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8/11/2019 Taxonomy & Biodiversity
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Taxonomy & Biodiversity
Taxonomy
- Science of naming, describing and classifying organisms intodifferent groups(taxa)(systematics)
- Importance
- Predict characteristic of newly discovered species
- New species can be classified based on specific characteristic
- SpeciesGroups of individual that interbreeds to produce
viable fertile offspring
- Systematics is
study of diversity
of organism and
their evolutionary
relationship
- Classification , involving
arranging organism into
groups based on similarities
which reflects evolutionary
relationship
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Taxonomy Hierarchy Taxon is group that contains organism that share some basic features that indicates
they share a common ancestry
Kingdom.. Animalia
Phylum Chordata
subphylum................ Vertebrata
Class ... Mammalia
Order .. Rodentia
Family . Muridae
Genus ..PeromyscusSpecies leucopus
FIVE KI NGDOM SYSTEM
Animalia Fungi Plantae
Protista
Prokaryotes
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Protista
includes mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other
kingdoms such as
Characteristics of Protists
mostly unicellular, some are simple multicellular (algae)
can be heterotrophic , autotrophic and parasites
most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the humanbody)
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Algae-CholorophytaChlamydomonas (Green Algae) Spirogyra
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Protozoa-Zoomastigina
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Fungi
are mostly multicellular eukaryotes ex for yeast
Characteristics of Fungi
- Lacks chlorophyll and they are heterotrophic( , , )
- Body consist of mycelium , hyphae(network of tubular filaments) and rigid cell wall
made of chitin
- Non motile because.
- Carbohydrates stored as - Spores produced sexually and asexually
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Zygomycota-Mucor- The hyphae are not divided into
individual cell but it is continuous and
multinucleated- Mucor feeds by branching
hyphae(rhizoids) that penetrate
substances
- Usually found in damp soil or dung of
herbivores
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Filicinophyta
Characteristics
- Fern, where the sporophytegeneration is dominant has true roots, stems and leaves
- Has vascular system that consist oftracheid and sieve tube
- Commonly found in temperate woodland, and tropical rainforest
- Described as heterosporousor homosporous
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Coniferophyta
Characteristics ( for eg Pinus)
- Pinus has seed that is exposed and not protected by ovary
- Also has more developed xylem tracheids (secondary thickening of lignin) and pholem
that has sieve tube, fibres and parenchyma but no companion cell.
- Leaves are needle like with thick waxy cuticles with sunken stomata why ?
- Sporophyte is dominant and its isheterosporous,,,
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Angiospermata