TBI awareness

8/3/2019 TBI awareness

1/20

TraumaticBrain

I njury

Saurabh Bhalla

M.O.T,

Department Of Occupational Therapy

I.S.I.C Institute of Rehabilitation


2/20

I njury What all this presentation all about. At end of this presentation focused

audience will

Know about brain and its functions.

Know what is Traumatic Brain Injury or whatwe call T.B.I.

Be able to acknowledge the causative factors.

Be able to understand what happens when TBI

occurs Be able to understand the treatment strategies

Learn the preventive strategies for T.B.I.


3/20

Human Brain

The brain is the mostimportant organ in the body.

The brain is inside your skull.The skull is made of bone. Itprotects the brain from mildblows to the head.

The part of the central nervoussystem enclosed in the

cranium, consisting of a soft,convoluted mass of gray andwhite matter and serving tocontrol and coordinate themental and physical actions.


4/20

The brain has the consistencyof gelatin. It floats inside theskull in a special fluid calledcerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thisfluid acts as a shock absorber,

protecting the brain fromblows to the skull.

The brain is protected by theskull and is covered by 3 layersof tissue. The thickest and outermost

layer is known as the "dura."These membranes protect thebrain and keep thecerebrospinal fluid fromleaking to the outside.


5/20

The brain has two main parts, called the left and the right hemispheres. Each

hemisphere has specialized areas for movement, thinking, sensations, and feelings

If you injure your brain, different functions can be affected.


6/20

Functions of Brain


7/20

What is it?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a formof acquired brain injury, occurs when asudden trauma causes damage to thebrain.

TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe.A mild traumatic brain injury maycause confusion and headache, andmost people recover from it. A severetraumatic brain injury can causedisability or death.

A severe traumatic brain injury mayhappen even if the head does notcome in contact with a hard object.


8/20

What Causes T.B.I

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT

Falls

Violence Sports

Firearms

Recreation


9/20

More on T.B.I

TBI is most common amongmale teens and young adultsages 15 to 24, and amongelderly people of both sexes75 years and older.

In young people, the majorcause is motor vehicleaccidents. For those 75 andolder, falls cause the majorityof TBIs.

Babies can get severe brain

injury if they are violentlyshaken either because of childabuse or playing rough.Shaken baby syndrome is atraumatic brain injury.


10/20

What are the possible effects of T.B.I

In accidents where thehead is suddenly andviolently shaken, the brainmay move and may evenhit the skull. Even if the

brain does not hit the skull,the sudden movement ofthe brain can cause injury.

This is known as shearinginjury. It is as if the brain

tissue tears from the inside. This may cause bruising

and swelling known ascontusions.


11/20

Effects of T.B.I

Brain swelling starts at the time of the injury

If an object goes through the skull and enters the dura,this may lead to a bacterial infection known asmeningitis

The blood vessels of the brain can get hurt easily duringa head injury.

Bleeding, swelling, and pressure inside the brain can alsocause less blood to flow to the brain.

A sudden and violent trauma to the head can causeinjury and shearing to the axons. This type of injury isknown as diffuse axonal injury or DAI


12/20

Are there Types of T.B.I

T.B.I

On basis ofFracture

Open Close

On basis ofTime atwhich they happen

Primary Secondary

On basis of

Severity

Mild Moderate Severe


13/20

What can I expect with T.B.I

A TBI can be mild or very severe depending on the extent of the brain

injury.

Severe traumatic brain injuries can result in:

Coma is a category of severe TBI where the patient is in a state of unconsciousness from

which he or she cannot be awakened. That may last days, weeks, or months.

In a person with a moderate TBI,

the person loses consciousness from a few minutes to a few hours.

The person may be confused from days to weeks.

Changes in the persons ability to move or to think lasts months and can be permanent.

In a person with a mild TBI,

The person may or may not lose consciousness.

It lasts from a few seconds to minutes. The person is dazed and confused.

A concussion may happen after a fall at home or during a tackle at a football game.


14/20

Some of the common symptoms after

T.B.I Headache,

Confusion,

Lightheadedness,

Dizziness,

Blurred vision or tired eyes,

Ringing in the ears, Bad taste in the mouth,

Fatigue or lethargy,

Sleep disturbances, and

Behavioral or mood changes.

Memory,

Concentration,

Attention, or

Thinking.


15/20

What T.B.I may leave Behind

Cognitive

disabilities

Personality changes

Sensory problems

Headaches

Seizures Disability


16/20

When to seek an advice from Doc.

Always get the victim checked by a doctor to be on the safe side. Seekemergency medical care if symptoms include: Convulsions

Weakness or numbness in the hands or legs

Slurred speech

Repeated vomiting

Signs of brain hematoma include Headache

Fatigue

sleep disturbances

Weakness Nausea

Vomiting

irritability.


17/20

Investigations

A Doctor may immediately opt for

CT scan and/or

MRI scan


18/20

Treatment


19/20


20/20

Documents

TBI awareness