TCMVT lec3

11

ThiThitt kk mmngng truytruy nhnhpp

2

ThiThitt kk mmngng WAN WAN

MMngng WAN WAN cc ccuu trtrcc tt nhnhngng ngngkktt nnii ringring. Do . Do vvyy ccnn phphii thithitt kk TTii uu chchtt llngng hohott ngng

TTii thithiuu gigi ththnhnh

CungCung ccpp ddchch vv

ChoCho phphpp dd phngphng vvnn hohott ngng cc khikhicc hhngng hhcc

23

MMngng truytruy nhnhpp vv mmngng xngxng ssngng

WAN WAN cc thth chiachia rara ththnhnh 02 02 phphnn MMngng xngxng ssngng (backbone) (backbone) nnii cccc trungtrung tmtm chchnhnh

MMngng truytruy nhnhpp linlin kktt cccc iimm cucuii ttii nntt backbone backbone ggnnnhnhtt

LinLin kktt truytruy nhnhpp cungcung ccpp kktt nnii nnii hhtt, , linlin kktt xngxngssngng cungcung ccpp kktt nnii ngng ddii

CC haihai mmngng uu ccnn phphii thithitt kk

ii vvii mmii loloii ss ddngng cccc nguynnguyn ttcc khkhcc nhaunhau

4

NguynNguyn ttcc thithitt kk1.1. ThiThitt kk tttt phphii cc nhinhiuu ththnhnh phphnn cc ss ddngng tttt2.2. TrongTrong mmngng iinn thothoii ss ddngng phphii caocao (( gigimm gigi

ththnhnh))-- trongtrong mmngng dd liliuu, , ss ddngng phphii nhnh (( gigimm trtr))3.3. MMcc tiutiu ss ddngng 50% 50% trntrn tttt cc cccc linlin kktt (( cncn bbngng

gigi/tr/tr))4.4. MMcc tiutiu cc ccngng tt ngng ccngng tttt ss ddngng ddii mmcc 50%50%5.5. SS ddngng cccc trungtrung tmtm lulu llngng -- llyy rara tt ttnhnh totonn trtrngng

ss6.6. CnCn nhnhcc ss ccnn thithitt vvii ngng ngngnn, , kinhkinh tt tt cccc ngng

ttcc caocao vv ss ddngng7.7. PhPhnn llnn gigiii thuthutt thithitt kk ccnn llpp llii ngng ddngng aa rara

cccc kktt ququ tttt nhnhtt

35

TruyTruy nhnhpp vv xngxng ssngng (1)(1)

Access

Backbone

6

TruyTruy nhnhpp vv xngxng ssngng (2)(2)

IXC1 POP

IXC2 POP

LECCentralOffice

LocalLoops

IXC1 Backbone

IXC2 BackboneAccess lines to IXCs

To otherLEC COs(often SONET ring)

47

DD trtr

IXC1 POP2

IXC2 POP

LECCentralOffice1

LocalLoops

IXC1 Backbone

IXC2 Backbone

Access lines to IXCs

To otherLEC COs

Your Site

LECCO2

IXC2 POP

8

GiGi titinn truytruy ccpp cccc bb ll ngng kk GiGi titinn truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb tngtng lnln

0.020.040.060.080.0

100.0120.0140.0160.0180.0200.0

83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99

Year

Local ResidentialInterstate Residential

59

VV dd thithitt kk mmngng truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb (1)(1)

600060007711

800080006611

13000130005511

900090004411

11000110003311

12000120002211

BWBWnnTT

40040077

1327132740040066

168916892136213640040055

20242024255125511427142740040044

2714271432433243204420441483148340040033

122512251526152620312031216821682814281440040022

162916292112211266766713281328198519851929192940040011

77665544332211

Lu lng (i xng)(Ch : Site 1 l hub)

Gi thnh (i xng) $ cho lin kt 56kbps

10

SS ddngng vvii nntt ll iimm ttpp trungtrung

$1929

$1985

$1328 $667

$2112

$1629

1526

1225

1929

6671328

1985

1225 1327

1629

1328

1483

667

$9650 $8660 $7659 (OPTIMAL)

1

2

7

6

5

4

3

1

2

7

6

5

4

3

1

2

7

6

5

4

3

VV dd thithitt kk mmngng truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb (2)(2)

611

VV dd thithitt kk mmngng truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb (3)(3) NNuu nhnh lulu llngng tngtng lnln 50%, 50%, linlin kktt (1,4) (1,4) vv (1,7) (1,7) phphii

ggpp ii mm bboo mmcc ss ddngng ll ddii 50%50%

1225 1327

3258

2656

1483

667

$10616

1

2

7

5

4

3

1327

1629

1328667

$8865 (OPTIMAL)

1

2

7

6

5

4

3

6

1929

1985

Ci thin

12

GiGiii phphpp cc thth (1)(1) CyCy ngng ngngnn nhnhtt ((ddngng thuthutt totonn DijkstraDijkstra))

ss ddngng ngng ththpp TTnn kkmm ( dung ( dung llngng bb phph))

CyCy baobao trtrmm nhnh nhnhtt ((ddngng thuthutt totonn KruskalKruskal)) GiGi ththnhnh hihiuu ququ hnhn trtr caocao do do ddii ngng ddii

ThoTho hihipp ((ddngng thuthutt totonn PrimPrim--DijkstraDijkstra)) KKtt ququ tttt hnhn phphcc ttpp ttnhnh totonn caocao hnhn

713

GiGiii phphpp cc thth (2)(2)

TTmm kikimm ththuu oo nhnh ll CayleyCayley: : VVii n n nntt, , cc tttt cc nnnn--22 cycy baobao

trtrmm khkhcc nhaunhau

KhngKhng khkh thithi vvii bbii totonn ththcc tt

PhngPhng ththcc khkhcc? ?

14

MMtt ttcc , , mmtt trungtrung tmtm VV dd bbii totonn chocho 19 19 nntt cc uu nnii vvoo

hub hub LuLu llngng ii nn hohocc tt mmtt nntt ll 1200 bps/1200 bps/nntt,, 4 sites 4 sites cc thth chiachia ss mmtt ngng dydy Dung Dung llngng ccaa linlin kktt ll 9600 bps9600 bps GiGiii hhnn mmcc ss ddngng ll 50% 50% linlin kktt, , ss

ddngng 50%50%

GiGiii thuthutt nnoo ss cc ss ddngng??

815

MMtt ttcc , , mmtt trungtrung tm(2)tm(2)

GiGi titinn thithitt kk hhnhnh saosao $26,358$26,358 ss ddngng ngng 12.5%12.5%

MST MST gigi $18,730$18,730 DDngng ttii 4 4 linlin kktt trongtrong Uses multiple (up to 4) Uses multiple (up to 4)

links on some legslinks on some legs

PrimPrim--DijkstraDijkstra cycy gigi $15,930$15,930 Using Using = 0.3= 0.3 Hundreds of designs testedHundreds of designs tested

16

MMtt ttcc , , mmtt trungtrung tm(3)tm(3)

VVii n n nntt , , cc nnnn--22 cycy baobao trtrmm khkhcc nhaunhau 20201818 = 2.621 * 10= 2.621 * 102323

yy ll mmtt ss khkh llnn

ViVicc chiachia nhnh khngkhng gigipp cc nhinhiuu NhNhmm 4 4 cc thth ththcc hihinn nhinhiuu ccchch (2.546 * 10(2.546 * 101010 ccchch))

ChaCha ccpp nn nhnhmm 3 3 v..vv..v

917

BBii totonn cycy baobao trtrmm ttii thithiuu cc trtrngng ss(CMST)(CMST)

ChoCho NNtt trungtrung tmtm NN00 TTpp cccc nntt khkhcc (N(N11, N, N22, , NNnn)) TTpp cccc trtrngng ss chocho mmii nntt (w(w11, , , , wwnn)) Dung Dung llngng ccaa linlin kktt WW Ma Ma trtrnn gigi ththnhnh Cost(i,jCost(i,j))

TTmm TTpp cccc cycy T1, T1, , , TkTk

Sao Sao chocho: : MMii NNii thuthucc vv mmtt TjTj vv mmii TjTj uu cc chchaa NN00 ThoTho mnmn mmii quanquan hh sausau

>

0,iTii

j

Ww

Trees Linksl

ll endendCost )2,1(min

18

DDngng bbii totonn CMST (1)CMST (1)

Rng bucw1 = 100 W = Dung lng ca (N0, N1)w2 + w3 + w4 = 65 < W = Dung lng ca (N0, N3)

10

19

DDngng bbii totonn CMST (2)CMST (2)

Mc tiu: Ti thiu gi thnh ca cc lin ktGi = C(N0,N1) + C(N0,N3) + C(N2,N3) + C(N3,N4)

20

ThuThutt totonn CMST (1)CMST (1)

1.1. SSpp xxpp cccc ccnhnh theotheo thth tt gigi tngtng ddnn2.2. LLyy ccnhnh cc gigi nhnh nhnhtt khkhii danhdanh sschch sspp xxpp3.3. ThmThm ccnhnh vvoo cycy kktt ququ nnuu nhnh ccnhnh nnyy

khngkhng nnii haihai nntt nnii rrii hohocc thmthm ccnhnh nnyyvvoo khngkhng vvtt ququ gigiii hhnn dung dung llngng. Quay . Quay trtrllii bbcc 22

11

21

ThuThutt totonn CMST (2)CMST (2)GiGi ss W=3, W=3, mmii nntt cc wiwi=1, =1, vv ccuu

hhnhnh mmngng sausau ::

KhngKhng chchnn(( nnii rrii))

88(2,3)(2,3)

--1515(0,5)(0,5)--1212(2,5)(2,5)

ChChnn1212(0,4)(0,4)BB WiWi > 3> 31010(1,5)(1,5)


99(0,3)(0,3)BB WiWi > 3> 388(1,4)(1,4)

ChChnn77(4,5)(4,5)BB WiWi > 3> 366(3,5)(3,5)BB WiWi > 3> 366(3.4)(3.4)


66(0,2)(0,2)BB WiWi > 3> 355(2,4)(2,4)

ChChnn55(0,1)(0,1)ChChnn44(1,2)(1,2)ChChnn33(1,3)(1,3)

QuyQuytt nhnhGiGiCCnhnh

0

1

2

3

4

5

3

5

6

7

10

126

5

1512

9

8

8

4

6

22

GiGiii thuthutt EsauEsau--Williams (1)Williams (1) EsauEsau--Williams Williams ttoo rara cycy baobao trtrmm cc trtrngng

ss (CMST)(CMST) SS ddngng hhmm thotho hihipp XyXy ddngng nhnhngng cycy tttt

12

23

GiGiii thuthutt EsauEsau--Williams (2)Williams (2) MMii cycy bbtt uu tt mmtt nntt TTnhnh hhmm thotho hihipp chocho mmii nntt

ThoTho hihipp(N(Nii) = ) = minminjj[Cost(N[Cost(Nii,N,Njj)] )] Cost Cost (Comp(N(Comp(Nii),N),N00))

NNuu thotho hihipp ll mm, , vivicc ghghpp llii ll cc llii CCngng gigi trtr mm ccngng cc llii

ViVicc ghghpp chch cc phphpp nnuu nhnhW(Comp(NW(Comp(Nii)) +)) +W(Comp(NW(Comp(Njj)) ))

13

25

NhNhnn xxtt vv gigiii thuthutt EE--WW

ThoTho hihipp kktt hhpp haihai ththnhnh phphnn A A vv B B ttnhnhcc vivicc tititt kikimm bbngng ccchch ii qua qua nntt hhngng xxmmthaythay vv ii nn nntt trungtrung tmtm

GiGiii thuthutt kktt ththcc khikhi tttt cc cccc thotho hihipp uu lldngdng hay hay danhdanh sachsach cc thth kktt hhpp hhtt

GiGiii thuthutt heuristic heuristic khngkhng mm bboo chocho kktt ququ ttiiuu

mm bboo rrngng cycy thotho mnmn rrngng bubucc dung dung llngng

26

VV dd EsauEsau--William (1)William (1)

W=3, W=3, mmii nntt cc wiwi=1=1

thotho hihip(1)=p(1)=minminjj Cost(N1,NJ)Cost(N1,NJ)-- Cost(Comp(N1),trung Cost(Comp(N1),trung tmtm))==minminjj Cost(N1,N3) Cost(N1,N3) --5 ( 5 ( vv Comp(N1) Comp(N1) cc chchaa N1N1))=3=3--5= 5= --2 (2 (vv nntt hhngng xxmm ggnn nhnhtt ll N3N3))

thotho hihip(2)=4p(2)=4--6= 6= --22

thotho hihip(3)=3p(3)=3--9= 9= --66

thotho hihip(4)=5p(4)=5--12= 12= --77

thotho hihip(5)=6p(5)=6--15= 15= --99

thotho hihip(5) p(5) ll nhnh nhnhtt

ChChpp nhnhnn linlin kktt (5,3) (5,3) chocho gigiii phphpp

vv thotho mnmn rrngng bubucc trtrngng ss trongtrong

ththnhnh phphnn vvii nntt 5 5 vv 3.3.WiWi=W=W55+W+W33=2

14

27

VV dd EsauEsau--William (2)William (2)

CCpp nhnhtt thotho hihip(5)=7p(5)=7--9= 9= --22vv LinLin kktt ngngnn nhnhtt tt 5 5 ll (5,4), (5,4), (Comp(5)=9,n(Comp(5)=9,nt 5 t 5 thngthng qua qua nntt 3 3 nn trungtrung tmtm))

thotho hihip(3)=3p(3)=3--9= 9= --66

thotho hihip(1)=3p(1)=3--5= 5= --22

thotho hihip(2)=4p(2)=4--6= 6= --22

thotho hihip(4)=5p(4)=5--12= 12= --77

LLyy thotho hihip(4) p(4) nhnh nhnhtt

ChChpp nhnhnn linlin kktt (4,2) (4,2) vv thotho mnmn rrngng bubucctrtrngng ss WW44+W+W22=2

15

29

VV dd EsauEsau--William (4)William (4) VV nntt 5 5 vv 3 3 ii qua qua nntt 1 1 nn trungtrung tmtm

CCpp nhnhtt thotho hihip(5)=7p(5)=7--5=25=2

CCpp nhnhtt thotho hihip(3)=6p(3)=6--5= 15= 1

thotho hihip(1)=4p(1)=4--5= 5= --11

thotho hihip(2)=4p(2)=4--6= 6= --22

thotho hihip(4)=6p(4)=6--6=06=0

thotho hihip(2) p(2) ll nhnh nhnhtt nhngnhng

thmthm linlin kktt (2,1) (2,1) ss ttoo ththnhnh phphnn vvii 5 5 nntt vi vi phphmmrrngng bubucc wiwi W.

TTpp titipp theotheo ss bbtt uu vvii nntt nnyy. .

4.4. ThiThitt kk ll kktt ththcc khikhi xyxy ddngng cycy MST MST trongtrongmmii ttpp vv uu cc thmthm nntt trungtrung tmtm C.C.

16

31

NhNhnn xxtt gigiii thuthutt SharmaSharma

BB : : NNuu cccc ggcc ll khkhcc bibitt vv hhmm gigiththnhnh ll nn vv oo tuytuynn ttnhnh, , gigiii thuthuttSharma Sharma ttoo cccc cycy CMST CMST khngkhng cctt nhaunhauvvii iiuu kikinn ll cccc ggcc trungtrung tmtm nhnh hnhn

Sharma so Sharma so vvii EE--WW

EE--W W chocho kktt ququ tttt hnhn trongtrong phphnn llnntrtrngng hhpp

32

VV dd Sharma (1)Sharma (1)

2

10

3

4011

6

18

13

5

1

1912

14

9

15

7

16

8 17

0011114433

10102277

151599

12121414191911885566

181813131717

SSpp xxpp cccc ggcc

17

33

VV dd Sharma (2)Sharma (2)

Cost= $16021 Cost= $16021

S1S1 = N17 = N17

34

NhiNhiuu ttcc linlin kktt (1)(1)

TrongTrong ththcc tt, , cc rrtt nhinhiuu ngng khkhcc nhaunhau chchnn llaa DS0 @ 64kbpsDS0 @ 64kbps

N x DS0N x DS0

T1 @1.5 MbpsT1 @1.5 Mbps

T3 @ 45 MbpsT3 @ 45 Mbps

v..vv..v

18

35

NhiNhiuu ttcc linlin kktt (2)(2)

DD nhinnhin ll chchngng tata mumunn cycy truytruy nhnhpp ssss ddngng ttcc caocao ggnn ggcc vv ttcc ththppnn cccc ccnhnh

Gc

36

BBii totonn CMST CMST aa ttcc (1)(1)

ChoCho:: TTpp cccc nntt NN00, N, N11, , , , NNnn TTpp cccc trtrngng ss chocho mmii nntt (w(w11, , , , wnwn) )

TTpp cccc loloii ngng LL11, L, L22, , , L, Lmm Dung Dung llngng WW11, W, W22, , , W, Wmm Ma Ma trtrnn gigi ththnhnh C(i,j,kC(i,j,k) ) chocho gigi ccaa linlin ktkt loloii

LLkk gigiaa NNii vv NNjj

19

37

BBii totonn CMST CMST aa ttcc (2)(2)

TTmm cycy cc ggcc ttii NN00 vvii nn nhnh linlin kktt saosaochocho

concon chchu(Nu(N)) w(i) < w(i) < WWLink(NLink(N, , pred(Npred(N))))

VV LinksLinksc(end1c(end1LL, end2, end2LL, , typetypeLL) ) ll nhnh nhnhtt

38

GiGiii thuthutt MSLA (MultiMSLA (Multi--speed Local Accessspeed Local Access

1.1. nn nhnh mmii nntt, , linlin kktt nhnh nhnhtt ll nnii nn nnnntt trungtrung tmtm..

2.2. VVii mmii nntt, , ttnhnh dung dung llngng cncn rrii (n) = (n) = WWll wwnnvv tt pred(npred(n)=0 )=0

3.3. TTnhnh totonn thotho hihipp chocho nntt nn-- llii chch ccaa vivicc nniinntt n n vvii i i thaythay vv nnii vvii nntt trungtrung tmtm ((tngtng ttnhnh EE--W) W)

thotho hihippnn(i(i) = c(n,i,L) + Upgrade (i, ) = c(n,i,L) + Upgrade (i, wwnn) ) c(n,0,L)c(n,0,L) thotho hihipp (n)=min(n)=minkk thotho hihippnn(k(k) )

HHmm CCpp nhnhtt Upgrade() Upgrade() ttnhnh gigi ththnhnh thmthm vvoo thmthm wwnn nn vv chocho linlin kktt nnii i i vv 0 0 bbngngccchch ii ngngcc llii hhmm titinn bbii

4.4. ThmThm ccnhnh nn khikhi nnoo thotho hihipp nhnh hnhn hohoccbbngng 00

5.5. XyXy ddngng cycy vv nn nhnh loloii linlin kktt trntrn mmii ccnhnh

20

39

GiGiii thuthutt MLSA: MLSA: VV dd (1)(1)

ThiThitt kk ccuu hhnhnh linlin thngthng nnii nntt 1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4 ttiinntt trungtrung tmtm 00

TrTrngng ss vv cccc loloii linlin kktt

40


GiGi linlin kktt

21

41


TrTrngng ththii bbtt uu

42


XemXem xxtt uu nnii 4 4 thngthng qua 3qua 3

22

43


VV nnii 4 4 thngthng qua 2qua 2

44


thotho hihipp44(3) = (3) = CC( 4,3,0 ) + Upgrade( 3,0 ) ( 4,3,0 ) + Upgrade( 3,0 ) CC(4,0,0 ) = 4 (4,0,0 ) = 4 + 0 + 0 -- 7 = 7 = --3. 3.

KhngKhng ccnn ccpp nhnhtt linlin kktt (3,0)(3,0) thotho hihipp44(2) = (2) = CC( 4,2,0 ) + Upgrade( 2,0 ) ( 4,2,0 ) + Upgrade( 2,0 ) CC(4,0,0 )= 6 (4,0,0 )= 6

+ 8 + 8 -- 7 = +7 7 = +7 CCnn ccpp nhnhtt linlin kktt (2,0) (2,0) tt loloii 0 (4.8K) sang 0 (4.8K) sang loloii 1 (28K)1 (28K) Upgrade(2,0) = Upgrade(2,0) = CC(2,0,1) (2,0,1) -- CC(2,0,0) = 15 (2,0,0) = 15 -- 7 = 87 = 8

thotho hihipp44(1) = (1) = --1 1 TTtt nhngnhng khngkhng tttt bbngng nnii thngthngqua qua nntt 33

23

45


KKtt ququ cucuii ccngng

46

ThiThitt kk truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb nhinhiuu trungtrung tmtm

iiuu gg ss xxyy rara nnuu nhnh cc nhinhiuutrungtrung tmtm?? PhPhii xyxy ddngng rrngng thaythay vv cycy

nhnh nghnghaa : : RRngng F = ( V,E ) F = ( V,E ) ll thth nn khngkhng cc chuchu trtrnhnh..

ChCh : : RRngng khngkhng ccnn thithitt phphii linlinthngthng

24

47

MMtt ss kk hihiuu::

TTpp cccc site site xngxng ssngng (B(B00, , , , BBmm) = B) = B

TTpp cccc nntt truytruy nhnhpp (N(N11, , , , NNnn) = N) = N

TTpp cccc trtrngng ss chocho mmii nntt truytruy ccpp (w(w11,,,,wwnn))

NgNgngng trntrn ccaa trtrngng ss, W., W.

Ma Ma trtrnn gigi ththnhnh Cost(i,j) Cost(i,j) chocho gigi gigiaa cccc ccpp site site xngxng ssng/truyng/truy ccpp..

48

BBii totonn truytruy nhnhpp cccc bb aa trungtrung tmtm(MCLA)(MCLA)

TTmm ttpp cccc cycy TT11, , , , TTkk saosao chocho

(1)(1) MMii cycy cc ngng mmtt site site backbonebackbone

(2)(2)

(3)(3)

Wwji TN

i

25

49

NhNhnn xxtt BBii totonn phphcc ttpp hnhn nhinhiuu so so vvii bbii totonn

mmtt trungtrung tmtm

GiGi ss chchngng tata cc n n nntt truytruy ccpp vv chchngng tatamumunn chiachia rara ll 03 03 ttpp. . SS ccchch chiachia cc thth ll

TToo rara 3 3 bbii totonn CMST CMST cc thth cc gigiiibbngng gigiii thuthutt EsauEsau--WilliamsWilliams

n

k

kn

kn

2

50

EsauEsau--Williams Williams HHngng xxmm ggnn nhnhtt(NNEW)(NNEW)

VVii mmii b b thuthucc B, B, llyy SSbb={ n={ nN | Cost(n,b) < N | Cost(n,b) < Cost(n,bCost(n,b) ) bbB}B}NNuu n n cc khokhongng ccchch nhaunhau gigiaa mmtt vvii nnttbackbone, backbone, thmthm n n vvoo mmtt SSbb mmtt ccchch ngnguu nhinnhin

DDngng EsauEsau--WilliamsWilliams xyxy ddngng CMST CMST chocho mmii ttppbbSSbb..

26

51

VV dd NNEW (1)NNEW (1) Gi s

Cu hnh nh c v ti slide tip 3 nt backbones, B = { 9, 10, 11 } 9 nt truy nhp N = { 0, 1, , 8 }

Trng s mi nt bng 1 tr nt 4 v 5 c trng s bng 2 Hm gi thnh C( i, j ) c tnh bng khong cch vt l

gia nt i v j Dung lng ca lin kt l W = 3

Cc bc Chia ra thnh ba tp nt Dng EW tm MST dung lng cho mi tp

52

VV dd NNEW (2)NNEW (2)

BBcc 1: 1: XXcc nhnh ttpp ddaa trntrn vivicc ttnhnh nnttlnln ccnn ggnn nhnhtt

V d : Xt nt 3C(3,9) = 2

C(3,10) = 3C(3,11) = 4

S9 = { 3 }

27

53

VV dd NNEW (3)NNEW (3)Bc 2: Xy dng tm MST dung lng (dng EW)

54

VV dd ttii saosao NNEW NNEW khngkhng hihiuu qqaa

2

1

10

6

9

7

5

4

38Nt 8 gn 1 hn 2Nhng d nht tibackbone la qua 2 tnt 9

Bi hc: V tr ca cc nt truynhp khc khng th b qua

28

55

EsauEsau--Williams Williams aa trungtrung tm(MCEWtm(MCEW)) PhPhtt tritrinn bbii KerschenbaumKerschenbaum and Chou and Chou

(1974)(1974)

ThayThay ii hhmm thotho hihipp

56

MCEW (2)MCEW (2)

TrongTrong EW, EW, HHmm thotho hihipp TrTr() () ll

Tr(NTr(Nii) = ) = minminjj[Cost(N[Cost(Nii,N,Njj)] )] Cost (Comp(NCost (Comp(Nii),N),N00))

TTnhnh gigi titinn cccc linlin kktt ttii nntt hhmm xxmm so so vviigigi ii ttii nntt trungtrung tmtm

MCEW MCEW HHmm rrngng bubuccTr(NTr(Nii) = ) = minminjjCost(NCost(Nii,N,Njj) ) dist(Comp(Ndist(Comp(Nii), ), Center(NCenter(Njj))))

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MCEW (3)MCEW (3)

Ban Ban uu, , ttpp Center(NCenter(Nii) ) ttii trungtrung tmtm ggnnnhnhtt

NNuu kktt hhpp NNii vvii NNjj, , nngnng ccpp Center(NCenter(Nii) = ) = Center(NCenter(Njj))

ChCh : : HHmm thotho hihipp kktt hhpp gigi titinn vvhhmm khokhongng ccchch

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MCEW (4)MCEW (4)

MCEW MCEW chocho kktt ququ tttt hnhn NNEW NNEW nhngnhng llii gigi ththnhnh khkh nhnh

< 1% < 1% chocho ss llngng site site llnn

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ThThcc tt

BBii totonn ththcc tt ththngng cc nhinhiuu rrngng bubucckhkhcc GiGiii hhnn ss nntt trntrn cycy truytruy nhnhpp

GiGiii hhnn ss bbcc nhnhyy

GiGiii hhnn ss kktt nnii nntt

NhNhngng linlin kktt hay hay nntt khngkhng tin tin ccyy

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CCii thithinn thithitt kk mmngng cccc bb

ThiThitt kk mmngng truytruy nhnhpp cncn cc mmtt ss thithiuusstt NhNhnhnh cc ququ nhinhiuu nntt

CyCy truytruy nhnhpp cc ququ nhinhiuu bbcc nhnhyy

v..vv..v

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NhNhnhnh cc ququ nhinhiuu nntt

EW EW kikimm tratra nnuukktt hhpp trtrngng sskhngkhng vvtt ququngngngng

CCchch gigiii quyquytt: : KhngKhng chocho phphppghghpp haihai ththnhnhphphnn mm vvtt ququgigiii hhnn vv ss nntt

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CyCy truytruy nhnhpp cc ququ nhinhiuu bbcc nhnhyy

CCchch gigiii quyquytt: : GiGiiihhnn susu ccaa cycyxyxy ddngng bbii EWEW

MMii nntt cc mmtt gigi trtr susu

Ban Ban uu gigi trtr thithittllpp bbngng 11. . CCpp nhnhttgigi trtr susu khikhi nhnhghghpp cccc ththnhnh phphnn; ; so so ssnhnh vvii mmccngngngng

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NNtt cc ququ nhinhiuu linlin kktt

CCchch gigiii quyquytt: : GiGiiihhnn bbcc ccaa nntt

Ban Ban uu gigi trtr thithittllpp bbngng 11. . CCpp nhnhttgigi trtr khikhi nhnh ghghppcccc ththnhnh phphnn; ; khkhngng chchpp nhnhnnghghpp nnuu nhnh vvttmmcc ngngngng

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NNtt trungtrung tmtm cc ququ nhinhiuu linlin kktt (1) (1)

CCchch gigiii quyquytt: : ThayThay ii gigiii thuthuttEW, EW, thmthm mmttthngthng ss thaythayii hhmm thotho hihipp. .

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NNtt trungtrung tmtm cc ququ nhinhiuu linlin kktt (2) (2)

GiGi ss cc mmtt nntt trungtrung tmtm vv EW EW ttoo raracycy vvii ququ nhinhiuu linlin kktt nn nntt trungtrung tmtm..

KhuyKhuynn khkhchch vivicc ghghpp bbngng ccchch thaythay iihhmm thotho hihipp Tradeoff( Nj, Nk ) = Cost( Nj, Nk ) - Cost(

Comp(Nj), Center(Nj) ) Dng > 1 Vic la chn gi tr s quyt nh bc ca nt

trung tm

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