Taxonomy/Bacteria/VirusesCh. 17/18

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity

Section 1: The History of Classification

Section 2: Modern Classification

Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms

17.1 The History of Classification

Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.

Aristotle developed the first widely acceptedsystem of biological classification.(Plants vs. animal)

17.1 The History of Classification Caroleus Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy.

Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts.

The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.

Biologists use scientific names for species because common names vary in their use.

Organizing Life’s Diversity

Ursus americanusAmerican black bear

17.1 The History of ClassificationChapter 17

Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key consists of a series of

choices that lead the user to the correct identification of an organism

Shark ws Cups lab

17.1 The History of Classification The taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a nested-hierarchal system.

Domain (fish, spiders, mushroom, cats) Kingdom (fish, spiders, cats) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Ursus americanus

Terms Taxon (taxa) – named group of

organisms Genus – group of species that share a

common ancestor

An order contains related families. (carnivora: bear, human

A class contains related orders. Mammalia: bear, human, cow

A phylum or division contains related classes. Vertebrata: bear, human, fish, cow

The taxon of related phyla or divisions is a kingdom. (Animalia: bear, human, spider, butterfly, fish, cow

The domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms. Example: Black Bear

Eukarya: bear, human, spider, lichen, butterfly, fish, cow

A family is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genera. (Ursidae: polar bears, panda, black

Genus: closely related species: Ursus: American Black, Sloth, Asiatic black Species: Ursus americanas: American Black Bear

Pneumonic Device Did King Phillip Come Over For Green

Soup? Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,

Genus, Species

17.3 Domains and Kingdoms The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain.

The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

1. Domain Bacteria- Eubacteria (prokaryotes) are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments.

black death

Photosynthetic eubacteria

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EubacteriaArchaebacteria

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Bacteria and Viruses

18.1 Bacteria

17.3 Domains and Kingdoms2. Domain Archaea- are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors.

-They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.

3. Domain Eukarya- All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya.

Domain Eukarya contains Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia…bacteria and archaea are missing

Protists and fungi Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can

be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.

17.3 Domains and Kingdoms

Bacterial Growth Could you design an experiment to

determine the success of antibiotics versus bacterial growth? How?

Do drugs resist bacteria?

17.3 Domains and Kingdoms A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, and are not considered to be living.

Because they are nonliving, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.

18.2 Viruses and Prions 1st virus must enter a host cell using

receptors on the plasma membrane 2nd The virus releases its genetic material

into the hosts cytoplasm or the entire virus enters

3rd the virus uses the bacteria’s remarkable reproducing ability to spread like wildfire

Malaria?

Test Topics 9 short answer questions Classification system Dichotomous Key Taxonomic categories Domains Bacteria and antibiotics Viruses and Prions Eukarya kingdoms Organization Bacteria types

How to do well on the Test Read your Book!! 17-1 review assignment

› P 507 1-6, 8 17-3 review assignment

› P 508 27-29, 31-32Bacteria review assignment

P 535 6,7,9Questions – How do viruses work? Go through step by step and be able to explain it.