IEA Bioenergy Task 37, 6 April 2017, Vlijmen, The Netherlands

Task 37 Work Programme and Green Gas

Prof Jerry D MurphyTask Leader International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy from Biogas, Director of

MaREI (Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy), University College Cork, Ireland

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Australia Bernadette McCabeAustria Bernard Drosg / Günther BochmannBrazil Cícero Jayme BleyDenmark Teodorita Al-SeadiFinland Saija RasiFrance Olivier Théobald / Guillaume BastideGermany Jan LiebertrauIreland Jerry MurphyKorea Ho KangNorway Tormod BriseidSweden Mattias SvenssonSwitzerland Urs BaierThe Netherlands Mathieu DumontUnited Kingdom Clare Lukehurst / Charles Banks

Member countries participating in Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/technical-brochures.html

http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/technical-brochures.html

Technical Reports Triennium 2016 - 2018

1. Food waste digestion systems.2. International approaches to sustainable anaerobic digestion3. Grid injection and greening of the gas grid4. The role of biogas in the circular economy5. Validity of BMP results6. Methane emissions7. Biomethane as a transport fuel8. Sustainable Bioenergy Chains (Collaboration with Task 40)

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Case Studies 2016 - 2018

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/case-studies.html

http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/case-studies.html

6 European gas grids have committed to 100% green gas in the gas grid by 2050

Green Gas

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

TRL 7-9

TRL 6

TRL 4,5

TRL 3,4Initiation of Industry

Green Gas from residues, slurriesand grass

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Grass to transport fuel

harvest silage storage

macerator

Source: energiewerkstatt, IEA and personal photos

anaerobic

digester

weigh bridge

Biogas service station Scrubbing &

storage

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Co-digestion of grass and slurry

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Grass %VS Slurry %VS

100 0

80 20

60 40

50 50

40 60

20 80

0 100

Cellulose

Biomethane Potential Assays

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

107 m3 CH4 t-1 Grass Silage v. 16 m3 CH4 t

-1 Dairy Slurry

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 10 20 30

L C

H4

kg

-1V

S

Days

Cellulose 0:100 G:S 100:0 G:S

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 10 20 30

L C

H4

kg

-1V

S

Days

80:20 G:S 60:40 G:S 50:50 G:S

40:60 G:S 20:80 G:S

SMY decreases as

slurry input increases

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

170 digesters treating 10,000 t a-1 of grass and 40,000 t a-1 of dairy slurry

1.1 % Grassland in Ireland

Scale of Grass Biogas industry

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Higher Grass Silage Input

Higher Dairy Slurry Input

R1 R2 R3 R4 + R5 & R6

Grass

%VS

Slurry

%VS

R6 100 0

R5 80 20

R4 60 40

R3 40 60

R2 20 80

R1 0 100

Continuous digestion of grass and slurry

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

L C

H4

KG

-1V

S

REACTOR NO.

OLR = 2.0 kg VS m-3 d-1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

L C

H4

KG

-1V

S

REACTOR NO.

OLR = 2.5 kg VS m-3 d-1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

L C

H4

KG

-1V

S

REACTOR NO.

OLR = 3.0 kg VS m-3 d-1

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

L C

H4

KG

-1V

S

REACTOR NO.

OLR = 3.5 kg VS m-3 d-1

Increased gas production with increased grass

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

3.5 OLR

HRT 21 days

12%

decrease

in SMY

Reduction in yield of mono-digestion at high OLR

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Trace element analysis

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Demand Driven Biogas

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

TRL 7-9

TRL 6

TRL 4,5

TRL 3,4

Second stage of Industry

Green Gas from gasification ofwoody crops

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Gothenburg Biomass Gasification Project (GoBiGas)

Thermal production

of Biomethane

CO + 3H2 = CH4 + H2O

CO2 + 4 H2= CH4 + 2H2O

2CO + 2H2= CH4 + CO2

Typically ca. 65% energy efficiency

Gas upgrading

Removal of CO2

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Plant Size MW 50

Land area (ha) 6800

Number of plants required 11

As a % Energy in Transport 5.5%

As a % of agricultural land 1.7%

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Compare with 170 digesters

TRL 7-9

TRL 6

TRL 4,5

TRL 3,4

Third stage of Industry

Green Gas from seaweed

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Seasonal Variation in composition of Laminaria Digitata

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Seasonal Variation in biomethane yield from Laminaria Digitata

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Seasonal Variation in A. nodosum

Cultivating Seaweed

31

Position adjacent to fish farms, protect fish from

jelly fish

Increased yields of seaweed as compared to

pristine waters

Clean water of excess nutrients

Harvest when yield is highest

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Long term co-digestion of seaweed with dairy slurry

Higher methane yields after ensiling

can compensate for silage

fermentation losses.

No losses in methane yield occurred

during 90 day storage for 4 of 5

species.

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

TRL 7-9

TRL 6

TRL 4,5

TRL 3,4Fourth stage of Industry

Green Gas from electricity

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

Curtailment and storage of variable renewable electricity

41

Wind capacity as a proportion of minimum demand in summer 2020

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

BIOENERGY

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

H2: energy Density 12.1 MJ/mn3 : CH4: Energy density 37.6 MJ/mn

3

Sabatier Equation: 4H2 + CO2 = CH4 + 2H2O

Gaseous biofuel from non-biological origin

Source of CO2 from biogas:

Mix biogas (50% CH4 and 50% CO2) with H2; generate double the CH4

(1 mol CO2 generates 1 mol CH4).

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

http://www.marei.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/MaREI-4-pg-A4-Brochure-v8-Single-pages.pdf

IEA Bioenergy Task 37

http://www.marei.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/MaREI-4-pg-A4-Brochure-v8-Single-pages.pdf