TDMA SATCOM & Operational Architecture for 1ST & · PDF fileTDMA SATCOM & Operational Architecture for 1ST & 2ND SBCT, CJTF-76, & 3ID. 10thInternational Command and Control Research

TDMA SATCOM & Operational Architecture for 1ST & 2ND SBCT,

CJTF-76, & 3ID.

10th International Command and Control Research Technology Symposium

June 13-16 2005

CPT Corey PressleyBattle Command Battle Laboratory-Gordon706-791-5515 DSN [email protected]

Agenda• Problem Statements• Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)• Fundamentals of TDMA SATCOM• Network Management• TDMA Architectural Solutions (SBCT & 3ID)• Equipment in system• Future Projects

General Problem Statement• The SBCT, CJTF-76, 3ID needed a method that provided sufficient

data rates to support Battlefield Collaboration, Situational Awareness, and Data Imagery between battalion and brigade TOCs. – Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS)– High Data Throughput– Bandwidth Efficient– Easily Transportable– Transmission Security

SBCT Background• 3/2 Infantry chosen for OIF rotation (o/a 1 November 2003)• 3/2 Infantry employs NTDR (surrogate JTRS) for TOC-TOC communications• Bandwidth shortfall issue raised during 3/2 Infantry CERTEX (May 03)• Range between TOCs is exceeds 5Km(which is determine as the effective range in foliage.• NTDR issues:

– Throughput (roughly equivalent to 28.8 kbps modem)• Currently did not support SA data

– Common Operational Picture (COP) FBCB2– Required use of relays (C2 protect issue)– Range (~ 5 Km in foliage)

• PEO C3T SPO/PM WIN-T/RDEC/ BCBL(G) partnered on TDMA solution.– Operational Needs Statement generated from 3/2 Infantry– Supports C2, collaboration, and ABCS traffic.– Uses Linkway 2100 modem and VSAT (13 nodes)

• Current status:– Equipment procured, integrated and trained at Fort Lewis Sept/Oct 03.– PEO Team in Kuwait during RSOI for in-theater training.– 90 day effort resulted in 13 nodes delivered to 1SBCT for OIF-III– TDMA network up and operational in northern Iraq– 2SBCT has replaced 1SBCT (October 04)

Fundamentals of TDMA

• TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access– A digital transmission technology that allows a number of users to

access a single radio-frequency (RF) carrier without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each carrier.

• TDMA: Users are separated by time

• TDMA DAMA – TDMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access– TDMA technology where time slots are dynamically assigned based

on user demand for services.

• MF-TDMA DAMA – Multi-frequency TDMA DAMA– TDMA technology where multiple carriers on a spacecraft can be

allocated to a TDMA network.– Forms a “bandwidth pool” for user to share dynamically.

2 ea. 2048 kbps full duplex point to point linksTransmit on one carrier frequency and receive on another8 MHz of bandwidth utilized at all timesNo dynamic allocation of bandwidthScales poorlyCarriers are full duty cycle regardless of user demand for bandwidth

No user demand for bandwidth User demand for bandwidth exists

FDMA Spectrum Plots

•Single 5 Msymbol/sec carrier defined•No user demand for bandwidth from any of nodes in the TDMA network•No bandwidth allocated.

•Single 5 msymbol/sec carrier defined•Demand for bandwidth exists, hence, bandwidth is allocated accordingly. •Additional carriers can be defined to support network growth.•User’s share carrier(s) for both transmit and receive•Scales well – efficient use of valuable space resource•Supports ad hoc networking well

No user demand for bandwidth User demand for bandwidth existsTDMA-DAMA Spectrum Plots

FIG A FIG BFIG A

FIG B

TDMA Management

• TDMA network requires Master Reference Terminal (MRT) site

• Alternate MRT (AMRT) site can optionally be used for failover

• MRT roles:– Network node definition– Node to node connectivity– Bandwidth on demand allocation

Linkway Network Components

TDMA

Linkway

Traffic Terminal

Linkway

NCC1 NMS

Linkway

MRT Site

LAN

Linkway

NCC2 NMS

Linkway

Alternate MRT Site

LAN

Linkway

Traffic Terminal

Linkway

Traffic Terminal

Linkway

Traffic Terminal

Linkway 2100 TDMA Modem

• Market leader (full/partial mesh) is Linkway 2100 product

• Multi-protocol satellite modem (ATM/IP/Frame/ISDN)– Protocols operate independent of each other– Discrete symbol rates (5, 2.5, 1.25, .625, and .312 Msymbols/sec)

• Requires a Network Control Center(NCC) at one of the nodes in the network

– Co-located at the Master Reference Terminal (MRT)– Defines traffic terminals in the network– Defines node connectivity– Allocates bandwidth– Alternate NCC can be defined for redundancy

Traffic Terminal portion of MRT stack

Management portion of MRT stack

Master Reference Terminal Electronics

Sample TDMA Network loading chart

Traffic Bursts

Reference BurstsSignaling BurstsAcquisition BurstsControl BurstsTraffic Bursts

Guard Bands

TDMA Architecture Summation

SIPR/NIPR Voice/Data

(TBD)

2.4/3.7~45MhzTBD (8-10)54Multiple & Partial Meshes

3ID

SIPR/NIPRCENTRIX Voice/Data

2.4/6.313.5Mhz316+H/SCJTF-76


1.5/2.49Mhz214DUAL H/S

SBCT

ServicesAnt. Size (meters)

Approx. B/W Pool

RF Carriers

No. SITES

TopologyUNIT

THEATERNETWORK DIV MSE

Ku BAND SATELLITE

HC

LOS

X X

DMAIN

l l l ll l

X

BDE FWD (TOC B)

l l

X

BDE MAIN (TOC A)

X

BSA

BRSS

BSN

BSN

HC

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SMART-T

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MILSTARMDR

OBJECTIVE 3-2 SBCT DEPLOYMENT COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTUREWITH DIGITAL RANGE EXTENSION ASSESTS DEPLOYED TO BATTALION LEVEL

WITH A TDMA Ku BAND SATTELITE SOLUTIONPOC FOR THIS DOCUMENT:

JEREMY BRADY EMAIL: [email protected] Projects Office (SPO), PEOC3T, Fort Monmouth, NJ

SMART-T

2.4m Ku-BANDTERMINAL

(MRT)

BDE CDR/ TAC

l l


(TT)

SPARETERMINAL

1-23 IN 2-3 IN 5-20 IN 1-14 CAV

l l

3-17 CAV

1-37 FA

I I

CSB

44 CSB


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)


(TT)

Camp Doha


(MRT)

Sanctuary

Camp Doha 2.4m Reachback Antenna

Brigade Main 2.4m Antenna

Traffic Terminal 1.5m Antenna

Traffic Terminal portion of MRT stack

Management portion of MRT stack

Master Reference Terminal Electronics

Linkway 2100 modem

Cisco 1760 VPN router

KG-175 Taclane

Cisco 3725 Router

PA power supply

Storage drawer

UPS

Traffic Terminal Electronics



(TBD)


3ID


2.4/6.313.5Mhz316+H/SCJTF-76



SBCT


Approx. B/W Pool

RF Carriers

No. SITES

TopologyUNIT

CJTF-76 Ku Augmentation

PRT Site Location



(TBD)


3ID


2.4/6.313.5Mhz316+H/SCJTF-76



SBCT


Approx. B/W Pool

RF Carriers

No. SITES

TopologyUNIT

TDMA – IPFDMA – IP + CKTEHF via SMART-T X-Band via GMFL-BandAlternate Route

LOS

Technical Approach For 3IDMultiple UAs / UEx / JTF

8 TDMA Nets (7 UAs + DIV)10 FDMA Links

(NOT ALL LINKS SHOWN)

Ku-Band Satellite

TDMA Mesh #1

EHF-Band Satellite

64 KB INMARSATL-Band Satellite

L-Band Hub in Sanctuary

LEASECIRCUITor DISN

STEP SiteDISN Services

UATDMA Mesh #2

UA

IIMAIN

X

IIII II

II

JNN

IIMAIN

X

IIII II

II SmallNode

DMAINXX

XXDTAC

JNN

JNN JNN

JNN

KuKuKu

Ku Ku Ku

KuKu

Ku

Ku

ISDNLINES

VendorL-Band Hub

TDMA

FDMA

Unit Hub #1

USMCX

SHF X-Band Satellite

XXDTAC

JNN

TSC-93

SMART-TSMART-T

JTF

TSC-85

SMART-T

TDMA - IP

TDMA

FDMA

Unit Hub #2

STEP SiteDISN Services

SMART-T

NETOPSSMART-T

SMART-T

WAAF

EVANS

NETWORK DIAGRAM (JNN/SATCOM)

1302

HUB

DMAIN

4th BDESIM-C

DREAR

2nd BDE

CPN

SUS

36th3-1

BRAGG

SMART-T

6714

6700

DTAC

6701

6702

AVN6713

6715Fiber

CPN

STB

TSC 85

TSC 93

NC67002

670034096

2048

2048 2048

2048

2048

1024

1024

1024

1024

Data Hut

Commercial T1

KU BAND

Commercial

X-BAND

SMART-T

HCLOS

4096

40964096

4096

4096 4096

3ID’s Modular TDMA Hub

3ID’s Ku Trailer (2.4 Meters) Traffic Terminal/JNN

Ku Trailer

BCBL-G Contribution• SBCT & CJTF-76

– Conducted Initial and Refresher Training on all TDMA SATCOM Equipment CONUS & OCONUS

• MRT – Sun System (Core of the TDMA Network)• Linkway Modem• 2.4/1.5 meter satellite dishes

• 3ID– Onsite Subject Matter Experts CONUS (OCONUS TBD)– Configured & established initial network– Management of Space Segment – Commercial bandwidth

allocation

Current Projects

• OIF-IV• 101st Division (Fort Campbell, Kentucky)• 4th Infantry Division (Fort Hood, Texas)• 10th Mountain Division • 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team (Fort Richardson, Alaska)

Questions/Comments ?

Backup Slides

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FILENAME: CJTF-180 Test bed IP Distribution V1.3.vsd

5:20:05 PM 1DATE: TIME: PG: OF PGS24/28/2004

Dale White/MarkMorrell/David Heredia

COMPANY: CREATOR:BCBL(G)

TITLE: 1/25 TDMA Test bed, Version 1.3

1/25 TDMA Test-bed NetworkMaster Reference Terminal Configuration/IP Distribution

FILENAME: CJTF-180 Test bed IP Distribution V1.3.vsd

5:20:05 PM 2DATE: TIME: PG: OF PGS24/28/2004

Dale White/MarkMorrell/David HerediaCOMPANY: CREATOR:BCBL(G)

TITLE: 1/25 TDMA Test bed, Version 1.3

1/25 TDMA Test-bed NetworkMaster Reference Terminal Configuration/IP Distribution

TDMA

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Hub-Spoke / Full Mesh TDMA Architecture Comparison

Full Mesh TDMAHub-Spoke

SpectralEfficiency

FootprintEfficiency

Data ThroughputEfficiency

Survivability

Requires full-time separate link for each spoke stationCost: One segment required for each spoke

Controller

AlternateController

Hub

Spoke

Hub must have large enough antenna for adequate gain to accommodate the number of spoke stations at prescribed bandwidth

Single-hop from hub to any spoke, double-hop fromany spoke to any other spoke. Triple-hop to spokes in parallel meshes

Single-hop from any station to any other station

Hub station is single point of failure Both the controller and alternate controller must failbefore network fails

Extend bandwidth on demand to space segment (suppresses silent stations)Less Transponder Space RequiredCost: One carrier or set of carrier (shared)Network of peer approximately same antenna size at all locations

ScalabilityMaximum number is one hub and 4 spokesMilitary only architecture

In excess of 1000’s of stations possibleCan be used with commercial or military satellites

Protocol Support Requires serial baseband (serial only) Multi-protocol (ATM/IP/Frame/ISDN (IP + 2 others)

Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR)

• Freq Range 225-450 MHz• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation• 3 Channels to communicate

– Reservation – Cluster member Channel– Cluster head channel

• Digital Cellular like Network– No fixed or permanent designated base stations– Semi Autonomous network– Protocols Used( Receiver Directed Protocol & Multiple Access

Collision Avoidance Protocol • One Interface through an attached Cisco Router

SBCT Radio Transmission Methods

• SINCGARS-ASIP• EPLRS• NTDR• Harris HF Radio• SPITFIRE• SMART-T

SPITFIRE: AN/PSC-5

• Manpacked/Vehicle Mounted• Frequency Range: 30-400 MHz• Single Channel/Demand Assigned Multiple Access

(DAMA)• Interfaces w/ SINCGARS/ASIP Waveforms• Omni Directional Antennae

SMART-T• Secure Mobile Anti Jam Reliable Tactical Terminal• MILSTAR II Satellite• EHF: Range Extension for MSE• Data Rate:

– 4 separate data steams 128, 256, 512,1024– 1 data stream at a 1.544 Mbps: DS-1

• No terminals at the Battalion Level• Inter-TOC Communications (1024 Kbps)• CERTEX: 1 additional SMART-T; 3 additional AN/TSC-

93 SATCOM Terminals

Documents

TDMA SATCOM & Operational Architecture for 1ST & · PDF fileTDMA SATCOM & Operational Architecture for 1ST & 2ND SBCT, CJTF-76, & 3ID. 10thInternational Command and Control Research