TB 9-1000-262-DT

TECHNICAL BULLETIN TB 9-1000-262-DT

Operation Desert Thunder *Supersedes copies dated 1 August 1998. See page i for details

Materiel Readiness: AMMUNITION

and ARMAMENT GENERAL

INFORMATION 1-1

AMMUNITION 2-1

ARMAMENT 3-1

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors. This publication is required for administration and operational purposes as determined on 21 November 1990. Other requests for this document will be referred to: ATTN: AMSTA-LC-CIP-W, TACOM-Rock Island, 1 Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, IL 61299-7630. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

HQ, Department of the Army

20 May 2003

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A/(B blank)

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original.................................. 0 ............................................. 20 May 2003

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 184, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page No.

*Change No.

Front Cover 0 A 0 B Blank 0 i – iii 0 iv Blank 0 1-1 – 1-3 0 1-4 Blank 0

Page No.

*Change No.

2-1 – 2-33 0 2-34 Blank 0 3-1 – 3-82 0 A-1 – A-7 0 A-8 Blank 0 B-1 – B-44 0 Back Cover 0

*TB 9-1000-262-DT Technical Bulletin No. 9-1000-262-DT

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 20 May 2003

OPERATION DESERT THUNDER MATERIEL READINESS: AMMUNITION,

AND ARMAMENT REPORTING OF ERRORS

You can help improve this publication. If you find any mistakes or if you know of a way to improve the procedures, please let us know. Submit your DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms), through the Internet, on the Army Electronic Product Support (AEPS) website. The Internet address is http://aeps.ria.army.mil. If you need a password, scroll down and click on "ACCESS REQUEST FORM". The DA Form 2028 is located in the ONLINE FORMS PROCESSING section of the AEPS. Fill out the form and click on SUBMIT. Using this form on the AEPS will enable us to respond quicker to your comments and better manage the DA Form 2028 program. You may also mail, fax or E-mail your letter or DA Form 2028 direct to: AMSTA-LC-CI Tech Pubs, TACOM-RI, 1 Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, IL 61299-7630. The e-mail address is [email protected]. The fax number is DSN 793-0726 or Commercial (309) 782-0726.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors. This publication is required for administrative and operational purposes as determined on 21 November 1990. Other requests for this document will be referred to AMSTA-LC-CI Tech Pubs, TACOM-RI, 1 Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, IL 61299-7630. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. * This publication supersedes TB 9-1000-262-DT dated 1 August 1998.

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ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Chapter 1. General Information ...................................................................1-1 Section I. Application....................................................................................1-1 Section II. General Information......................................................................1-1

Chapter 2. Ammunition ................................................................................2-1 Section I. Small Arms Ammunition ...............................................................2-2 Section II. Tank Ammunition .........................................................................2-7 Section III. Artillery Ammunition .....................................................................2-9 Section IV. Mortar Ammunition .....................................................................2-12 Section V. Fuzes ......................................................................................... 2-14 Section VI. Land Mines................................................................................. 2-15 Section VII. Missiles ...................................................................................... 2-15 Section VIII. Materiel Movement, Handling, and Storage ............................... 2-17 Section IX. Construction of Ammunition Storage.......................................... 2-30

Chapter 3. Armament ...................................................................................3-1 Section I. General Maintenance and Support Equipment ............................3-1 Section II. Small Caliber (5.56 MM to 40 MM)...............................................3-9 Section III. Mortars ....................................................................................... 3-31 Section IV. Recoilless Rifles.........................................................................3-32 Section V. Fire Control ................................................................................3-33 Section VI. Artillery ....................................................................................... 3-36 Section VII. Light Combat Vehicles ...............................................................3-52

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Section VIII. Tanks ......................................................................................... 3-67 Section IX. Air Defense ................................................................................ 3-80 Section X. Aircraft Armament ......................................................................3-81

Appendix A. References................................................................................. A-1

Appendix B. Ammunition Projectile/Fuze/Prop Charge Cross Reference ........................................................ B-1

Ammunition Do’s/Don’tsfor ODT Conditions ................................................... Back Cover

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CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Section I. APPLICATION

1-1. Purpose. This handbook is for use by U.S. military personnel serving in severe, hot desert environment. Its purpose is to identify ammunition and armament limitations in the severe environment and to provide ways to compensate for those limitations to improve safety, reliability, and long-term effectiveness. Chemical Defense Equipment information, formerly in this TB, is now found in TB 3-6850-001-10-HW. The following recommendations are protective measures to minimize the damaging effects of handling, high temperature, high humidity, sand and dust, and storage.

Section Il. GENERAL INFORMATION

WARNING

1-1

Avoid expended Depleted Uranium (DU) rounds and any vehicles or tanks hit by DU rounds. DU is primarily an internal health concern if it is breathed in. It is not an immediate health concern if it remains outside the body. It is important to protect yourself in a DU environment and avoid inhalation, ingestion or injection of DU particulates or oxides. You can limit or even eliminate the potential of taking DU into your body by rolling down sleeves, blousing your boots and using respiratory protection when in any immediate area where armor impact involving DU or fires involving DU munitions may have

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occurred. Remain upwind of the area as much as possible and use appropriate respiratory protection where possible to filter out any DU dust. If it is necessary to approach the area, limit your time in the immediate area, dust off clothing upon leaving before removing your respiratory protection, and take care to wash all exposed areas of skin as soon as possible. Dispose of contaminated clothing in accordance with AR 11-9. For any vehicles or tanks that have been hit in combat by DU munitions or burned while DU rounds were uploaded, or damaged in accidents refer to TB 9-1300-278, “Guidelines for Safe Response to Handling, Storage, and Transportation Accidents involving Army Tank Munitions or Armor that Contains Depleted Uranium.” To recover any vehicles that have been hit in combat or burned with DU rounds uploaded, contact your chain of command in accordance with AR 700-48.

1-2. High Temperature and Solar Radiation. Weather conditions in the SWA (South West Asia) geographic area are among the most severe in the world, with a combination of extremely high temperatures and high levels of solar radiation, References to air temperatures are ambient (shaded air) temperatures only. Solar radiation will make the temperature significantly higher on the inside of your equipment. Remember--interior air temperatures of materiel can never be lower than ambient air temperatures; they will always be higher.

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WARNING Because these conditions increase risk of heat stress, which impair performance and lead to injury, drink lots of water and work and rest in the shade when possible. Follow instructions in FM 21-11.

Prolonged exposure to bright sunlight produces very hot surfaces which will burn flesh on contact. Wear gloves and additional clothing as required.

1-3. Emergency Data.

a. For emergency guidance on operation and maintenance of armament, contact the appropriate LAR which you can identify at http://aeps.ria.army.mil/lap/laomap.cfm. This brings you to The AMC Logistics Assistance Office Locator, which provides an e-mail address to send your comments or questions.

b. For emergency guidance on handling, shipping, or storing of ammunition, contact the Quality Assurance Specialist (Ammunition Surveillance) (QASAS) in charge.

Comm: 918-420-8925 DSN: 956-8925 E-mail: [email protected]

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CHAPTER 2. AMMUNITION

WARNING The temperature of ammunition stored uncovered may exceed the normal temperature storage limit of 160 °F. This ammunition is safe to fire once it has cooled to within recommended firing temperature limits; however, there will be a higher dud rate and lower reliability. This can lead to injuries to personnel.

Ammunition stored in a protected (covered and properly ventilated) area should not exceed 125 °F. This should assure the ammunition’s inherent high reliability. This will help prevent injuries to personnel.

Ammunition which fails to fire will be disposed of by authorized procedures.

NOTE See appendix B for cross referenced lists of cartridges, fuzes, and propelling charges.

To avoid excess temperature buildup, cover ammunition with tarps. If tarps are not available, substitute one layer of empty wooden or metal containers, pallet bases, sandbags, etc. Use available materials to block direct sun rays and help reduce ammunition storage temperature. (See section VIII for more complete storage guidance.)

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Section I. SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION 2-1. General. Sand and dust cause persistent problems with small caliber systems (5.56mm to 40mm). It is Important that weapons are maintained (cleaned and lubricated) much more frequently than under normal conditions. “Bright Star” exercise experience shows that cleaning and lubrication were required twice as often as routine weapon maintenance. To avoid attracting grit and sand, wipe off all excess lubricants with a clean, dry cloth.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Keep small arms ammunition in closed metal containers and out of the direct rays of the sun as much as practical. If powder is hot, excessive pressure may be developed when the weapon is fired.

Protect ammunition from mud, sand, and water. If the ammunition gets wet or dirty, wipe it off at once with a clean, dry rag (NSN 7920-00-205-1711). Wipe off light corrosion as soon as it is discovered. Turn in heavily corroded cartridges.

Clean ammunition, ammunition cans, and magazines with a clean, dry rag.

Ammunition cans which have been opened and weapon magazines exposed to dirt, dust, and sand should be unloaded and wiped off daily.

e. Do not lubricate ammunition, ammunition cans, or magazines. Dust and other abrasives that collect on greasy ammunition may cause damage to the operating parts of the machine gun. Moreover, oiled cartridges produce excessive chamber pressure.

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f.

g.

h.

i.

Save all inner and outer small arms ammunition packing material for repackaging turned-in ammunition.

Check small arms ammunition, ammunition cans, or magazines frequently and clean as necessary with a soft, dry cloth, Do not lubricate ammunition.

Wear protective leather or cotton gloves when handling olive drab painted small arms ammunition metal containers.

Do not fire dented cartridges, cartridges with loose bullets, or otherwise defective rounds.

2-2. M16 Series Rifle/M4 Series Carbine.

WARNING For proper functioning of your M16 series rifle/M4 series carbine magazine in a hot dry climate, keep the magazine and ammunition clean and free from lubricant. Sand and dust will adhere to the lubricant and possibly cause feeder problems. This could cause injury or death to personnel.

a. The new M16A2 rifle uses M855/M856 (DODIC A059/A063) ammunition. The M16A1 uses M193/M196 (DODIC A071/A068) ammunition.

(1) Even though M16A1 (M193/M196) ammunition fits the M16A2 rifle, effective range is reduced approximately 16 percent.

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(2) Do not use M16A2 (M855/M856) ammunition in the M16A1 rifle. M16A2 ammunition is extremely inaccurate when fired in the M16A1. The projectile will start to tumble within a very short distance.

b. For quick confirmation that you have the correct ammunition for your weapon, check the color code of the bullet against this chart.

WEAPON

TYPE OF AMMUNITION

BULLET TIP COLOR CODE

M16A1 M16A1 M16A2 M16A2

M193 Ball M196 Tracer M855 Ball M856 Tracer

None Red Green Red

2-3. 7.62MM Ammunition.

a. Protect ammunition from mud, sand, and water. If the ammunition gets wet or dirty, wipe it off at once with a clean, dry rag (NSN 7920-00-205-1711). Wipe off light corrosion as soon as it is discovered. Turn in heavily corroded cartridges.

b. Do not expose ammunition to direct rays of the sun. If the powder is hot, excessive pressure may be developed when the weapon is fired.

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c. Do not oil or grease ammunition. Dust and other abrasives that collect on greasy ammunition may cause damage to the operating parts of the machine gun. Moreover, oiled cartridges produce excessive chamber pressure.

d. Do not fire dented cartridges, cartridges with loose bullets, or otherwise defective rounds.

2-4. M249, 5.56 Machine Gun (SAW). A potential safety problem exists when sand or light grit gets between the top cover and indicator flag. Remove cartridge indicator flag from the weapon prior to using in a sandy/dusty environment.

2-5. Cal .50 Machine Guns. Use correct ammunition links with cal .50 machine guns. The M2/M3 machine gun requires M2/M9 inks. The M85 machine gun requires M15A2 links.

2-6. 30MM Aluminum-Cased M788 TP and M789 HEDP. Assure ammunition in storage or during operation is exposed to direct sunlight as little as possible. Assure strict adherence to lubrication/maintenance schedule of the ammo feed system. Excess lubrication can cause problems of gun jamming, case failure, and burn through. Inspect and replace bolts and breeches that exhibit cracking at the base lug.

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� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2-7. MK19, 40MM Grenade Machine Gun (GMG).

a.

b.

The only HE rounds to be fired from the MK19 are those with DODIC B542 or the unrestricted B571.

Misaligned ammo links are caused during ammo separation when twisting the ammo belt in preparation for loading the MK19. After ammo belt has been separated, ensure ammo links are aligned evenly and touching the copper band on both sides of ammo when loading.

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Section II. TANK AMMUNITION DEPLETED URANIUM (DU)

WARNING

The 25mm, M919, the 105mm, M900, and the 120mm, M829, series ammunition rounds use a depleted uranium (DU) penetrator. DU emits low levels of radiation. Wear gloves when handling these rounds.

Wash hands before eating or touching your face. If DU corrosion (yellow or white powder or stain) is visible on the surface of the round, dispose of gloves in accordance with AR 11-9.

2-8. General. Give the same protection for tank ammunition in storage as for propelling charges identified in section III and for ammunition general storage identified in section VIII.

a. Park uploaded tanks in shaded areas when possible. b. Do not fire any cartridge having loose projectiles. Turn these rounds into the

Ammunition Supply Point (ASP).

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WARNING Protect electrically initiated cartridge from static electricity. The combination of low humidity and blowing sand greatly increases the potential for static electricity generation and discharge. Use grounding cables when available on vehicles. This is done to prevent damage to equipment and injury to personnel.

105MM APFSDS-T-M900. Do not fire from any tank other than M1A1/M1A2 tanks with forged breech only. A safety hazard can result otherwise which can cause injury to personnel and damage to equipment. Breech serial number must be greater than 4803. Disregard initial delivery container marking “not for use in breechblock below serial number 6000.”

2-9. M1A1/M1A2 Abrams Tanks.

a. Do not fire any 120mm ammunition cartridge with significant damage (including water damage) to the combustible case, case base, or projectile. Firing unserviceable rounds may present a safety hazard. You should obtain the specific inspection criteria in TM 9-2350-264-10-2, TM 9-2350-288-10-2 or from your local QASAS or TACOM-RI LAR (see para 1-3).

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b. Update ammunition temperature often, especially in the morning and after sunset, to avoid adverse effects on the tank’s computer ballistic solutions.

c. Do not leave weapons or main gun tube wet with CLP after cleaning. Sand and grit buildup increases the probability of misfires.

d. After cleaning and/or maintenance on the gun tube, reinstall muzzle plug.

Section III. ARTILLERY AMMUNITION 2-10. 155MM Howitzer Propelling Charges.

a. Even though storage is “allowed” for up to 160° F for up to 4 hours per day, it is not desirable to allow this type of exposure to continue for extended periods. If such continuous exposure does take place, a significant increase in the rate of degradation will occur, eventually affecting performance and safety.

b. Follow the generic recommendations cited in Section VIII for shading ammunition and ground storage (off the ground with adequate ventilation).

c. Keep propellant charges in closed storage containers out of the direct sun until needed.

d. Store artillery projectiles upright to expose less surface to the sun.

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WARNING Hot ammunition and hot gun tubes increase the probability of cookoff, which can cause injury or death to personnel. Do not load the weapon until a call for fire is received.

NOTE Sand and humidity should not affect charges as long as they are maintained in their original pack.

2-11. 105MM and 155MM Howitzer Cartridges and Projectiles.

a. General. 1. Store separate loading artillery projectiles in an upright position to expose

less surface to the sun and to reduce the possibility of voids created by filler melting/re-solidifying, and explosive material exuding into the fuze well.

2. The same precautions should be exercised for these items as is specified for propelling charges.

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WARNING Examine unfuzed projectiles for explosive material exuded into the fuze thread area. Do not fuze or fire rounds with explosive on/in fuze threads or injury to personnel may occur.

Do not fire DODIC D528, 155MM M825 Smoke Screen with M203 propelling charge, or injury to personnel may occur.

DODIC D528, 155MM M825 Smoke Screen Projectile, lot numbers PB-85A through E, PB-86A, or PB-86E fired above 110° F could result in unstable or short rounds, which could result in injury to personnel.

WARNING

Do not use the M119 propelling charge with the M549/M549A1 projectile. Rocket motor ignition failures resulting in short rounds will occur. This could result in injury or death to personnel.

3. Prior to fuzing, use a clean, dry rag to clean all loose material from the fuze well. Any material remaining in the fuze well could be explosive material and the projectile should not be used.

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b. M712 Copperhead. 1. Keep Copperhead in container until round is to be fired. Use barrier bag if

round is removed from container and not loaded immediately.

2. Spin obturator on Copperhead to ensure it turns freely before loading the round into the gun.

3. Do not expose Copperhead to sand or dirt. Sand and dirt may cause damage and loss of reliability to the dome and optics, control system, and slip obturator.

4. Do not use the Copperhead if the dome is broken or cracked because the round may tumble.

Section IV. MORTAR AMMUNITION 2-12. General.

a. Care and maintenance of all mortar weapons is critical in a blowing sand environment. Keep the muzzle cover In place to prevent sand/dust from collecting in the tube.

b. Follow the same precautions for storage as specified for propelling charges in section III and for general ammunition storage in section VIII.

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2-13. Jungle Wrap. a. Some of the ammunition packaging is what is referred to as “jungle wrap.” The

jungle wrap material softens and becomes sticky under high temperatures. Sticky hands may lead to sticky rounds. Sticky rounds could collect blown sand and dust, increasing the probability of misfires/stuck rounds.

b. Use a two-man procedure to open and remove rounds from jungle wrap containers. The first man opens the container and holds it as the second man removes the round.

WARNING Examine unfuzed projectiles for explosive material exuded into the fuze thread area. Do not fuze or fire rounds with explosive on/in the fuze threads, or injury to personnel may occur.

c. Before fuzing, use a clean, dry rag to clean all loose material from the fuze well. Any material remaining in the fuze well could be explosive material and the projectile should not be used.

2-14. M329A2 HE Cartridge. When firing the M329A2 HE cartridge (DODIC C697), ensure the weapon has been cleared of a misfire (round dropped in weapon tube but falling to fire), Double loading may result in a catastrophic event. See specific operational steps in TM 9-1015-215-10.

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Section V. FUZES 2-15. General.

a. Use the protective measures for shading, above ground storage, and ventilation cited in section VIII to maintain safety and reliability.

b. All artillery, mortar, and tank ammo fuzes are safety-certified for firing at 160°F.

c. Packaging.

1. Keep fuzes in closed metal containers and out of the direct sun as much as possible.

2. Save all inner and outer fuze packing material for repackaging turned-in material.

3. After removing fuzes from metal can, replace inner packaging and desiccant in closed container for reuse.

2-16. Specific Item Information.

a. The M100 S&A for the HAWK has had previous arming problems in Saudi Arabia. (Later updates will provide special guidelines for protection.)

b. Keep the M734 fuze covered and away from blowing dust or sand to prevent impaired function.

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Section VI. LAND MINES 2-17. General. To preserve safety and reliability of land mines, use the protective measures for shading, above ground storage, and ventilation in section VIII.

Section VII. MISSILES 2-18. General. Use the protective measures for shading, above ground storage, and ventilation in section VIII to preserve safe and reliable functions.

a. Keep missiles/rockets in original shipping containers to protect from sand and dust.

b. Weapon Orientation. During storage and handling, position rocket motors, rockets, and guided missiles in a direction that will cause the least damage to friendly personnel and equipment if weapons are unintentionally ignited.

2-19. Army Tactical Missile System (TACMS) Missile/Launch Pod Assembly (M/LPA).

a. General. Use the protective measures for shading, above ground storage, and ventilation in section VIII to ensure safe and reliable functions.

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b. Loading/Unloading.

WARNING Since the Army TACMS M/LPA weighs approximately 1816 pounds more than the launch pod container trainer, exercise caution to ensure overstressing of the cables does not occur when loading the M/LPA. Cable failure can result in personnel injury or death.

1. Inspect the cables IAW PMCS.

2. Prior to loading the Army TACMS M/LPA, visually inspect the hoist cable and the W19 and W20 connectors. Clean as necessary.

c. Overtemperature Condition. If an overtemperature condition exists during a fire mission after the LCHR LAY is pressed, either MISSILE TEMPERATURE CAUTION or WEAPON MALFUNCTION will be displayed on the fire control panel.

1. If MISSILE TEMPERATURE CAUTION is displayed, a 5-minute timer will start and a status message will be sent automatically to battery with a time to fire of 5 minutes. If the FIRE switch is not activated within 5 minutes after the prompt appears, the WEAPON MALFUNCTION prompt will be displayed.

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2. If WEAPON MALFUNCTION is displayed, the power and data lines are automatically disconnected from the missile and the mission is terminated for the non-operational missile. If there is another missile available, the fire control system will send the mission data of the non-operational missile to the operational missile and the fire mission shall continue; otherwise the mission is ABORTED.

Section VIII. MATERIEL MOVEMENT, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

WARNING Damaged ammunition can lead to personnel injury or death. Should you suspect ammunition is damaged,

a. Identify, tag, and segregate it.

b. Notify

1. Local ammunition storage personnel.

2. Local QA Specialist (QASAS) or Logistics Assistance Representative (LAR) (see para 1-3).

3. Local EOD.

4. ARCENT forward missile/ammunition office.

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c. Ammunition will be inspected and disposition instructions provided.

If not stored in a proper base-down position, White Phosphorous (WP) can melt and shift, causing an unstable projectile.

2-20. General. Lessons learned from severe accelerated deterioration of ammunition to high temperature/humidity conditions have identified potential problem areas and subsequent protective measures. Based on these lessons learned, the following guidance is provided.

2-21. Inspection. a. Provisions should be made for extensive depot-and ASP-level inspections.

Provisioning for adequate tooling, supplies, and equipment will be required to perform corrective maintenance and repair actions.

b. Inspection of ammo will be dictated by SB 742-1 or as determined necessary by the QASAS (ammo inspector) in charge. Inspect all ammunition and weapons immediately and in the following order: (1) ammunition pulled from other theaters of operation, (2) propositioned stocks, (3) CONUS-deployed assets.

c. Set aside and do not load any containers, pallets, barges, or any other shipping configuration that have been abnormality roughly handled, dropped, banged, soaked, or otherwise mishandled. Such ammunition should be thoroughly unpacked, inspected, and repacked.

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d. Frequently inspect web strapping and banding materials and all equipment involved in handling and movement of ammunition. Check for deterioration and stress.

2-22. Packaging.

a. Keep ammunition in original packaging until ready for use.

b. Retain all packaging materials for repackaging turned-in ammunition. Empty packaging materials should be labeled as such and then can be placed on top of ammunition stacks to shield against radiant heat if tarps or camouflage nets are not available.

c. Repackage ammunition opened but not used as soon as possible. Repackage items with reactivated desiccant. If desiccant cannot be reactivated, immediately seal back in its original container so that it is available for repackaging purposes.

2-23. Shipment and Handling Guidance (General).

a. Munitions should be given higher priority over weapons for protected dockside storage.

b. Provide propellants maximum free air space and ventilation possible to avoid overheating and development of hot spots.

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c. Since excessive heating can result in increased sensitivity of explosive materials, care should be exercised during movements dockside, both on-loading and down-loading of vessels/aircraft. Avoid storing any ammunition in the direct sun without tarping/shading, above-ground blocking, and adequate ventilation.

d. Keep pre-loading and off-loading times on runways or dockside to a minimum to avoid solar overheating. If possible, downloading and uploading should be done in the early morning or after sundown to minimize overheating.

2-24. Shipment and Handling Guidance (Vehicular).

a. The interior temperature of MILVANs, commercial containers, and similar metal containers will be significantly higher than ambient exterior air temperature when exposed directly to the sun. This condition is especially significant in the hot-dry desert, intermediate hot-dry desert, and hot-humid coastal regions in Saudi Arabia.

b. Utilization of MILVANs/vehicles for storage is not desirable, but when necessary, the following steps should be taken (see fig. 2-1):

1. Park ammunition-loaded vehicles in shaded areas if possible.

2. Shade the container with a cover that is at least 18 inches from the top, sides, and ends of the container to allow for circulation of air.

3. Provide a minimum of 3 inches clearance on all sides and between individual boxes or pallets in vehicles with open cargo areas.

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Figure 2-1. MILVAN Tarping (1 of 2).

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Figure 2-1. MILVAN Tarping (2 of 2). 4. When operating and security precautions permit, open compartments to

ammunition in armored and wheeled vehicles and doors to MILVANS to the maximum extent possible to allow for ventilation.

5. Maximum shading should be provided to the top of the container due to the very high angle of the sun at Saudi Arabia’s low latitude.

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6. Containers should be positioned with the long axis oriented in an east-west direction to minimize the east and west wall exposure. The low altitude morning sun and low altitude afternoon sun will be directly on the short axis in this orientation.

7. Place sandbags against the sides and rear of MILVANs storing ammunition for long periods of time to reduce exposure to the sun and the size of the tarpaulin required to cover the MILVANs. Placement of sand/sand bags in this manner will greatly reduce the cover (tarps, nets) required by reducing the surface area exposed to the sun. A 20 ft x 40 ft tarpaulin will adequately cover an exposed container.

8. If no further movement of an ammunition container is planned, mechanical restraints such as blocking and bracing can be removed. Blocking and bracing can be used to provide the separation between the top/sides of the container and the cover used.

9. MILVAN storage of ammunition must be considered as an unbarricaded, above ground magazine for quantity-distances purposes. Separation distances among containers and between containers and external exposures must be determined accordingly to prevent a chain reaction of unintended explosions, to protect personnel from death or injury, and to protect equipment/facilities from damage. Reduced distances increase the hazard. The use of terrain features or barricades between containers may allow reduction of separation distances.

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2-25. Storage (On-Load/Off-Load Proximity).

a. Provisions should be made for the construction of shelters on, or within close proximity to, all on-load/off-load operations (both at ports and airfields). Most desirable are shelters providing complete protection from solar radiation with designs that optimize ventilation.

NOTE Refer to FM 9-13, TM 9-1300-206, and section IX for proper construction of ammunition storage bunkers.

b. Provisions should be made for permanent storage structures inland at depots and Ammunition Supply Points (ASPs) to assure that degradation of materiel is minimized.

c. Priority of storage in depots and ASPs should be given to those items deemed most sensitive, with the following receiving first consideration: (1) guided missiles/rockets, (2) propelling charges, (3) pyrotechnics, (4) White Phosphorous (WP) filled items, (5) projectiles. 2-26. Field Storage.

a. Tarping/Shading of Ammunition.

1. All ammunition stored in the open, including at the gun site, should be tarped/shaded with as light-colored tarps/nets as possible to decrease absorption of heat.

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2. All tarps/nets will be erected with a minimum of 18 inches clearance above the ammunition (see fig. 2-2).

Figure 2-2. Clearance Requirements.

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3. All tarps should be erected to allow for quick lowering during high winds.

NOTE If tarps are not available, cover assets with one layer of empty wood boxes, empty steel containers, or even cardboard secured with sandbags. Excess ammunition packaging can also be utilized.

b. Ground Storage of Ammunition.

1. Prioritize covering/shading of ammunition according to effects of high temperature and humidity on serviceability and safety. Give highest priority to (a) guided missiles/rockets, (b) propelling charges, (c) fuzes, (d) pyrotechnics, (e) projectiles.

NOTE Blown sand should be cleared from storage area.

2. Store all White Phosphorus (WP) projectiles base down.

3. Store ammunition on pallets or dunnage with a minimum of three inches ground clearance (see fig. 2-2).

4. Do not store ammunition more than three pallets high on sandy soil (see fig. 2-2).

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

5. Do not position stacks so they lean against other stacks or can fall.

6. Do not place broken pallets on the bottom of a stack.

7. Provide a minimum of three inches clearance on all sides of stacks for ventilation (see fig. 2-2).

8. Provide a minimum of 18 inches of air space between tarp and ammunition (see fig. 2-2).

9. If ammunition cannot be stored on pallets, store ammunition to provide as much ventilation between individual rounds/boxes/containers as practical, as shown in TM 9-1300-206.

c. Miscellaneous Equipment. The following table identifies miscellaneous equipment which can be used for palletizing, transporting, and storing supplies.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 2-1. Miscellaneous Banding and Strapping Materials ITEM NSN UI COMMENTS

Steel Strapping (zinc 0.75 in.)

8135-00-283-0670 CL 60 lbs/coil 11 ft/lb

Steel Strapping (zinc 1.25 in.)

8135-00-283-0671 CL 100 lbs/coil 7 ft/lb

Strapping Clips (0.75 in.) 8135-00-290-1090 BX 5000/box Strapping Clips (1.25 in.) 8135-00-290-1077 BX 1000/box Tensioner, Stl Strapping 3540-00-278-1251 EA Sealer, Stl Strapping

(0.75 in.) 3540-00-223-8589 EA

Sealer, Stl Strapping (1.25 in.)

3540-00-223-8592 EA

Cutter, Stl Strapping 5110-00-223-6281 EA Strapping Coil Hand Truck 3540-00-273-8821 EA 2 wheel, holds 1 each

0.75, 1.25, 2-inch bands

Strapping/Sealing Kit 3540-00-565-6244 EA 90 Ibs strap; 1000 seals; (1.25 in.) stretcher; sealer; wood

2-28

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 2-1. Miscellaneous Banding and Strapping Materials (cont) ITEM NSN UI COMMENTS

Strapping/Sealing Kit 3540-00-565-6243 EA 90 Ibs strap; 500 seals; (0.75 in.) stretcher; sealer; wood box heavy duty cutter

Universal Tie-Down Strap (20 ft)

5340-01-204-3009 EA

Universal Tie-Down Strap and Alternates

5340-00-980-9277 1670-00-725-1437

EA EA

5340-01-089-4997 EA Rope, Nylon (1/4 in. dia) 4020-00-926-3438 RL 600 ft/roll Rope, Nylon (3/8 in. dia) 4020-00-968-1356 RL 600 ft/roll Rope, Nylon (1/2 in. dia) 4020-00-968-1357 RL 600 ft/roll Rope, Nylon (5/8 in. dia) 4020-00-968-1358 RL 600 ft/roll Rope, Manila (5/8 in. dia) 4920-00-269-8616 CL 600 ft/coil Rope, Manila 4920-00-289-8817 CL 600 ft/roll

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

Section IX. CONSTRUCTION OF AMMUNITION STORAGE 2-27. General. To provide the most stable, safe environment for ammunition storage, bunker storage modules should be used. Figures 2-3, 2-4, and table 2-2, are provided as simplified guidance in building ammunition bunker storage modules. Use the figures and table with FM 9-13 and TM 9-1300-206 for the most accurate, complete instructions.

2-30

TB 9-1000-262-DT

2-31

Figure 2-3. Aerial View of 8-Cell Module Storage Plan

TB 9-1000-262-DT

2-32

Figure 2-4. Cross Section of 8-Cell Module Storage Plan

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 2-2. Intermagazine Separation for Barricaded Storage Modules for Mass-Detonating Explosives

MINIMUM EXPLOSIVES TO EXPLOSIVES

DISTANCE IN FEET (BARRICADED) BETWEEN

BARRICADE HEIGHT BASED UPON STORAGE SIZE

NET POUNDS

OF EXPLOSIVES

CELLS & MODULES d = 1.1W 1/3

CELL STORAGE PAD

SIZE (WIDTH OR DEPTH) IN FEET1

MINIMUM HEIGHT OF BARRICADE ABOVE TOP OF STACK IN FEET

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 50,000 40 30 2

100,000 50 30 2 125,000 55 30 2 150,000 60 30 2 175,000 60 30 2 200,000 65 30 2 225,000 65 40 2.5 250,000 70 40 2.5

1. The barricade height above the explosives stack shown in column 4 will be increase 6 inches for each 1-foot increase in width or depth of the pad size shown in column 3

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

CHAPTER 3. ARMAMENT Section I. GENERAL MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

3-1. General. Conditions you encounter in the desert have a profound effect on armament and maintenance methods. This harsh environment requires a high maintenance standard, and equipment may have to be maintained well away from specialized support personnel. The following general maintenance tips will help you keep your equipment battle ready.

a. Perform Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS) per applicable Technical Manuals (TMs).

b. For specific operation/maintenance precautions, refer to the appropriate system TMs.

3-2. Desert Effects on Maintenance Procedures.

a. Dust and sand are the greatest danger to equipment efficiency in the desert. Particles settling on moving parts and acting as damaging abrasives cause premature failures and are almost impossible to avoid entirely. The following tips will help you minimize the effects of sand and dust during equipment maintenance.

1. Tightly secure the lids on all Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants (POL). Sand mixed with any type of POL product forms an abrasive paste.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

2. Discard as contaminated any POL container which has been opened and not covered. Rags are not adequate cover.

3. If possible, use cartridge grease instead of large containers, such as 5 gallon buckets, of grease. Cartridge grease is less easily contaminated.

4. Clean the tips of grease guns before and after each use. Wipe lubrication fittings clean before using grease guns.

5. Keep equipment as clean as possible, paying particular attention to screens, grilles, filters, and moving parts.

Parts Removal/Replacement. b.

1. Using dirty tools can introduce contaminants into equipment. Clean your tools before and after each use.

2. Small parts (nuts, bolts, washers) and tools are easily lost if knocked or dropped into the sand. Using empty cans from the local mess area, make a parts carrier (fig. 3-1) for parts/tools removed or used during maintenance actions.

3-2

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Figure 3-1. Fabricated Parts Carrier 3. Place a tarp beneath the equipment being maintained to prevent losing

parts or tools in the sand.

4. Tools exposed to direct sunlight become too hot to hold. Make every effort to keep tools shaded while you work.

5. When removing or replacing coolant, hydraulic hoses, or parts with exposed inlets, cover the hose/inlet immediately with masking tape, duct tape, or a clean rag (fig. 3-2). Wipe away excess oil or grease on any exposed surface. Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) should be evacuated with all hoses and inlets taped or blocked.

3-3

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Figure 3-2. Tape/Cover Fittings, Hoses, Inlets, and Outlets c.

d.

e.

Check cooling fans for operation and their associated filters for cleanliness.

Do not force an instrument or lever that may be jammed due to lodged grit and sand.

Keep accessories and components stowed in their proper cases when not in use. Remove sand from components and case interiors prior to stowage.

f. Mold, mildew, and fungus grow very quickly in hot, humid weather. Keep all glass, rubber and leather surfaces clean and dry.

3-4

TB 9-1000-262-DT

3-3. Prime Mover General Maintenance Instructions.

a. Battery Maintenance.

1. Since batteries do not hold charge efficiently in intense heat, keep your batteries filled but not overfilled.

2. Do not use tropical electrolyte in 4HN, 2HN, 6TN, and 6TL batteries. Continue to use electrolyte NSN 6810-00-249-9354 or NSN 6610-00-843-1640.

3. Keep battery cap air vents clean.

4. Check fluid level in batteries daily due to evaporation. Refill with distilled water. Use rain or drinking water if distilled water is not available.

b. Keep radiators and airflow areas around engines clean and free of debris. Blow sand/dust out of radiator fins weekly or as required. Check radiator cap serviceability.

c. Do not remove hood side panels.

d. Fill radiators with coolant.

e. Repair all coolant leaks.

f. Extreme heat causes drive belts to stretch. Keep belts properly adjusted-tight but not too tight.

3-5

g. Maintain adequate stocks of tarpaulins (for crew outside protection), hoses, fan belts, tires, and water cans.

TB 9-1000-262-DT

h. Measure track tension daily.

i. Lube road wheels, road arms, and support rollers daily.

j. Exercise hydraulic systems daily to prevent seals from drying out and leaking. If possible, wipe off piston arm prior to activating.

k. Check oil cooler screens for free airflow.

l. Make sure filters are installed in all refueling equipment. Cover the air gap between nozzle and fuel tank filler when refueling equipment.

WARNING Failure to raise tire pressure after use in sand will result in tires overheating and tire blowout/failure. This could result in personnel injury or death.

m. Reduce tire pressure to increase traction when driving in soft sand or over dunes. Reference the applicable TM for correct tire pressures. Ensure tire pressure is raised when vehicle resumes ON-ROAD/HIGHWAY USE! Make wide turns rather than sharp turns.

n. Tape corrugated cardboard to the top of the radio to help block sun rays and prevent cooling fan burnout.

o. Idle-cool diesel engines at 1000 rpm for a few minutes and at normal idle for a few minutes before shutting down to keep from burning out the engines. 3-6

TB 9-1000-262-DT

p. Always keep any exposed engine openings covered. Cover freshly lubed parts waiting for reassembly.

q. POL.

1. With the exception of the M1 turbine engine, the recommended oils for use in TACOM engines are OE/HDO 15W/40 or OE/HDO-40 weight oil that conform to MIL-L-2104. For other components/subcomponents, use the oils/lubricants specified in each equipment technical manual which meet the operational requirements for hot environments.

2. For vehicles/equipment operating in the desert, cut normal oil change intervals in half. For example, if oil change is normally required at 12,000 miles, change oil at 6,000 miles; if normally required at 400 hours, change at 200 hours; if normally required every 6 months, change every 3 months. Shorten these intervals if conditions become more severe.

3-4. Direct Support Electronic System Test Set (DSESTS) (Fig. 3-3).

a. Protect DSESTS from extended exposure to intense direct sunlight and the abrasive effect of sand on exposed components.

b. If at all possible, schedule DSESTS operation during the cooler hours of the day or night. Operating temperature range is from 32°F to 131°F.

c. Do not touch or rub any glass surfaces with your fingers.

3-7

TB 9-1000-262-DT

d. Clean components using only authorized solvents. Use cleaning materials with care to avoid scratching.

Figure 3-3. Direct Support Electronic System Test Set (Not All Components Shown.)

e. Take extra care to prevent sand from entering cable connectors on both

DSESTS components and LRUs.

1. Before making cable connections, remove sand and other foreign material from connectors.

3-8

TB 9-1000-262-DT

2. If necessary, use compressed air or your own lung power to remove foreign material from connectors.

3. After using the DSESTS, immediately install connector covers on cable connectors.

Section II. SMALL CALIBER (5.56 MM TO 40 MM) 3-5. General.

WARNING Pay special attention to daily climate conditions. As the ambient temperature rises, the potential for a hot weapon cookoff also rises. This can result in injury or death to personnel.

a. Perform routine weapon maintenance (cleaning and lubricating) at twice the recommended frequency. Problems of sand and dust contamination will be minimized. Clean in enclosed areas when possible, away from blowing sand.

1. Wipe weapons off with a clean, dry cloth every chance you get.

2. Give special attention to moving parts, like the bolt carrier. Wipe and brush them as clean as possible. Use your own lung power to blow out sand from areas like the trigger assembly that you are not authorized to disassemble.

3-9

TB 9-1000-262-DT

3. Limit lubrication with Cleaner, Lubricant and Preservative (CLP) and other lubricants to internal parts to avoid sand and grit. Wipe the outside of your weapon dry.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Store weapons in a covered, wind protected area when you are not using them, with a blanket or a poncho. Use rifle covers, muzzle caps, and spare magazine bags as much as possible. This will protect barrel sights and working parts from sand and dust.

1. Cover mounted machine guns.

2. On rifles, keep the ejection port cover closed and a magazine installed.

Do not expose cartridges, magazines, and ammunition container to direct sunlight. Firing weapon with ammunition at an elevated temperature could subject weapon to an overpressure.

If exposed to water, disassemble, clean, oil and reassemble as soon as possible. Make sure it’s dry.

Nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) decontamination procedures can be found in the field manual (FM) for your specific weapon.

3-10

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f. Organizational Cleaning.

WARNING Be sure to clear weapon before disassembling, cleaning, inspecting, transporting or storing.

Eye protection is recommended when cleaning your weapon or its parts.

Cleaning solvent is FLAMMABLE and TOXIC, and must be kept away from open flames and used in a well-ventilated area. Use of rubber gloves is necessary to protect the skin when washing weapon parts.

CAUTION To avoid damage to equipment, do not use dry cleaning solvent on wood, plastic, sealed buffers, electronic parts, rubber, leather, electric solenoids, or the entire MK19 Grenade Machine Gun.

Use cleaning compound solvent with caution. Avoid sparks and flame. Use in area having adequate ventilation.

NOTE

3-11

Do not mix lubricants. If changing one of the authorized lubricants, remove existing lubricant before another is applied. Mixing lubricants may result in weapon function problems.

TB 9-1000-262-DT

With the exception of the MK19 Grenade Machine Gun, periodically flush out sand and other debris from all small arms using the following supplies:

1. Cleaning compound solvent (SD), MIL-PRF-680, type 2, NSN 6850-01-474-2319.

2. Wash pan, PN 1211, NSN 3990-00-795-3595.

3. Chemical and oil protective gloves, 22-G-381, NSN 8415-00-823-7459.

4. Brush of appropriate size. Refer to your weapons operator manual.

g. Lubrication.

NOTE Lubrication instructions are mandatory. Do not mix lubricants on the same weapon. The weapon must be thoroughly cleaned during change from one lubricant to another. Cleaning Solvent (available to unit maintenance) is recommended for cleaning during change from one lubricant to another. Only lubricants and cleaners specified in your weapons operator manual are authorized for use on your weapon system.

Lubricants listed in Table 3-1 are used to meet varied needs. The lubricants should be used within the prescribed temperature range for a particular weapon in conjunction with the lubrication instructions in their applicable technical manuals. Refer to Table 3-2 for your specific weapon system.

3-12

TB 9-1000-262-DT

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3-13

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 3-1. Lubricants DESCRIPTION NSN UM

Cleaner, Lubricant and Preservative, Grade 2 (CLP), (81349) MIL-L-63460

1/2 ounce bottle 9150-01-102-1473 OZ 4 ounce bottle 9150-01-079-6124 OZ 1 pint bottle 9150-01-054-6453 PT 1 gallon 9150-01-053-6688 GL

Grease, Molybdenum Disulfide (GMD) (81349) MIL-G-21164

14 ounce bottle 9150-00-935-4018 CA 1.75 lbs 9150-00-754-2595 CN 6.5 lbs 9150-00-223-4004 CN 35 lbs 9150-00-965-2003 CN

Lubricating Oil, Weapons (LAW) (81349) MIL-L-14107

1 quart 9150-00-292-9689 QT

3-14

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 3-1. Lubricants (Cont) DESCRIPTION NSN UM

Lubricating Oil, Weapons Semi-fluid (LSA) (81349) MIL-L-46000

2 ounce bottle 9150-00-935-6597 BT 4 ounce bottle 9150-00-889-3522 BT 1 quart 9150-00-687-4241 QT 1 gallon 9150-00-753-4686 GL

Lubricating Oil, Weapons Semi-fluid, with Teflon (LSA-T) (81349) MIL-L-46150

8 ounce tube 9150-00-949-0323 TU 1 lb 9150-01-109-7793 LB

3-15

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 3-2. Lubricants by Weapon and Temperature Range LUBRICANT WEAPON SYSTEM AND

TEMPERATURE RANGE CLP GMD LAW LSA LSAT

M16 Series Rifle: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

M4 Carbine: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

M231 Firing Port Weapon: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

3-16

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table 3-2. Lubricants by Weapon and Temperature Range (Cont) LUBRICANT WEAPON SYSTEM AND


M249 Machine Gun: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below

USE CLP ONLY

ALL TEMPERATURES

M24 Sniper Weapon: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

M60 Series MG: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

3-17

TB 9-1000-262-DT



M240 Series MG:: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

M2 Series MG: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

MK19 GMG: -25 °F and above X X X -10 °F and above 0 °F and below X +10 °F and below

3-18

TB 9-1000-262-DT



M203 Grenade Launcher: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below

M9/M11 Pistol: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

Shotguns: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above X X 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below X

3-19

TB 9-1000-262-DT



M3 Recoilless Rifle: -25 °F and above -10 °F and above 0 °F to 100 °F +10 °F and below

USE CLP ONLY

ALL TEMPERATURES

3-6. Machine Guns (5.56MM to Cal .50).

a. Lightly lube internal working parts. Wipe lubricants from exposed surfaces.

b. Inspect and clean daily. Keep weapon covered when possible.

c. If weapon stops firing, apply Immediate Action Procedures (IAP). Do not open cover assembly. If cover assembly is opened on a hot weapon, an open-cover cookoff could occur.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

3-7. M16 Series Rifle and M4 Series Carbine.

NOTE For proper functioning of your M16 Series Rifle magazine in a hot, dry climate, keep the magazine and ammunition clean and free from lubricant. Sand and dust will stick to the lubricant and may cause feeding problems.

a.

b.

c.

d.

To remove sand, grit, and lubricant from the magazine, disassemble it and wipe the parts and the inside/outside of the magazine body with a clean, dry rag. Visually inspect magazine top and sides for dents or other damage; replace if damaged. Reassemble the magazine and protect it from the environment. A magazine protective bag is provided for this purpose and can be obtained by ordering NSN 1005-00-193-8306.

Use a liberal coating of CLP on internal working (moving) surfaces only to prevent jamming due to fine sand.

If your rifle stops firing, apply Immediate Action Procedures (lAP). When applying the IAP, a case or cartridge should be ejected when the charging handle is pulled to the rear. If not, check the feed area/chamber for an obstruction. If your weapon will not fire after you perform IAP, apply remedial action if necessary and initiate troubleshooting procedures (TM 9-1005-319-10).

Do not overheat the rifle barrel (firing 140 rounds rapidly/continuously). This could cause a cook-off.

3-21

TB 9-1000-262-DT

e. If your weapon’s malfunction is due to a damaged or defective magazine, replace that magazine as soon as possible.

NOTE Protective cap is for field use only. DO NOT store weapon with the protective cap on the barrel. Storing with the protective cap in place may cause moisture to collect in the barrel.

Using AAL equipment (i.e., protective cap, NSN 5240-00-880-7666; protective bag, NSN 1005-00-190-8306 and protective cover, NSN 1005-00-809-2190) will protect your rifle carbine. Use them whenever tactical conditions will allow. Always keep snow out of the barrel bore. Clean barrel bore with swab (NSN 1005-00-912-4248) and cleaning rod if necessary, before firing.

The protective cap is approved for use on all M16 series rifles and M4 carbines. It fits over the compensator to keep dust, dirt, snow, water, ice, etc., from getting in the barrel. These types of obstructions can cause catastrophic failures and total destruction of the weapon.

When installed on the rifle/carbine, the weapon can be fired without removing the protective cap. The protective cap will be blown off without interfering with the function/accuracy of the weapon. The protective cap is expendable and is not recovered if it is blown off. Recommend additional protective caps be carried for use during mission.

3-22

TB 9-1000-262-DT

3-8. M240B Machine Gun.

a. For all maintenance and operating procedures, refer to TM 9-1005-313-10.

b. HOT, DUSTY, AND SANDY AREAS. Clean often. Wipe oil from exposed surfaces with clean wiping rag. Cover weapon as much as possible to keep dust and sand out of parts.

c. You can use the muzzle cap authorized in the M16 Series Rifle TM on your M240B Machine Gun. The cap is expendable and can be ordered using the following information:

1. Nomenclature: Cap, Protective, Dust

2. NSN 5340-00-880-7666

3. PN 8445067

3-9. M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW). a. Be sure weapon covers, such as the link ejection port cover, are closed when

the weapon is not in operation.

b. You can use the muzzle cap authorized in the M16 Series Rifle TM on your M249 BMG. The cap is expendable and can be ordered using the following information:

1. Nomenclature: Cap, Protective, Dust

3-23

TB 9-1000-262-DT

2. NSN 5340-00-880-7666

3. PN 8445067

3-10. M60 Machine Gun.

a. General.

1. Keep ammunition in cans/bandoleers to keep it clean and to avoid getting dirt in the weapon.

2. Do not strap ammunition around your body.

3. Clean and lightly lube actual working surfaces of the bolt, barrel sockets, and operating rod frequently.

b. Loading (Half-Load/Closed Cover).

NOTE These procedures are to be used only as directed.

1. Ensure the safety lever is on F.

2. Pull the cocking handle fully to the rear, locking the bolt to the rear (open).

3. Return the cocking handle to its full forward (locked) position.

4. Place the safety lever on S.

5. Open and raise the cover. 3-24

TB 9-1000-262-DT

6. Inspect the cover, feed tray, receiver, and chamber to ensure they are clear of ammunition and links.

7. Close the cover. (Ensure it is closed and locked.)

8. Place the safety lever on F.

9. Grasp the cocking handle and pull it fully to the rear, press the trigger (riding the cocking handle forward), and allow the bolt to move to its full forward locked (closed) position. Do not let the bolt slam closed.

NOTE For ease in loading, remove link.

10. Insert a belt of ammunition into the feed tray (fig. 3-4) until a click is heard or felt. The click is the belt holding pawl engaging and Iocking the ammunition belt in place. Do not insert a belt of ammunition with a link on the first round.

11. Gently pull on the ammunition to ensure engagement. If it comes out, repeat step 10. If subsequent attempts fail, clear the gun and repeat steps 7 through 11.

NOTE If weapon will not fire, perform unloading and clearing procedures (step d).

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

Figure 3-4. Ammunition on Feed Tray

c. Firing Procedures From the Half-Load.




4. Aim and fire by pressing trigger.

3-26

TB 9-1000-262-DT

d. Unloading and Clearing From the Half-Load/Closed Cover.

1. Point the muzzle in a safe direction.

2. Open and raise the cover.

3. Remove the belt of ammunition.




7. Place the safety lever on S.

8. Inspect the cover, feed tray, receiver, and chamber to ensure they are clear of ammunition and Iinks.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

3-11. M24 Sniper Weapon System (SWS).

a. When not being used, keep the M24 SWS in either the system case or in the soft rifle carrying case to protect it against exposure to dust and sand.

NOTE Do not remove the trigger assembly from the receiver and barrel assembly.

b. Remove the receiver and barrel assembly from the stock assembly to remove dirt/sand/dust from the trigger assembly. Trigger assembly may be cleaned with either CLP or alcohol.

c. If alcohol is used to clean the trigger assembly, lubricate the trigger assembly afterward as needed.

d. Clean the optics carefully with the system’s lens cleaning kit.

3-12. M9/M11 Pistols.

WARNING To prevent personal injury or death from accidental discharge, do not store magazine(s) loaded with ammunition.

a. When in use, magazine(s) shall be downloaded, disassembled, inspected, cleaned, and reassembled daily.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

3-13. M2 Machine Gun.

If the machine gun has been fired, the bore must be immediately swabbed out with several patches saturated with RBC (MIL-PRF-372). Use dry patches to remove all solvent film.

3-14. MK19 40MM Grenade Machine Gun (GMG).

WARNING Any unusual occurrence during firing (i.e., excessive smoke, flash, loud or muffled report, malfunction or stoppage) warrants immediate inspection of weapon. Clear weapon, check barrel, feeder, bolt face, and receiver for damage and/or unusual debris. In any case mentioned above check the bore of the weapon. If a stuck ogive (round) is evident, refer to TM 9-1010-230-10, round removal tool procedures, for proper round removal procedures.

All personnel within 310 meters of impact area must wear a helmet and body armor. All personnel within 20 meters shall also wear eye protection and single hearing protection. Sleeves shall be rolled down and gloves worn.

3-29

TB 9-1000-262-DT

a. Apply LSA-T, LSA, or GMD lubricant generously (enough to spread with your finger) to the MK19 receiver rails and the mating bolt surfaces (LSA and GMD are approved alternate lubricants; see para c.). Using improper lubricants can result in functioning problems.

b. Apply lubricants to the MK19 as follows:

1. At temperature of -25°F to +32°F, lightly lubricate (a film of lubricant barely visible to the eye).

2. At temperatures of +33°F to +145°F and in sand and dust conditions generously lubricate (heavy enough to spread with your finger).

c. If during firing, any unusual noise or cartridge case damage is noted, the bore of the weapon must be checked for obstruction before firing is continued.

d. In all cases possible prior to deployment/firing, the MK19 should be checked for proper feed slide adjustment. Refer to TM 9-1010-230-23&P. If unit operational check proves unsuccessful, the weapon should be evacuated to direct support for feed slide adjustment.

e. Be sure to pay close attention to temperature ranges for lubricants in any climate condition.

f. After experiencing a malfunction or stoppage of the MK19, use caution to check the bore for obstructions.

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3-15. M130 Flare Dispenser. Inspect and clean, with a soft brush, the 30 contact pins and grounding springs of the M130 dispenser breech.

Section III. MORTARS 3-16. General.

CAUTION Due to higher ambient temperature, the established initial and sustained firing rate must not be exceeded.

a. Keep muzzle cover and fire control sight cover in place when weapon is not in use.

b. Follow ground preparation procedures when firing in soft ground or sand.

c. Frequently inspect the tube and baseplate socket for the accumulation of sand and dust, and maintain as required.

d. Do not use CLP on any mortar components.

e. When sand and dust are present, clean, lubricate, and wipe dry components more frequently.

1. Remove lubricant from machined surfaces of cannon and other exposed, lubricated parts.

2. Clean and lubricate all exposed parts after action is over.

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f. Be sure not to double load the weapon.

g. Keep the sun off ammo (see chap. 2).

Section IV. RECOILLESS RIFLES 3-17. Ranger Anti-Armor/Anti-Personnel Weapon System (RAAWS) (84MM M3 Recoilless Rifle).

a. Store RAAWS M3 in protective jump pack as much as possible to minimize exposing firing mechanisms to sand.

b. Clean RAAWS M3 if exposed to blowing sand.

c. Do not remove dust caps from either end until ready for use.

3-18. M136 AT4 Lightweight Anti-Armor Weapon.

WARNING Exposure to sand by laying the weapon in the sand may cause the firing rod to stick, resulting in a misfire. This could lead to personnel injury or death.

a. Protect weapon, especially firing mechanism, from sand as much as possible.

1. Use the original plastic bag (barrier bag) used to pack the weapon to keep the sand out of the AT4’s exterior moving parts that are listed in TM 9-1315-886-12.

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2. If operating in sand without the original plastic bag, stand up exposed AT4 on the aft end instead of laying flat on the ground.

b. Ensure rubber dust seal at muzzle end is not broken. A broken dust seal will allow contaminant inside the tube, adversely affecting performance.

Section V. FIRE CONTROL 3-19. General.

CAUTION Dust or blowing sand can scratch optical surfaces. Keep optics covered as much as possible in these conditions to prevent scratches.

a. Leave optics covered if not needed for operations, and then only uncover those that are necessary.

b. Protect fire control from extended exposure to intense direct sunlight and the abrasive effect of sand on exposed glass.

c. Keep ballistic shields closed when not in use.

d. Check electrical equipment cooling fans for operation and their associated filters for cleanliness.

e. Clean excess lubricant from bearing surfaces.

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f. Inspect optical windows and lenses before each operation to ensure they are free of scratches and pits. If you notice scratches and pits, notify organizational maintenance.

g. Do not touch or dry rub any glass surfaces with your fingers.

h. Do not brush or wipe sand or dust from lenses or optical windows.

i. If you notice sand or dust on optical windows or lenses, rinse with clear water and pat dry with a clean lens tissue.

j. Inspect and clean fire control components using only authorized solvents. If no water is available, blow off the dust.

k. Blow sand and dust from optical windows and lenses using a watchmaker’s blower, NSN 5120-00-254-4612. (Refer to SC 4931-95CL-A09.) Inspect and initiate further cleaning procedures only if needed.

l. Use cleaning compound, NSN 6850-00-227-1887, and lens tissue, NSN 6640-00-285-4694, for cleaning optical windows and lenses.

CAUTION Optical glass is easily scratched. Clean only with a clean lens tissue.

m. Cleaning Procedures. Use extreme care when cleaning sight lenses to prevent scratching surfaces.

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1. Moisten the surface of the window with a small amount of liquid optical lens cleaning compound.

2. Fold a clean sheet of lens tissue into a triangle so that you have three or more thicknesses between your fingers and the window. Start at the center and clean outward in a circular motion. Do not use excessive pressure.

3. Repeat as many times as necessary to remove all traces of dust, dirt, or stains.

n. Do not use the same lens tissue twice.

o. Do not force an instrument or lever that may be jammed due to lodged grit.

p. Do not leave batteries in equipment that will be stored for long periods of time at very high temperatures.

q. Do not use an oily cloth to wipe or clean metal surfaces.

r. When the containers are available, use designated reusable shipping and storage container for sensitive optical instruments and electronic units.

3-20. Night Vision Systems.

a. Operate active night vision systems only at night or during periods of low visibility. Continuous operation may reduce system life.

b. Cool-down time for active night vision systems may increase. System acceptability should be based on thermal image rather than cool-down time.

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3-21. M1A1/M1A2 Tank Fire Control.

a. Cover parked tank with tarpaulin cover when tank is not in use.

b. If tactical situation permits, keep Gunner’s Primary Sight (GPS) ballistic doors closed.

c. Keep GPS windows free from dust and grit. For proper cleaning instructions, see TM 9-2350-264-10-2 and TM 9-2350-288-10-2.

d. Day-to-night temperature changes can be extreme in a desert environment, as much as a 70° F difference. It is critical that AMMO TEMP is correctly entered.

Section VI. ARTILLERY 3-22. General.

WARNING Vehicle Operation in hot weather can increase the risk of heat stress to crew members. Follow individual preventive medicine measures in FM 21-10 to reduce the risk of heat stress in armored vehicles.

Prolonged exposure to bright sunlight produces very hot metal surfaces which will burn flesh on contact. Wear gloves when contacting hot metal surface with your hands. Wear additional clothing as required.

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WARNING To avoid a cookoff, fire or ram out a round as soon as possible if it is chambered in a weapon preheated by high air temperature and direct sunlight. Injury or death to personnel could result.

a. Load ammunition only when ready to fire. The sun can overheat a gun tube to the point that a round left in the gun tube will cook off.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

In hot climates, the film of oil necessary for operation and preservation will quickly disappear. Inspect the cannon and carriage daily. Pay particular attention to hidden surfaces and other places where corrosion might occur and not be noticed, such as bore and chamber springs, spring seats, and firing pin.

Perspiration from hands can cause rusting of machined surfaces. After handling, clean, wipe dry, and lubricate.

When beginning an action in sandy or dusty areas, remove lubricants from recoil rails and any other exposed lubricated parts, situation permitting. Lubricants will pick up sand and dirt, forming an abrasive which will cause rapid wear. Dry surfaces wear less than lubricated surfaces contaminated with sand or dirt.

Clean and lubricate all exposed parts after the action is over.

Increase the inspection and cleaning frequency of the breech mechanism.

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g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

l.

m.

n.

o.

Be extremely careful when servicing hydraulic systems to prevent dust from entering the system. For example, use a filter if possible when filling a reservoir; clean hydraulic fluid cans prior to opening them; and clear the reservoir cover plate and fill port prior to filling.

Keep all hydraulic cylinder rods clean.

During extreme heat and if the cannon is not fired, exercise the gun mount and elevation-equilibration cylinders every 90 days.

In sandy or dusty areas, inspect and lubricate materiel frequently, except exposed lubricated parts.

Be careful to keep sand and dust out of mechanisms and oil receptacles when inspecting and lubricating and when making adjustments and repairs.

Keep all covers in place as much as firing conditions permit.

During disassembly and assembly, shield parts from flying sand and dust with tarpaulins or with telescope and mount covers.

Use muzzle covers or muzzle plugs to keep out sand and grit.

Keep tires covered with available material to protect them from direct rays of the sun, to prevent excessive air pressure, and to prevent deterioration of rubber and tracks.

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p. Tires contain certain oils and waxes known as antioxidants, which migrate to the surface of the tire when it is flexed in operation. These substances help protect the rubber from ozone/sunlight damage. Therefore, wheeled vehicles should be driven periodically to ensure the antioxidants migrate to the surface of the tire.

q. Keep fire control equipment covered or properly stowed in their proper carrying cases when not in use.

r. Keep ammunition shaded with tarps or camouflage nets (see chap. 2). 3-23. M102 Towed Howitzer.

NOTE Maintain nitrogen pressure in recuperator at all times.

a. Nitrogen pressure in the M102 towed howitzer will be maintained in accordance with maintenance task in TM 9-2025-234-34. Changes in ambient temperature will result in changes in nitrogen pressure.

b. Wheel Modification. The modification of the larger wheel on the M102 is an ODT special purpose modification and requires authorization from AMSTA-LC-CFTL, TACOM-RI, 1 Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, IL 61299-7630 (E-Mail: [email protected]). All parts removed during modification must be retained for installation upon redeployment.

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NOTE Modify the M102 towed howitzer by replacing the existing 7.00 x 16 in. tire and tube with a larger, more durable 9.00 x 16 in. tire and tube. Add a spacer between the spindle and support arm to allow for clearance between the new tire and the brake handle. When installing new tires, always use new tubes and new flaps. Used tubes are larger than new tubes due to service growth. This extra dimension may result in buckles or creases, which lead to leaks and eventual failure.

1. Obtain the following parts to perform the modification. PART FSCM NSN QTY Spacer Fabricate Per Fig. 3-5 Tire, 9.00 x 16 in. 81349 2610-00-540-4719 2 Tube, 9.00 x 16 in. 81348 2610-00-266-6659 2 Screw 96906 5305-00-543-2866 12

PN MS9728-68 2. Locally fabricate the spacer as shown in figure 3-5.

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Figure 3-5. Spacer Fabrication

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3. Replace Wheel Assembly.

(a) Remove existing 7.00 x 16 in. tire and tube (TM 9-1015-234-20).

(b) Mount 9.00 x 16 in. tire and tube on existing rim.

(c) Inflate tire to 40 psi.

4. Remove Hub Assembly (See Fig 3-6).

(a) Remove cap (1) and gasket (2).

(b) Bend tab on Iockwasher (4) out of locknut (3).

(c) Remove locknut (3), Iockwasher (4), and keyed washer (5).

(d) Pull hub (7) out until outer bearing (6) is free.

(e) Remove outer bearing (6).

(f) Remove hub (7).

NOTE Do not remove outer bearing race, inner bearing, or seal from hub.

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Figure 3-6. Hub and Spindle Assembly

(g) Examine bearings for damage. If necessary, service bearings (TM 9-1015-234-20).

5. Remove Brake, Brake Assembly, and Spindle (See Fig. 3-7).

(a) Disconnect brake from brake rod by removing cotter pin (1) and headed pin (2).

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Figure 3-7. Spindle and Brake Assembly

(b) Remove six screws (3), Iockwashers (4), and nuts (5). Unhook the brake shoe spring and swing out brake shoes to gain clearance to remove the bottom screws.

(c) Remove handle assembly (6).

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Figure 3-8. Spacer Installation

(d) Remove brake assembly (7).

(e) Remove spindle flange (8).

6. Install Fabricated Spacer (See Fig. 3-8). Install fabricated spacer (1) between the wheel support assembly (2) and spindle flange (3).

7. Install Spindle and Brake Assembly (See Fig. 3-7). (a) Install brake assembly (7) and handle (6) using six new 2.5 in. screws

(3), Iockwashers (4), and nuts (5). Torque to 35 ft-lbs.

(b) Swing brake shoe back into place and rehook brake shoe spring.

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(c) Connect brake rod to brake assembly using headed pin (2) and cotter pin (1).

8. Install Hub Assembly (See Fig. 3-6).

(a) Install hub (7), outer bearing (6), keyed washer (5), Iockwasher (4), and locknut (3).

(b) Tighten Iocknut (3) until drag is felt when rotating hub (7). Back locknut (3) off until no drag is felt.

(c) Bend Iockwasher (4) tab into locknut (3) slot.

(d) Install gasket (2) and cap (1).

(e) Check brake operation; adjust If necessary (TM 9-1015-234-20).

(a) Install modified wheel assembly. Torque to 50-55 ft-lbs.

9. The larger tires have less ground clearance when raised in the firing position. During firing, ensure some clearance is maintained to keep wheel from bottoming out on sand or debris.

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3-24. M119A1 Towed Howitzer. a. Monitor nitrogen pressure in the recuperator. Nitrogen pressure will be

maintained in accordance with TM 9-1015-252-20&P. Changes in ambient temperature will increase nitrogen pressure.

b. Prevent the clutch disk in the elevating gear housing from rusting by frequent maintenance and by not washing the gear housing with high-pressure water.

c. Do not place jack stand directly on sand or soft soil. Place on the baseplate to prevent the howitzer from sinking or tipping over.

d. Keep the fire control covered at all times when not in use.

e. Keep the balance gear covers on at all times in sand and dust.

f. Keep the cam cut-off gear cover on at all times in sand and dust.

g. Keep trail bearing surface free of sand.

h. Keep breech covered when not in use.

i. Keep final drive pinion and elevating arc free of sand. Do not use grease (WTR) on arc of pinion gear.

j. Keep handbrake levers and trail end brake levers free of sand.

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1. Always activate the brake system. Failure to do so could cause sand to enter the brake head and reduce brake life.

2. When traveling on sandy or rough terrain, be careful when backing a weapon attached to a prime mover.

3. Monitor nitrogen pressure in the equilibrator and recuperator. Rising ambient temperature increases nitrogen pressure which could cause the gun tube to slam into battery and make it difficult to depress.

4. Wipe recoil rails and cannon tube clean prior to firing the howitzer. Lubricants will pick up sand, forming an abrasive which will cause excessive wear.

3-25. Self-Propelled Guns and Howitzers.

a. General.

1. Extreme Heat, Humidity, or Salty Condition.

(a) Clean and lube the howitzer bore and metal surfaces as often as needed.

(b) Apply a light film of PL-S or CLP on the weapon and mount when not in use.

(c) Keep covers in place.

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2. Dusty/Sandy Conditions.

(a) Do not spin vehicle tracks while operating.

(b) Park the vehicle under shelter; If none is available, cover the vehicle with camouflage nets or tarpaulins.

(c) Keep all armament lubricated and covered when not in use.

(d) Keep ammo shaded with camouflage nets or tarps (see chap. 2).

b. M109 Series Self-Propelled Howitzers.

1. Ensure that trapped air is bled from the recoil and counterrecoil cylinders of the gun mount. The counterrecoil buffer rod is more susceptible to damage at high temperatures by trapped air.

2. Check the recuperator guide pins, since an increase in temperature can result in an overfilled condition and blown seals.

3. Ensure that the recuperator front cover and gasket are properly installed to prevent dirt from entering the recuperator.

4. Check the cleaner restriction indicator frequently. Follow the PMCS and emergency cleaning procedure listed in TM 9-2350-311-10 and TM 9-2350-314-10.

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CAUTION High nitrogen pressure in equilibration accumulators will adversely affect equilibration.

High nitrogen pressure in the main power pack accumulator could result in low oil Ievels, especially if the system has experienced leakage.

High nitrogen pressure in the recuperator combined with firing below 700 mils can damage cam rollers and breech parts.

5. Inspect the turret-to-hull brushblock assembly and segment boards for obstructions or corrosion. Clean as necessary.

6. Perform battery maintenance daily (see para 3-3a).

7. Do not overheat engine by driving continuously at high speeds. Long hill climbs will cause overheating. Keep an eye on engine temperature gage.

8. Keep radiator fins free from oil and grease to prevent sand from clogging the fins and preventing cooling.

9. Do not remove radiator cap on overheated cooling system until pressure has been relieved.

10. Check coolant level frequently.

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(a) Check coolant level any time the engine is cool enough to allow checking.

(b) Check coolant at the end of an operation to assure you are prepared for the next operation.

11. Closely monitor the temperature gage during a road march or when idling, and take appropriate action immediately if it hits RED. If you can, stop, idle, cool down, check coolant level, and refill.

12. If your weapon has the older tight-fit bushing through the bulkhead, keep it grease-free to prevent steering Iockup.

13. Use the primer belt. Do not put primers between the elevating cylinder and cab roof or between the dome light and cab roof. The vibration from driving and/or firing will adversely affect the primer activation.

14. To avoid sand collecting and blocking the bore, use the muzzle brake cover and a muzzle plug, if available.

15. Firing.

(a) Avoid “bellying out” the system if at all possible. The M109 will dig itself in when firing multiple rounds from one position and reduce the suspension’s usefulness as a secondary recoil system.

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CAUTION High angle (400 mils +) firing into a strong wind with low-to-medium zones (green bag) can cause the bore evacuator to reduce or even stop functioning.

“Bellying out” can result in cracked fuel tanks, cracked hulls, broken fire control, and even the starter disconnecting from the engine.

(b) Check for sand in the cannon bore before firing to avoid premature rounds.

Section VII. LIGHT COMBAT VEHICLES

WARNING Operating vehicle in hot weather increases risk of heat stress. Heat stress impairs performance and can lead to injury. Drink lots of water. Work and rest in shade when possible. Follow instructions in FM 21-11.

Prolonged exposure to bright sunlight produces very hot metal surfaces which will burn flesh on contact. Wear gloves when contacting hot metal surfaces with your hands. Wear additional clothing as required.

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WARNING Avoid expended Depleted Uranium (DU) rounds and damaged Bradley vehicles, or any other vehicles, hit by DU rounds. DU is primarily an internal health concern if it is breathed in. It is not an immediate health concern if it remains outside the body. It is important to protect yourself in a DU environment and avoid inhalation, ingestion or injection of DU particulates or oxides. You can limit or even eliminate the potential of taking DU into your body by rolling down sleeves, blousing your boots and using respiratory protection when in any immediate area where armor impact involving DU or fires involving DU munitions may have occurred. Remain upwind of the area as much as possible and use appropriate respiratory protection where possible to filter out any DU dust. If it is necessary to approach the area, limit your time in the immediate area, dust off clothing upon leaving before removing your respiratory protection, and take care to wash all exposed areas of skin as soon as possible. Dispose of contaminated clothing in accordance with AR 11-9.

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WARNING For Bradley vehicles, or any other vehicles, that have been hit in combat by DU munitions or burned while M919 DU rounds were uploaded, or damaged in accidents refer to TB 9-1300-278, “Guidelines for Safe Response to Handling, Storage, and Transportation Accidents involving Army Tank Munitions or Armor that Contains Depleted Uranium.” To recover any vehicles that have been hit in combat or burned with DU rounds uploaded, contact your chain of command in accordance with AR 700-48.

3-26. Bradley Fighting Vehicle (A0, A2, A2ODS, A3) and Variants (M6 Linebacker, M7 BFIST).

BRADLEY FIGHTING VEHICLE (BFV) OCCUPANCY TIMES Because of vehicle interior design and stowage location of M919 DU rounds, occupancy in a BFV uploaded with cartridge, 25mm APFSDS-T M919 ammunition, results in exposure to low level radiation. However, the radiation levels in the Bradley Fighting Vehicle even during wartime are considered safe. The amount of radiation the soldier receives is directly proportional to the amount of time spent inside the BFV when uploaded with APFSDS-T M919 ammunition. Although the radiation exposure received is quite low, avoid unnecessary occupancy in the vehicle and contact with packaged APFSDS-T M919 ammunition within mission constraints.

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M242 GUN BARREL DAMAGE

Normal firings of M919 DU ammunition does not cause radioactive contamination in the M242 gun barrel. However, firing mishaps, such as in-bore break-ups, could cause DU contamination of the gun barrel. If the barrel is found to be radioactively contaminated, the barrel is to be taken out of service without being cleaned, ends sealed with tape, and the barrel marked “Low Level Radioactive Waste.” Storage and return of the barrel are accomplished in accordance with AR 11-9.

a. M242 25MM Chain Gun. Perform the maintenance procedures identified below to ensure reliable M242 gun operation in a severe sand and dust environment.

1. Limit burst length to 20 seconds to avoid overheating the gun barrel.

2. Keep the muzzle brake plug installed when not in use. One wrap of tape may be used to cover the muzzle brake vent holes and secure the plug. The plug can be shot out of the muzzle only as a last resort.

3. Do not apply lubricant to the external surfaces of the feeder or receiver assemblies.

4. Keep the gun bag zipped up during vehicle operation or when hatches are open.

5. The lower HE link eject chute should be removed and wiped clean daily. Do not use cleaners and lubricants.

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6. Clean link stripper grooves daily. Use a dry rifle bore cleaning patch to clean all four of the stripper grooves. Do not use cleaners or lubricants.

7. Lightly tape the vehicle cartridge case eject port closed.

8. Clean and inspect bolt and track assembly daily if the vehicle is operated in a blowing dust environment.

b. M257 Smoke Grenade Launcher.

NOTE When not in use, launchers should be capped.

1. Keep tubes covered when the launchers are loaded to prevent sand from accumulating in the bottom of the tubes. Accumulation of sand could prevent proper loading of grenades.

2. Clean tubes, especially the firing pins, to be sure the pins are free of oil. Oil-covered pins could become coated with sand, preventing proper electrical contact and launching of grenades.

3. Check the drain holes of the launcher to be sure they are not clogged, so that burst distance is not affected.

4. Do not remove and reload grenades unless cleaning of the grenades and smoke launchers can be accomplished.

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c. Stinger Missile Launcher. In sand and dust environment, if all four missiles are not loaded in launcher, install dust caps (M6 Linebacker).

d. Turret Operation In Extreme Heat.

CAUTION Turret electrical motors may overheat when operating in conditions of extreme heat. If DRIVE MALF annunciator light comes on, shut down turret electrical systems. Let systems cool for at least 3 minutes before recycling power to turret.

1. Keep ballistic sight cover doors closed when Integrated Sight Unit/Target Acquisition Subsystem (ISU/TAS) (A3) is not in use (A0, A2, A2ODS, M6 Linebacker, M7 BFIST).

2. Keep Commander’s View Unit (CVU) stowed when not in use (A3).

3. Keep rubber caps on commander’s and gunner’s eyepieces when ISU is not in use.

WARNING Looking at the sun through ISU may cause blindness. Do not look at sun through ISU.

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Glare can harm your eyes. Set sensor switch on ISU to neutral position when using ISU on bright, sunny days.

TB 9-1000-262-DT

4. Check position of sun through ISU unity window before using ISU.

5. Set sensor Select switch to neutral position when using ISU on bright sunny days (A0, A2, A2ODS, M6 Linebacker, M7 BFIST).

CAUTION Tube-launched Optically tracked (TOW) missile may miss target if fired when temperatures are above 125°F (52°C).

TOW missile may miss target if target cannot be seen or tracked through ISU/TAS (A3) (A0, A2, A2ODS).

6. Fire TOW missile only when temperature is less than 125°F (52°C) and target can be seen or tracked through ISU.

CAUTION TOW missile may be damaged if electrical connectors get wet when TOW launcher is unloaded. Install covers on electrical connectors after unloading TOW launcher so that connectors do not get wet.

7. Replace electrical connector cover after unloading TOW launcher (A0, A2, A2ODS, A3).

8. Simplified Hand-held Test Unit (SHTU) may not operate in temperatures above 125 °F (M6 Linebacker).

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CAUTION Stinger missile may be damaged if automate connectors get wet when launcher is unloaded. Install covers on automate connectors after unloading launcher so that connectors do not get wet.

9. Replace automate connector cover after unloading launcher. See TM 9-2350-361-10-2 (M6 Linebacker).

e. Activating Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) System (A0, A2, A2ODS, A3, M6 Linebacker, M7 BFIST).

WARNING Engine exhaust fumes can poison you. Do not use your NBC mask for protection against fumes. The NBC filter will not protect you against exhaust poisoning.

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, the following procedures apply to both the commander and the gunner.

1. Commander should tell the driver to activate the NBC System (see TM 9-2350-252-10-2, TM 9-2350-284-10-2, TM 9-2350-284-10-2-1, TM 9-2350-294-10-2, TM 9-2350-361-10-2, or TM 9-2350-297-10-2).

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2. Remove the microphone plug from the Combat Vehicle Crewman (CVC) helmets.

3. Unstow protective mask from protective mask carrier.

4. Put on and adjust protective mask.

5. Insert protective mask connector plug into CVC helmet at microphone jack. Remove the microphone plug from the CVC helmet.

6. Put on CVC helmet.

7. Feel air coming out of air outlet hose.

8. Install air outlet hose on protective mask carrier by first removing air outlet hose from clip and then installing air outlet hose on protective mask carrier.

f. Deactivating NBC System (A0, A2, A2, A2ODS, A3, M6 Linebacker, M7 BFIST).

NOTE Unless otherwise stated, the following procedures apply to both the commander and the gunner.

1. The commander should tell the driver to deactivate the NBC system (see TM 9-2350-252-10-2, TM 9-2350-284-10-2, TM 9-2350-284-10-2-1, TM 9-2350-294-10-2, TM 9-2350-361-10-2, or TM 9-2350-297-10-2).

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2. Remove the air outlet hose from protective mask carrier and install the air outlet hose at the quick disconnect and on the clip.

3. Remove the CVC helmet.

4. Remove the protective mask connector plug from the CVC helmet at the microphone jack.

5. Remove the protective mask.

6. Stow the protective mask in the protective mask carrier.

7. Install the microphone plug on the CVC helmet and put on the CVC helmet.

g. Emergency Access to a Turned Turret.

WARNING If you enter the turret with turret power on, you may be injured or killed. Do not enter the turret while turret power is on. Keep turret shield door closed and latched while turret power is on.

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Figure 3-9. BFV Emergency Release Cable

1. Open the turret shield door by pushing the outside turret shield door latch down and sliding turret shield door open.

2. Check that outside turret shield door latch locks the turret shield door open.

3. Pull hard and quick on emergency release cable to release commander’s hatch cover (fig. 3-9).

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3-27. M88A2 Recovery Vehicle.

WARNING Vehicle operation in hot weather can increase the risk of heat stress to crew members. Follow individual preventive medicine measures in FM 21-10 to reduce the risk of heat stress in armored vehicles.

a. General Information. The vehicle may overheat during long, hard towing operations in high gear or when driving at high speed. Check temperature gauges and warning lights often. Stop vehicle to cool off when practical. Keep ventilating blower on during operation. Inspect the air cleaners and oil coolers often. Clean off dust, insects, or debris from oil coolers by brushing off screens or flushing with low pressure water. Have unit maintenance add tropical electrolyte to batteries.

b. Operation of Hydraulic System. In hot weather and during continuous operation the hydraulic system may generate more heat than can be removed by the hydraulic oil coolers with an engine speed of 1800 rpm. If the hydraulic reservoir temperature gauge reads 160° F or higher, increase the engine speed to 2000 rpm. If the MAX OIL TEMP EXCEEDED indicator comes on [225° F (107° C)], see troubleshooting procedures.

c. Vision Devices. Check the periscopes for fungus growth on the lenses and clean if any is present. If paint is chipped, touch up immediately to prevent rusting.

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3-28. Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Perform the maintenance procedures identified below to ensure reliable M242 25mm chain gun operation in a severe sand and dust environment.

a. Limit burst length to 20 seconds to avoid overheating the gun barrel.

b. Keep the muzzle brake plug installed at all times. One wrap of tape may be used to cover the muzzle brake vent holes and secure the plug. The plug can be shot out of the muzzle.

c. Do not apply lubricant to the external surfaces of the feeder or receiver assemblies.

d. Keep the gun bag zipped up during vehicle operation or when hatches are open.

e. The lower HE link eject chute should be removed and wiped clean daily. Do not use cleaners and lubricants.

f. Clean link stripper grooves daily. Use a dry rifle bore cleaning patch to clean all four of the stripper grooves. Do not use cleaners or lubricants.

g. Lightly tape the vehicle cartridge case eject port closed. On vehicles with a case eject port flapper, use tape sparingly to improve flapper seal.

h. Clean and inspect bolt and track assembly daily if the vehicle is operated in a blowing dust environment.

3-64

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3-29. Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAVP7A1) (Marine Corps Only).

a. M2 Cal .50 Machine Gun.

1. Lightly lubricate internal working parts. Wipe lubricants from exposed surfaces.

2. Inspect and clean daily. Keep weapon covered when possible.

3. If weapon stops firing, apply Immediate Action Procedures (IAP).

b. Weapon Station.

1. Cover the turret with tarpaulin, if available, when vehicle is not in use.

2. Daily inspect and clean magazine and feed chute (MK19 only) (see para 3-7).

3. Daily inspect and clean the outside turret ring area.

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3-30. M707 Knight (Striker) Vehicle.



NOTE Mold, mildew, and fungus grow very quickly in hot, humid weather. Keep all glass, rubber, and leather surfaces clean and dry.

a. Keep lens covers installed except during actual operations.

b. If mission will allow, do the following:

1. Position vehicle out from sun and in shady area.

2. Place camouflage netting over vehicle to reduce heat from sun.

c. If in dismount mode, use camouflage netting, brush, or tree limbs to shade unit from sun.

d. Refer to TM 9-2320-280-10 for operating vehicle in extreme heat. 3-66

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Section VIII. TANKS 3-31. General.



If the optical surfaces of the fire extinguisher system sensors are covered with dust, the system may not function properly. Clean these surfaces at least every 4 hours in extremely dusty/sandy conditions.

Gun barrels must be kept covered. Sand, dust, or mud-clogged gun barrels can lead to explosion within the gun, causing injury or death to any exposed individuals.

3-67

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WARNING Avoid expended DU rounds and damaged vehicles or tanks. DU is primarily an internal health concern if it is breathed in. It is not an immediate health concern if it remains outside the body. It is important to protect yourself in a DU environment and avoid inhalation, ingestion or injection of DU particulates or oxides. You can limit or even eliminate the potential of taking DU into your body by rolling down sleeves, blousing your boots and using respiratory protection when in any immediate area where armor impact involving DU or fires involving DU munitions may have occurred. Remain upwind of the area as much as possible and use appropriate respiratory protection where possible to filter out any DU dust. If it is necessary to approach the area, limit your time in the immediate area, dust off clothing upon leaving before removing your respiratory protection, and take care to wash all exposed areas of skin as soon as possible. Dispose of contaminated clothing in accordance with AR 11-9.

3-68

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WARNING For M1A1 and M1A2 tanks, or any other tanks or vehicles, that have been hit in combat by DU munitions or burned while M829 DU rounds were uploaded, or damaged in accidents refer to TB 9-1300-278, “Guidelines for Safe Response to Handling, Storage, and Transportation Accidents involving Army Tank Munitions or Armor that Contains Depleted Uranium.” To recover any vehicles that have been hit in combat involving DU armor and/or DU munitions or burned with DU rounds uploaded, contact your chain of command in accordance with AR 700-48.

CAUTION Dust mixed with oil makes an abrasive mixture that can damage weapons severely. In extreme conditions, it may be necessary to operate weapons with no lubrication on external surfaces, as damage to weapon will be less than that caused by the dust and oil mixture.

NOTE Check replenisher on recoil system for adequate oil. Firing at increased ambient and gun temperatures can cause premature seal wear and excessive leakage.

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NOTE For 105mm ammunition fired at ambient temperatures above 105°F (40.6°C), double the Equivalent Full Charge (EFC) factor for each round. For 120mm ammunition, the EFC factor is 1.0 for all rounds,

a. Make sure tank hatches and covers are closed when tank is not in use.

b. Cover tank with tarpaulin cover when tank is not in use.

c. Keep main gun elevation cylinder shaft wiped clean of sand and dust during operation.

d. Keep main gun muzzle cover on and breechblock closed when the tactical situation permits.

e. Breech operating cam should be set as slow as practical, consistent with proper case base extraction.

f. M239/M250 Grenade Launchers.

1. Keep tubes covered when the launchers are loaded to prevent sand from accumulating in the bottom of the tubes. Accumulation of sand could prevent proper loading of grenades.

2. Clean tubes, especially the firing pin, to be sure the pins are free of oil. Oil-covered pins could become coated with sand, preventing proper electrical contact and launching of grenades.

3-70

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3. Check the drain holes of the Iauncher to be sure they are not clogged, so that burst distance is not affected.

4. Do not remove and reload grenades unless cleaning of the grenades and smoke launchers can be accomplished.

3-32. M1A1/M1A2 Tank.

M1A1/M1A2 TANK OCCUPANCY TIMES

WARNING There is no radiation exposure to personnel within the turret crew compartment either from stowed DU tank rounds or from DU armor in M1A1/M1A2 tanks because of the vehicle’s interior design, shielding, and stowage location of the DU tank rounds. The driver of such vehicles can be exposed to a low level of radiation from either overhead DU armor or from stowed rounds in the bustle rack depending on the position of the tank barrel, if the driver’s hatch is not closed. However, this radiation level is low and considered safe, even during wartime. The DU armor is located in the front portion of the turret with exposure to low levels of radiation possible if in direct contact with the top, front or frontal side surfaces of the turret.

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120MM TANK BARRELS

WARNING Normal firings of 120mm depleted uranium (DU) tank rounds do cause radioactive contamination of the interior of those tank barrels. The level of DU contamination at accessible interior surfaces of those barrels is very low and is considered safe. However, as a safe measure, you should wear gloves, if you must handle the muzzle opening or bore evacuator. A radiation safety officer should check worn out gun tubes with a PDR-77 or VDR-2 (with beta shield open). Worn out gun barrels that are found contaminated should be marked as radioactive waste. Tank barrels can be field cleaned, even if found to be radioactively contaminated. Follow barrel field cleaning procedures found in TM 9-2350-264-10-2 for the M1A1 or TM 9-2350-288-10-2 for the M1A2 120mm barrels.

If battle conditions warrant, collect and turn in generated waste as directed, such as rags and cleaning fluid for low level radioactive waste disposition. Mop up all excess cleaning fluid with rags, and double-bag all trash, including gloves. Be sure the tag lists: CONTENTS (gloves, rags, towels, etc). ISOTOPE (depleted uranium). Barrels found to be no longer useable, which have fired DU rounds, should be so annotated at time of turn-in. Contact your local radiation protection officer (RPO) for disposal instructions.

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WARNING Only fire M900 KE rounds from M68A1 cannons with breechblock serial numbers greater than 4803. Disregard initial delivery container marking, "Not for use in breechblock below serial number 6000." Incorrect application could result in injury or death.

a. Update ammunition temperature often, especially in the morning and after sunset, to avoid adverse effects on the tank’s computer ballistic solutions.

b. Keep weapons clean and use a minimum of lubrication.

c. To prevent clogging of gun barrels, keep muzzles covered with thin material that can be fired through without risk of explosion.

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Figure 3-10. M1A1/M1A2 Turret Ammo Door Maintenance d. Do not leave weapons or main gun tube wet with CLP after cleaning. Sand and

grit build-up increases the probability of misfires.

e. Inspect and maintain turret ready and stowage ammunition doors (see fig. 3-10).

1. Inspect rails (4) of ready ammunition door (2) and stowage ammunition door (3). Check for dirt and other debris collected in the rails (4). Clean rails only with water-dampened, clean rags. If rails are damaged, notify organizational maintenance.

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2. Open ready and stowage ammunition doors manually for inspection. Inspect seals (1) around ready ammunition door (2) and stowage ammunition door (3) for damage after operation in dust or sand. If seals (1) are damaged, notify organizational maintenance.

3. Notify organizational maintenance to lubricate seals (1) and rails (4) of ready ammunition door (2) and stowage ammunition door (3). Lubricate upper and lower rollers (5) and latching mechanism (6).

3-33. Bridge Erection Boat.

a. Operation in Extreme Heat.

1. Keep engine coolant at recommended level.

2. Do not fill the fuel tank above full mark on dipstick. Allow room for expansion of fuel.

3. Increase battery PMCS. Distilled water or a good grade drinking water (excluding mineral waters) may be used to bring electrolytes to proper levels.

3-75

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b. Contamination and Corrosion in Electrical Connectors.

CAUTION

Disassembly and inspection of equipment returning from Europe and Southwest Asia indicates that prolonged exposure to high heat, extreme cold or salt water results in premature breakdown and corrosion in electrical connectors particularly behind the main instrument panel, at the junction boxes, main mast connectors and in the engine compartment. If left uncorrected, electrical system performance will deteriorate with increasing component failures and wiring harness problems. Frequent inspection, cleaning and preservation of connectors, pins and insulators along with associated wiring will correct these problems.

1. During the next scheduled service or maintenance activity, thoroughly inspect all of the following wiring harnesses and connectors for contamination (sand, ice, water) and corrosion (dry rotting, mildew, fungus, rust):

(a) Main mast at base and side junction box

(b) Engine wiring harness screened control box

(c) Both junction boxes (under instrument panel)

(d) Instrument panel

(e) Searchlight connector(s)

3-76

TB 9-1000-262-DT

(f) Master switch and battery connectors

2. Disconnect connector(s) and brush away sand or other contamination.

� � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

� � �

3. Remove moisture/water/ice by wiping or drying.

4. Remove corrosion with pencil eraser, taking care not to damage pins or pushing them into connector body.

5. Remove mildew and other corrosion with wire brush or crocus cloth, replace if necessary.

6. Use a vacuum cleaner (if available) or compressed air to remove residual dust, grit particles from connectors.

3-77

TB 9-1000-262-DT

� � � � � � �

Wear appropriate safety equipment (goggles, face shield, gloves, respirator) when using compressed air.

c. Other Unusual Environment/Weather Conditions. For other unusual environment/weather conditions, refer to TM 5-2940-277-10.

3-34. Bridge Erection Boat Cradle. For operations under unusual conditions, refer to TM 5-2090-202-12&P.

3-35. Medium Girder Bridge. For operations under unusual conditions, refer to TM 5-5420-212-10-1.

3-36. Improved Floating Bridge.

Operation of Bridge in Hot and Dry Conditions. a.

1. Follow all procedures for operation during normal conditions and the following special instructions:

3-78

TB 9-1000-262-DT

(a) Check fluid and coolant levels frequently for proper levels.

(b) Check filter frequently for contamination.

(c) Keep moving parts clean and well lubricated.

(d) Avoid excessive handling of metallic surfaces.

(e) Vent bilges periodically.

(f) Remove buildup of sand or debris from working surfaces.

b. Other Unusual Environment/Weather Conditions. For other unusual environment/weather conditions, refer to TM 5-5420-209-12.

3-37. Improved Ribbon Bridge.

a. Operation in Extreme Heat or Dry Conditions.

1. Follow all procedures for normal conditions and the following special instructions:

(a) Check fluid levels more frequently.

(b) Keep moving parts clean and well lubricated.

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Section IX. AIR DEFENSE 3-38. General.

a. Minimize exposure of fire control system to direct sun rays as much as possible.

b. Keep the sun off ammo with tarps or camouflage nets (see chap. 2). Pay particular attention to headspace requirements to allow airflow between the tarp/net and ammunition.

c. Park under shelter or use raised tarps or camouflage nets if available.

d. Inspect and clean the cannon on a daily basis and before and after each use.

e. Perform battery maintenance daily.

f. Lubricate turret bearing completely to force out lubricants contaminated by sand or dust.

g. Make sure only a thin film of oil is on breech bolt assemblies before operating cannon.

h. Apply only a thin film of lubricant; do not overlubricate the cannon and feed system. Remove excess lubricant.

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TB 9-1000-262-DT

Section X. AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT 3-39. Rocket Launchers.

a. Rocket Pods.

1. Use environmental covers.

2. If pods are not covered, clean more frequently.

3. Use relief valves installed in peculiar ground support equipment to release heat-induced pressure build-up.

4. Do not overlubricate.

3-40. Apache.

a. Protect the M230 Gun and Target Acquisition and Designation Sight/Pilot’s Night Vision Sensor (TADS/PNVS) from sand and dust by keeping them covered when the aircraft is on the ground. At an absolute minimum, ensure that the M230 muzzle cover is in place. Use the gun bag if available.

b. Minimize the amount of grease applied to the ammunition handling system chutes and rails, and to the M230’s chain. Excess grease will trap blowing sand and dust and degrade system operation. Even with minimal grease applied, it will be necessary to periodically wipe the system down to remove dust laden grease and reapply a light, fresh coat.

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c. Depending upon the environmental conditions in your area of operations, it may be necessary to increase your preventive maintenance checks and services by decreasing the time interval between services. Time interval reductions will vary with your unit’s particular situation.

3-41. Blackhawk XM144 Armament Subsystem (M60D Gun). Stow the weapon inside the aircraft during non-operational periods and whenever practical.

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APPENDIX A. REFERENCES A-1. General. This appendix lists all technical manuals and forms referenced in this manual.

AR 11-9............................. The Army Radiation Safety Program

AR 700-22......................... Worldwide Ammunition Reporting System

AR 700-48......................... Management of Equipment Contaminated with Depleted Uranium or Radioactive Commodities

AR 75-1............................. Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives

DA Form 2028 .................. Recommended Changes To Publications and Blank Forms

DA Form 2415 .................. Ammunition Condition Report

DA Pam 738-750 .............. The Army Maintenance Management System

FM 21-11 .......................... First Aid for Soldiers

FM 9-13 ............................ Ammunition Handling

SB 742-1........................... Ammunition Surveillance Procedures

SC 5180-95-B29 ............... Shop Equipment, Instrument and Fire Control System Repair: Field Maintenance

A-1

TB 9-1000-262-DT

TB 43-0221-1 and 2.......... Delayed Desert Damage

TB 43-0239 ....................... Maintenance in the Desert

TB 9-1300-278.................. Guidelines for Safe Response to Handling, Storage, and Transportation Accidents Involving Army Tank Munitions or Armor that Contains Depleted Uranium

TM 5-1940-277-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Aluminum Hull Twin Jet Bridge Erection Boat, Models USCSBMK1 and USCSBMK2

TM 5-2090-202-12&P ....... Operator’s and Unit Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Aluminum Hull Twin Jet Bridge Erection Boat Cradle

TM 5-5420-212-10-1......... Operator’s Manual for Medium Girder Bridge Including Bridge Set, Bridge Erection Set, Link Reinforcement Set

TM 5-5420-209-12 ............ Operator’s and Unit Maintenance Manual for Improved Float Bridge (Ribbon Bridge) Consisting of: Transporter CONDEC Model 2280, CONDEC Model 2305, PACAR Model 9999, Southwest Model Rbt 2282, Interior Bay CONDEC Model 2282, CONDEC Model 2307, Space Model 66981, Ramp Bay CONDEC Model 2281, CONDEC Model 2306, Space Model 6698R

A-2

TB 9-1000-262-DT

TM 9-1000-202-14 ............ Evaluation of Cannon Tubes

TM 9-1005-201-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Machine Gun, 5.56MM, M249

TM 9-1005-201-23& P ...... Organizational and Direct Support Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Machine Gun: 5.56MM, M249

TM 9-1005-210-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Machine Gun, 5.56mm, M249 W/Equipment

TM 9-1005-213-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Machine Gun, .50 Cal, Browning, M2

TM 9-1005-224-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M60 W/E and Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M60D W/E

TM 9-1005-306-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for 7.62mm M24 Sniper Weapon System (SWS)

TM 9-1005-313-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Machine Gun, 7.62mm, M240 Series

TM 9-1005-317-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Pistol, Semiautomatic, 9mm, M9

TM 9-1005-319-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for M16 Rifle Series and M4 Carbine Series

A-3

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TM 9-1005-325-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Pistol, Compact, 9mm, M11; Pistol, Compact, 9mm, M11 With Tritium Sights

TM 9-1010-221-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Grenade Launcher, 40-MM: M203; Grenade Launcher, 40-MM: M203A1

TM 9-1010-230-10 ............ Operator’s Manual and Components List for Machine Gun, 40-MM, MK19 Mod 3

TM 9-1010-230-23& P ...... Organizational and Intermediate Direct Maintenance Manual with Repair Parts and Special Tools List for Machine Gun, 40-MM, MK19 Mod 3

TM 9-1015-215-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for 4.2-inch Mortar, M30

TM 9-1015-234-20 ............ Organizational Maintenance Manual for Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105mm, M102

TM 9-1015-234-34 ............ Direct and General Support Maintenance Manual for Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105mm, M102

TM 9-1015-252-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Howitzer, Light, Towed: 105mm, M119A1

A-4

TB 9-1000-262-DT

TM 9-1015-252-20&P ....... Organizational Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List) for Howitzer, Light, Towed, 155mm, M119A1

TM 9-1025-211-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Howitzer, Medium, Towed: 155mm, M198

TM 9-1090-208-23-1-1...... Aviation Unit and Intermediate Maintenance Manual for and 1-2 .......................... Armament Subsystem, Helicopter, M139; Gun, Automatic,

30-MM, M230; Rocket Management Subsystem, Inventory-Deployment: M140 (Used on AH-64A Helicopter)

TM 9-1300-206 ................. Ammunition and Explosives Standards

TM 9-1315-886-12 ............ Operator’s and Unit Maintenance Manual, Launcher and Cartridge, 84 Millimeter: M136 (AT4)

TM 9-2320-280-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Truck, Utility: Armament Carrier, Armored, 1 1/4 Ton, 4 x 4, M1025A2

TM 9-2340-284-10-1......... Operator’s Manual for High Survivability Fighting Vehicle, Infantry M2A2 and Fighting Vehicle, Cavalry, M3A2, Hull

TM 9-2350-252-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for Fighting Vehicle, Infantry M2, M2A1 and Fighting Vehicle, Calvalry M3, M3A1 Turret

A-5

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TM 9-2350-264-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for Operation Under Usual and Unusual Conditions for Tank, Combat, Full-Tracked: 120-MM Gun, M1A1, General Abrams; Vol 2 of 2

TM 9-2350-284-10-1-1...... Operator’s Manual for High Survivability Fighting Vehicle, Infantry, Operation Desert Storm M2A2ODS, and Fighting Vehicle, Cavalry, Operation Desert Storm M3A2ODS Hull

TM 9-2350-284-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for High Survivability, Fighting Vehicle Infantry M2A2 and Fighting Vehicle, Cavalry, M3A2 Turret

TM 9-2350-284-10-2-1...... Operator’s Manual for High Survivability Fighting Vehicle, Infantry, Operation Desert Storm M2A2ODS and Fighting Vehicle, Cavalry, Operation Desert Storm M3A2ODS, Turret

TM 9-2350-288-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for Operations Under Usual and Unusual Conditions for Tank, Combat, Full-Tracked: 120-MM Gun, M1A2, General Abrams, Vol 2 of 2

TM 9-2350-294-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for Fighting Vehicle, Infantry M2A3 and Fighting Vehicle, Cavalry M3A3, Turret

TM 9-2350-297-10-2......... Operator’s Manual for Bradley Fire Support Vehicle, M7, Turret

A-6

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TM 9-2350-361-10-2-1...... Operator’s Manual for Carrier, Personnel, Full-Tracked Air Defense: Bradley Linebacker, M6, Turret

TM 9-2350-362-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Striker Fire Support Vehicle, M707

TM 9-2350-311-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Howitzer, Medium, Self-Propelled, 155-MM M109A2 and 155-MM M109A3, 155-mm M109A4 and 155-mm M109A5

TM 9-2350-314-10 ............ Operator’s Manual for Howitzer, Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 mm, M109A6

TM 9-6140-200-14 ........... Operator’s, Organizational, Direct Support, and General Support Maintenance Manual for Lead-Acid Storage Batteries: 4HN, 14 Volt, MS75047-1; 2HN, 12 Volt, MS35000-1; 6TN, 12 Volt, MS35000-3

TM 43-0001-28 ................ Army Ammunition Data Sheets for Artillery Ammunition: Guns, Howitzers, Mortars, Recoilless Rifles, Grenade Launchers and Artillery Fuzes (Federal Supply Class 1305 thru 1390)

A-7/(A-8 blank)

TB 9-1000-262-DT

APPENDIX B. AMMUNITION PROJECTILE/FUZE/PROP CHARGE CROSS REFERENCE

B-1. This appendix cross references ammunition authorized for use with the following weapons systems: Page • Table B-1. Cartridge/Fuze Combinations for Mortars ............................. B-4

• Table B-2. 105 MM Artillery Ammunition Cartridges and Fuzes for Use in Cannon, 105 MM, M1A1/M2A2/M137/M137A1/M137E1 for Howitzer, Towed, M102 ............................................................................... B-8

• Table B-3. Cartridges and Fuzes for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1 ..................................................................................... B-10

• Table B-4. Authorized Projectiles for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1 ..................................................................................... B-21

• Table B-5. Authorized Projectile and Fuze Combinations for Howitzer, Medium, Towed: 155 MM: M198 ................................................. B-26

• Table B-6. Authorized Projectile and Propelling Charge Combinations for Howitzer, Medium, Towed, 155 MM, M198 ..................... B-31

B-1

TB 9-1000-262-DT

APPENDIX B. AMMUNITION PROJECTILE/FUZE/PROP CHARGE CROSS REFERENCE (CONT)

Page • Table B-7. Authorized Projectile and Fuze Combinations for

Howitzer, Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon....................................................................................... B-37

• Table B-8. Authorized Projectile and Propelling Charge Combinations for Howitzer, Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon ................................................... B-40

B-2

TB 9-1000-262-DT

This page intentionally blank

B-3

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-1. Cartridge/Fuze Combinations for Mortars

FUZE PD MT

CANNON (WEAPON)

CARTRIDGE

FUZE

DO

DIC

M8

N33

8

M48

A3

N

318

W/A

DA

PTER

M52

1

NA

M52

4

N

308

SER

IES

M52

5

NA

SE

RIE

S

M52

6

NA

SE

RIE

S

M52

7

NA

SE

RIE

S

M55

7

N

335

M73

9

N

340

M56

7

N

334

M56

2

N

283

M58

5

N

248

M57

7

N

285

60 MM: (M2, M119, M224) HE, M720 HE, M49 SERIES

X

ILLUM, M83 SERIES

SMOKE, WP, M302 SERIES

X

TP, M50A2E1, (M50A3) C463

X

81 MM: (M1, M309, M29A1) HE, M362 SERIES C477

X X

HE, M374 SERIES

X X X

ILLUM, M301 SERIES

B-4

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-1. Cartridge/Fuze Combinations for Mortars (Cont)

FUZE MTSQ T PROX

CANNON (WEAPON)

CARTRIDGE

FUZE

DO

DIC

M52

0

N

280

SER

IES

M54

8

N

282

M56

4

N

278

M65

NA

M

65A

1 M

84,

N

A

M84

A1

M51

3

N

412

SER

IES

M53

2

N

402

M72

8

N

463

M73

2

N

464

M73

4

N

288

MU

LTI-O

PTIO

N

60 MM: (M2, M119, M224) HE, M720 X

HE, M49 SERIES

ILLUM, M83 SERIES X


TP, M50A2E1, (M50A3)

81 MM: (M1, M309, M29A1)

HE, M362 SERIES X

HE, M374 SERIES X

ILLUM, M301 SERIES X

B-5


FUZE PD MT

CANNON (WEAPON)

CARTRIDGE

FUZE

DO

DIC

M8

N33

8

M48

A3

N

318

W/A

DA

PTER

M52

1

NA

M52

4

N

308

SER

IES

M52

5

NA

SE

RIE

S M

526

N

A

SER

IES

M52

7

NA

SE

RIE

S M

557

N33

5

M73

9

N

340

M56

7

N

334

M56

2

N

283

M58

5

N

248

M57

7

N

285

SMOKE, WP M57 SERIES

X


X X X

TP, M43 SERIES X

4.2 IN (M2, M30) CS, M630

HE, M329A2 X

HE, M329, M329A1 X

ILLUM, M335A1 X

ILLUM, M335A2 X X


X X

X = Authorized. P = Requires removal of supplementary charge if present.

B-6


FUZE MTSQ T PROX

CANNON (WEAPON)

CARTRIDGE

FUZE

DO

DIC

M52

0

N

280

SER

IES

M54

8

N

282

M56

4

N

278

M65

NA

M

65A

1

M84

,

NA

M

84A

1

M51

3

N

412

SER

IES

M53

2

N

402

M72

8

N

463

M73

2

N

464

M73

4

N

288

MU

LTI-O

PTIO

N

SMOKE, WP M57 SERIES

SMOKE, WP, M375 SERIES X

TP, M43 SERIES

4.2 IN (M2, M30) CS, M630 X

HE, M329A2 X P X

HE, M329, M329A1 X X P P X

ILLUM, M335A1

ILLUM, M335A2


X = Authorized. P = Requires removal of supplementary charge if present.

B-7

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-2. 105 MM Artillery Ammunition Cartridges and Fuzes for Use in Cannon, 105 MM,

M1A1/M2A2/M137/M137A1/M137E1 for Howitzer, Towed, M102 PD MECHANICAL TIME

FU

ZE

DO

DIC

:

M55

7

N33

5 M

739

N

340

M54

8

N28

2

M56

3E2/

E3/E

4

* M56

4

N27

8

M56

5

N24

8

M76

7

N29

0

M57

7

N28

5

M58

2

N28

6

M50

1/50

1A1

N

276

CARTRIDGE DODIC M1, HE C445 X X X X X M327, HEP-T C448 M314A3, ILUM C449 X X X M444, ICM C462 X1 X1 M548, RAP C463 X X X X M629, TAC, CS C468 X X M60, SMK-WP C477 X X X X X M84A1, HC C479 X X X M546, APERS-T C513 X M84B1, LEAFLET C450 X M927 HERA C544 X X X X

1. (MOD) * No DODIC; not separately issued.

B-8

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-2. 105 MM Artillery Ammunition Cartridges and Fuzes for Use in Cannon, 105 MM,

M1A1/M2A2/M137/M137A1/M137E1 for Howitzer, Towed, M102 (Cont) PROX BD MOFA

FU

ZE

DO

DIC

:

M72

8

N

463

M73

2

N

464

M50

9A1

* M91

/A1/

A2

* M76

2

M78

2

CARTRIDGE DODIC M1, HE C445 X X M327, HEP-T C448 X M314A3, ILUM C449 X M444, ICM C462 M548, RAP C463 X X M629, TAC, CS C468 M60, SMK-WP C477 X M84A1, HC C479 X M546, APERS-T C513 M84B1, LEAFLET C450 M927 HERA C544 X X

1. (MOD) * No DODIC; not separately issued.

B-9

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-3. Cartridges and Fuzes for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1

FUZES

PD MT

M557/ M572

M739 Series

M78A1/MK399 MOD1 Series1

M563 Series

M565

Type and Model No. of Cartridge

Firing Limitations

dPICM, M915 M119A1 Howitzer only, for Zone 8 only.

dPICM, M916 Zones 4 through 7 only. X X X HE, M1 (Normal

Cavity)5

X X X HE, M1 (Deep Cavity)5 M513 or M728 fuzes are not to be fired at Charge 7 except under emergency combat conditions.

X APERS-T, M546 Not to be fired overhead of friendly troops. Restricted to Charge 7 for targets between 275 and 400 meters, firing at Charge 6 with a fuze setting of 0.5 seconds is permitted.

X – As issued or comparable P – Requires removal of supplementary charge if present

B-10

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-3. Cartridges and Fuzes for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1 (Cont)

FUZES MTSQ BD MOFA

M501 Series

M548

M564 M577 Series

M582 Series

M91 Series

M7822

Type and Model No.

of Cartridge

Firing Limitations

X dPICM, M915

M119A1 Howitzer only, for Zone 8 only.

X dPICM, M916

Zones 4 through 7 only

X X X HE, M1 (Normal Cavity)5

X X X HE, M1 (Deep Cavity)5

M513 or M728 fuzes are not to be fired at Charge 7 except under emergency combat conditions.

APERS-T, M546

Not to be fired overhead of friendly troops. Restricted to Charge 7 for targets between 275 and 400 meters, firing at Charge 6 with a fuze setting of 0.5 seconds is permitted.


B-11

TB 9-1000-262-DT

Table B-3. Cartridges and Fuzes for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1 (Cont) FUZES - Continued

VT ET M513

Series3,4 M7284 M732

Series M762

Series2 M767

Series2


Firing Limitations

X dPICM, M915 M119A1 Howitzer only, for Zone 8 only.

X dPICM, M916 Zones 4 through 7 only. X X HE, M1 (Normal

Cavity)5

P3 P X X HE, M1 (Deep Cavity) 5

M513 or M728 fuzes are not to be fired at Charge 7 except under emergency combat conditions.

APERS-T, M546 Not to be fired overhead of friendly troops. Restricted to Charge 7 for targets between 275 and 400 meters, firing at Charge 6 with a fuze setting of 0.5 seconds is permitted.


B-12


FUZES

PD MT

M557/ M572

M739 Series


M563 Series

M565


Firing Limitations

Smoke, BE, M84/M84B1

X Smoke, BE, M84A1 X X Smoke, WP, M60

Series6

X X HERA, M5485 Charge 7 authorized rocket-on and rocket-off modes. Charges 3, 4, 5, and 6 authorized rocket-off only under emergency combat conditions.

X X Gas, H or HD, M607

X X Gas, GB, M3607

X HE, M4448


B-13


FUZES MTSQ BD MOFA

M501 Series

M548

M564 M577 Series

M582 Series

M91 Series

M7822

Type and Model No.

of Cartridge

Firing Limitations

X Smoke, BE, M84/M84B1

X X Smoke, BE, M84A1

X X X Smoke, WP, M60 Series6

X X HERA, M5485

Charge 7 authorized rocket-on and rocket-off modes. Charges 3, 4, 5, and 6 authorized rocket-off only under emergency combat conditions.

Gas H or HD, M607

Gas, GB, M3607

X HE, M4448

X – As issued or comparable P – Requires removal of supplementary charge if present B-14

TB 9-1000-262-DT


VT ET M513

Series3,4

M7284 M732 Series

M762 Series2

M767 Series2


Firing Limitations

Smoke, BE, M84/M84B1

X Smoke, BE, M84A1

X Smoke, WP, M60 Series6

P4 X HERA, M548 5 Charge 7 authorized rocket-on and rocket-off modes. Charges 3,4, 5, and 6 authorized rocket-off only under emergency combat conditions.

Gas, H or HD, M607 Gas, GB, M3607 HE, M4448


B-15


FUZES

PD MT

M557/ M572

M739 Series


M563 Series

M565


Firing Limitations

HEP/HEP-T, M327 ILLUM, M314,

M314A1, M314A2

X ILLUM, M314A3 TP-T, M67 X Tactical, CS, M629

X X HE, M760 M119A1 Howitzer only. For Zone 8 only.

X10 X HERA, M913, M927 M913 for M119A1 Howitzer only. M927 Zone 7 rocket on and rocket off only. Observe rocket assist safety zone - 5000 meters from target area. Do not fire overhead of unprotected troops during training.


B-16


FUZES MTSQ BD MOFA

M501 Series

M548

M564 M577 Series

M582 Series

M91 Series

M7822

Type and Model No.

of Cartridge

Firing Limitations

X HEP/HEP-T, M327

X ILLUM, M314, M314A1, M314A2

X X ILLUM, M314A3

X9 TP-T, M67 .

X Tactical, CS, M629

X X HE, M760 M119A1 Howitzer only. For Zone 8 only.

X X HERA, M913, M927

M913 for M119A1 Howitzer only. M927 Zone 7 rocket on and rocket off only. Observe rocket assist safety zone - 5000 meters from target area. Do not fire overhead of unprotected troops during training.

B-17 X – As issued or comparable P – Requires removal of supplementary charge if present

TB 9-1000-262-DT


VT ET M513

Series3,4

M7284 M732 Series

M762 Series2

M767 Series2

Type and Model No. of

Cartridge

Firing Limitations

HEP/HEP-T, M327

ILLUM, M314, M314A1, M314A2

X ILLUM, M314A3

TP-T, M67 Tactical, CS,

M629

X5 X HE, M760 M119A1 Howitzer only. For Zone 8 only.


B-18

TB 9-1000-262-DT


VT ET M513

Series3,4

M7284 M732 Series

M762 Series2

M767 Series

2


Firing Limitations

X5,11 X HERA, M913, M927

M913 for M119A1 Howitzer only. M927 Zone 7 rocket on and rocket off only. Observe rocket assist safety zone – 5000 meters from target area. Do not fire overhead of unprotected troops during training.

X – As issued or comparable P – Requires removal of supplementary charge if present NOTE 1: Refer to TM 9-1015-252-10 for expected performance against MOUT targets. NOTE 2: To set the M782 and M762/M767 series fuzes using the M1155 Portable Inductive Artillery Fuze Setter

(PIAFS), refer to TM 9-1290-210-12&P. NOTE 3: Do not fire M513 series fuzes outside the following temperatures: lower than 0°F. Upper limit +120°F. Use

M5 desensitizing cap on M513 series fuzes only. NOTE 4: Rounds with M728 and M513 SER fuzes cannot be fired at Zone 7 except under emergency combat

conditions. NOTE 5: Most HE rounds are issued without fuze. NOTE 6: The M60A2 WP smoke round is issued without fuze. NOTE 7: Some gas projectiles may come with the M508 PD fuze. NOTE 8: The M444 cartridges are assembled with modified M548 MTSQ or M565 MT fuzes which incorporate an

expelling charge. Do not use standard M548 or M565 fuzes with the M444 projectiles. NOTE 9: The M67 TP-T cartridges contain empty fuze bodies with a tracer. NOTE 10: M557 only. NOTE 11: Only the M732A2 fuze may be used for this combination.

B-19

TB 9-1000-262-DT

WARNING Unauthorized assembly and use of projectiles and propelling charges are extremely dangerous. Ensure projectiles are marked 105H and not 105G.

The weight zone markings are identified by one or more squares with or without a triangle of the same color as the marking. Two squares indicate standard or normal weight. Composition B loaded ammunition for the 105-mm howitzer contains an additional zone known as 2 1/2 (□□ ∆).

B-20

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-4. Authorized Projectiles for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1

Model Abbreviation Type Use M546* APERS-T Flechette-loaded, aluminum projectile

with MT, M563 fuze set on muzzle actions (MA)

Antipersonnel (effective in dense foliage)

M1 and M760

HE High explosive-bursting Antipersonnel, blast, mining

M60 H/HD Bursting, chemical- mustard/distilled mustard

Antipersonnel, nonpersistent

M360 GB Bursting, chemical-sarin Antipersonnel, nonpersistent M327 HEP/HEP-T High explosive, bursting/high explosive

bursting tracer Defeat armor (effective against concrete and timber targets)

M314 M314A1 M314A2

ILLUM Base ejection projectile, parachute candle for use with M501/M501A1 and M762 fuzes only

Illumination

M314A3 ILLUM Base ejection projectile, parachute candle for use with M548, M565, and M577 Series fuzes

Illumination

M60 Series

SMOKE, WP Bursting chemical Screening, spotting, incendiary

M84A1 SMOKE, HC Base-ejection projectile with canisters for use with fuzes M548, M565, M577, or M762

Screening/target identification signaling

M84B1 SMOKE, HC/colored

Base-ejection projectile canisters for use with M501/M501A1 fuze only

Screen/target identification signaling

M444 ICM High-explosive bouncing grenades Antipersonnel M913 HERA High-explosive bursting rocket assist Antipersonnel blast, mining M915 dPICM High-explosive grenades Antipersonnel, light armor

B-21

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-4. Authorized Projectiles for Howitzer, Light, Towed, M105 MM: M119A1 (Cont)

Model Abbreviation Type Use M916 dPICM High-explosive grenades Antipersonnel, light armor M548 HERA High-explosive rocket assisted Antipersonnel, blast, mining M629 Tactical CS Base ejection projectile with CS canisters Riot control M927 HERA High-explosive rocket assisted Antipersonnel blast, mining

*Dispersion pattern for M546 set on MA (muzzle action) and time shown in following diagrams.

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� � � � � � � � 0 � � � � � �

" � $ �

B-22

TB 9-1000-262-DT

� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

! � � � "

# � � � "

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# $ � " $ � � " � � � " % � � " & % � "

" � � ' � �

( � � ) � �

* � ) � �

* � � � � � � �

� � � � + � � � � � �

, � � � � � � �

, � � � � � � � � + � � � � � - 1 � � � � . � � � � � � � � � " " � � + � 1 / � � � 0 � � � � � � � " � $ �

� � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �

2 � � � � � * � ) �

1 � � � �

/ � � � � � �

� � � % � � "

1 � � � � � 3

1 � � � � � 3 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � * � ) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 � � � � � � � � � �

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B-23

TB 9-1000-262-DT

AUTHORIZED PROJECTILES, FUZES, AND PROPELLING CHARGES FOR M198 155 MM MEDIUM TOWED HOWITZER

WARNING The M728 proximity fuze shall not be used with the M203 series propelling charge. Premature malfunction could result.

WARNING Only those items listed are authorized. Firing of unauthorized propelling charge, projectile, or fuze combinations can result in critical malfunctions. Charge 1 (M3 series green bag) will not be fired in the M199 cannon. Charge 2 (green bag charge (GB)) may be used with any M100 series projectile, M449, M804, M804A1, and the M485 projectile; however, stickers may occasionally be encountered. All other projectiles except the M795 use minimum charge 3 (GB) or charge 3 (white bag charge (WB)) and above. M795 uses minimum charge 3 (GB) or charge 4 (WB). Firing below these charges may result in stickers.

B-24

TB 9-1000-262-DT

NOTE Listed below are the EFC ratings for the M198 155 mm medium towed howitzer.

Zone EFC

8-S 1.000 8 0.500 7 Red 0.500 7 White 0.150 3-6 0.075 1-5 Green 0.075 M231 1 0.050 M231 2 0.150 M232 3 0.100 M232 4 0.250 M232 5 1.00

B-25

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-5. Authorized Projectile and Fuze Combinations for Howitzer, Medium,

Towed, 155 MM: M198

Fuze

PD MT MTSQ

PROJECTILES

MK

399

7 M

od 1

M55

7/M

572

M73

9 Se

ries

M56

5

M50

1 Se

ries

M56

4

M57

7 Se

ries

M58

2 Se

ries

Agent, H, HD, M110 X X X X Agent, GB, VX, M121A11 X X Agent, GB2, M687 X X HERA, M549/M549A16 X X X X HE, M107 (Normal Cavity) X X X X X HE, M107 (Deep Cavity) X X X X X HE, M795 X X X X HE, M449 Series X X HE, M483A1 X3 HE, M864 X3

B-26


Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont)

Fuze

PROX ET MOFA

PROJECTILES

M72

87

M73

2 Se

ries

M51

4 Se

ries2,

4

M76

2 Se

ries

M76

7 Se

ries

M78

2

Agent, H, HD, M110 X X Agent, GB, VX, M121A11 P X X Agent, GB2, M687 X HERA, M549/M549A16 X5 X X HE, M107 (Normal Cavity) X X X HE, M107 (Deep Cavity) P X P X X HE, M795 X X X HE, M449 Series X HE, M483A1 X3 HE, M864 X3

B-27


Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont)

Fuze

PD MT MTSQ

PROJECTILES

MK

399

7 M

od 1

M55

7/M

572

M73

9 Se

ries

M56

5

M50

1 Se

ries

M56

4

M57

7 Se

ries

M58

2 Se

ries

Illuminating, M485 Series X X SMOKE, HC, Colored, BE, M116, M116B1

X

SMOKE, HC, BE, M116A1 X X SMOKE, WP, M110 Series X X X X SMOKE, WP, M825/M825A1 X HE, M692/M731 (ADAM) X AT, M718, M718A1, M741, M741A1 (RAAM)

X

PRACTICE, M804 X X X X PRACTICE, M804A1 X X X X HE, M898 (SADARM) X8

*Use only M577A1 fuzes (DODIC NAIO, NSN 1390-01-462-0661, Lot #HAT 90M033-011) with Projectile, M155: HE, M898 (SADARM). M577A1 fuzes are marked "M898 SADARM Compatible."

B-28

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-5. Authorized Projectile and Fuze Combinations for Howitzer,

Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont)

Fuze

PROX ET MOFA

PROJECTILES

M72

82

M73

2 Se

ries

M51

4 Se

ries2,

4

M76

2 Se

ries

M76

7 Se

ries

M78

2

Illuminating, M485 Series X SMOKE, HC, Colored, BE, M116, M116B1

SMOKE, HC, BE, M116A1 X SMOKE, WP, M110 Series X X SMOKE, WP, M825/M825A1 X HE, M692/M731 (ADAM) X AT, M718, M718A1, M741, M741A1 (RAAM)

X

PRACTICE, M804 X X X PRACTICE, M804A1 X X HE, M898 (SADARM)

1M728 and M732 fired with "VX" projectile in combat emergency only. 2The letter P shows compatibility for proximity fuzes that require removal of the supplementary charge to make room for the long intrusion fuze.

B-29


Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont) 3The M483A1/M864 projectile may be used for self-registration (as a spotting round) by replacing the expulsion charge assembly with a projectile spotting charge added to the M577 series or M762 fuzes. 4USMC Training Use only. Firing limits 0°F to 120°F (-18°C to +49°C). 5Only the M732A2 fuze may be used for this combination. 6The M549/M549A2 projectile may break up upon impact with urban structures and bunkers, rendering it ineffective penetrating at these targets. 7Refer to the description of the MK399 MOD 1 fuze in TM 9-1015-211-10 for expected performance against MOUT charges.

NOTE Authorized projectile and propelling charge combinations are given in Table B-6.

B-30

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-6. Authorized Projectile and Propelling Charge Combinations for Howitzer,

Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 Propelling Charge

(GB) M3A1

(WB) M4A1 and

M4A2

M119A1and

M119A2

M2318

M2328

Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge

PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 7, 81 8 1 2 3 4 5

Firing Warnings

M107, HE No2 x x No x x x x x x x No x x x x No M795, HE No No x x x No x x x x x x x x x x No M110 agent (H, HD)

No2 x x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No M110 agent burster loaded with tetrytol cannot be stored/fired at temperatures exceeding +125°F (+52°C)

M110 (M110E1), M110A1 (M110E2), M110A2 (M110E3), smoke (WP)

No2 x x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No M110 (M110E1) burster loaded with tetrytol cannot be stored/fired at temperatures exceeding +125°F (+52°C)

M203and

M203A1

NOTE PRIMER M82 is the only authorized primer to be used in the M199 cannon.

M203 series charge 8 is not equivalent to M119A1 charge 8.

B-31


Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont) Propelling Charge

(GB) M3A1

(WB) M4A1 and

M4A2

M119A1and

M119A2

M203and

M203A1

M2318

M2328


PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 7, 81 8 1 2 3 4 5

Firing Warnings

Do not fire WP projectiles known to have been stored other than base down. Firing of such projectiles could contribute to in-bore explosions or close-in premature malfunctions

M116, M116B1, Smoke, BE (HC)

No2 x x x x x x x x No No No x x x x No

M116A1, Smoke, BE, HC

No2 x x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No

M121A1, Agent (GB or VX)


M687 agent (GB2)

No2 No x x x x x x x x x No No No x x No Firing below charge 3 may result in stickers. 3

NOTE

PRIMER M82 is the only authorized primer to be used in the M199 cannon.


B-32

TB 9-1000-262-DT Table B-6. Authorized Projectile and Propelling Charge Combinations for

Howitzer, Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont) Propelling Charge

(GB) M3A1

(WB) M4A1 and

M4A2

M119A1and

M119A2

M203and

M203A1

M2318

M2328


PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 7, 81 8 1 2 3 4 5

Firing Warnings

M449, M449A1, HE, ICM


M483A1, HE, ICM

No2 No x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No Firing below charge 3 may result in stickers.3

M864, HE, ICM, extended range

No2 No No No No No No No No x x x No No x x No Firing below charge 3 may result in stickers. The M864 shall be fired to achieve ranges beyond the capabilities of the M483A1 projectile or when the M483A1 is not available.3

M485A1, M485A2 Illuminating

No2 x x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No M485A1 and M485A2 projectiles are not reliable when fired at charges 6, 7 and 8 with fuze settings of 10 seconds or less.

M549, HERA5 No2 No No No No No No No No x x No No No x x No The M549A1 may be fired with M203 series charge, but M549 must never be fired with M203 series charge.

NOTE


M203 series charge 8 is not equivalent to M119A1 charge 8. B-33



(GB) M3A1

(WB) M4A1 and

M4A2

M119A1and

M119A2

M203and

M203A1

M2318

M2328


PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 7, 81 8 1 2 3 4 5

Firing Warnings

M549A1, HERA5 No2 No No No No No No No No x x x No No x x No M692, HE (ADAM) No2 No x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No M731, HE (ADAM) No2 No x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No M718, M718A1, AT (RAAMS)

No2 No x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No

Firing below charge 3 may result instickers.3

M741, M741A1, AT (RAAMS)

No2 No x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No

M712, HEAT (Copper-head)

No2 No No x x No x x x x x No x x x x No

M804, M804A1 practice No2 x x x x x x x x x x No x x x x No

NOTE



B-34



(GB) M3A1

(WB) M4A1 and

M4A2

M119A1and

M119A2

M203and

M203A1

M2318

M2328


PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 7, 81 8 1 2 3 4 5

Firing Warnings

M825, (WP)6

smoke No2 No x x x x x x x x x No No No No No No Firing below charge 3

may result in stickers. M825 projectiles are restricted to firing below 950 mils elevation with the M203 series charge. Firing this combination at elevations exceeding 950 mils may result in short rounds. This limitation does not apply to M825A1 projectile.3

M825A1, (WP) smoke

No No x x x x x x x x x x x x x x No

(SADARM) HE, M898

No No x x x x x x x x x x x x x x No Do not fire with M232 (MACS) 5 and 6.7

1M119A2 charge 7 is equivalent to M119A1 charge 8. Refer to firing tables for small differences in velocity which affect range. 2Charge 1 must not be fired in the M199 cannon because of stickers. Firing at charge 2 may result in stickers occasionally. 3For bag charges only.

B-35


Medium, Towed, 155 MM: M198 (Cont) 5Do not fire the M549/M549A1 projectiles if the obturating band is missing or broken. If the band is displaced and can be repositioned and remain in the groove, the projectile can be fired. 6M825 projectiles (manufactured Jan 85-May 86) fired at temperatures above +110°F (43°C) (WP liquefied) have resulted in flight instability and short rounds. This instability does not occur below +110°F (43°C) (WP solid). This restriction does not apply to M825A1 projectile. 7Safety testing with M232 (MACS) 5 and 6 Propelling Charges was not performed. 8Do not load or fire M231 charges with M232 charges. Critical malfunction could result.

B-36


Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon FUZE

PD MT MTSQ PROX ET MOFA

PROJECTILES M

K 3

99 M

OD

1

M55

7/M

572

M73

9 Se

ries

M56

5

M56

4

M57

7 Se

ries

M58

2 Se

ries

M72

82

M73

2 Se

ries

M51

4 Se

ries2,

M76

2 Se

ries

M76

7 Se

ries

M78

2

Agent, H, HD, M110

X X X X X X

Agent, GB, VX, M121A1

X X P1

X1 X

HE, RA, M549/M549A15

X X X X X5 X X

ME, M107 (Normal Cavity)

X X X X X X X X

HE, M107 (Deep Cavity)

X X X X X P X P X X

HE, M795 X X X X X X HE, M449 Series X X X HE, M483A1 X3 X3 Illuminating, M485 Series

X X X

SMOKE, HC, BE, M116A1

X X X

SMOKE, WP, M110 Series

X X X X X X

B-37


Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon (Cont) FUZE

PD MT MTSQ PROX ET MOFA

PROJECTILES M

K 3

99 M

OD

1

M55

7/M

572

M73

9 Se

ries

M56

5

M56

4

M57

7 Se

ries

M58

2 Se

ries

M72

82

M73

2 Se

ries

M51

4 Se

ries2,

M76

2 Se

ries

M76

7 Se

ries

M78

2

SMOKE, WP, M825/M825A1

X X

HE, M692/M731 (ADAM)

X X

AT, M718/M718A1 and M741/M741A1 (RAAM)

X X

PRACTICE, M804 X X X X X X X PRACTICE, M804A1

X X X X X X

PROJECTILE, M898 (SADARM)

X

HE, DP, ICM, Extended Range M8644

X3 X3

Agent, GB2, w/burster M687

X X

HE, M898 (SADARM)

X*

*Use M577A1 Fuzes (DODIC NAIO NSN 1390-01-462-0661, lot number HAT90M033-011) with Projectile, 155mm: HE, M898 (SADARM). M577A1 Fuzes are marked "M898 SADARM Compatible".

B-38

TB 9-1000-262-DT

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B-39


Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon Propelling Charges

(Green Bag) M3A1

Charges

(White Bag) M4A2 Charges

M119A1 Charge 8

PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 HE, M107 NO NO X X X X X X X X X

HE, M795 NO NO NO NO X X X X X X X

HE, M449, M449A1, ICM

NO NO X X X X X X X X X

HE, M483A1, ICM NO NO X X X X X X X X X HE, M692, M731 NO NO X X X X X X X X X AT, M718, M718A1 AT, M741, M741A1


ILLUMINATING, M485A1, M485A2


Agent H, HD, M110


SMOKE, WP, M110 Series


HE, DP, ICM, EXTENDED RANGE M864

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO X X

Agent, GB2, w/BURSTER, M687


B-40


Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon (Cont) Propelling Charges

M2314 Charge

M2324 Charges PROJECTILES

M119A2 (Red Bag)

Charge 7 ***

M203 Charge

8 ******* and

M203A1

1

2

3

4

5

FIRING LIMITATIONS

HE, M107 X NO X X X X NO

HE, M795 X X X X X X X

HE, M449, M449A1, ICM X NO X X X X NO HE, M483A1, ICM X NO X X X X NO HE, M692, M731 X NO X X X X NO AT, M718, M718A1 AT, M741, M741A1

X NO X X X X NO

ILLUMINATING, M485A1, M485A2

X NO X X X X NO M485A1/A2 projectiles are not reliable when fired at charges 6, 7, and 8 with fuze settings of 10 seconds or less.

Agent H, HD, M110 X NO X X X X NO M110 agent burster loaded with tetrylol cannot be stored or fired at temperatures exceeding +125°F (+52°C).

SMOKE, WP, M110 Series X NO X X X X NO HE, DP, ICM, EXTENDED RANGE M864

X X NO NO X X X

Agent, GB2, w/BURSTER, M687

X X NO NO X X X

B-41



(Green Bag) M3A12

Charges

(White Bag) M4A2 Charges

PROJECTILES

1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7

M119A1 Charge 8

SMOKE, BE, HC, M116A1


Agent, (GB or VX) M121A1


SMOKE, WP, M825 *****


SMOKE, WP, M825A1 *****


HERA, M549, M549A1****

NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO X X

HEAT, M712 (COPPERHEAD)

NO NO NO X X NO X X X X X

PRACTICE, M804/M804A1


Projectile, M898 (SADARM)

NO NO X X X NO X X X X X

B-42



M2313 Charge

M2323 Charges PROJECTILES

M119A2 (Red Bag)

Charge 7 ***

M2031 Charge

8

******* and

M203A1

1

2

3

4

5

FIRING LIMITATIONS

SMOKE, BE, HC, M116A1

X NO X X X X NO

Agent, (GB or VX) M121A1

X NO X X X X NO

SMOKE, WP, M825 ***** X NO NO NO NO NO NO SMOKE, WP, M825A1 *****

X YES X X X X X

HERA, M549, M549A1****

X X NO NO X X X Rocket on firing only.

HEAT, M712 (COPPERHEAD)

X NO NO X X X NO

PRACTICE, M804/M804A1

X NO X X X X NO

Projectile, M898 (SADARM)

X X X X X X X M577A1 fuze must be marked "M898 SADARM Compatible.

NOTE *Primer M82 is the only authorized primer to be used in the M284 cannon.

B-43

***The M119A2 charge 7 (Red Bag) is equivalent to the M119A1 charge 8. Refer to firing tables for small differences in velocity which affect range.


Medium, Self-Propelled, 155 MM: M109A5 and M109A6 with M284 Cannon (Cont)

****Do not fire the M549/M549A1/M825/M825A1/M864/M795 projectiles if the obturating band is missing or broken. If the band is displaced and can be repositioned and remain in the groove, the projectile can be fired. The M549A1 projectile may be fired with the M203 charge and M232 charge 5, but the M549 must never be fired with the M203 charge or M232 charge 5.

*****M825 projectiles (manufactured Jan 85 – May 86) fired at temperatures above 110°F (43°C) (WP liquified) have resulted in flight instability and short rounds. This instability does not occur below 110°F (43°C) (WP solid). This restriction does not apply to M825A1 projectile.

******M203 charge 8 is not equivalent to M119A1 charge 8.

M232 charge 5 is equivalent to M203 series charge 8. 1The M864 will be fired with the M203 series to achieve ranges beyond the capabilities of the M483A1 projectile or when the M483A1 is not available. M203 series charge is not equivalent to M119A1 charge 8. 2Do not fire charges 1 and 2, green bag, M3A1. The fire control solution to fire these charges is not available in the M109A6 howitzer. 3Do not load or fire M231 charges with M232 charges. Critical malfunction could result.

B-44

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

ERIC K. SHINSEKI General, United States Army

Chief of Staff

0308306

DISTRIBUTION: To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 990003 requirements for TB 9-1000-262-DT

AMMUNITION DO’S/DON’TS FOR ODT CONDITIONS • DO cover ammo with light-colored tarp and keep min. 18 in. airspace. • DO keep a minimum of 3 inches under/between pallets. • DO wear gloves. Olive drab containers are hot from the sun. • DO check unfuzed HE (TNT/Comp B) projectiles for exudation of explosive material into

the fuze thread area. DO NOT use projectiles with explosive material in the fuze threads. • DO store/transport WP rounds base down/vertical and keep stored under 125°F. • DO report possible ammunition damage to 1) ammunition storage personnel, 2) QASAS,

3) EOD, or 4) LAR. • DON’T place tarps directly on stacked ammo. • DON’T allow blown sand to accumulate under or between pallets. • DON’T close doors on armored vehicles or MILVANS storing ammo. • DON’T stack boxed ammo higher than your head or on pallets over 3 high. • DON’T store ammo in direct sunlight. • DON’T cut pallet banding or open boxes until ammo is needed.

PIN: 077008-000

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TB 9-1000-262-DT