Taxonomy The Science of Classifying Organisms. The Need for a System For many years, scientists and...
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Taxonomy The Science of Classifying Organisms. The Need for a System For many years, scientists and other naturalists used common names to describe organisms
The Need for a System For many years, scientists and other
naturalists used common names to describe organisms confusing
because there were either multiple organisms with the same common
name (e.g. rose), or a single organism with many common names (e.g.
Chinook, Spring, King, Tyee salmon). *Check out these slides
..
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What would you call this animal?
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Photo Credits Sea Lion: Bill Lim Ant Lion: Amphioxus Lion:
law_keven Sea Lion? Antlion? Lion?
Slide 5
Which one of these is NOT actually a bear? Photo Credits Panda:
Chi King Koala: Belgianchocolate Black Bear: SparkyLeigh
Slide 6
C ONSIDER THIS .. Are all Grey Wolves gray? Are all Black Bears
black? Grey wolves can be white, black and any shade of gray. Black
bears can also be brown or gray
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Linnaeus to the Rescue After trying other systems, scientists
settled on a system developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus
Linnaeus. This system was called Binomial Nomenclature which means
two-name naming.
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Binomial Nomenclature Each organism gets its own two-part
scientific name usually derived from Latin. E.g. cougar = Puma
concolor The first word is called the genus and the second word is
called the species. The first letter of the genus is always
capitalized. The first letter of the species is always lower case
The name is either italicized or underlined.
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T HE G ENUS Genus refers to a group of closely related species
Puma concolorPuma jagouaroundi
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Panthera tigris Panthera onca Panthera leo Puma concolor
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Binomial Nomenclature Structure Binomial nomenclature gives
information about the natural relationships of organisms It shows
exactly where an organism sits in the vast complexity of life
Today, use genetic analysis for classifying organisms
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Naming and Organizing are part of the same process Linnaeus
also created a system where we place all organisms into a few
*large* groups - KINGDOMS - and then those groups are further
divided into smaller groups
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G ROUPING Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Each
group gets smaller and more specific just think of the way you file
things on your computer into folders and subfolders
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S EVEN L EVELS OF C LASSIFICATION Kingdom Phylum Class Order
Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae
Panthera tigris Broader Narrower
Slide 17
To help you remember the list Kids Play Catch Over Farmer
Grey`s Stable Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species
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T HE K INGDOMS There are currently 5 kingdoms all organisms can
be placed into one of those 5 Classification into a kingdom is
based on certain criteria o Cell type o Number of cells o
Nutrition
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Kingdom Monera Prokaryotic (do not have a nucleus) Unicellular
Autotrophic (produces own energy) or Heterotrophic (obtains energy
from food consumed) Eubacteria = common bacteria (E. coli,
Salmonella) Archaebacteria = ancient bacteria, exist in extreme
environments
Slide 22
Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Most are
unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Most live in water
Include animal-like (heterotrophs) and plant- like (autotrophs E
xamples: Ameba, paramecium, euglena, algae Photo of Ameba by
PROYECTO AGUA **/** WATER PROJECT Catch-all group for eukaryotes
which dont fit into other categories
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Kingdom Fungae Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Multicellular (most)
Heterotrophic (mainly decomposers) Cell walls have chitin Lack
motility Photos by nutmeg66
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Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Multicellular
Heterotrophic (must consume food) Motile (some only in certain
stages of life) Lack cell walls Ex: birds, insects, worms, mammals,
reptiles, humans Photo by Eduardo Amorim Photo by Tambako the
Jaguar
Slide 26
Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic (cells have nucleus) Multicellular
Autotrophic (can make own food; photosynthesis) Cell walls have
cellulose Photo by hira3