts, and regularly appeared as an interpreter in the

Native Land COUli. His wife was Makere (Makereti)

Hinewai ofNgati Maniapoto. Diaries held: 1882, 1884,

1906; Telegram book: 14 May -24 July 1907 [NRAM]

Bound Letterbook 1886-1887; Unbound copied half page

size letters selected for historical interest by J. Gabriel

Elliot, copied by hand, covering dates 1880, 1882-85, 1892

and dairies for 1882 and 1884


Depmiment of Lands and Survey, Head Office (AADS)

Agency Accession Box/item Record

AADS W3740 F281 841

170

Description

Auckland Land District: Rural

lands for Lease in Perpetuity in

1881, 1904 and

1906

1880-1919

Dates

1906 - 1906


Januaty 2009

Pirongia Survey Districts,

Waitomo County

New Zealand Govemment Railways, General Manager's Office (AAEB)

Agency Accession Box/item Record Description

AAEB W3438 22/3342 Railway Depatlment paying

capital value for land

reserved for Railway

purposes and instlUction that

when Department sells land

full value to be obtained for

same

AAEB W3439 17521 Leasing and Disposal of

Railway Land

AAEB W3734 I to 28 [Railways Dept] Registers of

Inward Correspondence

Tranz Rail Limited, Corporate Office (AAJM)

Agency Series Accession Record Description

AAJM 7690 W5022 SI WR [Working Railway] Plans

AAJM 7696 W5022 1 New Zealand Railways - Land

Purchase Diagrams - North Island

Railways Corporations (AAOB)

Agency Accession Box/item

AAQB W4073 13

Record Description

19/578 Railways - North Island

Main TlUnk - Rochefort's

171

Dates

1896-1973

1897-1978

1898-1932

Dates

1880-1929

no date - no date

Dates

1946-1980


January 2009

Survey and GP Williams

Survey

New Zealand Railways Corporation, Corporate Services, Head Office (AA VK)

Agency Accession Box/item Record Description Dates

AAVK W3439 13 17521 Leasing and Disposal of Railway 1897-1978

Land

New Zealand Railways COllloration, Lower Hutt Office (ABIN)

Agency Accession Record Description Dates

ABIN W3337 149 Historical Files Collated by NZR Staff- no date - no date .

NZR Reports ~ Sawmills and Bush Areas,

Stores Branch

ABIN W3337 202 The Exploration and Survey of the North 1955-1956

Island Main Trunk Railway - Extract from

The Engineers and Assistants Yeat'book

ABIN W3337 225 Early Railway 1876-1909

Land InfOlmation New Zealand, National Office (ABWN)

Agency Series Acc Box/item Record Pt Description Dates

ABWN 8084 W5272 95 1 General Index - 1877 - c.1879

Department of Lands

[1-1900]

ABWN 8090 W5274 180 to 183 Crown Grants 1865 - 1910

Registers - Auckland

ABWN 8102 W5279 18 Crown Purchase 1872 - 1879

Deeds - Auckland

172


January 2009


[AUC 1420 - 1499]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1060 - 1139]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1140 - 1219]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 928 - 963]

ABWN 8102 W5279 12 Crown Purchase . 1877 - 1879

Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 981 - 1059]

ABWN 8102 W5279 17 Crown Purchase 1876-1882

Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1341 - 1419]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1261 - 1339]

ABWN 8102 W5279 19 Crown Purchase 1879-1886

Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1500 - 1599]

ABWN 8115 W5280 129 1 Proclamation 1874-1880

Register (Railways

Purposes)


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1740 - 1819]

ABWN 8771 W5280 45 400.2 North Island 1878 - 1898

173


January 2009


Register of Reserves

1878-1898


Register (Railways

Purposes)

ABWN 8083 W5272 93 6.15 Surveyor-General's 1883 - 1883

Depatiment

Outwards

Letterbooks -

Miscellaneous

ABWN 8083 W5272 94 6.17 Surveyor-General's 1884 - 1884

Depatiment

Outwards

Letterbooks -

Miscellaneous


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1660 - 1739]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1600 - 1659]

ABWN 8084 W5272 97 3 General Index - 1883 - 1891

Depatiment of Lands

[7800-14000]


Register (Railways

Purposes)


Depaliment of Lands

174


January 2009


[14000-20000]


Depm1ment of Lands

[20000-40000]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1820 - 1879]

ABWN· 8102 W5279 28 Crown Purchase 1893 - 1897

Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 2001 - 2039]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1880 - 1939]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1940 - 1960]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1961 - 1983]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 1984 - 1999]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 2040 - 2079]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 2080 - 3039]


175


January 2009


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3040 - 3079]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3080 - 3119]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3120 - 3176]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3185 - 3191]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3192 - 3219]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3220 - 3279]

ABWN 8916 W5278 47 Registers of 1890 - 1890

Authorised Native

Survey

ABWN 8084 W5272 100 6 General Index - 1898 - c.1905

Depmiment of Lands

[40000-50000]

ABWN 8115 W5280 165 1 Register oflands 1890-1901

Acquired for

Railway purposes

ABWN 8771 W5280 47 400.4 Register of Reserves 1898 - 1937

1898-1937

ABWN 8880 W5280 23 122.1 1 Auckland Land 1894 - 1903

176


January 2009


District - Leases [2-

150]

ABWN 8880 W5280 24 122.1 2 Auckland Land 1898 - 1902

District - Leases

[151-275]

ABWN 8897 W5280 66 501.1 Register of 1891 - 1910

Applications for

Unsurveyed Land -

Lands and Survey,

Wellington

ABWN 8915 W5278 86 Native Block 1894 - no

Register date

ABWN 8916 W5278 48 212.4 Registers of 1890 - 1903

Authorised Native

Survey

ABWN 8917 W5278 55 216.4 Native Land 1898 - 1911

Purchase J oumal


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3280 - 3339]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3340 - 3420]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3421 - 3490]


Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3491 - 3532]

177


January 2009

Agency Series Acc Box/item Record Pt Description

ABWN 8102 W5279 41 Crown Purchase

Deeds - Auckland

[AUC 3535 - 3626]


Deeds - Aucklaod

[AUC 4229 - 4263]


Deeds - Aucklaod

[AUC 3724 - 3810]

ABWN 8115 W5280 166 2 Register of lands

Acquired for

Railway purposes

ABWN 8916 W5278 49 213.1 Maori Land Survey

Register

ABWN 8110 W5280 128 Index to Sale Plans

ABWN 8928 W5278 85 229.5 Index to Restrictions

Removed

ABWN 8928 W5278 85 229.6 Register of

Restrictions

Removed

Registrar of Companies, Wellington (CO-W)

Agency Series Acc

CO-W W3445

Box/item Record Alt No. Description

515

178

1939/179 Tokanui

Timber

Company Ltd

Dates

1903 - no

date

1906-1920

1909-no

date

1901-1919

1910 - 1913

no date

c.1848 -

c.l906

1848 - 1906

Dates

no date


January 2009

Governor (G)

Agency Series Box/item Description Dates

G 36 5 [Governor] Miscellaneous 14 February 1868 - 11 June 1873, 3

G 36 6

Legislative DeQartment (LE}

Agency Series Box/item

LE 1

LE 1 59

LE 1 65

LE 1 107

outwards correspondence December 1874 - 11 January 1883

[Governor] Miscellaneous 20 January 1883 - 4 June 1889

outwards correspondence

Record Alt Description Dates

No.

18681129 Maori Runanga ofNgati 1868

Raukawa

1868/153 64 Accounts and Papers - 1868

Schedule of Accounts and

Papers laid upon the table -

Waikato Districts, Report

from Mr MacKay on the State

of the

18691134 73 Accounts and Papers - 1869


Papers laid upon the table -

Native Affairs, RepOli by Mr

Fitih of his visit to the King

Party and his interview with

Tamati Ngapora [reprinted in

AJHR 1869, A-12, also see

BPP?]

1874/119 106 Accounts and Papers - 1874 - 1874


179


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record AU Descl"iption Dates

No.

papers laid upon the table -

Native Land Act, 1873,

reports by Judges of the

Native Lands Comi on the

working of the

LE 1 147 1878/149 65 Accounts and Papers - 1878 - 1878



Native Affairs, Rewi

Maniapoto, extract fOl1n

telegram containing message

from

LE 1 147 1878/150 99 Accounts and Papers - 1878 - 1878



Native Affairs, Rewi

Maniapoto, letter of, in

reference to a speech made by

Honourable Mr Fox

LE 1 212 1883/150 99 Accounts and Papers - Native 1883 - 1883

Affairs, native land comi,

constitution and practice of

the

LE 1 18861136 Native meeting at Taupo 1886


Affairs, Alexandra and the

Mokau River, investigation of

title and survey of block of

180


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Ait Description Dates

No.

land between

.LE I 288 1889/152 24 Accounts and Papers - Native 1889-1889

Affairs, repOlis from officers

in native districts

LE I 311 18911152 207 Accounts and Papers - Native 1891 - 1891

Affairs, native land couti,

work performed by the judges

in the NOlih Island during the

year ending 31 July 1890


Affairs, native land court,

rules and regulations of

LE 1 345 1896/147 202 Accounts and Papers - Native no date

Affairs, liN ative Land Court

Act, 1894", additional rules

and regulations of the native

land coutis

Depatiment of Lands and Survey, Head Office (LS)

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Description Dates

LS 1 34/244 Land Development Schemes - 1888 - 1959

Proposed committee to

consider deterioration,

roading and settlement of

lands south of Kawhia

Harbour

LS 1 1299 22668 Miscellaneous Reserves 1895 no date

181


January 2009


to 1899 inc. [inclusive]

LS 1 1339 28752/6 Surveyors' Charges no date

LS 1 1339 29950/1 W Hohepa, Te Kuiti - Survey no date

Charges

LS 1 1342 3644112 C W Hursthouse, Te Kuiti - no date

Expenses

LS 1 1342 39269 J McLelland, Auckland - 1898 - 1906

Petition re Survey Charges

LS 8 1 to 6 Outward circulars of the 1876-1907

Surveyor-General and

Depatiment of Lands and

Survey

LS 9 1 Outward Circulars of 1882 - 1890

Secretary for Crown Land,

Mat'ch 1882 - November

1890

LS 9 2 Index to Circulars of no date

Secretary for Crown Land

LS 10 1 to 10 Surveyor-General's outward 1864 - 1904

reference books

LS 13 1 1 Surveys authorised under the 1881 - 1883

Native Land Act 1880,

Febmary 1881 - September

1883

LS 13 2 2 Surveys authorised under the 1883 - 1890

Native Land Act 1880,

September 1883 - March

1890

LS 27 1 [Lands & Survey Dept] 1882 - 1912

182


January 2009


Record book of papers

presented [to Parliament],

May 1882 - November 1912

LS 48 7 List of Authorised Surveyors, 1896 - 1896

June 1896

LS 48 7 Alphabetical list of authorised no date

surveyors

LS 48 7 Rough index of surveyors no date

Marine DeQartment (M)


M 1 3/3/110 Buoys and beacons - Harbours - 1897 - 1960

Buoys and beacons - Kawhia and

Raglan Harbour entrance

M 1 3/3/122 Buoys and beacons - Kawhia Harbour 1901 - 1954

- Leading beacons

M 1 3/13/743 Miscellaneous - RepOlis on New 1878 - 1946

Zealand harbours by Sir John Coode

1878-1880 - Letters and photocopies

of printed repOlis and plans- File

compiled - 1878-1880, 1945-1946

M 2 [Marine Dept] Registers ofInward 1870-1913

letters

M 3 [Marine Dept] Index of 1870-1913

correspondence

M 5 1 [Marine Dept] Entry book of minutes 1870~ 1887

noted on correspondence referred from

other depatiments 16 July 1870 - 18

183

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, seoping report on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centmy land issues,

January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Description

M 5 2

DeQartment of Maori Affairs (MAl

Mat'ch 1887

[Marine Dept] Register of

correspondence from other

departments referred to the Marine

Depatiment for comment and returned

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt AU Description

No.

MA 1 109 5/13/20 Petition No.207/32 ofTimi

Piripi and other for enquiry

regarding Te Mata

Takapaunui Ohiapopoko

and Te Uku reserved fi'om

sale ofWhaingaroa Block

and exchange ofTe Uku for

Kario Block [MAYBE

RESTRICTED]

MA 4 104 to 120 [Maori Affairs Dept]

General Letterbook in

English and Maori

MA 5 1 to 20 [Maori Affairs Dept]

Outwards Telegrams

MA 6 1 [Maori Affairs Dept]

Outwards circulars -

Includes index - 15 January

1867 - 24 December 1884

MA 11 3 Papers relative to the

184

Dates

1907 - 1913

Dates

1893 - 1948

1906-1910

1869-1886

1867 - 1884

1883 - 1891


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Alt

No.

Description

Commission on the removal

of restrictions on the sale of

Native lands. Registered

files 1883-1891, including

the following items: (1)

Second report of the

Commissioner (printed); (2)

Memorandum of Julius

Vogel on Barton report,

November 1886; (3)

Memorandum of Barton

upon the repol1 of the

Native Affairs Committee

on the petition of Creagh

and Friedlander, September

1886; (4) Report of the

Native Affairs Committee

on the petition of Hugo

Friedlander and another; (5)

Petition of Friedlander and

Creagh; (6) Evidence and

proceedings; (7)

Correspondence to and from

the Commissioner. Also

printed copy ofthe report

[special file 9] AJHR Vol.

III, G-II, GIlA, 1886

MA 11 4 Commission appointed

185

Dates

1890 - 1891

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOlt on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth centmy land issues,

January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Alt Description Dates

No.

under the "Native Land

Courts Acts Amendment

Act 1889" General files of

the Native Office

containing: (I) Papers of the

Commission; (2) Papers

relating to the appointment

ofMr WB Edwards

(printed); (3) Minutes of

Evidence of Attorney-

General v. WB Edwards in

the Court of Appeal

(printed); (4) RepOli of the

Commissioners (printed).

[Special file No.8] AJHR

Sess II, H-13, H-3A, 1891

MA 12 6 I Waikato - [Volumes no date

containing printed forms

showing briefly the title to

Maori lands, the Act under

which the grant had been

made, locality, names of the

Maori grantees, date of the

grant and the restriction

placed on its alienation.

Volumes are divided

according to area]

MA 12 7 2 Waikato - [Volumes no date

186


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Alt

No.

Description

MA 12 8

MA 12 9

1

2

containing printed forms

showing briefly the title'to






placed on its alienation,

Volumes are divided

according to area]

Taranaki - [Volumes

containing printed fonns







placed on its alienation,

Volumes are divided

according to area]

Taranaki - [Volumes

Dates

no date

no date - no

containing printed forms date






187


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Ait Description Dates

No.


placed on its alienation.

Volumes are divided

MA 13 1 1 [d] Parliamentary Papers, 1903 - 1906

Special File No.90 - General

Correspondence relative to

Waikato-Maniapoto, King

Country, Kaiapoi, Mokai-

Mohakatino, A wakino

District - Reports and

Petitions to Manawatu,

Horowhenua, Opau, Kaiti,

Whakanenekeneke and

Waimarino Blocks

MA 13 4 2[n] A Reports on Native Land 1865-70

Bills, Special File No.43 -

Appendix to Colonial

Haultains repOll on the

workings of the Native Land

Act - Native Lands for Sale

in Province of Auckland

MA 13 93 Wahanui - King Country 1883 - 1885

MA 13 75 43 [a] King Country, Special File 1883 - 1885

No.61 - Correspondence,

Reports, Compensation,

Labour and Meetings

relating to N Ollh Island

Truck Railway in Maori and

188


January 2009


No.

translated

MA 13 75 43[b] King Country, Special File 1883-1884

No.61 - Conespondence,

Interviews, Reports,

Compensation relating to

North Island Truck Railway

in Maori and translated

MA 13 122 78 [a] Rohe Potae Block, Special 1886 - 1889

File No. 89 - tracing on

Paper of Otorohanga Block,

4428 Acres - Sep 323

MA 13 122 78[b] Rohe Potae Block, Special 1889 - 1890

File No.89 - Map ofInterior

of the Auckland and

Taranaki - Including the

King Country

MA 13 122 78[c] Rohe Potae Block, Special 1890 - 1890


paper of Otorohanga Block,


MA 13 122 78[d] AH Rohe Potae Block, Special 1890 - 1890




MA 13 122 78[e] Rohe Potae Block, Special 1891 - 1891




189


January 2009


No.

MA 13 122 78[fj Rohe Potae Block, Special 1891 - 1891




MA 13 122 78[g] Rohe Potae Block, Special 1898 - 1898




MA 16 4 Bundle of miscellaneous no date

deeds relating to land

MA 23 2 Te Kuiti Gathering [special 1869 -1872

file 25]

MA 23 3 Tawhiao's Papers [special 1876 - 1892

file 101]

MA 23 4 Tawhiao's Papers [special 1881 - 1891

file 100]

MA 23 5 Te Mahuki - Mokau [special 1883 - 1892

file 128]

MA 23 6 Te Mahuki - Te Kuiti no date

[special file (pati only) 28]

MA 23 13 a [Maori Affairs Dept] Native 1880 - no

Committees [special file 40] date

MA 23 13 b [Maori Affairs Dept] Native no date-

Committees [special file 40] 1890

MA 24 9 Petitions from the Native 1883 - 1912

Affairs Committee

MA 24 8 3 Petition re Rohe Potae No date

190


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt AU Description Dates

No.

MA 24 23 [Maori Affairs Dept] No date

Miscellaneous

MA 30 1 to 8 Outward letter books (inc!. 1870-1900

Travelling letter books) [of

the Native Minister]

MA 30 3 Minister of Maori Affairs: 1885

Outwards letterbook

MA 31 4 Rates on Maori lands No date

. (special file No. 138)

MA 31 5 Rates on Maori lands No date

MA 31 25 Folders of miscellaneous 1875? -

papers relative to land. 1930?

Includes: Parliamentary

papers; Notes of Sir Donald

McLean's visit to Waikato,

January 1875, to see

Tawhiao, the Maori King

MA 73 1 Native Land Laws 1891

Commission, 1891- Minutes

Books, proceedings

MA 73 3 Native Land Laws 1891

Commission, 1891-

Letterbook

MA 73 1 Minute book of Proceedings 1891

-March-May

MA 73 2 The [Rees-Carroll] 1891

Commission - 11 February

MA 73 3 Letter book of the 1891

191


January 2009

Agency Series Box/item Record Pt Alt Description

No.

MA 78

MA 78

l3a

13b

Commissions

Papers relating to the work

of the [Stout-Ngata]

Commission;

correspondence, schedules,

reports - King Country

Papers relating to the work

of the [Stout-Ngata]

Commission;


reports - King Country

Dates

no date

no date

MA 78 19 Papers relating to the work no date

Agency Accession Box/item

MA W1369 47

MA W1369 106

MA W2150 22

MA W2150 22

Record

[252]

ofthe [Stout-Ngata]

Commission;


reports - Rohe-Potae (King

Counhy)

Description

[Maori Affairs Dept] Miscellaneous

papers

[Maori Affairs Dept] Correspondence

Index - Inward

Court Application Register

[Maori Affairs Dept] Letter Register

Maori Affairs-Maori Land Purchase Office (MA-MLP)


192

Dates

1874 - 1919

1897 - 1900

1869 - 1900

1890 - 1892

Dates


January 2009


MA-MLP 1 box 39 1895/428 Purchasing from owners 1895

living in other areas

MA-MLP 1 box 41 1896/140 Maori woman - Jane 1896

Kendall of Raglan selling

MA-MLP 1 box 54 1899198 land for roadlines to 1899

Kawhia harbour

MA-MLP 2 1 1873/1- Register ofInwards 1873 - 1888

1888/302 Letters - 9 October 1873 -

28 December 1888

MA-MLP 2 1a 1867/1- Register of Inwards 1867 - 1871

18711268 Letters [to the Maori Land

Purchase Office 1 7

February 1867 -

8 August 1871

MA-MLP 2 2 1889/1-1908/1 0 [Maori Land Purchase 1889 - 1908

Office 1 Register of

Inwards Letters - 5

January 1889 - 20

November 1908

MA-MLP 2 3a 18711354- Register of Outward 1871 - 1875

1875/819 Letters [ofthe Maori Land

Purchase Office 1 10 June

1871 - 8 October 1875

MA-MLP 2 4 to 7 Nominal Index to Inward 1873 - 1905

letters

MA-MLP 3 1 to 8 Outward Letters 1873-1909

MA-MLP 4 1 to 4 Outwards memoranda 1874-1908

MA-MLP 6 4 Native Land Court Judge's 1897 - 1901

decisions of purchases of

193


January 2009


blocks by the Crown

MA-MLP 6 5 Copies of requests to the

Crown Lands Depatiment

for Crown Grants on

reserves set aside for

Maoris - 31 May 1881 - 11

July 1892. Also

alphabetical index of

blocks of land or reserves.

Bundle of Land Purchase

vouchers

MA-MLP 7 7 to 15 Land purchase accounts

journal

MA-MLP 8 1 to 4 Deeds of Transfer

(incomplete)

Maori Land Court (MLC)


MLC 2 1 to 3

New Zealand Railways (ill

Agency Series Acc

R 3 W227

8

R 3 W227

Box/item

[Maori Land Court] Registers of

Inward letters

Record Pt Description

190111630 1 Construction of

Stratford - Main

Trunk Railway

1903/1989 1 Extension ofNOlih

194

Dates

c.1871 -

c.1908

1876-1900

1878-1894

Dates

1889-1908

Dates

1879-1910

1887-1908


January 2009

8 Island Main Trunk

Line

R 3 W227 1910/39161 1 Fencing in main trunk 1880-1907

8 1 railway

R 3 W227 1915/3935 1 Leasing Railway land 1895-1956

8

R 4 55 1897/3218 Method of charging 1880-1897

timber

R 4 80 1898/2756 1 Maintenance of 1878-1930

railway boundary

fences

New Zealand Railways District Office, Wanganui (R-W)


R-W 3 6214 Seymours lease near Mangamahoe 1893 - 1963

Public Works Department, Head Office (W)

Agency Series Acc Box! Record Pt Description Dates

item

W 1 19/578 NOlih Island Main Trunk 1883-1884

[NIMT] - Rochforts and

Williams surveys [burnt]

W 15 W2957 13109 Plans and drawings - NOlih 1885

Island Main Trunk railway-

Te Kuiti contract-

fOlmation and permanent

way

W 15 W2957 13129 Plans and drawings - North 1885

195


Januaty 2009


item

Island Main Trunk railway-

Te Kuiti contract-

formation and permanent

way

W 32 14 85/1 1 60,000 sleepers for NOlih 1878-1895

Island Main Trunk railway,

Marton-Te Awamutu



Marton-Te Awamutu

W 32 14 16153 1 North Island Main Trunk 1896

to railway, Waitara route

7

W 32 15 8513 2 60,000 sleepers for North 1878-1895


Marton-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 8711 1 11,000 sleepers for NOlih 1878-1895


Marton-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 8711 3 11 ,000 sleepers for North 1878-1895


Malion-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 87/2 11,000 sleepers for NOlih 1878-1895


Malion-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 87/3 11,000 sleepers for NOlih 1878-1895


Marton-Te Awamutu

196


January 2009


item

W 32 16 8714 11,000 sleepers for North 1878-1895


Marton-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 87/5 11 ,000 sleepers for NOlih 1878-1895


Marton-Te Awamutu

W 32 16 87/6 11,000 sleepers for North 1878-1895


Mation-Te Awamutu

W 32 18 92/1 2 10,000 sleepers for North 1878-1895

Island Main Trunk railway


Island Main Trunk railway




item

AGG-A 1 10 74/242 Inwards letters. 15 May 1874 - Joseph May, 1874 - 1874

Auckland to the Commissioner of

Confiscated lands, Auckland - Applies on

behalf of WH James for a license to cut

timber on the Pirongia Ranges. - Enclosure:

Tracing showing the area for which license

is desired.

AGG-A 1 10 74/430 Inwards letters. 12 November 1874 - JH 1874 - 1874

Edwards, Alexandra - Asks ifthere are

197


JanuaIY 2009

Agency Series Box! Record Description

item

timbered lands in the Pirongia mountains on

which he could cut, and if so how much a

license would cost.

Dates

AGG-A 1 11 78/57 Inwards letters. 18 March 1878 - AJ Dickey, 1878 - 1878

Auckland - Sends certificate of duty payable

on conveyance and lease of land at

Waitangirua, Puketutu, Wairoa, etc.

Agent for the General Government, Hawkes Bay CAGG-HB)

Agency Series Acc

AGG

HB

1 2

Description

7-12 December 1870 - Disturbances in Waikato

Correspondence between Dr Pollen, Lt Col Lyon, WN

Searancke and JD Ormond, relative to the disturbances

in the Waikato, subsequent to the attack at Pirongia on

a survey party, and presence of Tawhiao amongst the

Hauturu.

Auckland Provincial Government CAP)


item

AP 2 3

AP 2 18

401173 14 Januaq - 7 February 1873 - Regarding

Puketutu Lease

2115174 24 June 1874 - JH Edwards - For

information about obtaining a timber

license to cut timber at Pirongia near

Alexandra

198

Dates

1870 - 1870

Dates

1873 - 1873

1874-1874


January 2009


item

AP 2 18 2252174 3 July 1874 - J Glasson - Repolis 1874 - 1874

discovery of coal at Pirongia Mountain and

asks for a grant ofpmi of mountain. Ifhe

discovers iron ore at Karehou Mountain

would a mining lease be granted him

AP 2 29 1052175 H Poh1en, Alexandra - Forwards letter no date

complaining about obshuction to certain

main and public roads in the Pirongia

Highway District

AP 2 55 2517/76 10 August - 20 October 1876 - Roads- 1876-1876

Waitetuna Area - Correspondence

conceming construction of a road tlu'ough

W Cogswell's propeliy at Waitetuna and

tlu'ough the Puketutu Maori Reserve

AP 5 1 Correspondence between Superintendent 1876-1876

[Auck Prov] and Govemor

AP 5 14 Copies of Correspondence with the 1872 - 1872

General Government - 1 May - 19

November 1872

AP 5 15 B Papers about Maoris and land unclear

Lands and Survey Office, Auckland (BAAZ)


item

BAAZ 1108 4 140 Native land Court Surveys (general) 1876-1884

BAAZ 1108 4 142 Native Land Comi Applications 1880-1884

BAAZ 1108 193 6776 Railway land 1904-1914

199


January 2009


item

BAAZ 1108 105 2413 Tauponuiatia Block 1887-1889



BAAZ 1108 116 2666 land grants to rebel natives 1889-1903

BAAZ 1108 135 3397 Timber floating licences (general) 1889-1900

BAAZ 1108 136 3397 Timber floating licences (general) 1900-1904

BAAZ 1108 140 3433 Derelict lands 1890-1892

BAAZ 1108 140 3443 Military and Naval claims 1896-1904

BAAZ 1108 158 4407 Native Land Court Claims 1894-1903

BAAZ 1108 159 4429 Plans to Land Purchase Officers 1895-1904

BAAZ 1108 164 5306 Advances to settlers 1904-1915

BAAZ 1108 191 6520 Survey Liens 1904-1914






BAAZ 1111 212 8582 Crown grants 1906-1914

BAAZ 1113 215 8956 Valuations 1905-1907

BAAZ 1117 221 9834 Native Land Survey 1906-1910

BAAZ 1118 221 9834 Native Land Survey 1910-1914

BAAZ 1123 225 10482 miscellaneous survey 1907-1918



BAAZ 1129 231 13234 Native Land Court 1909-1914

BAAZ 4728 la Native Land in the Auckland Land District 19077 -19077

suitable for settlement; Retmn of Native

200

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOll on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009


item

Land in North Island (Auckland Land

District)

Maori Land Court, Waikato-Maniapoto District (BACS)

Agency Accession Box/item Description

BACS A908 30a [Native Land Court] Old Panui

BACS A908 77c Te Kuiti Minutes (in Maori)

BACS A908 78a Otorohanga Minutes (in Maori)

Companies Office, Auckland (BADZ)

Dates

Dates

1870 -1899

1900 - 1901

1901 - 1901

Agency Acc Box!item Record Alt No. Description Dates

BADZ 5181 23 130 18741142 The Raglan and Waikato 1874-1874

Native Store Company

Ltd.

Department of Survey and Land InfOlmation, Auckland District Office (BAlE)


item

BAlE 4306 la Native Land Court Auckland - 1872 - 1887

Register of inwards blank cover

references [correspondence referred

by other Depts]

BAlE 4307 2a 1 Native Land Court Auckland - 1888 - 1911

Register of inwards blank cover

references [correspondence referred

201


January 2009

Agency Series

BAIE 4307

BAIE 4309

Boxl

item

Ib

1.00E-38


by other Depts]

2 Native Land Court Auckland - 1879-1893

Memo book

1869/744 From: Heta Tarawhiti, Parnell - 1869 - 1869

Subject: Has returned fi'om meeting

held at Hangatiki with Te Wheoro

and his people Hangatiki

BAIE 4309 If-17 1871/229 From: Ngatihaua, Ngatihourua and

all Waikato Tribes - Subject: Te

Whero objecting to his going to

attend the sitting of the Court at

Kaipara

High COUli, Auckland, Depmiment of Justice (BBAE)

Agency Series Boxl Description

item

BBAE 5075 1 Petitions Under the Land Transfer Act - Petitions

11-25

BBAE 5075 2 Petitions Under the Land Transfer Act - Petitions

26-42

BBAE 5648 la Auckland rating sales register [indexed]

Maori Land Court, Auckland (BBOP)

Agency Series Box!

item

Record Pt Description

BBOP 4309 4a-266 1874/1574 From: Falwasser Hemy J,

202

1871 - 1871

Dates

1882 - 1886

1888 -1897

1886 - 1921

Dates

1874 - 1874


January 2009

Agency Series Boxl Record Pt Description Dates

item

Raglan - Subject: Re copy of

mortgage for registration -

lands near Raglan

BBOP 4309 4a-267 187411453 From: Falwasser Henry J, 1874 - 1874

Raglan - Subject: Ngatitamainu

Tribe Copy Deed of Mortgage

to Queen Raglan

BBOP 4309 4a-268 187411453 From: Ngatitamainu Tribe - 1874-1874

Subject: Copy Deed of

Mortgage to Queen Raglan

BBOP 4309 Sa-ISS 1874/939 From: Kataraina Ngati, Aotea - 1874 - 1874

Subject: Wishes it adjudicated

upon before the money is paid

Makora

BBOP 4309 5a-212 1874/577 From: Paraone Ngaweke, 1874 - 1874

Aotea and Others - Subject: Do

not wish it surveyed Aotea

BBOP 4309 5a-215 1874/532 From: Rauhi and Others, 1874 - 1874

Paheheheke - Subject: Asking

to have it surveyed by the

Government Aotea

BBOP 4309 6a-437 1876/1119 From: Waterea Motutara, 1876 - 1876

Raglan - Subject: Says has

been deprived of his land by

his father's rebellion

Rangiaowhia

BBOP 4309 6a-525 187611272 From: Horomona Wahanui, 1876-1876

Raglan - Subject: Giving the

203


January 2009

Agency Series Box! Record Pt Description Dates

item

boundaries of certain lands for

publication

BBOP 4309 7a-107 187612067 From: Te Reti Ngataki, 1876 - 1876

Alexandra - Subject: Enclosing

list of lands and wishing it to

be printed

BBOP 4309 10a-145 1882/2868 From: Morpeth JB - Subject: 1882 - 1882

Te Whero Major, advising re

petition certain succession

claims

BBOP 4309 10a-207 1882/3694 From: Morpeth WJ, for Under 1882 - 1882

Secretary, Native Depatiment -

Subject: Education

Depatiment. Lands taken for

native school sites

BBOP 4309 lla-ll 1883/228 From: Tamehana Te 1883 - 1883

Angatoheroa, Kopua - Subject:

Applying to have it withdrawn

Kakepuku

BBOP 4309 lla-224 1883/2184 From: Rees WL, Alexandra - 1883 - 1883

Subject: Wahanui wishes

Brown to go to him at

Alexandra.

BBOP 4309 lla-285 1883/3064 From: Rewi Maniapoto, 1883 - 1883

Kihikihi - Subject: Asking they

be heard at Kihikihi Waikeria

and Other Blocks

BBOP 4309 lla-9 1883/218 From: Hammond Edward, 1883 - 1883

204


January 2009


item

Registrar Native Land Court,

Auckland - Subject:

Requesting that celiain plans

be handed to Mr Cussen

BBOP 4309 llb-84 1884/- From: Wilkinson T, Native 1884-1884

Agent, Alexandra - Subject:

Howard Mr - his timber matter

BBOP 4309 llb-127 1884/2756 From: Rihi Te Tahuti, Kihikihi 1884 - 1884

- Subject: Asking if any claims

have been sent in, within limits

for Puniu, Mangahamoe etc

BBOP 4309 11b-129 188412686 From: Rihi Te Tahuti, Kihikihi 1884 - 1884

- Subject: Ngati Maniapoto

have claims been received

within their boundaries[?]

BBOP 4309 llb-17 1884/552 From: Grace WH, Maketu - 1884-1884

Subject: When is Couli to sit at

Kihikihi for Maungatautari

BBOP 4309 llb-18 1884/568 From: Hopa Te Rangianini, 1884 - 1884

Kihikihi - Subject: Asking

what has delayed the hearing

of their claims

BBOP 4309 2a-142 1866/1622 From: Hetaraka Nero, Raglan - 1866 - 1866

Subject: Court Sitting

acknowledging receipt of

notice Pukerimu

BBOP 4309 7a-105 1876/2235 From: Te Reti Ngataki, 1876 - 1876

Alexandra - Subject: Wishing a

205


January 2009


item

certain paper returned to him

BBOP 4309 9a-51 1880/1566 From: Te Aroa Hereiti, Kawhia 1880 - 1880

- Subject: Native Land Court

Session enquiring the dates of

sittings at Cambridge

BBOP 5962 1 1 NOlihem District titles indexes 1894 - 1910

BBOP 5963 1 Appeals Register 1895 - 1901




BBOP 5966 34 2 Waikato local registers 1874 - 1881

[includes index to Books 1-2]




BBOP 5966 40 2 Kawhia and Mokau local 1902-1907

registers

BBOP 10001 15 1 Subdivision and patiition 1885 - 1908

registers - Auckland

BBOP 10002 1 Applications for determination 1881 - 1891

of survey chat'ges and survey

certificates


of survey charges and survey

certificates


of survey chat'ges and survey

206

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repOlt on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth cenlmy land issues,

January 2009


item

certificates

BBOP 10002 4 Applications for detel1nination 1895 - 1899


celiificates



celiificates



celiificates

BBOP 10109 la Register of applications for 1883 - 1883

cancellation of Crown Grants

under Clause 24 Native

Reserves Act 1882

BBOP 10111 la I Register of Applications under 1887 - 1887

Section 24 of the Native Lands

Administration Act 1886

BBOP 10111 2a 2 Register of Applications under 1887 - 1887

Section 24 of the Native Lands

Administration Act 1886

BBOP 10118 la Personal Estate Register 1885 -1889

BBOP 10124 la Register ofInward Letters - 1874-1876

Native Land COUli Office,

NOlihern District

BBOP 10106 la Register of Applications under 1906 - 1909

Native Land COUli Act 1894

Section 39, 40 and 49

BBOP 10109 la Register of Applications for 1890-1898

207


Januaty 2009


item

Removal of Restrictions

BBOP 10109 2a Register of Applications for 1898 - 1910

Removal of Restrictions


Equitable Owners Act 1886

BBOP 10112 la Register of applications for 1896 - 1899

consent of Native Land Court

to sale and lease by TlUstees.

BBOP 10113 la Confirmation of alienation, 1894 - 1899

Index to names of blocks.

BBOP 10114 la Register of Applications for 1896 - 1910

Certificates of Age under the

Native Land Claims

Adjustment Act 1901

BBOP 10117 la Block Index to land No date

BBOP 10122 la Register and index to 1894-1897

cOlTespondence relating to

applications under the Native

Land COUli Act 1894

BBOP 10123 la Register of applications under 1895-1910

Sub-section II of Section 14

Apportionment of rent, and

orders under Section 71 of the

Native Land Laws Amendment

Act 1895


Section 38 and 39, Native Land

COUli Act 1894

208


January 2009


item


Native Land Act 1894 Section

40


Section 38 and 39, Native Land

COUlt Act 1894


Section 49 Native Land Laws

Amendment Act 1895.


Section 13 Native Land COUlt

Amendment Act 1889


Sections 72 and 118 of Native

Land COUlt Act 1894


Native Land (Validation of

Titles) Act 1892 and Sections

122 - 123 Native Land Act

1894

BBOP 10227 la Index to registers of no date - no

application for confirmation of date

alienation of land by lease or

sale

Agency Accession Box!item Title Dates

BBOP A52 25/59 NOlthem Court Fees 1878 - 1892

209


JanuaIY 2009

BBOP A52 45/109 Miscellaneous Loose Papers 1838 - 1904

Maps


Appendices to the Journals ofthe House of Representatives (AJHR)

Maps showing New Zealand Wars sites and confiscated land

Year Reference

1864 E-2A

1864 E-9

Title

New Zealand NOlih Island [Areas shaded in pink/red are

proposed as confiscated. Also has provincal boundaries

and estimated area of each province, signed by Heaphy,

Chief Surveyor]

North Island New Zealand [Shows area that contributed

'rebels' to NZ Wars (blue), 'friendly' Maori territOlY

(white) and land under negotiation (red)]

Survey and early topographical maps o/the Rohe Potae

Year Reference

1884 Sess II, C - 1

1885 C -IA

1885 C - 3

Title

Sketch Map of the "King Country" based upon

Trigonometrical and Topographic Survey by L

Cussen, F H Edgecombe and W C C Spenser

Topographical Map of a pOliion of the Interior of

Auckland & Taranaki (including the King Country)

from Trigonometricial surveys, Laurence Cussen &

. H M Skeet, NZ Survey Dept

210

Surveys of New Zealand - Appendix 3 - Map:

interior of Auckland and Taranaki including the

King Country. Topographical with land use


January 2009

Maps showing proposed and actual routes for Main Trunk Line

Year Reference

1868 E- 5

1880 E- 3

1884 Sess I, D - 1

1884 Sess I, 16

1884 Sess II, D - 1

1884 Sess II, I6

1884 Sess II, I6

1884 Sess II, 16

1885 D - 1

1887 Sess I, D - 1

211

Title

Untitled (proposed railway lines, North Island]

Index Plan of the North Island, New Zealand to

accompany the report of the Railway Commission

1880

Map of the North Island, New Zealand showing

explorations for railway routes between Auckland

and Wellington

The NOlih Island Trunk Railway, plan showing

proposed routes, and the tenure of the country

through which they pass

Map showing Railways North Island New Zealand,

John Blackett M.Inst.CE Engineer in Charge

Sketch Plan of the Central Route Railway Line

Marton to Te Awamutu explored by Mr John

Rochfort refel1'ed to in the annual repOli of the

engineer in charge NOlih Island for 1883 - 1884

Map of the North Island, New Zealand showing

explorations for railway routes between Auckland

and Wellington

Sketch Plan of the Westem Route Railway Line

Stratford to Te Awamutu explored by Messrs R H

Holmes & M Carkeek referred to in the annual

report ofthe engineer in charge NOlih Island for

1883 - 1884

Sketch Map showing course of North Island Main

Trunk Railway with contracts let, advertised and

under survey. Also roads made and in progress

Map showing Railways NOlih Island New Zealand


January 2009

Year Reference

1887 Sess I, D - 1

1889 D - 1

1892 1-9

1894 D - 1

1899 D - 1

1899 D - 1

Maps showing land tenure

Year Reference

1884 Sess II, C - 1

1891 G- 5

1891 Sess II, G - 10

1892 C - 1

1903 C - 1

1903 C - 1

Title

Sketch Plan to accompany the Engineer in Chiefs

report. Showing suggested road lines to the Central

Railway

Sketch Map of the Central and Taranaki Routes

North Island main Trunk Railw,!y

Taranaki, 1892

Map of the Cnetral and Taranaki Routes Nmih

Island Main Trunk Railway

Map showing the Tenure etc ofthe lands adjacent

to the Central and Stratford Rly Routes

Taranaki - Auckland Railway, altemative

connections with Central Line: Plan accompanying

Mr Holme's repmi, 31st July, 1899

Title

Map ofthe Nmih Island New Zealand showing land

tenure, 30 June 1884

Native lands ofNZ showing the occupation and

tenure use

Map of the Native Lands of New Zealand shewing

their occupation tenure and use, compiled on the

order 6fthe House of Representatives 30 Jan 1891

on the motion of T Kenedy MacDonald MHR

Unoccupied Crown and Native Lands

North Island (Te-Ika-A-Maui) New Zealand

shewing the Land tenure, 1902 - 1903


212


January 2009

Year Reference

1903 D-9

1904 C - 1

1904 C - 1

1905 C -I

1907 C - I

1907 G- 3a

1908 C - 1

Maps showing roads constructed

Year Reference

1887 C -2

1889 C -la

1889 C - la

1891 C - la

1892 C - 1

1893 C - I

1894 C - 1

1895 C - 1

1896 C - 1

1897 C - 1

213

Title

tenure use

N.I.M.T.Ry Plan showing tenure of land for twenty

five miles on each side of Awakino, Waitara,

Stratford and Central Routes

North Island (Te-Ika-A-Maui) New Zealand

shewing the Land tenure, 1903 - 1904


tenure use


tenure use


tenure use

Map of Auckland region showing Blocks purchased


tenure use

Title

Map of North Island Roads contructed 1881-87

Map ofNOlih Island Roads contructed 1881-89

Exploration of Roads, Taranaki - Ongaruhe

Map ofNZ roads contructed 1881-91

Roads to open Crown lands for sale







January 2009


1898 C - 1 Roads to open Crown lands for sale




1902 C -1 Roads to open Crown lands for sale

Maps showing land transactions

[Land available for settlement and land taken up for settlement during that year]

Year Reference

1890 C - 5

1894 C - 1

1895 C - 1

1896 C - 1

1897 C - 1

1898 C - 1

1899 C - 1

1900 C -1

1901 C - 1

1902 C - 1

1903 C - 1

1904 C -1

1905 C - 1

1906 C -1

1907 C - 1

1908 C - 1

1913 C -1

214


January 2009

Maps showing the state of public survey

Year Reference

1879 H - 19

1880 H -27

1881 c -4

1881 c -4

1882 C - 3

1882 C - 3

1883 C - 2

1883 C - 3

1883 C - 3

1884 Sess I, C - 1

1885 C - 3

1886 C -la

1887 C - 2

1888 C - la

1889 C -la

1890 C - 5

1890 C - 5

1891 C - la

1892 C - 1

1893 C -1

1894 C - 1

1895 C -1

1896 C - 1

1897 C -1

1898 C -1

1900 C -1

1901 C - 1

215

Bibliography to accompany Boulton, scoping repolt on Te Rohe Potae nineteenth century land issues,

January 2009

1902 C -1

1903 C - 1

1904 C - 1

1905 C - 1

1906 C - 1

Maps showing tribal boundaries

Year Reference

1870 D - 23

Title

Map showing Native tribal boundaries (NOlih

Island)

Auckland City Library, Auckland

Classification Map No. Title Date

D 995.09 gbb 1884 Map No. 6569 Native Land Settlement Bill: plan of 1884

the land included in the schedule.

Werllington: New Zealand General

Survey Office, 1884

Waikato University Library Map Room, Hamilton

Reference

530.1271 BH [ca. 19547]

530.1271 BH [ca. 19547]

530.1271 BH 1902

Title & Description

Kawhia Towns District (Gaz 1906, p 2720)

Kawhia Towns District (Gaz 1906, p 2720) Now

Merged in County of Kawhia as from 1st April

1954 (Gaz 1954, p 298)

Date

1954

1954

Auckland land District No. 641 - Rural Lands open 1902

for sale or selection in the survey districts of

Mangaorongo, Orahiri and Pirongia, County of

Kawhia, Fri 29 August 1902

216


January 2009

Reference

530.1271 BH 1899

530.1271 BH 1902

530.1271 BH 1883

unclear

unclear


Title & Description Date

Auckland land District No. 438 - Rural Lands open 1899

for sale or selection in the Counties of Kawhia and

West Taupo, Mon 27 March 1899

Auckland land District No. 659 - Rural land open

for sale or selection in the survey districts of

Mangaorongo, Orahiri and Punui, County of

Kawhia,Fir 19 December 1902 [Kiokoi Blk is

written in pencil on the top of the plan]

Sketch Map of Explorations made in the King

Country by J H Ken'y-Nicolls [2 copies - one

facsmilie and one later printed colour version]

Wellington - Auckland Railway: Map to

accompany Mr H J Lowe's report re land tenure, 4th

September, 1899

Public Works Map showing the Railways North

Island of New Zealand, 1908

1902

1883

1899

1908

Alexallder Turnbull Library, Wellingtoll

Reference

1/1-025517-G

Title & Description

Overlooking land leading down to the sea at

Kawhia, with the steamship Hinemoa visible. A

waka is just visible on the piece of land alongside

the ship, in the middle distance. It was possibly

used for escorting officials to or from the ship

Photograph taken on Friday, 14th March 1884, by

William Williams, on the occasion of Governor W

F D Jervois' visit.

217

Date

1884


JanualY 2009

Reference

111-025747 -G

111-025748-G

1II-025749-G

111-025750-F

1II-025752-G

Title & Description

Armed Constabulary camp at Puti Point, Kawhia,

showing four tents and a wooden building.

Photographed 1884 by William Williams.

Kawhia A C's working in bush at Te Kauri camp

1884. T H W & W W. (Caption transcribed from

lantern slide). Photograph taken by William

Williams.

Powhiri (official welcoming ceremony) for

Governor Sir William Jervois, Lady Jervois, and

party (Miss A Jervois, Reverend W Jervois, Miss A

Richmond, and Major C V Eccles) at Kawhia, by

chiefs ofNgati Hikairo (Hone Te One, Hone

Wetere, and Pikia), the chief of Ngati Haua (Tetahi

Rahi), and Tiki Taimona. Shows a scene by a

house, where a group of Maori are seated under the

verandah. On the left, an unidentified Maori chief

holds a taiaha. The Governor, and his group, are on

the right. Photograph taken Friday, 14 March 1884,

by William Williams. The guests arrived on the S S

Hinemoa at 4pm and left at 6pm. See also New

Zealand Herald newspaper, 17.3.1884

Kawhia AImed Constabulary on parade under

Captain Messenger. Shows two rows of men

standing outside, holding rifles at their sides.

Photograph taken in 1884 at Kawhia by William

Williams.


Governor Sir William Jervois, Lady Jervois, and


218

Date

1884

1884

1884

1884

1884


January 2009

Reference

1I1-025756-G

Title & Description



Wetere, and Pikia), the chiefofNgati Haua (Tetahi

Rahi), and Tiki Taimona, Shows a scene by a


verandah, On the left, an unidentified Maori chief

holds a taiaha, The Governor, and his group, are on


by William Williams, The guests arrived on the S S

Hinemoa at 4pm and left at 6pm, See also New

Zealand Herald newspaper, 17,3,1884

Overlooking King Tukaroto Matutaera Potatau Te

Wherowhero Tawhiao's pa at Whatiwhatihoe, with

a cultivated paddock in the foreground. Photograph

taken by William Williams while he was on his trip

to Kawhia in 1884.

Date

1884

1I1-025757-G View of Maketu Pa at Kawhia. Some whare can be 1884

1I1-025758-G

1/2-000414-G

112-000467 -G

seen and in the centre distance is a meeting house.

Taken by William Williams in 1884.

Soldiers in the Aimed Constabulary redoubt at

Kawhia. Shows men alongside tents. Photograph

taken by William Williams in 1884.

View of Kawhia township, looking over towards

the fatmhouse built by George Charlton in the

centre background. Photograph taken by Jon

Limited (Firm) between 1900-1930.

Oparau township and bridge, Waikato. There is a

stream in the foreground, several buildings are

located near the bridge and road, and hills in the

219

1884

1900 - 1930

1912


January 2009

Reference

1I2-000469-G

1I2-000470-G

1!2-002817-F

1I2-019363-F

1I2-060081-F

1I2-096175-G

1I2-140365-G

Title & Description

distance. One of the buildings visible is the general

store owned by Otto Sperling. Photographed circa

1912 by William Archer Price.

Kawhia township photograph taken, possibly by

Jonathan & Co, between 1900-1930.

Otto Sperling's store in Oparau, Waikato. A house

is visible behind the store and there are several

horses grazing in a field. Photographed circa 1912

by William Archer Price.

Date

1900 - 1930

1912

Overlooking the settlement of Kawhia, circa 1890s. 1890s

Photographer unidentified.

Overlooking Kawhia Pa towards Kawhia harbour, 1910

ca 1910. Several whare can be seen. Photograph

taken by Enos Silvanus Pegler.

Kawhia Pa, on the banks of Maketu Bay, circa

1880s

Group at the digging of the first sod for the Main

Trunk Railway. They stand at the confiscation line

at the southern bank of the Puniu River, 15 April

1885. Standing in the centre behind the balTow,

wearing a top hat, is Rewi Maniapoto. Immediately

to his left is his daughter, Te Kore. To her left and

behind is Sir Robert Stou~. The tall man wearing a

top hat, standing to the left of Stout, is Wahanui

Huatare. Photograph taken by Daniel Manders

Beere.


Govemor Sir William Jervois, Lady Jervois, and


220

1880s

1885

1884


January 2009

Reference

A-045-015

A-045-015-a

Title & Description



Wetere, and Pikia), the chief of Ngati Haua (Tetahi

Rahi), and Tiki Taimona. Shows a scene by a


verandah. On the left, an unidentified Maori chief

holds a taiaha. The Governor, and his group, are on


by William Williams. The guests alTived on the S S

Hinemoa at 4pm and left at 6pm. See also New

Zealand Herald newspaper, 17.3.1884

B&W Etching 90 x 127 mm by Edward William

Payton shows a Maori pa with two figures walking

past a hut. Whatiwhatihoe was once a royal village,

the home of the Maori King, Tawhiao.

B&W Etching 90 x 127 mm by Edward William

Payton shows a Maori pa with two figures walking

past a hut. Whatiwhatihoe was once a royal village,

the home ofthe Maori King, Tawhiao.

Date

1880s

1880s

PAI-0-091 Burton brothers album 16 includes scenes of Maod 1870 - 1885

P Al-q-630-13

PA7-19-37

life in the King Country. Lists Whatiwhatihoe in

fields for places. The album consists of about 71

pages, of which 25 are empty.

Studio portrait of William Hemy Grace, taken ca

1880 by Robert Hemy Bartlett of Auckland.

Photograph of Huingatini, at the King's residence,

Whatiwhatihoe (Muir & Moodie)

221

1880

1885?


January 2009

Te Kuiti alld District Historical Society, Te Kuiti

Reference Title & Description

Maori settlement File: item Two photographs Te Kuiti Maori Pa 1884

0238

Te Kuiti Township file File: Photograph ofTe Kuiti Marae 1893

item 0023

Waitomo Caves Museum, Waitomo

Reference/location Title & Description

photo filing cabinet: Survey Survey party, 1887

parties, bush camps and

explorers, item 14

photo filing cabinet: Survey W. Cussen, B. Cashel and Survey Party


explorers, item 474

photo filing cabinet: Survey Survey patiy 1883

patiies, bush camps and

explorers, item 479

photo filing cabinet: Survey Cussen's Survey Catnp


explorers, item 484

Located in Slide Cabinet,

item 5s1


item 5s2


item 5s4


item 5s11

Andrew Wilson's survey patiy, 1887

Andrew Wilson's survey patiy, 1887, close-up

old print calioon. "Objection to survey on part of

Native Ladies".

Cussen's survey camp

222

Date

1884

1893

Date

1887

unclear

1883

unclear

1887

1887

unclear

unclear