Tập I - vietnamvanhien.netvietnamvanhien.net/VANHOCMIENBAC5475.1.pdf · Phổ Thông bán nguyệt san ... đó là sự che đậy mộng bành trướng chủ nghĩa ... Nam Cao,

HUNH I TNG

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HAI MI NM VN HC MIN BC 1954 - 1975

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HAI MI NM VN HC MIN BC (1954-1975)

Tp I

Mc Lc . 3

Li Ta .. 7

Chng th nht: Khi qut .... 11

Tit Mt: i cng .... 11

HUNH I TNG

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Tit Hai: Bi cnh lch s 12

Tit Ba: Vn hc Min Bc trc 1954 ... 23

1. ng Dng Tp Ch .. 24

2. Nam Phong Tp Ch ..... 26

1) Bi K (1888-1960) ....... 29

2) Nam Trn (1907-1965) ... 45

3. T Lc Vn on vi Phong Ha v Ngy Nay . 61

1) T M (1900-1976) 69

2) Th L (1907-1989) ... 81

3) Nguyn Khc Mn (1906- ) ..... 113

4) on Ph T (1910-1989) 118

5) Thanh Tnh (1911-1988) .. 123

6) Lan Sn (1912-1974) 134

7) Nguyn Tng Bch (1916- ) ..... 138

8) Hn Th Du (1916- ) ...... 150

9) Phan Khc Khoan (1916-1988) 164

10) Nguyn Hng (1918-1982) ..... 172

11) Bi Hin (1919-2008) . 190

12) Anh Th (1921-2005) ..... 199

4. Tn Dn vi Tiu Thuyt Th By v PT BNS .... 212

1) V nh Long (1896-1960) .. 213

a. Tiu Thuyt Th By .. 217

1) Ngc Giao (1911-1997) .. 238

2) Thanh Chu (1912-2007) ........ 251

3) Mng Sn (1916-1988) ...... 258

b. Ph Thng bn nguyt san . 263

1) V Ngc Phan (1902-1987) 273

2) T Ngc (1906-2003) ..... 279

2) Lu Trng L (1911-1991) .... 283

3) Trn Huyn Trn (1913-1989) ... 291

4) Ngn Giang (1916-2002) .... 320

c) Bng k Tc gi v Tc phm ca NXB Tn Dn .... 331

5. Thanh Ngh Tp Ch .. 392

1) Don K Thin (1894-1965) . 396

2) Hong o Thy (1900-1994) . 399


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3) V nh He (1912-2011) .... 407

4) c Dc (1915-1993) . 412

5) Phan Anh (1912-1990) 415

6) inh Gia Trinh (1915-1974) 433

7) Ngy Nh Kontum (1913-1991) . 436

8) Nguyn Vn Huyn (1908-1975) 439

9) ng Thi Mai (1902-1984) . 444

6. Tri Tn Tp Ch .. 450

1) Nguyn Tng Phng (1899-1974) ... 453

2) Hong Thc Trm (1902-1977) .... 457

3) Vn i (1903-1964) 461

4) L Vn He (1911-1965) ...... 470

5) Chu Thin (1913-1992) 477

6) Nguyn ng Chi (1915-1984) .... 482

7. Tp ch Vn Ngh ...... 488

1) Kim Ln (1921-2007) ... 491

2) Trn Vn Cn (1910-1990) ... 512

3) Nguyn Xun Sanh (1920- ) ... 521

4) Huy Phng (1927-2009) ..... 527

5) Hong Minh Chu (1930- ) ... 538

6) Nguyn Du (1930-2002) .. 542

8. Nhng bo khc . 563

1) Bo Nhn Dn .. 563

1.- Trng Chnh (1916-2004) ... 565

2.- H Xun Trng (1924-2006) ... 568

3.- Thp Mi (1925-1991) .. 588

2) Qun i Nhn Dn ..... 593

1.- Trn Huy Liu (1901-1969) .. 595

2.- V T Nam (1929- ) ... 603

3) Tp ch Cng sn ...... 617

9. Tng tc ..... 618

Mc lc ton tp ... 619

HUNH I TNG

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Ta

T nm 1955 n nm 1975, min Nam Cng sn b t ra

ngoi vng php lut, cho nn nhng ti liu, sch, bo di

ch Cng sn min Bc khng c ph bin min

Nam. Trn t Bc, vn hc, ngh thut c ng Cng sn

dng lm phng tin phc v chnh tr, ni khc i vn hc

ngh thut c ng Cng Sn Vit Nam ch o i theo

ng li ng, nhm phc v, cng c quyn lc ca ng.

Di chiu bi chng M cu nc, ngy nay ngi ta thy

r s tht, l s che y mng bnh trng ch ngha cng

sn m thi.

HUNH I TNG

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Vn chng, ngh thut trc tin l con ngi din t, ca ngi

ci p trong thin nhin, ci p lm cho tm hn ngi

thng ngon c th thi, hng thng nh th ngi ta

cho l ngh thut v ngh thut. Ngi ta li cho rng ci

p d c ca ngi hay khng, ci p vn n l nh th, cho

nn phi dng vn chng, ngh thut lm li ch cho cuc

nhn sinh, do ngi ta gi l ngh thut v nhn sinh. Cho

nn dng vn hc, ngh thut phc v cho ng cng c th gi

l ngh thut v ng.

Tm hiu v thi k vn hc ny l iu ng lm. Mt l

tm hiu s tht, hai l vinh danh cho nhng nh vn can

m pht biu trong cc bui hc tp, tham gia vit bi trong

tp ch Nhn Vn v Giai Phm, yu cu c t do trong

sng tc. l quyn t do cn bn ca con ngi trn th gii

ngy nay.

Do , nhng ngi nu trn b coi l i ngc li ng li

ch trng ca ng, chng li ng, h b tr dp mt i

c nhn v gia nh. ng cng sn tm gng cho mi

ngi soi chung, nn khng cn ai dm sng tc ra ngoi

ng li, ch o ca ng.

min Nam, sch vit v cng cuc tr dp vn ngh s min

Bc di ch Cng sn l quyn Trm Hoa ua N. Trn

t Bc ca Hong Vn Ch do Mt Trn T Do Vn Ha in

Sign nm 1959, c l y l quyn sch u tin v cui

cng vch trn ti c Cng sn, c ph bin rng ri min

Nam thi by gi.

Ngy nay mun tm hiu thi k Vn Hc Min Bc t nm

1954 n 1975 tht l kh khn v, min Nam him c ti liu

cn min Bc vn hc ngh thut ch c mt chiu ca ngi

ng v quyn li c nhn, v cuc sng


9

Vn hc quc ng pht khi min Nam, nhng trong nhng

nm 1930, 1940 pht trin rc r trn t Bc nhng Nam

Phong Tp ch, Tiu Thuyt Th By, T lc vn on, sch

Thi Nhn Vit Nam, Nh Vn Hin i vi nhiu vn nhn thi

s thi ti nng trn vn n.

Nm 1954, hip nh Genvre ra i do Cng sn v Thc dn

chia ct t nc, mt s vn nhn thi s di c vo Nam, mt s

li t Bc phc v ng v l tng, mt s li v

khng mun ri xa ni chn nhau ct rn, mt s ngh ch tm

thi i nm, an phn th thng.

Cho n nay, trn mnh t qu hng, ng cng sn vn cn

ch trng Nhn dn lm ch, nh nc qun l, ng lnh

o, nn vic su tm ti liu s rt kh khn, ci c c

khng phi hon ton l tht, cn nhng s tht cha c

phi by bi v n vn cn sau bc mn st.

Khng th vin vo s kh khn ny, bo cha cho nhng

thiu st s c trong tp sch ny, nhng trnh by cho c

gi thng cm trc nhng kh khn khch quan m son gi

phi i din.

Sng trong t nc t do, chng ta c quyn vit ln s tht,

nhm nh gi cho ng vi nhng thnh qu v ti nng ca

nhng vn ngh s trong giai on , cng c th v h m

bnh vc cho l phi, nhng trn ht vn l trnh by nhng

thi k, phong tro trong nn Vn hc Vit Nam ca chng ta.

Chng ti k vng trong qu trnh vit s tm c nhng ti

liu xc tht, mi l trnh by c mch lc, r rng hu

mang li cho c gi c c nhn thc ng v y v giai

on hai mi nm trong vn hc min Bc. Qua , chng ta

c th thy c s t do min Nam, d s t do b mua

vi gi qu c v min Nam mt vo tay ca cng sn,

HUNH I TNG

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ngi min Nam b t y, b x ra i cng v t do biu tnh,

t do i ha bnh vi cng sn.

Louisville, u xun Qu T - 2013

Son gi


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Chng th nht: Khi qut

Tit Mt: i cng

t Bc l chn nghn nm vn vt, sau khi b l thi c, ngi

ta bt u theo hc ch Php, ch quc ng chen vai trong

chn quan trng. Mc d t Nam K l thuc a, vy m

cng cuc pht trin vn ha, gio dc ngi Php t trng

tm ni t Bc. Do Ngh nh s 1514a ngy 16-5-1906 ca

Ton Quyn ng Dng ban hnh, thit lp ti H Ni

Trng i hc ng Dng o to cc ngnh Y khoa, Lut

khoa, S Phm cho nn chng ta khng ly lm l v vn

chng, bo ch sau c pht trin nhanh chng, nhng

ng Dng tp ch, Nam Phong tp ch, Tiu Thuyt Th

By, Bn nguyt san Ph Thng, tp ch Phong ha ca T

Lc vn on , li trong Vn hc Vit Nam nhiu nh

vn, thi s danh ting nh Nguyn Vn Vnh, Phm Qunh,

Nguyn Cng Hoan, Nam Cao, Nht Linh, Khi Hng, Thch

Lam, Nguyn Tun, Tn , V nh Lin ..

Cho n khi hip nh Genvre ra i, mt s nh vn tn tui

mt v gi yu, bnh tt nh Tn Nguyn Khc Hiu,

Nguyn Vn Vnh mt s cht oan nghit trong chin tranh

nh Phm Qunh, Khi Hng mt s di c vo Nam nh

Nht Linh, V Hong Chng s cn li nh Nguyn

Tun, Th L, Xun Diu Trong tp sch ny, s trnh by

s nh vn cn li trn t Bc sau nm 1954, h sng ra

sao di ch X hi ch ngha v V n Nhn Vn Giai

Phm, l mt chnh sch ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, gy ra

bao oan khin cho nhng vn ngh s min Bc v gia nh ca

h.

HUNH I TNG

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Tit hai: Bi cnh lch s

Sau 55 ngy m chin u c lit gia hai bn qun i Php

v qun i Nhn dn Vit Nam, c im in Bin Ph

tht th ngy 7 thng 5 nm 1954, dn n vic k hip nh

nh chin nm 1954 ti thnh ph Genvre ca Thy S.

Tng cng nn ni qua v c im in Bin Ph ca Php

v tng quan lc lng ca hai bn:

in Bin Ph thuc tnh Lai Chu l thung lng lng cho

Mng Thanh cn gi l Mng Then c din tch 150 Km2

ta lc st bin gii Vit-Lo cch th x Lai Chu 80 Km v

pha Nam m lc lng Cng sn Vit Nam chim vo

thng 11 nm 1952. Vi chiu di 17 Km, rng 9 Km, in

Bin Ph nm gn gia khu ni i thin nhin bao kn chung

quanh. Theo s nhn nh ca tng Navarre Tng T Lnh

qun i vin chinh Php ti ng Dng, ni y ng l mt

v tr qun s thin nhin m Nht chim ng v m hai

phi o trong thi II th chin.

Ngy 20 thng 11 nm 1953, Navarre ra lnh cho Cogny khai

din cuc hnh qun Castor. i t Gilles, ch huy trng gan

l ca chin on L Dng cng 2.200 qun D u t nhy

xung v bt gn 2 i i Cng sn ang trn ng trong

lng cho. ng nh k hoch hnh qun, ngy hm sau qun

Php bt u khai quang ton b thung lng, m rng th

trng quan st v tc x t khu trung tm ch huy n tn chn

ni. a hnh c o ni y l im m Navarre tm c

nht, v trung tm ch huy c im nm an ton ngoi tm pho

ch; mun tn cng, ch phi chp nhn nhng trn nh qui

c bng chin thut cng kin chin vo 8 pho i b tng

ct st nm trong th lin hon vng chc. Qun Cng sn li

khng th no c c s tip t nhanh chng bng vn ti c

nh qun Php. Hn na lc lng tr phng cn c th tn


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cng ra ngoi vi s ym tr ca chin xa, phi c v pho binh

loi mt, hai s on ch ra khi vng chin. Ni chung,

mt trn in Bin Ph t ra cng cm chn mt vi s on

qun Cng sn ti y v lm gim p lc ch trong vng

ng bng.

Mi ngy sau, i t Gilles trao quyn ch huy c im li

cho i t Thit gip De Castries. n ngy 7 thng 12 nm

1953, Navare li rt b n Lai Chu, a 3 tiu on B binh

do Trung t Trancart ch huy v tng cng thm cho c im

in Bin Ph.

u nm 1954, i t De Castries ch huy trng c im

in Bin Ph hon tt t chc 3 Phn khu chin thut v

b phng 8 n lin hon mang tn 8 ngi p nh Isabelle,

Claudine, Dominique, Gabrielle, Beatrice.. vi 13.000 qun

ca 14 Tiu on trong c 4 Tiu on D L Dng v 1

HUNH I TNG

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Tiu on D Vit Nam (tiu on u tin ca Qun i Quc

gia Vit Nam). B binh hip ng qun binh chng vi:

- Pho binh din a v chin thut: 4 khu 155 ly, 24 khu

105 ly v 140 sng ci t 60 ly n 120 ly.

- Thit gip: 1 i-i gm 10 chin xa nh loi M.24 Chaffer.

- Khng qun: 1 Phi i c bit gm 6 oanh tc c B19

Bearcat v 10 trinh st c Morane t trc tip di quyn Ch

huy trng cn c in-Bin.

- Mi Binh on trn ng mt phn khu trong lng cho ny.

- Tng lc 20 tiu on tham chin vi qun s t 14.000 n

14.500 ngi.

Trc s b phng ca qun i Php, Qun y trung ng

Cng sn Vit Nam ban hnh chin dch in Bin Ph t

ngy 13-03-1954 n ngy 07-05-1954. i tng V Nguyn

Gip, Tng t lnh chin dch tung 5 S on b binh vo trn

a gm cc s on: 304, 308, 312, 316 v S on Cng

pho 351. Tng lc 72.000 qun chnh quy (gp 5 ln qun

Php), hp ng tc chin vi:

- Trung on c cng nh tip cn.

- 200 khu pho c ko ln ni rt vo lng cho.

- Tiu on Ha tin a i Khng 16 gin, mi gin nng 6

nng kiu Orgues de Staline (Lin X vin tr ln u cho

Cng sn Bc Vit).

- 13,000 qun tip liu hu cn v 30,000 dn cng chin

trng o a o, ho ngm v vn ti lng thc n

c.


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- 10.000 b i a phng tr b.

Tng t lnh chin trng, tng Gip cng cc c vn Trung

Cng Vi Quc Thanh, L Qu Ba u c mt ti b ch huy

tin phng Mng Phng n c tc chin.

Chiu ngy 12 thng 3 nm 1954, Tng Gip ra lnh ng

lot m cuc tng tn cng. S on 312 tn kch n Beatrice,

S on Cng pho 351 tc x thm d mc phng th cc

n cn li. ng thi S on 320 cng c lnh nh giao

thng, ct t nhiu on con ng huyt mch s 5 H Ni -

Hi Phng. Nh th, tng Gip buc Cogny phi ng u

hai mt trn cng mt lc.

Ngy 15 thng 3 nm 1954: C hai n Beatrice v Gabrielle

u b qun Cng sn chim ng sau nhiu t tin pho hu

xung bin ngi.

Ngy 18 thng 3 nm 1954: n Anne Marie li b qun Cng

sn trn ngp.

Ngy 27 thng 3 nm 1954: S on Cng pho 351 hon ton

khng ch phi trng d chin chnh v ph. Vo thi im

ny, qun tr phng b vy hm ch cn tip xc vi bn ngoi

qua my truyn tin v vn ti c C47 Dakota th d tip t m

thi. Nhng li phng khng ca ch li dy c, phi c phi

bay cao mi khi tip t, thnh th phn ln d rt xung khu

Cng sn ang chim gi, nn tip t lun cho ch.

Ngy 7 thng 5 nm 1954: T bn hng, S on 312 ca

tng L Trng Tn, tn cng o t vo S ch huy Php,

Trung on 88 Tu V (tng phi) trn ngp trung tm hnh

qun in Bin Ph v thng c sao vng. Thiu tng De

Castries u hng v iu kin, khi b Trung on 209 bt

sng.

HUNH I TNG

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Ngy 8 thng 5 nm 1954: Chnh ph Php cng b in Bin

Ph tht th.

Tng cng cn nhc li v Hi ngh Genve khai mc ngy

26 thng 4 nm 1954 bn v vn khi phc ho bnh ti

Triu Tin v ng Dng. Giai on 1, cc i biu bn v

Triu Tin song khng t c kt qu g. Bt u giai on 2

t ngy 8 thng 5, tho lun v vn ng Dng sau khi

mt trn chin lc in Bin Ph ca Php tht th.

Tham d Hi ngh Genve v ng Dng c 9 on i biu

bao gm:

5 phi on nc ln: Anh (do Th tng Anthony Eden dn

u), M (Trng on:Tng Walter Bedell Smith, Th

trng Ngoi giao); Cng ho Nhn dn Trung Hoa (Trng

on: Th tng kim B trng Ngoi giao Chu n Lai);

Lin X (Vyacheslav Molotov, Ch tch Hi ng B trng);

Php (Trng on l cc Th tng Georges Bidault, Pierre

Mendes-France).

4 phi on cn li gm: Vit Nam Dn ch cng ho do ng

ch Phm Vn ng dn u; Quc Gia Vit Nam ca chnh

quyn Bo i do Nguyn Quc nh dn u; Vng quc

Lo do Phoui Sananikone dn u v Vng quc Campuchia

do Tep Phan dn u.

Hai ng ch tch ca Hi ngh l Lin X v Anh.

Ngy 20 thng 7 nm 1954 (thc cht l ngy 21-7), Hip nh

Genve v ng Dng bt u c k kt vi nhiu vn

kin, ch yu l:

1- Ba hip nh nh ch chin s ti Vit Nam, Lo v

Campuchia


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2- Bn tuyn b cui cng ca hi ngh

3- Bn tuyn b ring ngy 21/7/1954 ca M ti Hi ngh

Genve

4- Bn tuyn b ca chnh ph Php ngy 21/7/1954 trong

nu r Php sn sng rt qun ra khi lnh th Vit Nam, Lo,

Campuchia theo li yu cu ca chnh ph nhng nc c lin

quan trong mt thi gian do cc bn tho thun.

5- Cc cng hm trao i gia Trng on Vit Nam Dn ch

Cng ho Phm Vn ng v Th tng Php Mendes France.

Nhng hip nh v Vit Nam c ni dung:

Cc nc tham gia hi ngh tn trng quyn dn tc c bn l

c lp, ch quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th ca Vit

Nam.

Ngng bn ng thi Vit Nam v trn ton chin trng

ng Dng.

V tuyn 17 l gii tuyn qun s tm thi chia ct Vit Nam

lm hai min. Php rt qun v pha nam v tuyn .

Tng tuyn c t do trong c nc sau hai nm thng nht

nc Vit Nam.

Mt s iu khon quy nh vic t chc thi hnh hip nh:

U ban Quc t gim st v kim sot gm n (Ch tch y

ban), Ba Lan v Canada.

Phi on Quc Gia Vit Nam c bn tuyn b ring v khng

k vo bn Hip nh v phi on M cng vy.

HUNH I TNG

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Qun i Cng sn tip thu H Ni ngy 10 thng 10 nm

1954. Ch tch U ban Qun qun H Ni l Vng Tha V

tc Nguyn Vn i, ngi ch huy cuc tn cng H Ni

ngy 19-12-1946 v tr thnh t lnh s on u tin ca

Cng sn l s on 308. H Ch Minh t vng chin khu Vit

Bc v H Ni ngy 15-10-1954, bt u thit lp t chc cm

quyn min Bc.

Qun i Cng sn tip thu H Ni nm 1954

Nc Vit Nam Dn Ch Cng Ha rng khong 60.900 dm

vung (khong 158.340 km2), do ng Lao ng (L) cai tr,

H Ch Minh lm ch tch nc, Phm Vn ng lm th

tng. ng L ch trng c ng, c ti ton tr, mt

mnh nm cht chnh quyn. Vit Nam Dn Ch Cng Ha l

nc cng sn u tin v duy nht ng Nam .

Ngoi th l H Ni, VNDCCH cn c cc hi cng quan

trng l Hi Phng, Vinh. Dn s nm 1955 min Bc l

13.574.000 ngi.


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Cc tnh pha bc v tuyn 17 vo thi im nh nc

VNDCCH tip thu, gm c cc tnh: Lo Cai, H Giang, Cao

Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Cn, Bc Giang, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn

Quang, Yn Bi, Ph Th, Vnh Yn, Phc Yn, Bc Ninh, Lai

Chu, Sn La, Ha Bnh, Sn Ty, H ng, H Nam, Nam

nh, Ninh Bnh, Hng Yn, Hi Dng, Thi Bnh, Kin An,

Qung Yn, Hi Ninh, Thanh Ha, Ngh An, H Tnh, Qung

Bnh, bc Qung Tr.

Hi Phng, im tp trung ng bo min Bc mun di c vo

min Nam bng tu thy, do VM tip thu ngy 13-5-1955.

Nhng ton lnh Php cui cng ri o Ct B (vnh H Long,

vng Hi Phng) ngy 22-5-1955, th VM mi tht s lm ch

hon ton min Bc.

Thi im ny cng chm dt lun thi hn 300 ngy min

Bc m bn Tuyn b cui cng ca Hi ngh Genve 1954

cho php dn chng c t do di chuyn t khu vc thuc

pha bn ny sang khu vc thuc pha bn kia.

S ngi t min Nam tp kt ra Bc khng c thng k y

. Theo s trnh by ca V Nguyn Gip ti Hi ngh Liu

Chu (Qung Ty, Trung Hoa) t ngy 3-7-1954 gia H Ch

Minh v Chu n Lai, th tng Trung Quc, trc khi chin

tranh kt thc, VM d tnh bc u rt ra Bc khong 60.000

ngi, trong 50.000 ngi l b i v 10.000 ngi lm

cng tc chnh tr, nht l nhng ngi qu, b l din,

khng th li. y ch l s lng V Nguyn Gip d tnh,

trong khi c ti liu cng sn cho rng s ngi tp kt ra Bc

khong 175.000 cn b v 15.000 hc sinh.

S ngi t min Bc di c vo min Nam ln n khong gn

900.000 ngi. Nhng thnh phn chng cng, i lp, bt

ng chnh kin, nhng nhn vt trong cc ng phi theo ch

ngha dn tc, u rt v min Nam. iu ny c li cho vic

HUNH I TNG

20

cai tr ca ng Lao ng (L) tc ng Cng sn Bc Vit v

khng cn, hay cn t ngi i khng vi ch cng sn

li t Bc.

Tu h mm, ch ngi Bc di c vo Nam nm 1954

T thng 9-1954, ngha l sau hip nh Genve v trc khi

v H Ni, Phm Vn ng c c gi chc th tng chnh

ph VNDCCH thay H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin, mi n thng 9-

1955, ng L mi triu tp tr li nhng thnh vin cn st

li t quc hi Kha I (ngy 6-1-1946). Trong phin hp ti H

Ni ngy 20-9-1955, quc hi ny thng qua thnh phn chnh

ph Phm Vn ng nh sau:


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Ch tch nc Vit Nam Dn Ch Cng Ha: H Ch Minh

Th tng kim B trng Ngoi giao: Phm Vn ng

Ph th tng kim B trng Ni v: Phan K Toi

Ph th tng kim B trng Quc phng: V Nguyn

Gip

Ph th tng kim Ch nhim y Ban Khoa hc nh nc:

Trng Chinh (t thng 4-1958)

Ph th tng: Phm Hng (t thng 4-1958)

B trng B Cng an: Trn Quc Hon

B trng B Gio dc: Nguyn Vn Huyn

B trng B Ti chnh: L Vn Hin (n thng 5-1958)

Hong Anh (t thng 6-1958)

B trng Giao thng v Bu in: Nguyn Vn Trn

B trng Thy li v Kin trc: Trn ng Khoa (n thng

4-1958)

B trng Thy li: Trn ng Khoa (t thng 4-1958)

B trng Kin trc: Bi Quang To (t thng 4-1958)

B trng Cng nghip: L Thanh Ngh

B trng Thng nghip: Phan Anh (n thng 4-1958)

B trng Ngoi thng: Phan Anh (t thng 4-1958)

B trng Ni thng: Mi ( t thng 4-1958)

B trng Y t: Hong Tch Tri (n thng 12-1958 Phm

Ngc Thch (t thng 12-1958)

B trng Lao ng: Nguyn Vn To

B trng T php: V nh He

B trng Vn ha: Hong Minh Gim

B trng Thng binh: V nh Tng (gii th thng 5-59)

B trng Cu t: Nguyn Xin (gii th thng 5-1959)

B trng Nng lm: Nghim Xun Ym

B trng Ph th tng: Phm Hng (n thng 4-1958)

Nguyn Duy Trinh (4/1958 12/1958) Nguyn Khan (t

thng 5-1959)

Ch nhim B K hoch Nh nc: Nguyn Vn Trn (4-

1958 n 12-1958) Nguyn Duy Trinh (t thng 12-1958)

HUNH I TNG

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B trng, Ph ch nhim UBKHNN: Nguyn Vn Trn (t

thng 12-1958) L Vn Hin (t 12-1958)

Chnh ph hot ng theo nhng ngh quyt ca B chnh tr

v U ban Trung ng ng Lao ng. Ngoi ra, chnh ph

cn c s h tr ca Mt trn T quc (MTTQ), mt b

phn ngoi vi ca ng L. Nguyn trc y, ngy 27-5-

1946, Vit Minh thnh lp Mt trn Lin Vit (Lin hip Quc

dn Vit Nam), do Hunh Thc Khng lm ch tch, Tn c

Thng, ph ch tch. Nm 1947, Hunh Thc Khng t trn,

Tn c Thng ln thay. Trong i hi t 5 n 10-9-1955,

Mt trn Lin Vit tuyn b hon thnh nhim v v t gii

tn, chuyn qua thnh MTTQ cng do Tn c Thng lm ch

tch.

Theo k hoch ca CSVN, giai on t 1955 n 1960 c

gi l giai on xy dng min Bc, chia thnh hai thi k: n

nh trt t x hi, khi phc kinh t (1955-1957) v ci to x

hi ch ngha theo ng li cng sn, tc kinh t ch huy

(1958-1960). thc hin cc k hoch ny, nh nc cng

sn m li cuc Ci cch rung t (CCR) vi nhiu mc tiu

cng mt lc, v chn ng phong tro Nhn Vn-Giai Phm,

ng khung chnh tr v vn ha theo khun kh ch ngha

cng sn.

Ti liu tham kho:

- Hip nh Genve 1954 Web: vi.wikipedia.org


23

Tit Ba: Vn hc Min Bc trc 1954

Chng ta bit min Nam chnh thc s dng ch Quc ng

trc tin, nm 1865 c t Gia nh bo in ch Quc ng, nm

1967 c Chuyn i xa ca Trng Vnh K, ngy 6-4-1878

Thng c Nam k ban hnh ngh nh s 82 n nh k t u

nm 1882 cc vn kin u phi vit bng ch La-tinh, k t

nm 1886, mi chc vic t cp tng, huyn, ph u phi vit

c cng vn bng ch Quc ng mi c b dng, thng

thng.

Min Nam b l thi c c t nm 1863, sau khi Php t nn

h t Nam k. Bc K nm 1915 v Trung k nm 1919.

gia: i Nam ng Vn nht bo. Bn phi: ng C tng

bo

Bc nm 1892 c t i Nam ng Vn nht bo in ch

Hn. Nm 1905 c t i Vit tn bo in c ch Hn v ch

Quc ng. Nm 1907 t i Nm ng Vn nht bo s 793

c thm ng C Tng Bo in ch Quc ng do Nguyn Vn

HUNH I TNG

24

Vnh lm ch bt, s ny ra ngy 28-3-1907.

Ri sau , ln lt cc tp ch quc ng ra i, trc tin l

ng Dng tp ch ca Nguyn Vn Vnh, k Nam Phong

Tp Ch, Phong Ha Ngy Nay ca nhm T lc vn on,

Tiu Thuyt Th By, Ph Thng Bn nguyt san ca nh xut

bn Tn Dn, Thanh Ngh tp ch, Tri Tn tp ch

Chng ti ln lt trnh by theo th t thi gian, cc tp ch ra

i, nhng nh vn, thi s cng tc vi cc tp ch , hoc

h c nhng tc phm trong giai on ny.

1. ng Dng Tp Ch.

n bn c bit ca Lc Tnh Tn Vn cho Bc v Trung k

Nm 1913, t ng Dng Tp Ch ra i do Nguyn Vn

Vnh lm ch bt, y l bn c bit ca Tun bo quc ng

Lc Tnh Tn Vn, s u tin ca bo ny ra ngy 14-11-1907

do F.H. Schneider mt ch nh in ngi Php gc c sng

lp, Trn Chnh Chiu lm ch bt. ng Dng tp ch, ra


25

hng tun vo ngy Th Nm, s u tin pht hnh ngy 15-

5-1913 ti H Ni. S cui cng ra ngy 15 thng 9 nm 1919

nh vy bo ny tn ti 6 nm 4 thng.

Theo nhn nh ca Trnh Vn Thanh trong Thnh ng in

tch danh nhn t in:

Mc d ng Dng tp ch ra i khng ngoi mc ch

chnh tr ca thc dn Php... Nhng h tht vng v cc

cy bt vit cho bo khng theo ng mc ch chnh tr, m

ch ct thc hin mt nn quc vn mi cho dn tc...C th

ni y l mt tp ch, trc nht chuyn v vic dch thut

Hn vn v Php vn, nhm mc ch nng cao dn tr. Bn

cnh , nhm ng Dng tp ch cng sng tc nhiu

lot bi vi li vn bnh d, nhm vo vic gio dc gii thanh

nin trn con ng tin haSau khi gt b nhng g c tnh

cht chnh tr m thc dn Php dng , ng Dng tp

ch qu tht l c cng xy dng mt c s vng vng cho

nn quc vn mi trong lch s vn hc Vit Nam u th k

20.

Nhng ngi cng tc vi ng Dng Tp Ch: Phi tn hc,

gm: Nguyn Vn Vnh (1882-1936), Phm Qunh (1892-

1945), Nguyn Vn T (1889-1947), Phm Duy Tn (1883-

1924), Trn Trng Kim (1883-1953),... Phi cu hc, gm:

Tn (1889-1939), Phan K Bnh (1875-1921), Nguyn

Mc (1882-1951), Dng B Trc (1884-1944),...

Cho n nm 1954, nhng nh vn nu trn u mt, trc

Phm Qunh, Trn Trng Kim, Nguyn Vn T u c

bc sang lnh vc chnh tr.

Ti liu tham kho:

- ng Dng tp ch Web: vi.wikipedia.org

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_20http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_20http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_V%C4%A9nhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Qu%E1%BB%B3nhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_T%E1%BB%91http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Duy_T%E1%BB%91nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Kimhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%90%C3%A0http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_K%E1%BA%BF_B%C3%ADnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C4%90%E1%BB%97_M%E1%BB%A5chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C4%90%E1%BB%97_M%E1%BB%A5chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_B%C3%A1_Tr%E1%BA%A1c

HUNH I TNG

26

2. Nam Phong Tp Ch.

Sau ng Dng Tp Ch c Nam Phong Tp Ch ra i, Nam

PhongTp Ch xut bn bng hai th ch, ch Quc ng v

ch Nho, dung ha ngi Vit trn con ng ha nhp vn

ha - u; Phm Qunh knh co bn c ti s u tin ra

ngy 1 thng 7 nm 1917.

Vic thnh lp tp ch Nam Phong Tp Ch l ch trng ca

chnh ph Lin bang ng Dng do ton quyn Albert

Sarraut xng vi mc tiu y mnh vai tr vn ha v

chnh tr ca nh nc Bo h. Kinh ph ca bo l do chnh

ph trang tri. Cng ng tn l Gim c S Mt thm ng

Dng Louis Marty.

Ba Nam Phong s1

Vi tng Nam Phong l ngn gi nc Nam, ngay t u,

tn ch ca t nguyt san nu r:

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_th%C3%A1ng_7http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_bang_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_quy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Sarrauthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Sarrauthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_bang_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%9F_M%E1%BA%ADt_th%C3%A1m_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%9F_M%E1%BA%ADt_th%C3%A1m_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_Marty&action=edit&redlink=1


27

1. Din t truyn b t tng, hc thut ng ty kim c; 2. Luyn quc vn tr nn hon thin, bi dng Vit ng

phong ph, uyn chuyn, sng sa v gy gn;

3. Ly lm nn tng dn tc ri pht trin thnh tinh thn dn tc.

Di s ch o mm do v thm thy ca Phm Qunh, cc

tn ch c th hin sinh ng trn c s cc chuyn mc

ca tp ch, nh: L thuyt, Vn ha bnh lun, Khoa hc bnh

lun, Trit hc bnh lun, Vn uyn, Tp vn, Thi m, Tiu

thuyt...

Nhng nh vn cng tc vi Nam Phong Tp Ch c:

Nguyn B Hc (1857-1921), ng Chu Nguyn Hu Tin

(1875-1941), Tiu u Nguyn B Trc (1881-1945), m

Phng Tn N ng canh (1881-1947), Th An Phm Duy

Tn (1883-1924), Nam T Nguyn Trng Thut (1883-

1940), L Thn Trn Trng Kim (1883-1953), Tuyt Huy

Dng B Trc (1884-1944), Tn Nguyn Khc Hiu

(1889-1939), Tng Ph Th m (1896-1973), Hi Lng

Dng Qung Hm (1889)-1946), ng H Lm Tn Phc

(1906-1969), Nam Trn Nguyn S Hc (1907-1967),

Trong s nhng ngi nu trn, sau khi Bo i v nc chp

chnh nm 1932, Ch bt Nam Phong tp ch Phm Qunh lm

Ng tin vn phng Bo i, ri lm Thng th B Hc, tip

theo lm Thng th B Li (1944-1945), cn Trn Trng

Kim lm Tng l Ni cc ca Quc Vit Nam t 9-3-1945

n 22-8-1945.

B Tng Ph nm 1945 vo sinh sng Nha Trang, b mt

nm 1973 Lt.

Sau Hip nh Gve 1954, Nam Trn tp kt ra Bc.

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%C3%A1_H%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Ti%E1%BA%BFnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%C3%A1_Tr%C3%A1chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1m_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1m_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Duy_T%E1%BB%91nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Duy_T%E1%BB%91nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Thu%E1%BA%ADthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Kimhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_B%C3%A1_Tr%E1%BA%A1chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%90%C3%A0http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Ph%E1%BB%91http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_H%C3%A0mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%E1%BB%93_%28nh%C3%A0_th%C6%A1%29http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Tr%C3%A2n

HUNH I TNG

28

Theo Dng Qung Hm trong Vit Nam Vn hc S yu, Nam

Phong Tp Ch c nh hng v hai phng din:

V ng vn t, Nam Phong sp nhp vo ting Vit nhiu

danh t trit hc, khoa hc mi, v luyn cho ch quc ng c

th din dch c cc l thuyt, cc tng v trit hc, khoa

hc mi.

V ng hc vn, Nam Phong cho ph bin nhng iu

yu lc ca hc thut u Ty, ng thi din t nhng iu

i cng trong cc hc thuyt c ca ng nh Nho hc,

Pht hc, v.v., v bo tn nhng iu ct yu trong vn ha

Vit Nam xa (vn chng, phong tc, l nghi).

Ti liu tham kho:

- Nam Phong tp ch Web: vi.wikipedia.org

Ba Nam Phong s 196

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_H%C3%A0mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nho_gi%C3%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%ADt_gi%C3%A1o


29

1) Bi K

u Thin Bi K (1888-1960)

Bi K (1888-1960) tn ch l u Thin , hiu l

T Chng , ng sinh ngy 5 thng 1 nm 1888, qu lng Chu Cu, ph L Nhn nay thuc th x Ph L, tnh H

Nam, trong mt gia nh khoa bng Nho hc. T tin h Bi

gc x Triu ng, huyn Thng Phc, ph Thng Tn,

tnh H ng nay thuc huyn Thng Tn, H Ni. Khong

cui triu L, mt nhnh h Bi chuyn n Chu Cu lp

nghip. ng ni l Bi Vn Qu (1837-1913) lm quan n

Tham tr b Hnh th co quan v qu. Cha rut Bi Thc

(1859-1915) Tin s nm 1898, khng ra lm quan, nh

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_th%C3%A1ng_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2u_C%E1%BA%A7u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A7_L%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tri%E1%BB%81u_%C4%90%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Ph%C3%BAc&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_T%C3%ADnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_T%C3%ADnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BB%81u_L%C3%AA

HUNH I TNG

30

dy hc v vit sch. ng Thc c cc con trai l Bi K, Bi

Khi, Bi Nhung, Bi Lng, u t. Mt ngi em gi

Bi K ly chng l Trn Trng Kim.

T nh Bi K, ging nh nhiu tr thc khc ca giai on

ny, tip nhn mt nn gio dc pha trn gia Nho hc v ting

Php, ch Quc ng.

Nm 1909, trong ln u d thi Hng, Bi K c nhn.

Nm sau vo Hu thi Hi v thi nh, ng li Ph bng v

c triu nh Hu b i lm Hun o, nhng Bi K t

chi, ly c phi nh phc dng cha v ng ni u ang

gi yu.

Nm 1912, chnh quyn bo h chn c ng sang Paris, Php

hc Trng Thuc a (cole coloniale). Nhn dp ny Bi K

i du lch nhiu ni Php v cc nc ln cn. ng cng c

dp tip xc vi mt s ngi Vit yu nc v cch mng

ang lu ng v lm vic Php, trong c Phan Chu Trinh.

Nm 1914, Bi K v nc. ng c ph Thng s Bc K

gi ln b dng nhiu ln, nhng u t chi. Chu nh hng

t chuyn i Php v tro lu tn hc, Bi K hc tp hnh

thc sn xut t bn v t chc cho gia nh mnh sn xut

hng th cng xut khu (bng vi, tre an), nhng t kt qu.

Sau khi cha v ng ni u qua i, Bi K b sang Qung

Chu, Trung Quc hai nm. ng v nc khi 30 tui, t

nm 1917 ng ra H Ni dy hc. Bi K dy ti cc trng

Cao ng s phm, Cao ng cng chnh, Cao ng php

chnh. Ngoi ra t nm 1932, ng cn dy cho hai trng t

thc Vn Lang v Thng Long. Trng Thng Long do mt s

tr thc tin b v c xu hng thn cng sn nh Phan Thanh,

Hong Minh Gim, ng Thi Mai, V Nguyn Gip lp ra

mi Bi K cng trc tip ging dy.

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Kimhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nho_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi_H%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi_H%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi_%C4%90%C3%ACnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_Chu_Trinhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%91ng_s%E1%BB%A9_B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BB%B3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9i_K%E1%BB%B7http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ch%C3%A2uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ch%C3%A2uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_Thanhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Minh_Gi%C3%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng_Th%C3%A1i_Maihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p


31

Ngoi vic dy hc, Bi K cn l mt nh bin kho, nh

sng tc, cng tc vi mt s bo ch H Ni nh Nam

Phong, tp san ca hi Khai Tr Tin c, bo Trung Bc Tn

Vn... ng cn tham gia cc hot ng vn hc x hi ca gii

tr thc H thnh nh k nim 105 ngy mt thi ho Nguyn

Du (1925), l truy iu ch s Phan Chu Trinh H Ni (1926),

phong tro truyn b ch Quc ng...

Sau Cch mng thng Tm nm 1945, Bi K l mt trong s

nhng nhn s tr thc c chnh ph mi trng vng.

Nm 1946, Ch tch nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha H Ch

Minh c Bi K lm Ph ban lnh o thanh ton nn m ch,

sau lm Trng ban Bnh dn hc v ton quc, l thnh vin

ca chnh ph Vit Minh mi thnh lp. Nm 1948 ng c

mi tham gia y ban khng chin hnh chnh Lin khu 3, lm

ch tch Hi Lin Vit lin khu 3, Hi trung hi gip binh s t

nn lin khu 3.

ng c chnh ph Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha tng Hun

chng khng chin hng nht.

Ngoi ra, Bi K cn l y vin ch tch on y ban trung

ng Mt trn t quc Vit Nam, y vin y ban bo v ha

bnh th gii, Hi trng Hi Vit Trung hu ngh.

ng mt ngy 19 thng 5 nm 1960 ti H Ni, th 72 tui.

Tc phm:

- Truyn Thy Kiu (Bi K v Trn Trng Kim hiu

kho), H Ni 1925

- Vit Nam vn phm (Bi K v Trn Trng Kim son)

- Quc vn c th, Tn Vit Nam th x, Trung Bc tn

vn, H Ni 1932

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%AD_Nam_Phonghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%AD_Nam_Phonghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_Khai_Tr%C3%AD_Ti%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trung_B%E1%BA%AFc_T%C3%A2n_V%C4%83n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trung_B%E1%BA%AFc_T%C3%A2n_V%C4%83n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Duhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Duhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1ng_T%C3%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A2n_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_kh%C3%A1ng_chi%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A2n_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_kh%C3%A1ng_chi%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_th%C3%A1ng_5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960

HUNH I TNG

32

- Truyn tr cc, Khai tr tp san, s 4, thng 12, 1941

- Vn chng, ng Thanh, 1932, s 1, 2, 5

- Th vn Bi K (Nguyn Vn Huyn su tm, gii thiu),

Nh xut bn Khoa hc x hi, H Ni 1994

Trch vn:

T

Ch cao siu nht trong ngh vn do kh ho nhin. l

thuc v phn hnh nhi thng ca to ha, khng ting hi,

khng b bn, thu li l tinh thun, khong sung ra du cu, khi

tnh nh tri m b lng, em mun vt vo ci m m, khi

ng nh sm st, nh ma bo, lm c th gii u rung

chuyn, c mt tri mt trng phi i sc, mt linh c t n n

hin bin ha, v cng v tn, khng c th no o lng

c, v th gi l ho nhin.

Nhng bc chnh nhn qun t nc ta, nh Tiu n nh ng

Gii hin i Trn, ng c trai, ng Bch vn am i L, ng

Thanh hin, ng Ng trai i Nguyn, h phi l nhng ngi

sut i ch vi u trong lng vn mc tiu ma ht thng

ht nm, th m mi khi lm c mt cu, mt bi, u c gi

tr c bit, thnh mt vn gia l ti sao ? L v nhng bc y

bm th c mt phn ho kh rt khinh thanh, bnh nht li

c rt nhiu cng hm dng, khi no cm xc vi cnh vt

thin nhin ca to ha, nh khc, nh ci, nh tnh, nh say,

nh bc dc, nh h h, nh nh nhung , nh khuy kha, t

nhin t ra thnh vn: ma gi tun u ngn bt, my rng

bay trn mt giy, lm lc chnh nh vit c mt cu c

m li ng l khng phi ca mnh lm ra, v th c nhn c

cu rng: vn chng nh ha cng, tng khng phi l ni

ngoa vy.


33

Nc ta sau khi tuyn b c lp, ti vo thm Thun ha, ng

Trn L thn cho xem mt tp vn dch 120 bi th ng,

lm theo li lc bt v song tht lc bt, trong lc ng o

Chiu nam. Ti em so vi nguyn vn, cn nhc, o n tng

ch, tng ngh mt, khng hiu lm sao khi c vn ng ti

tng l vn Trn qun, khi c vn Trn qun, ti li tng l

vn ng. Ti sc nh ti mt on trong truyn Kiu:

Trong nh ting hc bay qua,

c nh nc sui chy ra na vi.

Ting khoan nh gi thong ngoi,

Ting mau sm sp nh tri ma.

Nhng cu y cng u dch trong ng thi, nhng nu bo

l ng th dch nhng cu y ra, cng c nhiu ngi tin l

thc, c l t s cm xc n s miu t, khi vo chn cnh,

th ng v Vit vn gia vn l ng tm ng iu chng.

Hi tng lc Trn qun Chiu nam, xa nc, xa nh, ngy

m thui thi, trn tri di b, gia c mt than; nu so mt

ngi vi tri b, th ngi thm vo u, nhng nu bo tri

b l ca mt ngi, th hoi bo khng khong bit l dng

no ! c tc th vi ln khng kh, khi li ra vi ngn thy

triu, lc ny chnh l lc thin chn thng lu l ra; nhng

bi ng thi ch l mi cm hng khu gi tm s ca

Trn qun, m Trn qun vo ng vn gia li cng mt

khm hoi, v th mi c tp vn ny.

Ti vit my li ra y, khng phi ch tn dng mt tp

vn dch ng v hay, nhng ct l mun gii by ch kin gii

ring ca ti v ngh vn. C phi ngi no v lc no cng

vit c vn khng ? Lm th no iu khin c ti tr,

biu din c t tng v tnh cm ? Xa c ngi ph bnh

vn Thiu lng, cho l cng tc thng v sau ngi ta dng

cu y ph bnh chung cc danh vn gia. Cng y ch v

HUNH I TNG

34

cnh ng, cng c ngha thanh cao i vi nhng bc t gi.

C t mi thot ra ngoi trn tc v vo ti ci ho nhin.

Cng l kho, nhng khng phi klho da gt, kho g ghp;

kho c v hn ha nh th tri. Ti thit tng ngi no

lnh hi c ch cng ca ngi qun t, ch cng ca bc

vn ho mi thng thc c ci chn th trong ngh ngm

vnh vy.

Vit ti H thnh ngy 22 thng su nm t du

u thin BI K

(trch bi T trong ng Thi ca Trn Trng Kim do NXB

Tn Vit n hnh nm 1950 ti Nam Phn Vit Nam)

Trch th:

T thn

M qu nn qun di

Tnh dy mi bit say

Gn n cng sng mt

Xa dao khng t tay

Bi truy iu c Tin in[1]

(mng mi thng tm)

Kip kim c ti-tnh l bn,

Hn vn-chng v-vn non sng.

Xt thay nc c bi trong,

Nghn thu bit ng tm lng cng ai!

Trm nh thu anh-ti ging-th,

Ci Tin-in rt kh linh-k.

Gp cn L-th suy-vi,

Kim-thnh mun l, thang tr mun vi.

http://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/B%C3%A0i_truy_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87u_c%E1%BB%A5_Ti%C3%AAn_%C4%90i%E1%BB%81n#cite_note-1


35

Mt ch-s trng i ngao-ngn,

Mun ra tay tt cn b ng.

Trch ngi chi by ha-cng,

L thi khch anh-hng b tay.

Min Bc-ti rng bay mi cnh,

nh Hng-sn hc lnh xa xa.

Rp toan tm th c hoa,

Tang-bng gc mi yn-h cng cao.

Tri ng-ph o-o gi ng,

Hi tao-phng i-ng tn-qun.

Giang h lang-miu mt thn,

Dt-dn bng ha hng-thn, l thay!

H chng bit cao bay, xa chy,

Ci cng danh l by trn i.

Song-le con to tru ngi,

Buc nhau ch mt ch thi m au.

Bt y-a ct u khng ni,

Bt n iu mi gi chn chn.

Bt phong-trn phi phong-trn,

Cho thanh-cao mi c phn thanh-cao.

Xut vi x bn no cng kh,

Nhc hay vinh m ra.

Ct lm ngc trng cng l,

Cng kin-trinh lm, cng ma-chit nhiu.

Song chng l cng liu nhm mt,

Cng dy my dn mt cho xong.

Cm bng nh kip m hng,

Hn nhau ch mt tm lng chnh-chuyn.

D trinh-bch nguyn st ,

Gi hnh-hi tiu-m m chi?

D-dang thay ci tu-mi,

Cc trm nghn ni trong khi tng quyn!

Bc l mn thuyn sao ni,

N cn nhiu nh chi khng xong.

Hi ai gn c khi trong,

http://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/B%C3%A0i_truy_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87u_c%E1%BB%A5_Ti%C3%AAn_%C4%90i%E1%BB%81n

HUNH I TNG

36

c trong trong c m lng tr tr,

ng ly-th gi m bi ti,

Ni hng-quan rut ri nh v.

Lm-ly ngc bt song h,

Vn-chng mt ng im-t tuyt vi.

V mt trng thng ngi mnh bc,

Khc on-trng t bc lu-ly.

L-m nc chy my i,

Tri-m bit c Chung-K l ai?

Dng th thy ni mi sng l,

Tm lng son gt ra bao phai.

Bn mnh chi by ch ti,

Ti cm gi o nh ai cng nhn!

Mun ng n cu-ton linh-thnh,

Hi bao gi ti mnh khng ghen.

Mnh sao hay bn hay chen?

Ti sao vng-vy nhng toan chc tri?

Lng bng-iu my li gii t,

nh trm bay ngn gi hiu-hiu.

Non sng man-mc mi chiu,

Kh thing phng-pht t nhiu u y.

Thng 8 nm inh-mo (1927)

( I ) Bi ny ng trn Nam phong tp ch, s 120, thng 8-

1927.

Bnh Ng i co

Tng mng:

Vic nhn-ngha ct yn dn,

Qun iu-pht ch v kh bo,

Nh nc Vit ta t trc,

Vn xng vn-hin lu,


37

Sn-h cng-vc chia,

Phong-tc bc nam cng khc.

T inh, L, L, Trn, gy nn c-lp,

Cng Hn, ng, Tng, Nguyn, hng-c mt phng,

Du cng nhc c lc khc nhau,

Song ho-kit i no cng c.

Vy nn

Lu Cung s uy mt va,

Triu Tit nghe ting git mnh,

Ca Hm-t git ti Toa ,

Sng Bch-ng bt sng M,

Xt xem c-tch,

c minh-trng,

Va ri

V h H chnh-s phin-h,

trong nc nhn-dn on bn,

Qun cng Minh tha-c t ngc,

Bn gian-t cn bn nc cu vinh,

Nng dn en trn ngn la hung-tn,

Vi con xung di hm tai-v.

Chc di mun nghn kho,

c cha ngt hai mi nm.

Bi nhn-ngha nt c cn-khn,

Nng kha-lim vt khng sn-trch

No ln rng o m, no xung b m chu,

No h by hu en, no li d chim tr,

Tn-hi c cn-trng tho-mc,

Nheo-nhc thay! quan qu din lin

K h ming, a nhe rng, mu m by! no-n cha chn,

Nay xy nh, mai p t, chn tay no phc-dch cho va,

Nng-n v nhng ni phu-phen,

Bt-b mt c ngh canh-ci.

http://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ng%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_c%C3%A1o_%28B%C3%B9i_K%E1%BB%B7_d%E1%BB%8Bch%29

HUNH I TNG

38

c-c thay! trc rng khng ghi ht ti,

D-bn thay! nc b khn ra sch mi,

L no tri t tha cho,

Ai bo thn-nhn nhn c.

Ta y:

Ni Lam-sn dy ngha,

Chn hoang-d nng mnh,

Ngm non sng cm ni th th,

Th sng cht cng qun nghch-tc,

au lng nhc c, chc l mi my nng ma,

Nm mt nm gai, h phi mt hai sm ti,

Qun n v gin, sch lc-thao suy-xt tinh,

Ngm trc n nay, l hng-ph n-o cng k.

Nhng trn-trc trong cn mng-m,

Ch bn-khon mt ni hi.

Va khi c ngha dy ln,

Chnh lc qun th ang thnh.

Li ngt v:

Tun-kit nh sao bui sm,

Nhn-ti nh l ma thu,

Vic bn-tu thiu k -n,

Ni duy c him ngi bn-bc.

i phen vng-vy, vn m-m con mt dc ng

My tha i ch, lung ng-ng c xe h-t,

Th m trng ngi, ngi cng vng ngt, vn mt-m

nh k vng dng,

Th m t ta, ta phi lo toan, thm vi-v nh khi chng

nch,

Phn th gin hung- ngang-dc,

Phn th lo quc-b kh-khn,

Khi Linh-sn lng ht my tun,


39

Khi Khi-huyn qun khng mt i,

C l tri mun trao cho gnh nng, bt tri qua bch

chit thin ma,

Cho nn ta c gng gan bn, chp ht c nht sinh thp t.

Ma u gy ngn c pht-phi, ngng vn-ngh bn ci

an h,

M tic qun chn ru ngt-ngo, khp tng-s mt lng

ph-t.

Th gic mnh, ta yu m ta ch ni,

Qun gic nhiu, ta t m ta c lun.

Dn hay:

em i ngha thng hung-tn,

Ly ch nhn m thay cng-bo.

Trn B-ng sm vang st dy,

Min Tr-ln trc ph tro bay,

S-kh hng,

Qun-thanh cng mnh,

Trn Tr, Sn Th, mt va chy tan.

Phng Chnh, Qu An tm ng trn-trnh.

nh Ty-kinh ph tan th gic.

Ly ng- thu li ci xa,

Di Ninh-kiu mu chy thnh sng,

Bn Ty-ng xc y ngoi ni.

Trn Hip thit mng,

L Lng li phi thy.

Vng Thng ht cp lo-lng,

M Anh khn ng cu-

N tr cng lc kit, b tay khng bit tnh sao,

Ta y mu pht tm cng, chng nh m ngi chu

khut.

Tng n thay lng i d, bit l ti lui,

Ng u cn kim k tm phng, gy mm ti-nghit.

Cy mnh l phi, ch quen v cho ngi,

HUNH I TNG

40

Tham cng mt thi, chng b by tr d-duc.

n ni a tr con nh Tuyn-c, nhm v khng thi.

Li sai nht-nht nh Thnh, Thng em u cha

chy.

Nm inh-mi thng chn,

Liu Thng t Khu-n tin sang,

Mc Thnh t Vn-nam ko n.

Ta iu binh th him, ngn li Bc-qun,

Ta li sai tng chn ngang, tuyt ng lng-o.

Mi-tm, Liu Thng thua Chi-lng,

Hai-mi, Liu Thng cht M-yn,

Hai-mi-lm, Lng Minh trn vong,

Hai-mi-tm, L Khnh t vn,

Li dao ta ang sc,

Ngn gio gic phi li,

Li thm qun bn mt vy thnh

Hn n rm thng mi dit tc.

S-tt ra oai t-h,

Thn-th mt tro nha.

Gm mi , ni cng mn,

Voi ung nc, nc sng phi cn.

nh mt trn sch khng kinh-ngc.

nh hai trn tan-tc chim-mung.

Cn gi to trt sch l kh,

T kin hng st toang c.

Thi T phi qu m xin li,

Hong Phc t tri hng.

Lng-giang, Lng-sn, thy cht y ng,

Xng-giang, Bnh-than, mu tri nc.

Gh-gm thay! sc phong-vn phi i,

Thm-m thay! sng nht-nguyt phi m.

Binh Vn-nam nghn L-hoa, s m mt mt.

Qun Mc Thnh tan chng Cn-trm, chy thot thn,

Sui mu Lnh-cu, nc sng rn-r,

Thnh xng an-x, c ni m-a.


41

Hai mt cu-binh, cm u trn chy,

Cc thnh cng khu, ci gip xung u.

Bt tng gic mang v, n vy ui phc ti,

Th lng tri bt st, ta cng m ng hiu sinh.

M K, Phng Chnh, cp cho nm trm chic thuyn, ra

n b cha thi trng ngc,

Vng Thng, M Anh, pht cho vi nghn c nga, v n

Tu cn m-hi.

N s cht cu ha, m lng th-phc,

Ta mun ton qun lm ct, c nc ngh-ngi.

Th mi l mu-k tht khn,

V li sut xa nay cha c.

Giang-san t y m mt,

X-tc t y vng-bn.

Nht-nguyt hi m li minh,

Kin-khn b m li thi.

Nn vn th xy nn chn-chn.

Thn nghn thu ra sch lu-lu.

Th l nh tri t t-tng khn-thing gip- cho nc

ta vy.

Than i!

Vy vng mt mnh nhung-y, nn cng i nh.

Phng-lng bn b thi-v, m hi vnh-thanh,

B co xa gn,

Ng cng nghe bit.

Th ch Hn:

HUNH I TNG

42

Phin m:

Knh thng H Ch tch

K s d c hu kim nht giai Ch tch gio dc chi cng

cn hu t chuyt liu ng chc t:

Dn tc anh hng bch luyn thn,

Lo lai anh mn trng tinh thn.

Nhn s o c quang thin a,

Bi dng giang sn bt lo xun.

K bi,

Nht cu lc linh ng nguyt thp tht.

Bi K dch:

Knh dng H Ch tch

K ti s d c c nh ngy nay u do cng gio dc

ca Ch tch. Xin c bn cu th vng v tm lm li chc:

Anh hng dn tc luyn thn,

Tui gi m vn tinh thn hn ai.

Bn phng o c sng ngi,

Non sng vun p i i thanh xun.


43

K knh bt,

17-5-1960

Cc cng trnh bin kho ca Bi K thng gn vi ni dung

dy v hc mn ng vn Hn Vit bc trung hc ca nh

trng ph thng Php - Vit x ng Dng thuc Php

ng thi. l cc cun Quc vn c th (1932), Hn vn

trch thi din ging kha bn (cng son vi Trn Vn Gip,

1942), Vit Nam vn phm bc trung hc (son chung vi Trn

Trng Kim v Phm Duy Khim, 1940), Tiu hc Vit Nam

vn phm (son cng vi Trn Trng Kim v Nguyn Quang

Onh, 1945). Ni bt nht trong s ny l cun Quc vn c

th, trnh by v cc hnh thc, th ti cc loi th vn ting

Vit truyn thng.

Vi loi sch bin kho gio khoa, Bi K l mt trong s

nhng nh nghin cu ngi Vit u tin tham d vo vic

hnh thnh cc tri thc v ng vn Vit v Hn-Vit, cc tri

thc v lch s vn hc Vit Nam. Trc ht, Bi K l hc gi

c nhiu ng gp vo vic hiu kho vn bn mt lot truyn

th Nm cc th k trc, gp phn gi gn v truyn li cho

i sau. Vn bn Truyn Kiu do Bi K v Trn Trng Kim

hiu kho, in ln u 1925, dnh c s tn nhim ca

nhiu th h c gi. T nhng nm 1930 n nhng nm

1950, Bi K tin hnh hiu kho mt lot truyn Nm khuyt

danh: Tr cc, Trinh th, Lc sc tranh cng, Hoa iu tranh

nng...

Th na, Bi K cn c s ng gp quyt nh trong vic

kho cu di sn th ch Hn ca thi ho Nguyn Du, trong

vic xc nh gi tr Truyn k mn lc ca Nguyn D Cc

bn dch tc phm ch Hn ca tc gi Vit Nam do ng thc

hin, ni bt l Bnh Ng i co ca Nguyn Tri, bn dch

tng c v tr ng k trong i sng vn hc. Bi K cn th

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Kimhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Kimhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Duy_Khi%C3%AAmhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Quang_O%C3%A1nh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Quang_O%C3%A1nh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Vi%E1%BB%87thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Vi%E1%BB%87thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1n-Vi%E1%BB%87thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%87n_Ki%E1%BB%81uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Duhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_k%E1%BB%B3_m%E1%BA%A1n_l%E1%BB%A5chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_D%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ng%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_c%C3%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Tr%C3%A3i

HUNH I TNG

44

nghim vic dch mt s tc phm ch Nm c in sang ch

Hn nh th B Huyn Thanh Quan hay Truyn Kiu.

Hc gi Bi K cn l cy bt sng tc vn hc kh nhiu th

loi: vn (ngh lun, ph, vn t, cu i...), th (th ch Hn,

th ting Vit). Tuy nhin, hon cnh xut thn khin ng

khng c nh vt ra ngoi phm vi kiu vn hc Trung i

v tr thnh mt i din ca tro lu vn hc c vo bui giao

thi. Ging nh cc th h nh nho trc kia, vn th Bi K

l ni ni ch, t lng, th hin th gii tinh thn ca mnh

trong nhng nt thanh cao vi nhiu u t lo i, thng i,

cng l rn mnh, rn i. Phn sng tc th m Bi K tp

hp thnh tp u Thin mc cha in thnh sch, ch ng

bo t bi, nay hu nh tht lc.

Bi K v Trn Trng Kim l hai nh vn tin phong, xy

dng nn Vit hc cho nc nh, Trn Trng Kim tng l Th

Tng ca Nam Triu, dng ngoi giao tranh u, ginh c

lp vi ngi Php v Nht, cn Bi K theo khng chin,

phc v cho nc Vit Nam Dn Ch Cng Ha di s lnh

o ca ng Lao ng, chnh l ng Cng sn Vit Nam.

Ti liu tham kho:

- Bi K Web: vi.wikipedia.org

- Trn Trng Kim ng Thi, Tn Vit, 1950

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0_Huy%E1%BB%87n_Thanh_Quanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Trung_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1


45

1) Nam Trn

Nam Trn - Nguyn Hc S (1907-1967)

Nam Trn tn tht l Nguyn Hc S sinh ngy 15 thng 2 nm

1907 ti lng Ph Th Thng, x i Quang, huyn i Lc,

tnh Qung Nam.

Lc cn nh cho n nm 12 tui, ng hc ch Hn v

tp lm nhng li vn trng c. Sau , ng vo hc trng

Quc hc, Hu, ri trng Bo h, H Ni. Hc xong, ng c

bng t ti bn x v i lm tham t ta khm s Hu, sau

lm t l b Li (tng tam phm) v th lang b Li (chnh tam

phm), lm n st tnh Bnh nh.

Nam Trn cho ng th trn cc bo v tp ch: Nam Phong

tp ch, Tp ch Nghin cu Vn hc, Sa c tp ch, An Nam

tp ch, Phong Ha tp ch, Trng An, Tn Tin tp ch... vi

cc bt danh: Nam Trn, Tng Nh...

Cc tc phm chnh ca ng gm: Hu, p v Th (1939), Ca

dao thi ua, Vn hnh phc (th), trong thi tp Hu, p

v Th mang n cho ng danh hiu "thi s ca x Hu".

Sau Cch mng thng Tm, ng tham gia khng chin, cng

tc y ban khng chin hnh chnh huyn i Lc, y ban

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_L%E1%BB%99chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C4%83n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%E1%BB%91c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_B%E1%BA%A3o_h%E1%BB%99&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BA_t%C3%A0i_b%E1%BA%A3n_x%E1%BB%A9&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tham_t%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kh%C3%A2m_s%E1%BB%A9&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A1_l%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_L%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%8B_lang&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_L%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Phong_t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Phong_t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Nam_t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Nam_t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phong_H%C3%B3a_t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hu%E1%BA%BF,_%C4%90%E1%BA%B9p_v%C3%A0_Th%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1ng_T%C3%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%A6y_ban_kh%C3%A1ng_chi%E1%BA%BFn_h%C3%A0nh_ch%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1

HUNH I TNG

46

khng chin hnh chnh tnh Qung Nam, ri lm chnh vn

phng y ban khng chin hnh chnh lin khu V.

Nm 1954, ng tp kt ra Bc, cng tc Ban chp hnh Hi

Nh vn Vit Nam, t nm 1957 l hi vin sng lp Hi Nh

Vn Vit Nam. Ti Hi ngh thnh lp Hi Nh vn Vit Nam,

Ban Chp hnh c bu ra gm 25 ngi l Nng Quc

Chn, Nguyn Cng Hoan, Nguyn nh Thi, T M, Anh

Th, Mng Sn, Cm Biu, Nguyn Xun Sanh, Nguyn Huy

Tng, Hong Cm, Sao Mai, T Hu, Hong Tch Linh,

Nguyn Hng, Bu Tin, Xun Diu, on Gii, Phm Huy

Thng, T Hanh, Nam Trn, V T Nam, Hong Trung Thng,

Xun Min, T Hoi, Nguyn Tun.

Nm 1959 cng tc ti Vin Vn hc, chuyn v dch thut.

ng cng l mt trong nhng cn b ging dy lp i hc

Hn Nm u tin min Bc, do y ban Khoa hc x hi

Vit Nam t chc.

Nam Trn l ngi ch tr dch tp Ngc trung nht k xut

bn ln u nm 1960.

ng l ngi tuyn v tham gia dch Th ng (2 tp), Th

Tng, Th v t ca Mao Trch ng, Th vn L Trn, Th

Quch Mt Nhc, Ngi X Vit chng ti.

ng mt ngy 21 thng 12 nm 1967 ti H Ni, th 60 tui.

Tc phm:

- Hu p v th (tp th, 1939)

- Th ng (ch tr vic dch ra Vit vn, 2 tp, 1962)

- Th Tng (1968)

Trch vn:

http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%AAn_khu_V&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_Nh%C3%A0_v%C4%83n_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_Nh%C3%A0_v%C4%83n_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_V%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_%28Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam%29http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1n_N%C3%B4m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%A6y_ban_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%A6y_ban_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%A5c_trung_nh%E1%BA%ADt_k%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%A1_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng


47

V sao ti dch li th ng?

c nghe, c c, ri yu th ng v lm th, con

ng ti i hnh nh l, hay chnh l, con ng m bao nh

Nho xa kia i, d r rng, ti l ngi "Ty hc".

T ba nm trc, ti b vic Nh nc, cm ci lin trong mt

nm th c khong 200 bi (gn 80 bi ca L Bch, gn 50

bi ca Ph v cng ngn y bi ca Bch C D), xp

thnh 3 cun. Li cm ci mt nm na, b sung cc bn dch

ngha, ch thch, sa sang li ri cng cc con nh my, thit

k sch v tm ni in. Sau , ti ang chn dch cc tc gi

ng thi cn li, lm thnh mt quyn ln m ti nh gi l

Bch gia ng thi.

c cc bn dch ca ti, nhiu ngi khen, li c ngi mng!

Thy thch th khen, thy bc th mng, u cng l chuyn

thng tnh i. c ci, vic khen hay mng ca ngi

khc, i vi ti, xa nay cng ch c rt t s nh hng. Ti

tin vo con ng mnh i. "Thng khng kiu, bi khng

nn", cha ng ta xa nay vn vy.

Trc ht, ti v cng bit n cc dch gi tin bi. H b

bit bao ti nng v tm huyt, c ti lc na, vo vic phin

m, dch ngha, ch thch, dch th v in n ng thi ra ting

ta. H li rt nhiu bn dch hay, c nhng bn l bt h,

v nh bn dch T b hnh ca Phan Huy Vnh; Thu hng ca

Nguyn Cng Tr; Phong Kiu d bc, Hong Hc lu ca Tn

v.v... Chnh h khuyn khch, gip ti nhiu nht.

Khng c cc bc tin bi y, lm sao ti c th bit, c th

yu, c th da vo m dch li, m son sch?

Khng phi tt c cc bn dch trc y u tt, v ngay c

nhng dch gi ni ting cng c bi cha t". Xem th th

bit, chng ta, lp hu sinh, cng khng nn li nhc, coi mi

HUNH I TNG

48

bn dch c u l mc thc, m qun rng mnh cng phi

gp phn lm cho cc bn dch "cha t" y, dn dn tr nn

"t" vy.

Nhng ti sao li c phi sng cht v ng thi nh th?

Trc ht, ng thi l bu vt Trung Hoa, bu vt phng

ng, bu vt th gii.

Sau na, trong hn 1.000 nm Bc thuc, cha ng ta hc ch

Nho, vit bng ch Nho, trc tc bng ch Nho, bang giao

vi Trung Hoa bng ch Nho v trong dng dc nghn nm y,

v mt lch s - hnh chnh, d mun hay khng, ta cng

thuc Trung Hoa! Sau ny, khi ch c lp thnh, khi ch

ngha (vn l ch Nho) rt tho, khi t th vn ha rt

nh c, chng ta mi ci tin ch Hn thnh ch Nm. Ri

mi n tn u th k XX, thi c Tn , c T Xng, th

"cuc chin" gia bt st (Ty hc) v bt lng (Hn hc) mi

kt thc. Tc l, ngoi ci gi tr khch quan "to", mang tm c

th gii, bt chp cc dn tc khc c l thuc vo Trung Hoa

hay khng, th ring vi nc ta, ng thi cn c mt gi tr

khch quan "b", hn u ht, tr thnh bu vt Vit (do

ta b l thuc v chu nh hng lu di, trc tip, ton din,

cn ct, vn ho Trung Hoa).

Khng c ch Nho v thi ca Trung Hoa, c bit l ng thi,

th khng c th Vit bng ch Nho nh ta c. Khng c

th Vit bng ch Nho nh ta c v khng c Ch ngha

lng mn Php, th khng c Th Mi. Tip sau l vn ho-

vn hc-thi ca Nga-ng u, Php-Ty u-M, n , Nht

Bn, M La tinh, Phi chu..., lm cho ta ngy cng hay, cng

phong ph, cng "hi nhp".

V th, khng cn mc cm, chng ta, ngc li, phi thnh

tht tha nhn nhng s thc lch s va ni v phi "t ly


49

lm may mn" (cc c vn bo: "Trong ri c may") v c

thot thai hoc chu nh hng su sc t nhng nn vn ha-

vn hc-thi ca v i y cc mt t tng, thm m, tnh

chuyn nghip v tnh nhn vn ca chng. Thot thai v chu

nh hng su sc m sau vn "ra ring" mt cch tt p,

khng b ng ha, chnh l con ng duy nht ng ca

cc nc nhc tiu. Chng ta i rt gii trn con ng

.

Nu nhng ngi "hin i" ci m, yu Ty hc hoc thc s

l dn Ty hc, lun tn th V. Huyg, Apline, Pn Veclen,

A. Puxkin, L. Tnxti, A. Skhp, O. Utman, R. Ta-go, G.

Mackt v.v..., th t trong su thm ci ngun vn ha, ngi

Vit cng phi knh cn nghing mnh trc Kinh Thi, Kinh

Dch, Khng T, Lo T v "Bch gia ch t" Trung Hoa;

trc thi ca Trung Hoa ni chung v ng thi ni ring.

Hp li, t nhng l do trn, c th ni rng, nm c v yu

ng thi, ta s hiu v yu thi ca c in Vit Nam, hiu v

yu ci ngun t tng, ngh thut v thm m ca dn tc ta.

Chnh t ci ci ngun y, ri cng vi tinh thn dn tc mnh

lit, cng vi s chn lc v tip bin thng minh ca cha ng

ta sut lch s, m ta mi c Nguyn Tri, Nguyn Gia Thiu,

ng Trn Cn, on Th im, Nguyn Du, H Xun

Hng, Cao B Qut, Nguyn Cng Tr, Nguyn Khuyn, T

Xng, Tn , nhm Th Mi, v sau ny, mi c H Ch

Minh-nh th-danh nhn vn ha th gii, cng nhng tc gi

khc. mi l nim t ho chnh ng ca chng ta. Ch ta

khng nn khng khng gi ly mt lng t tn v li bng

cch ngh rng, c ct xn bt lch s, c qun i 1.000 nm

Bc thuc-l thuc, l ta tr thnh "i Vit". Cng khng nn

m mi ly mt lng t ti thp km, bo rng, nn vn ho-

vn hc-thi ca ta l do cc cng quc k trn "cng hip" m

thnh. C hai thi u thiu mt t duy lch s lnh

mnh.

HUNH I TNG

50

Ni th thy, ng thi c ngha nh th no i vi thi

ca Vit, thm m Vit, iu tm hn Vit. Cng l chng ta

cng nhn thc rng, chnh v th m chng ta cha th hi

lng vi cch truyn b, ging dy, dch thut ng thi xa

nay. V, khi "t mch" vi Hn hc lu nh vy, th vic

dch th ng sang ting ta li cng cn thit. Khng th c

mi ci cnh ch c "my ng gi" thch th ng, cn

m tr th ph ci v b i xem tranh truyn Nht Bn nh

th c!

Ch khi c tht nhiu bn dch th ng, th ch Nho ca cha

ng ta tht hay, tht gn vi thi nay, m tr ca chng ta

cng vi "my ng gi" u yu thch, th ta mi c th tip ni

c truyn thng thi ca v thm m dn tc, th ta mi khng

nh mt bn sc Vit, khng mt gc phng ng. m

bn sc dn tc lm sao c, khi m cha ng vit g, con chu

khng hiu c?

Vi lng yu knh ng thi nh vy, vi mc ch su xa nh

vy, ti quyt tm em ci ti mn ca mnh ra, dch li th

ng.

M khng yu knh lm sao c, khi t 1.300 nm trc, L

Bch vit n cng v kip ngi:

Sng, nh l khch qua ng y

Thc xung, l ta mi c v

t tri nh qun tr kia

Ta nh hn cui ln i gia i.

hoc:

Dy di khn buc mt tri

Xa nay ngi ngm s i m cay


51

Cht vng cao chn tng my

Cng khng mua c mt ngy xun xanh.

hoc:

t tri s chng cn nguyn

Thng ngy ri cng cn trn vai ngi

Tng xanh, ve n l li

No hay tng ci lu ri cn u

Tm chi tin dc thm su

Bn chi nhng l nng su vi ngi

Hi ai nghn tui trn i

Hay l chen chc mt thi ri i.

hoc:

Anh khng thy tc t ngy n

Sm ng xanh, chiu tuyt sng

Nh cao, ai ng trong gng

Trng ln tc bc m thng phn ngi v.v...

Khng yu knh sao c, khi 1.300 nm trc, Bch C D

vit trong T b hnh:

Vn n my ting do qua

Khc tuy cha trn, tnh thong bay

Ngn bung bt khoan khoan du dt

Trc Ngh Thng sau thot Lc Yu

Dy to dng ma ro

N non dy nh nh vo chuyn ring

Ting cao thp la chen ln gy

Mm ngc u bng ny ht chu

Trong hoa oanh ru rt nhau

Sui tun rc rch chy mau xung ghnh

HUNH I TNG

52

Bnh bc v tun y dng nc

Nga st giong, x xt ting ao

Cung n la khc thanh tao

Ting bung x la la vo bn dy.

qu thc l nhng cu t thanh m p nht th gii, t c

ch kim. sau ny, tip bin chng, Nguyn Du v cng

thnh cng khi bn ln t ting n ca nng Kiu: Kiu gp

Kim Trng, Kiu hu n v chng Thc Sinh - Hon Th,

Kiu gy n trong doanh H Tn Hin, Kiu ti hp Kim

Trng; Th L, nh th duy m nht Vit Nam thi hin

i, vit Ting so Thin Thai; khi Chu Mnh Trinh vit ta

Truyn Kiu, cn nhc ti "git l Tm Dng"; Xun

Diu, trong Lng k n, vit:

Mt run m k n thy sng tri

Du khch i, du khch i ri,

hoc c th hn:

Long lanh ting si vang vang hn

Trng nh Tm Dng, nhc nh ngi

V Hong Chng vit:

Tnh nhn th chua cay ngi lch duyt

Nim giang h tan tc l Giang Chu

Ngn Giang vit:

Bn Tm Dng, trng nc mt con thuyn, ngn tnh ca

n;

Nguyn Bnh vit:


53

Mt la bn tri chung ln n

Thng nhau cha son khc t b

o xanh m t v m y

Ti nghip i con, xu h cha

Th l ch cn mt bi th, Vit Nam, Bch C D "sng

lu" n vy.

Li cn c chuyn, rt nhiu ngi Vit coi bi th ng sau

y ca L Thn (c sch vit l L ng) l ca dao Vit

Nam:

Cy ng ang bui ban tra

M hi thnh tht nh ma rung cy

Ai i bng bt cm y

Do thm mt ht, ng cay mun phn(?!).

y l do khun kh bi vit c hn, nh phi b qua rt nhiu

v d trong th ca hng ngn nh th khc i ng; nh

cha ni v s tng hp cc thanh trong ting Vit vi lut

bng, trc ca ng thi, v cch to t, to kh v.v trong

th Vit.

y, ti dch li th ng l v th

Trch th:

B quch li th xa

B quch li th xa,

V n chng hp thi.

Lut ng xin gi li,

em tr ch Con Tri!

th gii cnh tranh,

HUNH I TNG

54

Quc vn cn gii phng.

Khun kh, vt i thi!

Hot ng ginh ly sng.

Ch t t nhiu,

Nhc lut ty tc gi.

Ngi ht cng nh chim:

Lm iu hay v l.

Ta c sn ao ta,

Sao tm mi ao ngi?

Ta c nhiu vt liu:

Phong cnh p v ti.

Ch vnh h ng nh,

Ch th ni Thi.

Ch t cnh u u,

Mt ta cha tng thy.

Tnh tnh ngi An Nam

An Nam cn tt.

Cc c mun le i,

Vit pho tm s Cht!

Bu bo khc Ty Thi,

Nghnh ngang ci Thi Bch.

Ng vi Tam Hong,

ngha, i! rng toch!

Theo mi li th Tu,

Hng, hng thy cha?

Nh ra ng nhai na,

Nhng b cn cn la!

(Tun bo Sng Hng s 2, ra ngy 8-8-1936)


55

H Ni, ma phn

(Tng on Ph T)

Ma phn bay x x

Pha ln t, nc, tri.

Trng qua: h Lng Bc

Lng lng ta b khi.

Ngn gi lnh, nh roi.

Quy mnh vo hng cy.

Tr tr n Trn Quc,

L lo my ng thy.

Hong ht, mt thn chim

Va ngay vo cnh ca.

Nh thp n sng choang,

Hn chim i tm la.

Lt mt trn l ng,

Ngi li vi k qua,

Ming cm. Mi t ti,

Lnh ngt mt n ma.

Ni Ng, sng Hng

(Th gi cho mt ng bn Nam K)

Anh n Hu ri,

Anh bit Hu cha?

V bit Hu ri

Th hiu Hu cha?

Hiu ri cng ng l cha,

M cha no bit rng cha hay ri.

Ra i lng nhng bi hi,

Bit chng? Chng bit rng ri hay cha.

Hu ti, cnh p nh m.

HUNH I TNG

56

l mt bi th mun vn.

Tay tin d nn bt thn

Cng nh b lm nhng phn thanh tao.

Ng Bnh nh thp, nh cao,

Nht mu my mc, m mu c hoa.

Gi n, thng dp, chim ca,

Ho vn thoang thong mt vi khc tiu.

Hng Giang: c gi m miu,

Tm thn bay bm ly chu nhn nh,

Tri xun ri bng dng t:

Di hoa ng mt vi tiu th.

m thu trng t nc m,

Chic thuyn b t bn b c hoen;

iu n vt tn cung tin,

Ung dung ta nh xung min nhn gian

Ru hn mt gic mang mang

m nh mt nc m mng bing tri.

Anh tm cnh lch n chi

Th anh hiu Hu ri hay cha?

T Thc ng d du

Nm Tn V qua rm thng tm,

V tri thanh cng ngm cng cao,

Ngn h mt gii trng phau.

Ai dun di cho ta vo ng bch?

Vo ca ng t b tnh mch.

Ngn uc soi t tch nghn xa.

Ngm xem Ng Ch th

Lng m c n by gi mi thy.

Thp thong xa xa hang mt dy,

Ting nc gieo nh gy n cm

Thp cao iu bt m

Lc bng bng lc trm trm m i.

http://www.thivien.net/viewpoem.php?ID=11485


57

Nh nh, ng meo, ln bc mi,

M mt xem chn i k quan

to nm dc, nm ngang

Ai kho tc nn long bng h c

Tin bc go mi kho mi th

Chng ai nom, hu th ngi pham

Hang su xung t ti om

Tay hoa uc, ci mt dm: thm thm

Tro cm cheo leo ng ngm.

Ln cng cao cng lm v xinh.

La lp lo, ng rung rinh,

Nm v st bn mnh l nh.

Ru phong ng mc di nh c

Ch ru vng, ch , ch xanh

Ln mt mnh, xung mt mnh,

G bng ting rn rn ku mi.

Va n sp ca ng o Thi...

Ngh tr cao cm khi bi bi.

Trc ta e ch c Ngi

Lc nhn ri ln vo chi tin cnh,

Di ngn uc khc ng lng lnh.

Mt nhn lui, ng nh bc ra.

Tri thu trng gii Ngn h.

V ngn phai nht ba bn phn.

Tnh Thanh Ho c nhiu m cnh, song i vi ti ng T

Thc p hn. ng ny c lit vo th su trong cc

ng tri Nam. Trong sch xa, c Nguyn D chp rng sau

khi treo n t chc tri huyn, ng T Thc i ngao du. i n

ng Bch o (tc ng T Thc by gi) th gp nng tin

Ging Hng ri kt duyn vi nng. Sau v nh qu hng,

ng t bit v, mi thy rng my thng tin cnh bng my

th k a gii vy.

Nghe ni rng xa kia li vo ng rt ho lnh. Sau nh ng

HUNH I TNG

58

o Thi Hanh (lm tri huyn Nga Sn) tu b nn khch du

lch cng ng. ng ny khi no ri vic quan vo ng nm

chi, nm trn mt ci sp , c ngay cui ng, mt ni rt

b him.

V ng ny p, nn c th ng ch v c bng nhn L Qu

n c khc th trong , trc ca ng.

Nam Trn

Ng nhn

(Khng L thin s - , Vit Nam)

Ng nhn

Vn l thanh giang, vn l thin,

Nht thn tang gi, nht thn yn.

Ng ng thu trc, v nhn hon,

Qu ng tnh lai, tuyt mn thuyn.

Ci nhn ca ng ng

Vn dm sng xanh, tri vn dm,

Tng min du rui, khi quanh min.

ng chi ngon gic khng ai gi,

Tnh dy sau tra, tuyt ngm thuyn.


59

( - )

To gii (phin m)

Nht th k d v lan

Qun tinh ng nguyt thng thu san

Chinh nhn d ti chinh thng

Nghnh din thu phong trn trn hn.

ng phng bch sc d thnh hng

U m tn d to nht khng

Non kh bao la ton v tr

Hnh nhn thi hng ht gia nng.

(Ngc trung nht k H Ch Minh)

Gii i sm (Nam Trn dch)

G gy mt ln m cha tan

Chm sao nng nguyt vt ln ngn;

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=nam%20tr%C3%A2n%20d%E1%BB%8Bch%20ng%E1%BB%A5c%20trung%20nh%E1%BA%ADt%20k%C3%BD&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&ved=0CE8QFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thivien.net%2Fviewpoemgroup.php%3FID%3D6&ei=lf9QUYKFA87E4AODgIGYCQ&usg=AFQjCNF6O0PnE1cPY4PDHVgGTSehC3lATQ

HUNH I TNG

60

Ngi i ct bc trn ng thm,

Rt mt, m thu, trn gi hn.

Phng ng mu trng chuyn sang hng,

Bng ti m tn, qut sch khng;

Hi m bao la trm v tr,

Ngi i, thi hng bng thm nng.

Trn Trang Blog Vn Chng + ng Nguyn Hu Sn, c

nhn xt v th Nam Trn:

V m iu, th Nam Trn thc di do. Thi nhn khng theo

iu no nht nh. Trc mi cnh, mi tnh, ngi li c to

ra mt iu th thch hp. Cu th lun lun bin ho: s ch

thay i t mt n mi. iu th l iu ti quan h vi

Nam Trn; ngi lun lun tm kim, v ngi ngh rng ch c

ngi mi chu nm hoi trong mt khun kh.

Nhng iu th cng nh th, Nam Trn, u l kt qu

ca s n o k lng, s suy tnh sing nng. Nam Trn lun

lun t ch ngi bt ca mnh mt cch chc chn, khng bao

gi phng cho n i theo nhng nhc iu m thm mt i khi

vn thao thc trong lng ta.

Ti liu tham kho:

- Nam Trn Web: vi.wikipedia.org

- Nam Trn Web: vanchuongplusvn.blogspot.com


61

3. T Lc Vn on vi bo Phong Ha v Ngy Nay.

Trong khong thi gian sng ti Php, ngoi vic hc khoa

hc, Nguyn Tng Tam cn chuyn tm nghin cu v ngh

bo, v ng nhn thy loi bo tro phng l kh thch hp vi

s thch ca nhiu ngi. Nm 1930, ng bng C nhn

khoa hc, v tr v nc trong bi cnh "c x ng Dng

nh sng trong m di trung c. Mi hnh thc u tranh v

trang hu nh b thc dn Php trit tiu".

V H Ni, thc hin c vng ca mnh, Nguyn Tng

Tam np n xin S Bo ch cho php ra bo Ting ci, v

chun b bi v cho s bo u tin. Tuy nhin, ln no hi

thm u nghe ngi ca s y bo rng ch xt. Trong thi

gian i giy php ra bo, Nguyn Tng Tam xin dy hc ti

trng t thc Thng Long. Ti y, ng quen bit vi hai

ng nghip l Trn Khnh Gi (Khi Hng) v Phm Hu

Ninh.

Phong Ha s2 ngy 23-6-1932

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%AD_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_c%E1%BB%95http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_d%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1i_H%C6%B0ng

HUNH I TNG

62

Khi bit ng Ninh cng Nguyn Xun Mai ang lm ch t

tun bo Phong Ha, ra 13 s bo, nhng sp sa phi nh

bn v khng c g mi m bn c ch . Chp thi c,

Nguyn Tng Tam ng mua li. Sau , ng Tam, vi vai

tr Gim c (Directeur) t bo, lin cng vi mt nhm anh

em bn hu gm c: Khi Hng (Trn Khnh Gi, vn l cy

bt cn cn gi nhiu mc quan trng trn bo Phong Ha sut

t s 1 cho n s 14), T M (H Trng Hiu), Hong o

(Nguyn Tng Long), Thch Lam (Nguyn Tng Ln), to

thnh mt ban bin tp hon ton mi.

Bt u ngy 22 thng 09 nm 1932, bo Phong Ha s 14 ra 8

trang kh ln, v c nh gi l "mt qu bom n gia lng

bo".

Phong Ha s 127

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1i_H%C6%B0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BA_M%E1%BB%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_%28nh%C3%A0_v%C4%83n%29http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Lamhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_th%C3%A1ng_09http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932


63

Sau khi t bo "bn chy nh tm ti ngay t nhng s u",

Nguyn Tng Tam cng vi cc cng s quyt nh thnh lp

mt bt nhm ly tn l T Lc vn on. Mt thnh vin ca

bt nhm l T M k li (lc trch):

Phong Ha Xun s 134 ngy 30-1-1935

HUNH I TNG

64

...Tt c nhng g d nh cho bo "Ting ci", anh Tam dn

c cho bo "Phong Ha mi"...Bo lm n pht t, v mc d

anh em lm vic qun mnh, khng v li, nhng anh Tam vn

phi chy tin kh cht vt mi tun kp tr cho nh in

v tin mua giy...Cui nm (1932), tnh s mi ng nga

ra: li li chia theo s vn, phn ln chui vo kt ca nh t

sn...Anh Tam bn hp bn vi anh em, v ng vi nhau

rng: Khng th chi vi nh t sn c. Quyt nh thnh

lp T lc vn on trn nguyn tc lm n da vo sc

mnh, theo tinh thn anh em mt nh; t chc khng qu 10

ngi nn khng phi xin php Nh nc; khng cn c vn

bn iu l: ly lng tin nhau lm ct, ch nu ra trong ni b

mc ch tn ch, anh em t gic tun theo...

V sau, khi iu kin tt hn m rng tm hot ng, bt

nhm y mi chnh thc tuyn b thnh lp, vi mt tn ch

gm 10 iu trn tun bo Phong Ha s 87 ra ngy th Su, 2

thng 3 nm 1934 .

C quan ngn lun ca T Lc vn on l tun bo Phong

Ha (k t s 14 ra ngy 22 thng 9 nm 1932, s cui 190 ra

ngy 5 thng 6 nm 1936), v t nm 1935 thm tun bo Ngy

nay (s u tin ra ngy 30 thng 1 nm 1935, s cui 224 ra

ngy 7 thng 9 nm 1940). Ngoi ra, vn on cn c nh xut

bn i Nay t xut bn sch ca mnh.

Tr s chnh ca vn on t nh s 80 ph Qun Thnh,

H Ni. y va l ta son bo Phong Ha, Ngy Nay; va l

tr s nh xut bn i Nay. Ban u, bt nhm ch c 6 thnh

vin, gm:

Nguyn Tng Tam (Nht Linh), l Trng vn on v cng

l Gim c bo Phong Ha, Khi Hng, Hong o, Th L,

Thch Lam, T M. V sau, kt np thm Xun Diu.

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_th%C3%A1ng_3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_th%C3%A1ng_3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_H%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phong_H%C3%B3ahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_th%C3%A1ng_9http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_th%C3%A1ng_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_th%C3%A1ng_9http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1n_Th%C3%A1nhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Tamhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1i_H%C6%B0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_%28nh%C3%A0_v%C4%83n%29http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_L%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_Lamhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BA_M%E1%BB%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%C3%A2n_Di%E1%BB%87u


65

Bn cnh cn c nhng cng s vin khc (khng trong

ta son bo Phong Ha v T Lc vn on), gm:

Cc nh vn, nh th: Huy Cn, Trng Lang, on Ph T,

c Thu, Trn Tiu, Thanh Tnh, Phm Cao Cng, Nguyn

Khc Hiu, T Hoi, Nguyn Hng, inh Hng, Vi Huyn

c, Nguyn Tng Bch, ...

Cc ha s: Nguyn Gia Tr, T Ngc Vn, Nguyn Ct Tng,

L Minh c (to ra nhn vt X X), v.v....

Lm bo Phong Ha c khong 2 nm, Nguyn Tng Tam

bn xin php ra thm t tun bo Ngy Nay (s u tin ra

ngy 30 thng 1 nm 1935) nhng Nguyn Tng Cm (l

mt cng chc, anh ca ng Tam) ng tn. Ban u, bo

khng c mc tro phng, nhng c mc "phng s iu tra

vi nhiu hnh nh c tnh cch m thut". y l s mi l i

vi c gi lc by gi, nn rt c hoan nghnh. Nhng v

n lot tn km qu, li phi chia sc ra, nn bo Ngy Nay ch

ra c 13 s th phi nh bn.

Sau khi bo Phong Ha b ng ca (s cui 190 ra ngy 5

thng 6 nm 1936), bo Ngy Nay li ra thay. Tc bn, bo ch

c hai phn chnh l tiu thuyt v trng tm, khng c

phn tro phng, v n l nguyn nhn khin t Phong Ha

b rt giy php. Tuy nhin, n cui nm y (1936), v thi

cuc thay i (n ra phong tro lp kin ngh ch n y

ban iu tra ca Chnh ph bnh dn Php phi sang), khin T

Lc vn on li cho m mc tro phng nhng gim bt so

vi trc, gi l ci na ming thi.

Bc sang nhng nm 1937- 1939, t Ngy Nay li tr thnh

mt c quan chnh tr hn hoi, vi nhng bi x lun anh thp

ca Hong o, cp n nhng vn cp thit ca thi

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_v%C4%83nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_th%C6%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy_C%E1%BA%ADnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90o%C3%A0n_Ph%C3%BA_T%E1%BB%A9http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%97_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Thu&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%97_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Thu&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Ti%C3%AAuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanh_T%E1%BB%8Bnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Cao_C%E1%BB%A7nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%E1%BA%AFc_Hi%E1%BA%BFuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Kh%E1%BA%AFc_Hi%E1%BA%BFuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4_Ho%C3%A0ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_H%E1%BB%93nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90inh_H%C3%B9nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_B%C3%A1ch&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Da_s%C4%A9http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Gia_Tr%C3%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_V%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nguy%E1%BB%85n_C%C3%A1t_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_th%C3%A1ng_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_th%C3%A1ng_6http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939

HUNH I TNG

66

i. Ngoi ra, y cng l ni T Lc vn on c ng cho

phong tro nh Sng (mc ch ci to np sng nng thn)

ca h...Vn on giai on ny, cng m rng ca ra

hn, n nhn thm nhiu vn ngh s c ti khc nh: Vi

Huyn c, on Ph T, Thanh Tnh, Huy Cn, v.v.... Sau s

224 (ra ngy 07 thng 09 nm 1940), bo Ngy Nay b nh cm

quyn ng ca (cha bit l do).

Ngy Nay Xun 1937

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90o%C3%A0n_Ph%C3%BA_T%E1%BB%A9http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanh_T%E1%BB%8Bnhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy_C%E1%BA%ADnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/07_th%C3%A1ng_09http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940


67

T khong nm 1937, khng kh ca Chin tranh th gii th

hai tc ng mnh n i sng x hi Vit Nam. Nm 1940,

khi Nht vo ng Dng, Nguyn Tng Tam v mt s

thnh vin trong nhm chuyn sang hot ng chnh tr...

Cui nm 1940, Khi Hng, Hong o, Nguyn Gia Tr...b

thc dn Php bt giam ri y ln Sn La... Nm 1942,

Nguyn Tng Tam trn sang Trung Quc, Thch Lam mt v

bnh lao phi ti H Ni, Khi Hng b Vit Minh th tiu...

Theo mt s nh nghin cu vn hc s th T Lc vn on

c bn tan r t khi y.

Nhiu tc phm ca T Lc vn on gy c ting vang

nh:

- Hn bm m tin xut bn ngy 27 thng 5 nm 1933. y

l cun tiu thuyt u tay ca Khi Hng v cng l cun tiu

thuyt u tin ca vn on.

- Na chng xun (tiu thuyt, 1934) ca Khi Hng.

- Tha t (tiu thuyt, 1938) ca Khi Hng.

- on tuyt (tiu thuyt, 1934), Lnh lng (tiu thuyt, 1936),

i bn (tiu thuyt, 1937). C 3 quyn u ca Nht Linh.

- Con ng sng (tiu thuyt, 1940) ca Hong o.

- My vn th (tp th, 1935) ca Th L.

- Gi u ma (tp truyn ngn, 1937) ca Thch Lam.

- Ging nc ngc' (th tro phng, 1943) ca T M.

- Th th (tp th, 1938) ca Xun Diu.

- .

Khng ch sng tc vn hc, T Lc vn on cn trao cc gii

thng cho cc nh vn khng thuc nhm. Gii thng

c xt trao c thy ba ln: 1935, 1937 v 1939. y l mt

gii thng uy tn, mt bo chng danh gi cho s nghip vn

chng ca nhng ngi ot gii. Nm 1935: Truyn Ba ca

c Thu, Dim hng trang ca Phan Vn Dt, Bng my

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_th%E1%BB%A9_haihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_th%E1%BB%A9_haihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_d%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C6%A1n_Lahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%93n_b%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bm_m%C6%A1_ti%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_th%C3%A1ng_5http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%E1%BB%ADa_ch%E1%BB%ABng_xu%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%ABa_t%E1%BB%B1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90o%E1%BA%A1n_tuy%E1%BB%87t&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BA%A1nh_l%C3%B9ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%B4i_b%E1%BA%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Con_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_s%C3%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5y_v%E1%BA%A7n_th%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%B3_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_m%C3%B9a&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%B2ng_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%A1_th%C6%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%90%E1%BB%97_%C3%90%E1%BB%A9c_Thu&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%90%E1%BB%97_%C3%90%E1%BB%A9c_Thu&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_V%C4%83n_D%E1%BA%ADt

HUNH I TNG

68

chiu ca Hn Th Du, Nm 1937: Kch Kim tin ca Vi

Huyn c, truyn B v ca Nguyn Hng, Ni lng ca

Nguyn Khc Mn. Nm 1939: Truyn Lm l ca Mnh Ph

T, Cn nh gch (sau i tn Ting ci nh my) ca Kim

H, tp th Phn hng rng ca Mng Tuyt, Bc tranh qu

ca Anh Th v Nghn ngo ca T Hanh....

Trong khong 10 nm (1932 - 1942) tn ti, vn on y vi

nhng sng tc vn hc, hot ng bo ch, xut bn sch, trao

gii thng, v.v... to nhiu nh hng n vn hc v x hi

Vit Nam thi k .

Theo nhn nh ca Gio s Dng Qung Hm trong Vit

Nam Vn Hc S Yu:

Cng vic ca T Lc vn on c nh hng v ng x

hi v ng vn hc.

-V ng x hi, ci bit ti tro phng ca phi y, c trong

th vn v trong cc bc h ha, lm r ci d, ci rm, ci

bun ci, ci gi di trong cc h tc, thin kin ca ta. Tuy

nhin, phi y khng khi c nhng iu thin lch. C nhng

tc khng ng cng kch m cng cng kch.

- V ng vn hc, phi y gy nn ci phong tro th

mi v lm cho th vn tiu thuyt c c thng. Phi y

li c cng trong vic lm cho vn quc ng tr nn sng sa,

bnh gin, khin cho nhiu ngi thch c.

Ti liu tham kho:

- T Lc vn on Web: vi.wikipedia.org

- Bo Phong Ha Web: sachxua.net

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_Huy%E1%BB%81n_%C4%90%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anh_Th%C6%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_Hanhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Namhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_H%C3%A0m


69

1) T M

T M - H Trng Hiu (1900-1976)

T M tn tht l H Trng Hiu l mt nh th tro phng

Vit Nam, ng sinh ngy 14 thng 3 nm 1900 ti ph Hng

Hm H Ni, trong mt gia nh tiu th cng thnh th.

Ln 5 tui, ng hc ch Hn vi ng ni. Khi ng ni mt, ng

mi hc ch quc ng vi thy gio Qu ph Hng Mnh.

Hc c mt nm, ng xin chuyn vo hc trng nh nc

ph Hng Bng, tip n l trng Hng Vi.

Nm 1914, c 14 tui, ng u bng s hc Php-Vit,

Documents

Tập I - vietnamvanhien.netvietnamvanhien.net/VANHOCMIENBAC5475.1.pdf · Phổ Thông bán nguyệt san ... đó là sự che đậy mộng bành trướng chủ nghĩa ... Nam Cao,