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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY UTILIZATION GEOTHERMAL ENERGY UTILIZATION FOR CROP PROCESSINGFOR CROP PROCESSING
Taufan SuranaGeothermal Energy Research Group
Center for Technology of Energy Conversion & ConservationCenter for Technology of Energy Conversion & ConservationBPPT
Research on R.E. inResearch on R.E. inCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation TechnCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation TechnCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation Techn.Center for Energy Conversion & Conservation Techn.
PV - Solar Home System PV - Isolated Grid PV - Grid-connected
Hybrid Power System
Wind Power Sub-System Control System
PV Sub-System
Research on Geothermal Energy inResearch on Geothermal Energy inCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation TechnCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation TechnCenter for Energy Conversion & Conservation Techn.Center for Energy Conversion & Conservation Techn.
Geothermal Energy Utilization :Geothermal Energy Utilization :
1 El i i 1 El i i S ll S l G h l P PlS ll S l G h l P Pl1. Electricity 1. Electricity Small Scale Geothermal Power PlantSmall Scale Geothermal Power PlantBack PressureBack PressureTurbine Tech.Turbine Tech.
PLTPInisiatorBPPT & Ristek :• Analisa Sumber
Pengguna • PLN• IndustriPengguna Listrik
InstitusiPendukung
• Investor (Rekin, YTG, dll.)• Pengelola Lapangan PanasBumi (Pertamina, YTG, dll.)
• PLN
• DPR• Dep. ESDM
• PEMDA• Universitas
Turbine Tech.Turbine Tech.
Binary Cycle Tech.Binary Cycle Tech.
“MERAH PUTIH”• Disain & Rancang
Bangun• Sistem Kontrol
• Material
Pengguna Listrik
IndustriPendukung
• Turbin (PT Nusantara Turbin / PT DI)• Generator, Separator (PT Pindad)• EPC, Pemipaan (PT Rekayasa Industri)
K li t ik Si t K t l (PT R k d )Binary Cycle Tech.Binary Cycle Tech. • Kelistrikan, Sistem Kontrol (PT Rekadaya)
2 Direct Use 2 Direct Use Crop Processing etcCrop Processing etc Steam, T=142.5’C, m=3.6kg/sT=140’C Steam
BrineT=180 ‘C2. Direct Use 2. Direct Use Crop Processing, etc.Crop Processing, etc.
WitheringUnit (2)
DryingUnit (5)Heat Exchanger
Q=7.8MWt
T=140 C, Steam
Q=1.5 MWt Q=0.9 MWt
m= 0.7 kg/s m= 0.4 kg/sT=180 ‘Cm= 55 kg/s
T 180 Cm= 75 kg/s
T=156.2 ‘C
Hot WaterT=137.5 ‘C
T=140’C, Hot Water
Air Heater Air HeaterT=147.5 ‘C
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCESGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
THAILANDPHILIPPINES
CAMBODIA
PHILIPPINES
MALAYSIA
BRUNEI
Medan
SumateraSumateraSibayakSibayak 12 MW12 MWSumateraSumatera
SibayakSibayak 12 MW12 MW
SulawesiSulawesiSulawesiSulawesi1 996 MWe
KALIMANTAN
SULAWESI
IRIAN JAYA
MALUKU
SINGAPORE ManadoSulawesiSulawesi
Lahendong 40 MWLahendong 40 MWSulawesiSulawesi
Lahendong 40 MWLahendong 40 MW1,996 MWe
13,820 MWe
PAPUANEW GUINEA
JAYA
BALI
NUSATENGGARA
TIMOR
JAVA
Semarang
Tanjung Karang
Bandung
9,253.5 MWe 1,487 MWe 584 MWe
N
500 Km Total of Indonesia: 27,000 MWe
JawaJawa -- BaliBaliKamojangKamojang 200 MW200 MWDarajatDarajat 255 MW255 MWGn.SalakGn.Salak 375 MW375 MW
JawaJawa -- BaliBaliKamojangKamojang 200 MW200 MWDarajatDarajat 255 MW255 MWGn.SalakGn.Salak 375 MW375 MW ,
Geothermal Power Plant: 1,052 MWWayangWayang--WinduWindu 110 MW110 MWDiengDieng 60 MW60 MW
WayangWayang--WinduWindu 110 MW110 MWDiengDieng 60 MW60 MW
Source: PERTAMINA
DEVELOPMENT ROADMAPDEVELOPMENT ROADMAP
PR No.5/2006 “N.E.P.”: “Renewable Energy 5%of Energy Mix in 2025”
PRESENT:of Energy Mix in 20251052 MW
2006 2025
3442 MW857 MW 9000 MW2000 MW 4600 MW
2008 2012 2016
6000 MW
2020
3442 MW857 MW 9000 MW(target)
2000 MW 4600 MW 6000 MW
Source: Departement of Energy & Mineral Resources
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS
10 40 70 100 120 150 0C
food processing cement drying
coal drying
textile industrytextile industry
pulp & paper
leather handicraft rayon industryleather handicraft rayon industry
metal leaching process sugar evaporation
aquaculture milk evaporation
mushroom cultivation rubber vulcanization
soft drink processing traditional & modern medicine industry
synthetic rubber processing gypsum drying
greenhousing kaolin drying
(Dickson & Fanelli, 1990)
10 40 70 100 120 150 0C
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR DIRECT USEGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR DIRECT USE
1. Natural geothermal well
2. Shallow geothermal well2. Shallow geothermal well
GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR DIRECT USEGEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR DIRECT USE
3. Small capacity geothermal well
SteamSteam
Turbine
Generator
4 Brine (separated hot water)2Ø Fluid Separator
4. Brine (separated hot water)
Brine
ReinjectionWells
ProductionWells
Wells
CONCEPT OF DIRECT USE TECHNOLOGYCONCEPT OF DIRECT USE TECHNOLOGY
To Geo PP HeatingProcessSeparator
To Geo PP
Steam
Brine
Heating
From Well
HeatingProcess
Geothermal Resourcecan be :can be :- small capacity well- natural well, etc.
CONCEPT OF DIRECT USE TECHNOLOGYCONCEPT OF DIRECT USE TECHNOLOGY
HeatingTo Geo PP HeatingProcessHeat ExchangerSeparator
To Geo PP
HeatingProcess
FromWell
Brine
Steam
Brine Back To Injection Well
can be :small capacity well
Geothermal Resource
- small capacity well- natural well, etc.
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS1. Natural/shallow geothermal well for copra/cocoa drying
Water In
Water Tower
FreshWaterPumpCool Water In
Hot Water Out
Valve
Pipe
Pipe
DOWNHOLEHEAT
EXCHANGER
Temp.Water Flow
80 – 100oC
Natural Geothermal
Well
HumidityDrying RoomPressure
G
Temp.Outlet
Temp.Drying Room
DRYING ROOMValve
Gauge
Temp.Inlet
Lampung Geothermal Field
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS2. Small capacity geothermal well for mushroom cultivation
MushroomGreenhouse
Room Sterilization Before/After Mushroom
Growing Season
Water OutFreshWater
Sterilization Chamber(Autoclave)
Mushroom Growing Media Inside
Water Pump
Fresh WaterSteam Out
Steam Generator
Geothermal Fluids In
(Autoclave)
Water Tower Fresh Water In
180 oC, 2 atm
100 oC, 1.2 atmSteam Generator(Heat Exchanger)
100 C, 1.2 atm
Geothermal Well
KamojangGeothermal Field
MANAGEMENT SCHEMEMANAGEMENT SCHEMEFOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTFOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTFOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTFOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCT
RAW MATCOMMUNITY
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPER
GEOTH. DIRECT USERAW MAT.RESOURCE FACILITY
COOGEOTHERMAL DEVELOPER
GEOTH. DIRECT USE
PRODUCT
RAW MAT.COMM.OPERATE
DIRECT USE
COOP./3RD PARTY
RESOURCE FACILITY DIRECT USE FACILITY
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPER
GEOTH. DIRECT USE
PRODUCT
RAW MATCOMM.OPERATE
COOP./3RD PARTY
GOVERNMENT
GEOTH.RESOURCE FACILITY RAW MAT.DIRECT USE
FACILITY
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS3. Brine for palm sugar processing
H tiTo Geo PP HeatingProcessSeparator
To Geo PP
Steam
Brine
Heating
From Well
HeatingProcess
LahendongGeothermal Field
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS
Steam, T=142.5’C, m=3.6kg/sT=140’C, Steam
BrineT=180 ‘C
3. Brine for tea drying in PTPN VIII
T 140 C, Steam
m= 0.7 kg/s m= 0.4 kg/sT=180 ‘Cm= 55 kg/s
m= 75 kg/s
WitheringUnit (2)
DryingUnit (5)Heat Exchanger
Q=7.8MWt Q=1.5 MWt Q=0.9 MWt
Hot WaterT=137 5 ‘C Air Heater Air Heater
T=147.5 ‘C
T=137.5 C Air Heater Air Heater
T=156.2 ‘C T=140’C, Hot Water
Wayang WinduGeothermal Field
DIRECT USE APPLICATIONSDIRECT USE APPLICATIONS3. Brine for tea drying in PTPN VIII
Wayang WinduGeothermal Field
PERHITUNGAN KEEKONOMIANPERHITUNGAN KEEKONOMIAN
Untuk membandingkan BIAYA ENERGI antara penggunaan IDO dan BRINE
Menghitung potensi penghematan SUBSTITUSI IDO
Asumsi :Asumsi :Asumsi :Asumsi :- Harga Brine : 0,2 cent USD/kWh
- Capacity Factor : 70%
- Nilai Tukar Rupiah : 1 USD = Rp.9.500,-
HasilHasil PerhitunganPerhitungan ::HasilHasil PerhitunganPerhitungan ::- Produksi Panas : 61.320 MWh
- Biaya Brine : 122.640 USD = Rp. 1.165.080.000,-
Biaya IDOBiaya IDO Biaya BRINEBiaya BRINE PenghematanPenghematan
Rp 4 5 M Rp 1 2 M Rp 3 3 M (74%)Rp. 4,5 M Rp. 1,2 M Rp. 3,3 M (74%)
BUSINESS SCHEMEBUSINESS SCHEME
BUSINESS BUSINESS -- TO TO -- BUSINESSBUSINESS
MAGMA NUSANTARA LTD.
GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USE
PTPN VIII
TEA FACTORYHEAT
FLUID FACILITYTEA FACTORY
BRINE
MAGMA NUSANTARA LTD.
GEOTHERMAL FLUIDDIRECT USE
FACILITY
PTPN VIII
TEA FACTORYGEOTHERMAL FLUID
FACILITY FACTORY
M N L
GEOTHERMALBRINE
DIRECT USE
THE 3RD
PARTYPTPN VIII
HEATGEOTHERMAL
FLUIDDIRECT USE
FACILITYTEA FACTORY
LESSONS LEARNTLESSONS LEARNT
1. Geothermal direct use for crop processing is technologically proventechnologically proven.
2. However, some geothermal developers are still 2. However, some geothermal developers are still reluctant to apply direct use.
3. It is very important to establish sustainable community based business development model.
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
1. Geothermal direct use is suitable for non-cash & income generating community development programincome-generating community development program.
2. Government regulation on geothermal direct use 2. Government regulation on geothermal direct use development (com-dev program, pricing policy, etc.) must be issued soon in order to accelerate the geothermal energy utilization for direct use applications.
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Taufan Suranataufansurana@gmail [email protected]
Center for Technology of Energy Conversion & Conservation, BPPT
