Tarik Abd Gawad Swine Flu 1

8/14/2019 Tarik Abd Gawad Swine Flu 1

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SWINE FLUSWINE FLU

BY

Prof Dr : Tarek Abdel GawadProf Dr : Tarek Abdel Gawad

Prof. Of Pediatrics. Head Of PICU, Ain Shams

University


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DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a

respiratory disease of pigs caused by

type A influenza that regularly causeoutbreaks of influenza among pigs.


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Swine flu viruses cause high levelsSwine flu viruses cause high levels

of illness and low death rates inof illness and low death rates in

pigs.pigs. Swine influenza viruses may circulateSwine influenza viruses may circulate

among swine throughout the year, butamong swine throughout the year, butmost outbreaks occur during the latemost outbreaks occur during the late

fall and winter months similar tofall and winter months similar tooutbreaks in humans.outbreaks in humans.

The classical swine flu virus (anThe classical swine flu virus (aninfluenza type A H1N1 virus) was firstinfluenza type A H1N1 virus) was firstisolated from a pig in 1930.isolated from a pig in 1930.


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Studies have shown that the swine fluStudies have shown that the swine flu

H1N1 is common throughout pigH1N1 is common throughout pig

populations worldwide, with 25 percent ofpopulations worldwide, with 25 percent ofanimals showing antibody evidence ofanimals showing antibody evidence of

infectioninfection


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Swine flu viruses do not normallyinfect humans, however, human

infections with swine flu do occur,and cases ofhuman-to-human spreadof swine flu viruses has been

documented.


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From December 2005 through February

2009, a total of 12 human infections withswine influenza were reported .

All infected cases were workers in close

contact with pigs with no case fatality

reported between them.


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In late March and early April 2009,morethan 1000 cases of human infection with

swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses were

reported and 20 patients died from swineflu.


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As the swine flu spreadthroughout the world,countries and citizensmoved quickly to protectthemselves, donning face

masks, cancelling trips, andstaying out of crowdedareas.

FT.com


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This week, onestory has been

prominent in our

output: Swine Flu.

-BBC News


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The World Health Organization raised the alert

level of the fast-spreading swine flu virus,

indicating that a "pandemic is imminent."-NY Times


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Pigs can be infected by avian

influenza and human influenzaviruses as well as swineinfluenza viruses. Wheninfluenza viruses from differentspecies infect pigs, the viruses

can re-assort (i.e. swap genes)and new viruses that are a mixof swine, human and/or avianinfluenza viruses can emerge


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The 2009 flu outbreak

in humans is due to a

new strain ofinfluenza A virus

subtype H1N1 that

derives in part from

human influenza,avian influenza, and

two separate strains

of swine influenza.


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Common Influenza A Virus Genetic

Reassortment

1902: Isolation of H3N2

1918-1919: H1N1 Spanish Flu (Major PandemicInfluenza) killed more than 50 million people.

1930: Isolation of H1N1 for the first time. 1968-1969: Hong Kong Flu H3N2, killed more

than 37,000 people.

1997: Isolation of Hong Kong H1N1.

1999: Isolation of H9N2

2003-2009: Epidemic of H5N1 Avian Flu.

March 2009: Epidemic of H1N1 Swine Flu.


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Then, how does it spread?


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Close contact withinfected pigs


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Person to person transmission

through coughing or sneezing


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Touching contaminated objects

with swine flu virus


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Swine Flu cant be

transmitted by eating


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How Long Can The Virus Live

Outside The Body?

Is There a Risk From DrinkingWater?

Can H1N1 Virus Spread ThroughWater in Swimming Pools ?


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SYMPTOMS

fever lethargy

lack of appetite

Coughing

runny nose

sore throat

nausea

vomiting

diarrhea.


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Respiratoryspecimen should

be collected

within 4 to 5 daysof illness.


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How long can an infected person

spread this virusto others?

people may becontagious fromone day beforethey developsymptoms to upto 7 days after

they get sick.


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PREVENTION

Non

essential

visits tothe

affected

areasshould be

avoided


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Avoid contact with people from

the affected areas


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Wash Your Hands


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Covering mouth and nose during

sneezing and coughing


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Practice Good Health Habits

Sleep well

Be physicallyactive

Manage yourstress

Drink plenty offluids

Eat nutritiousfoods


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No vaccine available


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What should I do if I get sick?

Stay home Avoid contact

with other peopleas much as

possible

Use paracetamoland avoid asprin


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warning signs that need urgent

medical attention

Tachypnea

Cyanosis

Refusal to feed Severe weakness

Marked irritabilty

Chest pain


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Drugs Which are effective in treatment

H1N1 virus

There are four differentantiviral drugs that arelicensed for thetreatment of influenza:

Amantidine(Symmetrel)Rimantadine(Flumadine)

Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)Zanamivir (RELENZA)


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Treatment: Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)

75-mg capsule twiceper day for 5 days. Zanamivir (RELENZA)

Two 5-mg inhalations(10 mg total) twiceper day for 5 days

Chemoprophylaxis Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU)

75-mg capsule onceper day

Zanamivir (RELENZA)Two 5-mg inhalations(10 mg total) onceper day


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Sense,not scare

is the keyto stay

safe

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Tarik Abd Gawad Swine Flu 1