Upload
delphia-roberts
View
228
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Organization Why do we organize things? How do we organize things? Biologist do this through classification
Group objects or information
Taxonomy Branch of biology that groups & names
organisms This is done based upon the different
characteristics of each organism The science of describing, naming, &
classifying organisms Allows us to organize groups of organisms
with other organisms that have similar characteristics
Taxon Also called Taxa (plural) Any particular group within a taxonomic system
Early Taxonomists Aristotle
Grouped organisms into 2 groups: plants & animals Then subdivided plants into 3 groups: herbs, shrubs, trees
& subdivided animals based upon where the animal lived or spent a great deal of time: on land, in the air, or in the water
This system worked for many organisms but was used only till another, better system was developed
Carolus Linnaeus Swedish botanist Grouped organisms based upon physical & structural
similarities between different organisms He also developed a two-word naming system= binomial
nomenclature Example: Homo sapiens (people), Felis catus (domestic cats)
The Linnaean System Developed by Swedish naturalist Carolus
Linnaeus Groups organisms into categories based upon
their form & structure Could have done this by behavior or types of food
that an organism eats. Consists of a Hierarchy
Similar to a ladder or pyramid
6 different Kingdoms Plants
Autotrophs, photosynthesis to make energy, most plants live on land
Animals Multicellular, develop from
embryos, heterotrophs, symmetrical body organization (most), most move around environment to capture food
Protista Eukaryotes (multicellular)
that are not plants, animals, or fungi
Fungi Eukaryotes, heterotrophs,
gain nutrients in a unique way
Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria
Bacteria Eubacteria (true bacteria)
Examples of Organization
Domain- Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom- Animalia Animalia Phylum- Chordata Chordata Class- Mammalia Mammalia Order- Carnivoria Carnivoria Family- Felidae Canidae Genus- Felis Canus Species- Felis catus Canus lupus
1 2
Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus gave an organism 2 names
1 genus name & a species name This is an organisms scientific name Example: Homo sapiens (People); Felis catus
(domestic cat); Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog)
Latin is the language of Scientific names Dead language
Dichotomous Key Uses pairs of contrasting, descriptive
statements to lead to the identification of an organism (or other object)
Can be used to tell different plants apart Poison ivy
Arthropods Appendages
Body segments such as legs & antennae Chitin
Makes up the arthropod’s exoskeleton Exoskeleton
Skeleton on outside of body covers the skin
Compound eye Many lens
Mammals Endoderms
Maintain constant body temperature Hair Completely divided heart (four-chamber heart) Produce milk for their young Single jawbone
Compared to reptile’s jaw which is made up of many bones
Specialized teeth Teeth to crush, grind, slice, cut, hold prey, or crush
Reptiles Heart has 2 atria & single ventricle that is
partially divided by a septum Ectotherms
Regulate internal temperature by absorbing heat from surroundings
Reproduce by laying eggs
Fish Reproduce by releasing eggs & sperm into
water Gills to process oxygen from water Cartilaginous bones
Amphibians Skin is permeable to water & oxygen
Also breathe through lungs in addition to their skin Most species lay eggs in water & have an
aquatic larval stage Examples: frogs, toads, & salamanders