Tanzania - tzdpg.or.tz · order to convince the government to modify its price reporting methodology. ... preparation prior to printing / publication. 3) ... comparison with European

Tanzania:Southern Highlands Food

Systems

Soya Bean

Value Chain Analysis

Consultant’s Report (Annexes)

R Trevor Wilson

1 October 2013

Tanzania Southern Highlands Food Systems 59

ANNEX 1TERMS OF REFERENCE

Food and Agriculture organization of the United NationsTerms of Reference for Consultant/PSA

Job Title International Value Chain Analysis Expert – Soya Bean / Rice

Division/Department AGS

Programme/ProjectNumber

URT 132 SHFS Programme

Location Tanzania

Expected Start Date ofAssignment

01.08.2013 Duration: 60 Working days

Reports to Diana Tempelman Title: FAO Rep

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TASK(S) AND OBJECTIVES TO BE ACHIEVED

The envisaged assignement is to cover five distinctive areas:

1) Based on the already available White Meat Report prepared by the consultant Trevor

Wilson, develop a further detailed ‘integrated’ strategy and the associated action

steps required. This will be a very useful addition for the the conduct of the

forthcoming Sub Sector Strategy Development Programme 3SDP. Two working

days at home (1-2.08.2013) 2) In conjunction with CTA and AGS (FAO Rome) SHFS consultant, prepare both the

Red Meat VC and White Meat VC analysis for publication. Four working days athome (3-6.08.2013)

3) In conjunction with CTA and AGS (FAO Rome) SHFS consultant, review of RiceValue Chain Analysis prepared by consultant Ian Lewis emphazing econometric dataand preparing document for publication. Six working days at home (7-12.08.2013);the 13.08.2013 will be a travel day from UK to TZA.

4) Undertake a Soyabean Value Chain (VC) analysis in Tanzania according to thefollowing guidelines listed below.

5) Undertake a Rice market / price setting analysis in selected areas of Tanzaniaaccording to the guidelines listed below.

Note: The field study for Soyabean VC and Rice market / price setting will be donesimultanously. Time period: 14.08.2013 – 23.09.2013 (= total of 13 working daysin August and 19 working days in September); the 24.09.2013 will be a travelday from TZA to UK

Report writing for Soya Bean VC, Eight working days at home (24.09.2013 –02.10.2013)

Report writing Rice price setting, Six working days at home (03.10.2013 -08.10.2013)

60 Soya Bean Value Chain Analysis (Annexes)

* An attached Workschedule constitutes part of these TORs

Soya Bean VC analysis

• Adopt guidelines for value chain analysis as described in “Guidelines for Rapid

Appraisals of Agri-Food Chain Performance in Developing Countries” (FAO/AGS

Occasional Paper No. 20, 2007) and “Globalization and the Small Firm: A Value

Chain Approach to Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction” (AMAP/BDS micro

Report #42 USAID, 2006) and adapt the methodologies to the constraints and time

frame for the implementation of the study.

• Identify strengths and bottlenecks in production, processing, marketing and the

institutional environment of the Tanzania Soya Bean industry. Establish links

between performance drivers along the value-chain with efficiency / competitiveness

issues.

• Identify strengths and bottlenecks in production, processing, marketing and the

institutional environment of the Tanzania Soya Bean industry. Establish links

between performance drivers along the value-chain with efficiency / competitiveness

issues.

• Conduct a validation workshop on the sub-sector assessment results with

stakeholders (private and public sector) of the Soya Bean industry.

• Provide recommendations to government and private sector stakeholders regarding

the improvement of organization and performance of the Soya Beanvalue chain

appraised in view of increasing efficiency and competitiveness

• Develop and formulate expanded draft recommendations to government and private

sector stakeholders regarding the improvement of organization and performance of

the soya bean value chain appraised in view of increasing efficiency and

competitiveness – Sub Sector Development Strategy. Refer to Point 5 Annex B

• Prepare outline of Sub Sector Strategy Development Presentation for 3SDP 2013

• Provide recommendations on additional studies, if warranted.

• Prepare a study report on the “Tanzanian Soya Bean Sub-Sector Analysis” ( MS

Word) following the outline proposed in Annex B

Rice and Paddy market / price setting

BackgroundThe Tanzania rice market is not well understood by the government, donor agencies,civil society or the private sector. No one knows the approximate quantities of eachgrade traded and thus the price that most accurately reflects the majority of ricetraded in the country. An independent, comprehensive study of the rice market inTanzania is needed to establish the approximate quantities of each grade traded inorder to convince the government to modify its price reporting methodology.

The study should engage the price monitors of the East African Grain Councilwho have some knowledge of the brokers and traders in wholesale grain marketsacross Tanzania.

A study of market functions / price stting modalities will be carried out at thefollowing markets:


Dar es Salaam-Tandika, Tandale, Mbagala, Buguruni, Mwananyamala & Kawe /Mbeya / Mbarali / Iringa / Dodoma/ Arusha / Moshi / Morogoro / Ifakara Following information is to be compiled for each visited market:

• Name of broker

• Mobile Telephone Number

• Location within market

• Commission Tsh/kg

• Cost Tsh/kg of loading/unloading one 100-kg bag

• Number of 100-kg bags currently in stock

• Prices & quantity of Grade 1, 2, 3 and paddy if possible

• Prices & quantity of imported Asian rice

• Discounts Tsh/kg for 10 ton, 20 ton, 50 ton purchase

• Estimates of quantity moved per week, per month

• Transport cost to Dar es Salaam

• Peak periods of rice trading

• Source of rice

• Destination of rice

• Name & phone number of any large traders with godowns in area

• Name & phone number of large buyers

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Expected Outputs:

1) Part 1: Output: Expanded Integrated Strategy to be contained within the

current White Meat Report.

2) Part 2: Red and White Meat VC reports ready for final editing and lay-out

preparation prior to printing / publication.

3) Part 3: Rice Value chain analysis ready for final editing and lay-out

preparation prior to printing / publication

4) Part 4: A concluding 1 day soya bean VC stakeholders’ workshop where the

findings from the soya bean VC study will be presented and discussed (draft

report) and where the vision and the strategy for the Soya Bean VC will be

refined and revised based on stakeholder input. This information will be

processed in the final Soya Bean VC report. A model value chain study

developed for the soya bean sub-sector and validated through discussions with

stakeholders, leading to policies and strategies to promote and sustain sub-

sector competitiveness as well as contributing to further develop local

capacity on value chain / sub-sector analysis

5) Part 5: A report on market overview of the selected markets / market areas as

outlined in the above.

Required Completion Date:

06 August 2013th

06 August 2013th

12 August 2013th

23 Septembere 2013rd

08 October 2013nd


REQUIRED COMPETENCIES

Academic Qualifications

§Advanced academic degree in agricultural economics or related subject

Technical Competencies and Experience Requirements

§Relevant experience (10 years minimum) in agrifood systems development, including the development of

agrifood sub-sector appraisals

§Ability to lead / coordinate multidisciplinary teams

§Fluency in English and Kishwaheli


Annex A

GENERAL ISSUES TO BE COVEIN THE TANZANIAN SOYA BEAN VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

1) General overview of Soya Bean production, Soya Bean markets and Soya Bean

processing (last five years). a) overview of production and market of Soya Bean processed products in

Tanzania including: trends and dynamics of Soya Bean production by types

and categories of farm enterprises);

b) analysis of current Soya Bean production situation; domestic markets; exports

and imports; costs structure (purchase price, sales price, wholesale and retail

prices per Soya Bean grades); overall Soya Bean supply balance;

c) profit and loss account of Soya Bean production by types of production;

d) review of existing regulatory framework including aspects of food safety, the

environment and traceability (e.g. introduction of use and br codes);

e) directions and effectiveness of measures of government support.

2) Analysis of Soya Bean processing and consumer goods industry

a) existing processing enterprises and overview of their current situation by

regions (number of enterprises, workload, equipment status, etc);b) dynamics of Soya Bean processing by types in country regions c) volume of Soya Bean consumption (by types of Soya Bean) in country

regions, by season, in rural and urban areas, and by ethnic groupsd) dynamics import/export by types of Soya Bean products in country regions e) analysis of Soya Bean prices during a year (by regions) analysis of factors,

influencing changes in prices;f) identification of existing barriers (tax, customs, administrative, etc) and

shortcoming of consumer goods industry development; g) determination of main factors assuring competitiveness; breakdown of costs

and analysis of product quality; profit and loss account of Soya Beanprocessing enterprises

h) determination of the main trends in sector developmenti) recommendations and justification of the choice of Soya Bean processing

enterprises; j) Analysis of distribution channels on internal and external markets. location;

recommended industrial map (by regions)

3) Market Analysis

a) Overall economic assessment; and review ofb) International experience in Soya Bean production and processing, global

trends, main factors affecting competitiveness: volume of world Soya Beanproduction and processing, determination of leading Soya Bean-producingand processing countries; main trends in import and consumption of SoyaBean in the leading countries; determination of the main factors, influencingcompetitiveness of Soya Bean production and processing.

c) Potential markets and niche markets for Soya Bean and Soya Bean products:countries – main producers and exporters of Soya Bean and Soya Beanproducts (volume of export), countries – main importers of Soya Bean andSoya Bean products (volume of import); forecast of the level of consumptionand import in the countries, which are considered to be potential importers of


Soya Bean and Soya Bean products in 2010-2015 using different scenarios;forecast of wholesale prices in the potential importing countries 2010-2015using scenarios; analysis of Soya Bean production and processing sectors inexporting countries; analysis of Soya Bean production and processing sectorsin potential importing countries; analysis of current export price for Soya Beanand Soya Bean products.

d) Analysis of prevailing domestic Soya Bean and Soya Bean products qualityand safety standards; of the capacity of national producers and processors tocomply to such standards; comparison with European standards; estimation ofprocedural and technological need requirements for compliance tointernationally acknowledged quality and safety standards.

4) Value Chain Development Options: main policy and strategy directions and

implementation mechanisms

a) Sub-sector Strenghts-Weaknesses-Opportinities-Threats (SWOT) analysisb) Recommendations for improvement of regulatory framework; of tariff settings;

of national standards for Soya Bean and Soya Bean products.c) Required policy support;d) Development options for small, medium and large livestock enterprises;e) Development options on organisational arrangements;f) Recommendations for introduction of modern technologies and upgrading of

machinery and equipmentg) Development options of processing industry: viability of Soya Bean processing

enterprises; simulation of an investment (i.e. private investment andGovernment investment) within years;

h) Development options along the intermediary sections from production toprocessing, and marketing

i) Scientific, human resource, information support requirements.


Annex B

PROPOSED OUTLINE & GENERAL COMMENTS ON METHODOLOGY

(To be refined through discussions with FAO’s LTU)

Table of ContentsList of BoxesList of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgementsExecutive SummaryAcronyms

1. Introduction1.1 Background of the Study & Objectives1.2 Methodology1.3 Brief Overview of the VC

2. End-markets2.1 National Market2.2 Export Markets

3. The X Value Chain3.1 The VC Map3.2 Technology Generation3.3 Input Supply & Demand3.4 Production3.5 Processing3.6 Wholesale & Retail Distribution3.7 Target Group Considerations

4. Systemic Constraints and Upgrading Opportunities4.1 Related to Business Enabling Environment4.2 Related to Vertical and Horizontal Linkages and VC Governance4.3 Related to Support Services

5. Vision and Strategy for Improved Competitiveness and Growth5.1 Vision5.2 Strategic Issues Synthesis5.3 Value Chain Competitiveness Strategy5.4 Proposed Strategy Components

AnnexAnnex A: List of Key InformantsAnnex B: Detailed Economic CalculationsAnnex C: Detailed Technical DiscussionsAnnex D: Additional Information

Bibliography


1. Introduction• Why the study was set-up, by whom, in what context

• How the study is set up and how it was executed

• Brief description of the VC (history, economic relevance, key dimensions, bulleted key

issues, growth potential, types of production, processing, marketing, government role &

strategy).

2. End-markets• Type of market by location: domestic market, regional market, high-end export markets.

• Type of market by stage in the VC: the market the project target group operates on may be

intermediary market, rather than the end-market.

• Type of market by segmentation: price-leadership, quality leadership, differentiation.

• Size of the various markets (volume, value terms) – 10 year trends, growth rates.

• Presentation and discussion of production & trade data (aggregated data, 10 year trends,

map with production areas, regional shifts) – explain any outliers in the data.

• Other trends in these markets (including consumer preferences, branding strategies,

wholesale and retail distribution procurement systems) & drivers of the dynamics

(including behavior of lead actors, free trade agreements, market policy).

• Prices (over the year, across years, by quality, etc.), use of CIF prices in export markets.

• Operational practices in these various markets (e.g., logistics).

• Key success factors in these markets.

• Key players in these markets and their competitive strengths.

• Benchmarking (current position vs. most competitive country/firm).

• Given the above, what are the most promising markets for the target stakeholders?

· Include potential buyer contacts.

3. The Soya Bean Value ChainIn section 3 the analysis looks at the structure and dynamics of the value chain as a system andidentifies opportunities for upgrading. The structure recognizes the heterogeneity of the valuechain actors and identifies key points of leverage where large volumes or many stakeholders cometogether. These are points where maximum (perhaps even national) impact can be achieved. Thedynamics look at how the system is changing over time. The primary factors driving or blocking

the dynamics of the value chain include changes in: market demand (as analyzed in section 2),

technology, available services, profitability, risk, barriers to entry, large-firm behaviour, input

supply, and policy. Upgrading opportunities can exist in terms of the product or the process by

which the product is developed (operational upgrading). There may also be functional and channel

upgrading opportunities. The former refer to taking on more steps in the current value chain, the

latter refer to shifting to another value chain, perhaps targeting a different end-market. Using

realistic assumptions, some initial financial feasibility and associated sensitivity analysis should

be conducted for each main upgrading opportunity considered.

3.1 The VC Map• Develop the VC map graphic (functions, various types of actors, vertical

connections, support services, environment) – see example at the end.

• Indicate leverage points, add map overlays (number of actors, volumes, values).

• Describe & discuss the main channels with an indication of their importance and

decline/growth (dynamics).


• Conduct a marketing margin or value addition analysis (and an indication of the

profitability if costs are known or can be estimated – farm-level production costs

should be estimated as the starting point for the value addition analysis) – this

should also include any taxes (e.g., VAT) or tariffs.

3.2 Technology Generation• Discussion of R&D related issues at each level of the VC. Technologies, including

inputs such as seeds, fertilizer and crop helth products, play a key role in upgrading

for competitiveness. Compare to competitors, discuss who provides access, who

pays for it, etc.

3.3 Input Supply & Demand• Discussion on the current situation and its weaknesses and strengths; discussion of

any trends that may be present – usage level, availability, prices, ...; compare to

other countries.

3.4 Production• General discussion of issues (e.g., cultivation practices, technologies, seed

availability, seed types (genetic resources), etc.).

• Discussion of types of producers (subsistence, emerging commercial, large-scale

commercial,....). For each type indicate the number of farmers, the aggregated

volume and value of their output (these data were used for the map overlays

above), production technologies and practices used, results (yield, cost of

production, quality of output, timing, compliance with standards, ...), differences in

technical or market-related knowledge, access to capital and support services, links

to downstream actors in the VC, etc.. Also discuss the dynamics and the factors

driving them. Compare to main competitors in targeted end-markets.

• Financial analysis at the farm level (investment cost for a new operations or certain

upgrading types, gross margin analysis – with production cost used in margin

analysis above, cash flow analysis – to get a feel for the working capital needs)

with some indication of the financial risks involved. It is important to place this

analysis in the context of the capacities and incentives for farmers, including other

farm activities, non-farm income sources, other family cash needs (e.g., schoolfees), attitudes and coping mechanisms related to risk, food consumptionpreferences, access to land, labor, capital, markets, information, support systems,etc.

3.5 Processing• Some discussion of the various steps in processing with graphics, where useful.

• Then a similar structure as the discussion under 3.4, with general issues (e.g..,

losses, factors affecting quality) and a discussion per type of processor. Financial

analysis as in 3.4 if feasible.

3.6 Wholesale & Retail Distribution• Discussion of the nature of the wholesale and retail markets.


• Then a similar structure as the discussion under 3.4, with general issues and a

discussion per type of wholesaler or retailer. This includes a discussion of product

and process standards demanded, of the delivery conditions (e.g., packagingformat, payment terms, order volumes, etc.), and so on.

• Financial analysis as in 3.4 if feasible.

3.7 Target Group Considerations• Current situation and potential impact (positive or negative).

• Target group considerations include gender as well as others related to: youth,

environment, the very poor, food security, nutrition, etc.

4. Systemic Constraints and Upgrading OpportunitiesIn section 4, the analysis digs for the some of the deeper underlying causes of the observedbottlenecks/constraints to upgrading. Practically, this refers to asking successive“why”questions, and most centrally: if a better alternative to the current exists, why is itnot emerging? This can be related to elements in the enabling environment or missingincentives for or capacities of stakeholders. The box below illustrates of what is aimed for.

The observation that yields are low because farmers do not use sufficient fertilizer doesnot say anything about the real causal problem (the root problem). Why are farmers notusing more fertilizer? Do they lack the knowledge and if so why are manufacturers notproviding extension? Are fertilizers not available and if so, why does the private sector notsupply them? Do farmers have insufficient cash to purchase them and if so why don’tbanks provide them with loans? Do farmers not trust the stockists to deliver a qualityfertilizer and if so why does the private sector not regulate itself? Do farmers get lockedinto subsidized fertilizer that in the end does not arrive or arrives too late and if so, whydoes government not change its approach? Or, on the incentive side: are fertilizer pricestoo high relative to impact in terms of increased sales or is this impact too risky given thefarmer’s cash position or market volatility?

4.1. Related to Business Enabling EnvironmentHere the following types of issues can be discussed (depending on relevancy): land rightsand land markets, trade agreements, government policies, regulations and supportprograms related to markets, trade, food safety & quality, donor activity, publicinfrastructure (energy, ICT, roads, water, ports, market facilities).

4.2 Related to Vertical and Horizontal Linkages and VC GovernanceHere “software” issues such as the following can be discussed (depending on relevancy):collective action by stakeholders (farmers coops, apex organizations, regionalorganizations, etc.), dominant contract mechanism types, the nature of the overall businessmodel, how information flows vertically, how rules are enforced and disputes are settled,levels of competition, presence of collusion, ... This discussion should include the reasonsfor their presence and what hinders movement to a more effective/efficient governancemechanism or business model (e.g., market power, lack of trust, perceived as too risky,transaction costs, ...).

4.3 Related to Support ServicesHere issues such as the following access to services and their sustainability can be


discussed (depending on relevancy): financial services (banking, loans, accounting),insurance services, extension, market information, transport, storage, marketing (e.g.,commodity exchange, warehouse receipt systems, packaging, market strategy, sales),laboratory analysis, product development, etc.

5. Vision and Strategy for Improved Competitiveness and Growth5.1 VisionThis is a one paragraph statement. This has to be specific as it sets the goal for the strategy.The vision has to be realistic as determined by the assumptions made. Also need to takeinto account the government perspective. This is an example for the mandarin VC inAlbania:

By 2020, a vibrant cluster of some 400 mandarin growers and two or three consolidatorswith modern pack house operations in the Xarre-Mursi-Konispol valley in SarandaDistrict will produce 14,000MT of mandarins from 400ha over a four-month window (lateOctober – early February) and supply it at competitive prices and quality to a broad rangeof markets. These markets will include 7,000MT sold in the domestic market (market shareof 70%), 5,000MT sold in the Balkan region, including through the leading regionalsupermarket chains, and 2,000MT to a high-end market such as Russia.

5.2 Strategic Issues SynthesisUsing a SWOT framework, summarize they key strategic issues from the analysis above.From this, discuss the most promising market opportunities and the key competitiveadvantages to be leveraged and the main bottlenecks/constraints to be addressed topenetrate this market. This should be a very realistic view on the situation, based onobjective measurements (e.g., is quality really different from that of key competitors?).The idea is to “ride the waves” created by the dynamics that were discussed above (focusthere where the growth potential is the highest).

5.3 Value Chain Competitiveness Strategy• List the assumptions on which the vision above is based (e.g., in terms of acreage,

yields, investments, behaviour of VC actors, support services, and the GoR) and

show quantitatively how this will lead from the current status to the envisioned

status (show these are realistic assumptions, given the right strategy).

• Indicate the core strategy (there are only 3 options: price leadership, quality

leadership, differentiation) and list the main strategy elements. Remember that a

strategy is NOT a mere list of solutions to problems, rather it:

1. Presents an integrated and realistic set of tasks along the VC thatcombined will be needed to achieve the stated vision; and

2. Indicates how a sustainable positive growth cycle will be initiated, i.e.,it is not dependent on sustained support in the form of donor funds orsubsidies, but rather it is profit driven and reflecting win-win outcomesfor stakeholders. There is a demonstrated positive impact onprofitability or another sufficient motive (incentive) for behaviouralchange.

• Strategy components are assumed to impact the value chain as a whole and not just

individual firms. Examples include: changes in policy, the emergence of business

support services, changes in leverage point in the VC (e.g., the behaviour of large


firms or apex organizations), investment facilitation, new technology introductions

or improved distribution systems for them, new market linkages, etc.

5.4 Proposed Strategy Components under SHFS Programme • Indicate what others (Government of Tanzania, VC actors, donors, NGOs, civil

society) have already done or are currently doing and which gaps this still leaves in

proposed strategy.

• Linked to the strategy components identified above and given the identified gaps,

list and discuss in some detail potential specific activities that could be conducted

by the SHFS Programme (what, who does, cost, who pays, who enforces the rules)taking into account their sustainability and impact (economically but also ongender, food security, other value chains – cross-cutting effects which can benegative as well as positive, etc, .).

Appendix A: List of Key InformantsAppendix B: Detailed Economic Calculations- one appendix for each economic issueAppendix C: Detailed Technical Discussions- one appendix for each technical issueBibliography- use following format: World Bank. 2006. Status of Land Reform and Real PropertyMarkets in Albania”. Tirana Office, Albania.

Further Notes:(1) Collect pictures & other graphics for possible inclusion in report as illustrations.(2) Data handling:- where data are not available or conflicting, they are estimated through triangulation andinternal consistency checks with an indication in footnotes on the assumptions made.“Data not available” should be avoided as much as possible. Triangulation can be based onmultiple secondary data sources, key informant estimations, surveys (at any actor level, atthe consumer level) and researcher estimations. Internal consistency checks can be part ofthe mapping exercise (outflow at one level has to match inflow at the next downstreamlevel, correcting for losses and stock changes). Internal consistency checks can also be partof the national statistics discussion (3) Currency:- monetary values will be expressed in local currency and/or US$, with the exchange rateindicated in a footnote when first used; exchange rates to be taken from WWW .OANDA.COM

for December 31 of the year.(4) Proposed format for the VC map:

http://www.oanda.com




The soya bean study was carried out in parallel with undertaking improvements and modifications1

to an earlier report on the rice value chain as well as with improving and modifying earlier red meat and

white meat value chain studies: parts of this work programme therefore relate to these studies.

Numbers in square brackets indicate actual number of work days.2

ANNEX 2WORK PROGRAMME1

Friday 9 August 2013 Internet searches for and familiarization with relevantdocumentation at Home Base [1]2

Saturday 10 August 2013 Internet searches for and familiarization with relevantdocumentation at Home Base [2]

Sunday 11 August 2013 STANDDOWN

Monday 12 August 2013 Internet searches for and familiarization with relevantdocumentation at Home Base [3]

Tuesday 13 August 2013 Travel by car and air from Home Base to Dar es Salaam [4]

Wednesday 14 August 2013 Introduction to project by CTA, administrative matters at FAO;meetings with senior staff of Crop Promotion Services at Ministryof Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives [5]

Thursday 15 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with Catholic Relief Services andKilombero Plantations Ltd [6]

Friday 16 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with Power Foods Ltd (processors of soyaproducts): meeting with CTA and Korongo Ltd: attempting to obtainDSA [7]

Saturday 17 August 2013 Visits to and meetings with senior supermarket staff on purchaseand sales of rice and soya products [8]


Monday 19 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with personnel Twiga Feeds andInterchick [9]

Tuesday 20 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with Managing Director of HillgroupTanzania and visits to Supermarkets to view stock and prices [10]

Wednesday 21 August 2013 Internet searches on soya beans [11]

Thursday 22 August 2013 Air travel Dar es Salaam > Mbeya (and 2 hours road travel fromhotel in Dar to airport) [12]

Friday 23 August 2013 Meetings with rice traders in Mbeya and Mbarali District; meetingwith soya bean researcher at Uyole ARI Research Station; travel byMbeya > Njombe [13]


Saturday 24 August 2013 Meeting with CARITAS Soya ni Pesa Director, Njombe: Travel byroad Njombe > Kisolanza; informal discussions in Sao Hill with ricemill worker and small traders [14]


Monday 26 August 2013 Visit to and discussions with Silverlands Tanzania, Kisolanza andRutuba Farms Ltd and travel by road Kisolanza > Iringa [15]

Tuesday 27 August 2013 Meeting with Kiboko Animal Feeds and Milers; meetings withvarious participants in rice chain in Iringa and at Pawaga [16]

Wednesday 28 August 2013 Rice survey (mills and retail) in morning: travel by road Iringa>Dodoma [17]

Thursday 29 August 2013 Travel Dodoma > Singida > Babati > Arusha [circuitous route dueto very bad state of direct Cape to Cairo rout between Dodoma andBabati [18]

Friday 30 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with large scale and small scale soya beanprocessors in Arusha [19]

Saturday 31 August 2013 Meetings and discussions with large scale and small scale soya beanprocessors in Arusha [20]

Sunday 1 September 2013 Return travel by air from Arusha > Dar es Salaam [counted asSTANDDOWN]

Monday 2 September 2013 Visit to and discussions with personnel of supermarkets in Dar esSalaam: failed attempt to obtain DSA from bank [21]

Tuesday 3 September 2013 Reading documentation and collating notes: successful attempt toobtain DSA from bank [22]

Wednesday 4 September 2013 Unstructured/casual meetings and discussions with soya and ricetraders, wholesalers and retailers in greater Dar es Salaam: businessmeeting with CTA and national consultants [23]

Thursday 5 September 2013 Further meetings in Dar es Salaam area with individuals, groups andcooperatives [24]

Friday 6 September 2013 Meetings and discussions with soya bean dealers in Dar es Salaamand with staff of IITA [25]

Saturday 7 September 2013 Drafting report components [26]

Sunday 8 September 2013 STANDDOWN

Monday 9 September 2013 Meetings with personnel of Tuboresh Chakula Project and withAgDevCo [27]

Tuesday 10 September 2013 Travel Dar es Salaam > Tanga by road: meetings with rice retailersand supermarkets [28]


Wednesday 11 September 2013 Meetings with rice and soya products retailers and supermarkets:travel Tanga > Dar es Salaam by road [28]

Thursday 12 September 2013 Meeting with Technoserve Ltd; discussions with FAO Res Rep andSHFS CTA [29]

Friday 13 September 2013 Travel by road Dar es Salaam > Morogoro > Dar es Salaam;meetings with Agricultural Seed Agency, International Tanfeeds Ltdand rice millers and retailers in Morogoro [30]

Saturday 14 September 2013 Drafting some components of report [31]


Monday 16 September 2013 Meetings with soya and rice traders in Dar es Salaam and with staffof Ministry of Livestock [32]

Tuesday 17 September 2013 Meetings with rice retailers and export/import traders in Dar esSalaam [33]

Wednesday 18 September 2013 Preparations for writing report [34]

Thursday 19 September 2013 Preparations for writing report [35]

Friday 20 September 2013 Meetings with rice retailers and export/import traders in Dar esSalaam [36]

Saturday 21 September 2013 Drafting report sections [37]


Monday 23 September 2013 Writing report [38]

Tuesday 24 September 2013 Debriefing with CTA: start of travel to home base [39]

Wednesday 25 September 2013 Complete travel to home base [40]

Thursday 26 September 2013 Writing report [41]

Friday 27 September 2013 Writing report [42]

Saturday 28 September 2013 Writing report [43]


Monday 30 September 2013 Writing report [44]

Tuesday 1 October 2013 Writing report [45]

Wednesday 2 October 2013 Writing report [46]

Thursday 3 October 2013 Writing report [47]

Friday 4 October 2013 Writing report [48]


Saturday 5 October 2013 Writing report [49]

Sunday 6 October 2013 STANDDOWN

Monday 7 October 2013 Writing report [50]





Saturday 12 October 2013 Writing report [55]

Sunday 13 October 2013 STANDDOWN

Monday 14 October 2013 Writing report [56]






The soya bean study was carried out in parallel with undertaking improvements and1

modifications to an earlier report on the rice value chain as well as with improving and modifying earlier red

meat and white meat value chain studies: some of the people met and listed here were in connection with

these studies.

ANNEX 3STAKEHOLDERS MET1

FAO Resident Representative

Joan Kimirei: National Consultant, SHFSP, FAO. [email protected] 0767 250 895/0688 078 481

Ferdinand Mgaya: National Consultant, SHFSP, FAO 0767 100 537/0764 933 665

Rita Singh: Director, Global Food Security & Development Partnerships, Monsanto CompanyCorporate Affairs, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, A2N, St Louis, Missouri 63167, [email protected] +1 314 694 3535, +1 314 694 3535

Beatus Malema: Acting Director, Crop Development Department/Assistant Director, Crop Promotion

Service, MAFC. [email protected] 0754 608 806

Carter Coleman: Chief Executive Officer, Kilombero Plantations Ltd, Kilombero Plantations Ltd 158 Msasani Road Dar es Salaam [email protected] 0784 154 617, +255 22 260 0036

Ruth Junkin: Head of Programs, Catholic Relief Services, Plot No 144, Migombani Street, RegentEstate, Mikocheni, PO Box 34701, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0767 840 156, + 255 22 2773141/4273

Amsalu Gebreselassie: Soya ni Pesa Project Director, Head of Programs, Catholic Relief Services,Plot No 144, Migombani Street, Regent Estate, Mikocheni, PO Box 34701, Dar es [email protected] 0762 748 311, + 255 22 277 3141/4273

Anna J H Temu: Managing Director, Power Flour Ltd, Kawe, Old Bagamoyo Road, PO Box 23437,Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0754 274 129, +255 22 240 1442

Emmanuel John: Quality Control Officer, Power Flour Ltd, Kawe, Old Bagamoyo Road, PO Box23437, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0757 940 724, +255 22 240 1442

Jeffrey Lewis: Managing Director, Korongo Ltd, Dar es Salaam. [email protected]

Anwar Shrijee: Manager, Shrijee Supermarket, Oyster Bay, Dar es Salaam

David Micklem: Managing Director, Interchick/Tanbreed Poultry Limited, PO Box 1378, [email protected] 0782 161 506

Hillary Shoo: Managing Director, Hill Packaging/Saliba Pellet Co Ltd/Hill Animal Feeds, PO Box11815, Hill Industries Complex, Mapinga, Bagamaoyo. [email protected]@gmail.com 0784 617 565/0732 921 249

Raphael S Ndelwa: Managing Director, Raphael Group Ltd, PO Box 1510, Uyole Area Junction Mal-Zambia Highway, Mbeya. 0784 409 340/0767 409 340/0715 409 340

Peter D Megulah: Production Manager, Raphael Group Ltd, PO Box 1510, Uyole Area Junction Mal-Zambia Highway, Mbeya. 0735 767 187/0782 767 187/0655 767 187

mailto:[email protected]








Benjamin E G Kiwovele: Acting Zonal Research Coordinator, Southern Highlands Zone, AgriculturalResearch Institute - Uyole, PO Box 400, Mbeya. 0784 586 613/0767 585 613

Catherine S Madata: Research Officer (Legumes), Southern Highlands Zone, Agricultural ResearchInstitute - Uyole, POBox 400, Mbeya. 0754 553 266

Robert Andachuka: Owner, Andachuka Rice Mill, Rujewa, Mabarali

Mafuta Mualakas: Manager, Andachuka Rice Mill, Rujewa, Mabarali

Seki Kiwanga: Rice Trader, Usangu Plains, Rujewa, Mbarali

Sala Israel: Rice Trader, Usangu Plains, Rujewa, Mbarali

Lenni Kasoga: Rice Trader, Usangu Plains, Rujewa, Mbarali

Father Nestor Mtevwe: NDO/CARITAS Director, Roman Catholic Diocese of Njombe, PO Box 54,Njombe. [email protected] 0755 219 750/0713 813 241

Callistu Nyilawila: CARITAS (Catholic Relief Services) Coordinator, Roman Catholic Diocese ofNjombe. [email protected] 0767 810 153

Serapia Mhanje: CARITAS (Catholic Relief Services) Accountant, Roman Catholic Diocese ofNjombe. [email protected] 0755 754 076

Steve Steenkamp: Director, Silverlands Tanzania Limited, PO Box 908, Makota Farm, [email protected] 0753 484 223

Rick Ghaui: Partner, Jilanjo Ltd, Kisolanza. [email protected] 0754 295 514

Pascal Malisa: Manager, Sao Hill Agriculture. 0754 963 515

Robin Ulyate: Partner, Rutuba Ltd, Iringa. [email protected] 0755 400 960

Otto Ulyate: Partner, Rutuba Ltd, Iringa. [email protected] 0784 262 457

Janet Ulyate: Prtner, Rutuba Ltd, Iringa. [email protected]

Tumpe Mwakuka: Small rice trader, Sao Hill

Rosie Kabonga: Smll rice trader, Sao Hill

Peter Masonga: Manager, Haneze Enterprises (Rice Milling), Sao Hill 0764 792 260

Francesca Tonga: Small rice trader, Sao Hill

Rajan Marwaha: Chief Executive Officer, Kiboko Animal Feed and Millers, PO Box 333, [email protected] 0783 767 767/0754 767 767

Martin Mwingi: Small scale rice traders, Pawaga-Iringa.

Samwuel Nyuba: Medium scale rice trader, Iringa-Dar es Salaam

Yusuf A Ng’amitu: Secretary, Umoja wa Kilimo cha Umwagiliati Luganga Pawaga (UKULUPA)








Zawasi Msigwa: Committee Member, Umoja wa Kilimo cha Umwagiliati Luganga Pawaga(UKULUPA)

Adela Mpulubu: Committee Member, Umoja wa Kilimo cha Umwagiliati Luganga Pawaga(UKULUPA)

Four other Committee Members, Umoja wa Kilimo cha Umwagiliati Luganga Pawaga (UKULUPA)

Fred Kalolo: Rice retailer, Iringa

Ali Saidi Mtaki: Rice dealer (mill > urban semiwholesaler)

Aly M Khaldi: Revenue collector (produce cess), Iringa Municipality

Gyan Patak: Assistant Financial Controller, Jamahedo Health Foods Company Ltd, P O Box 11740,Themi Industrial Area, Njiro, Arusha. [email protected] 0782 748 960

Mary Yohanna: Production Manager, Jamhedo Health Foods Company Ltd, P O Box 11740, ThemiIndustrial Area, Njiro, Arusha.

Arvind Mittal: Chief Executive Officer, Mount Meru Group Ltd, PO Box 7094, [email protected] 0784 400 440

Atul Mittal: Group Executive Director, Mount Meru Group Ltd, PO Box 7094, [email protected] 0784 400 400

Victor Mittal: Executive Assistant, Mount Meru Group Ltd, PO Box 7094, [email protected]

Simon Kuria: Production Manager, Mount Meru Group Ltd, PO Box 7094, [email protected] 0718 912 226

Ester Daniel Nassary: Director, Joshua Products, PO Box 1039, Sekei Area, [email protected] 715 494 527/0754 015 011/0754 494 527

Sara William Kassy: Owner, Afri-Youth Pride/Halisi, PO Box 714, Njiro, Viwanja vya Nane-Nane,Arusha. [email protected] [email protected] 0754 300 748/0784 300 748

Bob Shuma: Managing Director, Tanzania Seed Traders Association, PO Box 15216, Haile SelassieRoad, Arusha. [email protected] 027 254 8054

Juma S Dikwe: Chairman, Tandale Market Grain Sellers Association and Investment (TAMAGASI),PO Box 67548, Tandale Sokoni, Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0787 489 638

Nassoro Rashidi Madufu: Economist, Tandale Market Grain Sellers Association and Investment(TAMAGASI), PO Box 67548, Tandale Sokoni, Kinondoni, Dar es [email protected] 0787 077 847

Mohammed Hamisi: Partner, Tandale Store, Tandale Sokoni (soya and other grain dealers)

Camillius Mwema: Employee, Mumgrema Store, Tandale Sokoni (soya and other grain dealers)

Abdul Kabeke: Shopkeeper, Rice and other dry goods store, Tandale Sokoni





Mwendai Mbukuzi: Tatibu was Soko (Market Chairman), Tandale Market Committee

Tony S Lovell: Advisor, CP Thailand (by e-mail), [email protected]

Kaleb Kabezi: Director, Kalmon Enterprises, Dar es Salaam.

Monica Kabezi: Director, Kalmon Enterprises, Dar es Salaam. 0713 254 942

Victor Manyong: Director – Eastern Africa Hub, International Institute for Tropical Africa, PO Box34441, Plot No 25 Mwenge Coca Cola Road, Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0754785 125

Harun Muthuri Murithi: Associate Professional Officer (Plant Pathology), Eastern Africa Hub,International Institute for Tropical Africa, PO Box 34441, Plot No 25 Mwenge Coca Cola Road,Mikocheni, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0776 000 704

Joel Strauss: M&E Unit, Tuboreshe Chakula Project, PO Box 105936, Plot 14 Mkwama Road, OysterBay, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0754 623 522/0786 623 522

Peter MacSporran: Director, Commercial Agriculture, 74 Independence Avenue, Lusaka, [email protected] 0260 (0)966 860 538

John Anthoni: Owner, Retail rice selling business, Tanga. 0784 141 001

Muhidini Juma: Owner, Retail rice selling business, Tanga. 0657 512 580

Fatima Abdalla: Owner, Smart Supermarket, Tanga

William Jonas: Owner, Retail rice selling business, Tanga. 0764 214 561

Devika Patel: Owner, Delhi Supermarket, Tanga. 0713 345 729

Petros Kamili: Owner, Retail rice selling business, Tanga. 0776 536 427

Rebecca Savoie: Country Director, Technoserve, PO Box 78374, Coco Plaza, 254 Touré Drive,Oyster Bay, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0689 121 558

F P Lekule: Managing Director, International Tanfeeds Ltd, Morogoro // Professor of AnimalProduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture. [email protected]@yahoo.com 0754 690 023/0715 690 023

Emmanuel Alfons: Accountant, International Tanfeeds Ltd, Morogoro. Tanfeeds@yahoo. com 0659962 627

Philemon M Kawamala: Marketing and Distribution Manager (Acting CEO): Agricultural SeedAgency, PO Box 364, Plot No 50, Magodoro Street, Morogoro. [email protected]@yahoo.co.uk 0713 220 763

Amari Abdallah Ndaija: Owner, Sido Rice illing Machine, Morogoro

Momedi Abdallah Ndaija: Owner, Sido Rice illing Machine, Morogoro

Two other rice milling machines in Morogoro












Sufian Z Kyarua: Technical Director, Falcon Animal Feeds Ltd, Dar es [email protected] 0754 396 634/0655 396 634

Nassor A Nassor: Administrative Manager, Falcon Animal Feeds Lts., Dar es Salaam,[email protected] 0777 439 823/0716 377 888

Nadia Paschetta: Business Development Manager Smallholder Capacity Building and AgribusinessDevelopment, Export Trading Group, PO Box 10295, 9th Foor Harbour View Towers, SamoraAvenue, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0785 831 857

Kasi Giduturi: Head of Procurement, Export Trading Group, PO Box 10295, 9th Floor Harbour ViewTowers, Samor Avenue, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0684 221 299

Harko Bhargat: Chief Executive Officer, Bahari Bounty, PO Box 3978, 59 Mikocheni Light IndustrialArea, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0784 780 633

Ramesh Chauhan: General Manager, Bahari Bounty, PO Box 3978, 59 Mikocheni Light IndustrialArea, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0787 900 692

Mohamed Bahari: Director, Training and Extension Department, Ministry of Livestock and FisheriesDevelopment, PO Box 9152, Temeke, Dar es Salaam

P Z Njau: Assistant Director, TADC & ZIS, PO Box 9152, Temeke Veterinary, Temeke, Dar esSalaam. [email protected] 0754 263 013

Gulam Dewji: Chairman, Mohammed Enterprises Tanzania Limited, PO Box 20660, 20th Floor,Golden Jubilee Towers, Ohio Street, Dar es Salaam. [email protected] 0754 600 000

Mohamed Selim: Chairman, Umoja wa Wafanyabiashara wa Sokoni la Kisutu (UWASOKI), KisutuMarket, Dar es Salaam. 0713 802 806 (and rice and other dry goods retailer)

Irene Elias Samwueli: Dry goods retailer, Kisutu Market Dar es Salaam

The following people were met during the course of the Red Meat Study and/or the White MeatStudy and have relevance to the Soya Bean Study

Martin E Kimanya: Manager, Food Registration Department, Tanzania Foods and Drugs [email protected], [email protected]; 0744317 687

Monsiapile Kajimbwa: Portfolio Coordinator, SNV Morogoro. [email protected], 0786 341368

Silvanus Mruma. Advisor (Private Sector Development), SNV, Morogoro. [email protected],0755 744 327

Salim Said: General Manager, Energy Milling Co Ltd., Sumbawanga. 0767 198 537

Benjamin Mazigo: Manager, SME Lending and Leasing, Tanzania Investment Bank [email protected], 0784 543 066

Joan Murusuri: Relationship Manager, Tanzania Investment Bank Ltd. [email protected], 0784505 444

mailto:[email protected].








mailto:[email protected],

mailto:[email protected];






Adelitha Kibuga: Senior Officer, Agriculture Window Unit, Tanzania Investment Bank [email protected], 0784 458 234

Robert Pascal: Head Agribusiness, National Microfinance Bank. [email protected]. 0754298 639

Andrew K Karumuna: Barcode Executive, GS1 (TZ) National Limited. [email protected], 0685 620116

Judith E Sanga: Office Manager, GS1 (TZ) National Limited. [email protected], )779 62116

Said M Sood: Managing Director, Energy Millers and Animal Feeds, Morogoro Road, Kibaha.0783 888 888

Gren J Moshi: Administrative Director (and co-owner), Twiga Feeds Limited. 0713 223 126/0767 223127


mailto:[email protected].




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ANNEX 5TIMELINES – THE RISE AND FALL OF A MINOR PROTEIN/OILSEED CROP, 1907-

2013

Date Event Source Notes

1907 First cultivated in German East Africa Seed source unknown: this

statement quoted ad

nauseam but no original

reference found

1909 Introductions from USA Greenway 1945 Author worked at Amani at

this time

1911 Further introductions from China, Japan and

South Africa

Greenway 1945

1912 Experiments at Amani on effects of nodulation

and fertilization on yields

Eichenger 1912 Eight varieties (7 Japan, 1

China) tested – probably

those in Greenway 1945: two

earlier papers from

Biologisch Landwirt-

schaftlichen Institut Amani

do not indicate presence in

German East Africa

pre-

1918

“Masasi and Nachingwea districts in Mtwara

Region is one of the areas where soybean was

introduced in Tanzania during German

colonial time”

MAC 2010 No reference for this

statement provide and this

information not found

anywhere else to this

1938 +

1939

64 cultivars brought to Amani: from India,

South Africa and USA and many American

and Far Eastern cultivars via Rwanda

Auckland 1970

1939-

1947

Reasonable production from Bukoba region Auckland 1970

1939-

1947

British tried to grow soybean in the West Lake

Region but efforts were in vain and yields

were terribly low due to poor varieties

Mmbaga 1975 Presumably refers to same

time and areas as previous

reference

1950 “Hernon 237" introduced from Rhodesia to

replace “Dixie” variety

Auckland 1970 Brought to Nachingwea by

OFC (The Groundnut

Scheme) which had 6000

acres under soya in 1963

1956-

1963

Breeding and variety trials at Nachingwea Auckland 1966, 1967, 1970 New adapted varieties

included IH/192

(“Tanzania’s standard line”),

3H/1, 3H/101, 7H/149/1:

Hernon 237 x Light

Speckled, Hernon 237 x

R184 and Benares x Light

Speckled produced highest-

yielding and most

agronomically desirable

strains: over 5-year period

HLS [Hernon Light

Speckled] 219 out yielded

parents Hernon 237 by 40%

and Light Speckled by 37%



1958-

1982

Agronomic and plant health studies TAC 1958; DOA 1962;

Robertson 1969; Uriyo 1974;

Sachansky 1976, 1977;

Chowdhury 1977; Jana

1980; Ayiseni 1982;

Chowdury and Dotto 1982;

Pulver et al 1982; Kang 1983

Nachingwea, Kilosa and

elsewhere

1967 Most of Tanzania crop sold to Far Eastern

countries

FAO 1967

1967 23 Tanzania soya varieties in comparative

tests in Senegal; some later distributed to other

West African countries

Larcher 1980; Larcher and

Volper 1988

1971 USAID and Tanzania Government US $14.9

million seed multiplication project “to

increase Tanzanian food production”

Soybean Digest January

1971

Tanzania produces only 500

bushels but can produce 3

million bushels: needs 21

million bushels yearly to

supply oil and protein needs,

balance to be imported

1972 Tanzania production 4000 tonnes in 1970 IRAT 1972 Increase from 3000 tonnes in

1960-1964

1973 Government and UNICEF pilot project in

villages to produce full fat soya flour

Holm et al 1973

1974 “results suggest that soya beans, with higher

lysine content than groundnuts, are a potential

source of protein supplement to cereal diets.”

Mtenga and Sugiyama 1974 Soya higher “protein score”

than pigeon pea, kidney

bean, cowpea and groundnut

1975 Soya flour used in porridge ratio of 1:3 with

maize flour: breads of 10% soy and 90%

wheat flour common especially in Morogoro

region: porridge and soya milk used

extensively in school feeding programmes and

acceptability very high

Mmbaga 1975

1975 About 1800 acres sown in trials as intercrop

for small farmers and 2000 acres sown in a

peanut area: Japanese seeking rights to grow

soybeans for export to Japan

Freckman 1975 Peanut area possibly refers to

Nachingwea in which case

very out of date

1975-

1977

Soya beans tested in Tanzania as part of wide

scale international variety testing

Whigham and Judy 1978;

Judy and Whigham 1978;

Judy and Hill 1979



1976 776 tonnes national production: in early 1960s

enrichment of sembe (60% locally extracted

maize flour) and fortification of other staples

with high protein sources (soy and groundnut

flour) advocated: preliminary trials to feed

maize-soy mixtures to adults and children in

educational institutions showed 5% soy could

be added undetected to ‘uji’ and ‘ugali’;

systematic development by Min of Ag in late

1960s -- maize and sorghum flour with up to

25% soy flour acceptable in child-feeding

trials: village soy processing project using

hand-operated processors to produce full fat

flour, soy milk and curd started and products

incorporated into staples that were very well

accepted: project hampered because of heavy

labour input of hand operated equipment

Mosha 1976

1976 EAIRO and USAID evaluating Brady Crop

Cooker (Extruder) with maize, soya, sorghum

and sesame to produce weaning foods, bread

fortifiers, enriched flours and nutritious snacks

with flavouring: foods well accepted in East

Africa.

Acer 1976

1977 750 ha soya on a parastatal and prison farm

around Nachingwea: plans to expand large

scale mechanized production to 8000 ha over

5 years and construct oil mill to process

soybeans, sesame and groundnuts: soybeans

appear promising cash crop for ‘ujamaa’

villages

Brockman 1977 Part of National Grain

Legume Research

Programme that became

operational in 1974/1975

1978 Tanzania soya varieties tested in comparative

trial for germination quality in Puerto Rico

Paschal and Ellis 1978

1978 ‘lishe’ first tested (70% maize, 25% soya, 5%

nonfat dry milk (minerals and vitamins added

at 2.7% and 0.1%)

Jansen and Harper 1979;

Kepakepa 1979; Wilson

1979; Lucas 1981, Judson

and Jansen 1985

Earliest commercial soya

product made in Tanzania:

572 tonnes in 1978

1980 Soya uses in food crops research programme

by IITA

IITA 1981

1981 Unsuccessful soya trials by Tanganyika Wattle

Co Ltd west of Njombe

Anecdotal evidence

1985 Tanzania variety Hernon 237 one of only 10

out of 400 worldwide varieties shown to be

promiscuous Nodulation

Pulver et al 1985 Promiscuous here means

able to make use of rhizobia

from other species

198? Soya processing project initiated in Njombe Fuguitt 1988, 1991

1997-

2000

Seeds of four soya lines given to National

Research Institutes by AVRDC for further

evaluation and future release

Chadha and Oluoch 2001

2012 “Soya ni pesa” project started by CRS with

USDA funding

CRS Dar es Salaam personal

communication



ANNEX 6ITEMS CONTAINING SOYA OR SOYA PRODUCTS IMPORTED INTO TANZANIA

Soya is bad or good=====================

(from the anti-soya website – Subtract Soy Now)

Soy is a top 8 allergen*

Food manufacturers put soy in more than 60% of processed foods

Soy is in nearly 75% of products on supermarket shelves

Soy is in nearly 100% of fast food

Genetically modified (GM) soy is grown on 91% of US soybean fields

* The other 7 are: milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts (almonds, cashew, walnuts), fish (bass, cod,flounder), shellfish (crab, lobster, shrimp), wheat

========================(from a pro-soya website – Fishman, Harvey M. 2002 Soybean oil has a range of uses in

cosmetics. (Gleams The Free Library (May, 1), http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Soybean oil hasa range of uses in cosmetics. (Gleams & Notions).-a088824028 (accessed September 28 2013))

Soybean oil, also called soya bean oil and soy oil, is used in many industries,

including soap making, food, paints and varnishes, inks, adhesives and, of

course, cosmetics

Soy Has Many Cosmetic Uses

Derivative Function

Soyamine emulsifier

Soy amino acids skin and hair conditioner

Soybean protein botanical anti-aging

Soybean sterol absorption base

Hydrolyzed soy protein skin and hair conditioner

Soybean oil emollient, moisturizer

Soya fatty acids emollient, emulsifier


Mayonnaise, creamy wheat andWorcestershire sauce from the USA(presumably USA soya beans)


Imports from the Gulf States: Whole beans from Dubai, an international brand of mayonnaisefrom the Sultanate of Oman (above) and margarine containing soya lecithin from Dubai (below

left) (provenance of soya products not stated on labels and unknown)

A well known brand of and fat spread (“margarine”)from Kenya (right) (beans possibly from Kenya


Peanut butter from the USA with vitamins and Omega-3(peanuts presumably from the USA)Why cannot peanut butter just be peanuts, like everywhere else?


Baby food from South Africa andfamily porridge from Kenya

(provenance of beans presumably fromrespective countries)


Soya drinks and soya milk(above: outer -- British companybut made in Germany, inner --British company made in Britain[soya grown in Europe], middleMalaysian company [soya sourceunknown])

(right: varieties of soya drink (UKcompany manufactured inGermany [European soya beans])

Soya milkwithvitaminsandchocolateflavour(made inThailand[beans of unknownprovenance])


[A selection of soy sauces from China, Japan, Philippines,Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore on a supermarket shelves inDar es Salaam.

YThe ubiquitousAmerican Gardenand its soy sauce(USA, beans fromUSA)

ZTeriyaki marinadeand sauce fromJapan


Granola bars (with soya flour and soya lecithin) from the USA (soya presumably of US origin)

Peanut (Ground nut) bars (with soya flour and soya lecithin) from the USA (soya presumably ofUS origin)


Chocolate fudge (less than 2 per cent soya lecithin) from the USA(soya presumably from USA

Toblerone (Switzerland) and Bounty bars (USA) at the Duty FreeShop, Dar es Salaam International Airport

Various chocolates possibly manufacturedin the United Kingdom with soya of variousprovenance at Dar es Salaam InternationalAirport (Bournville and Cadbury chocolateinclude Fair Trade cocoa)


Soya snack and energy drink from Malawi (from Malawi soya beans)

Soya chunks from Kenya (probably Kenyasoya beans)


Cosmetic cream givingprominence to soya: manufacturedin Poland for British internationalcompany



ANNEX 7PARTIAL LIST OF SOYA BEAN PROCESSORS AND PRODUCTS IN TANZANIA

Location Company Contacts Products and notes

DAR ESSALAAM

Power Foods(Power Flour)

Power Flour Ltd, Kawe, OldBagamoyo Road, PO Box23437, Dar es Salaam:[email protected],0754 274 129

Broad range of products including bread: See followingillustrations

KalmonEnterprises(IlatangaSupplies)

Monica Kabezi: 0713 254942

Essentially wholesaler supplying whole pre-packed beansto supermarkets

Tandale Store Tandale Sokoni Whole (bulk) soya beans and decorticated split beans

Shrijee’sSupermarket

Whole (repacked to 1 kg) soya beans

ShoppersSupermarket

PO Box 105383, ShoppersPlaza, Dar es Salaam:[email protected], 022270 1545

Whole (bulk) soya beans

Solile Grain Mill PO Box 60435, Dar esSalaam: 0654 140 894

“Flour best for both elders and children, expectant andlactating mothers” (rice, maize, finger millet, groundnutsand soya beans)

Mama NorahEnterprises

PO Box 95650, Dar esSalaam: 0713 610 510

Fortified mixed grain flour: but no longer processingsoya, 3 September 2013

CRM InvestmentsLtd

0713 414 047 Nutritious flour (maize, millet, cassava, groundnuts,soya); main business sunflower oil; no bar code

Matabe Group Ltd

PO Box 105496, Dar esSalaam: 0787 890 262

Bora nutritious flour (finger millet, maize, millet[sorghum?], rice, barley [wheat?], grain amaranth, rosella,soya beans, groundnuts) (English translation ofingredients is incorrect); no bar code

Ssoy GeneralTraders

PO Box 32302, Dar esSalaam:[email protected] 0713353 776

Uji mtamu (finger millet, wheat, maize, soya protein,vitamins, essential minerals)

Besa FoodSupply

[email protected], 0766 009 006

Lishe (unga) “good for children, old people, the sick,mothers, the overweight, schoolchildren and indeedeverybody” (finger millet, groundnut, soya, rice,decorticated maize, wheat): no bar code

J.J. Enterprises Madibo, Dar es Salaam:0713 484 294

Unga bora wa lishe (finger millet, groundnut, sorghum,wheat, rice, millet, maize, soya (roasted): no bar code butregister with GS1 TZ

Jean’s Foods No information

Afco Investment PO Box 7656, Dar esSalaam:[email protected],0755 691 390

Soy drink powder and soy-ginger drink powder: no barcode

Total of 58 small scale processors identified in 2005 in functionalfoods and nutraceuticals

Interchick PO Box 1378, Morogoro:[email protected],0782 161 506

Soya meal (imported from Zambia during 2013) isprogressively replacing ‘dagaa’ as the main protein sourcein the company’s own feeds produced for its own use









Hill AnimalFeeds

PO Box 11815, HillIndustries Complex,Mapinga, Bagamaoyo:[email protected], [email protected],0784 617 565/0732 921 249

Soya meal (imported from Zambia and India I 2013) isprogressively replacing ‘dagaa’ as the main protein sourcein the company’s own feeds produced for wholesale andretail sale

For other possible processors see list ofAnimal Feed Manufacturers in Annex 8

ARUSHA Mount MeruGroup

PO Box 7094, Arusha:[email protected],0784 400 400

Not yet using in soya in Tanzania but large operation inUganda (including contract farming) and exports soyameal to Tanzania (Mwanza)

Jamahedu HealthFoods Co Ltd

PO Box 11740, Arusha: 027250 9649

Fortified flour and soya-corn drink powder as non-caffeinsubstitute for coffee

Afrotech ShibeProducts

PO Box 614, Arusha: 0752076 720

Fortified flour: no bar code

Afri-YouthDevelopmentServices (Halisi)

PO Box 17, Arusha:[email protected],0754 300 748

Lishe bora ya uji (fortified flour for porridge) (fingermillet, maize, rice, groundnuts, wheat, soya); soya meal

Joshua Products PO Box 10390, Arusha:[email protected],0754 015 011

Fortified flour, soya drink, soya meal: no bar code (but incourse of registration in September 2013)

MOSHI Roselyn NaturalFoods

PO Box 1103 Moshi:[email protected];0784 787 846, 0773 983535, 0787 787 846, 0715787 846

Uji Lulu (baby food)

MOROGORO InternationalTanFeeds Ltd

[email protected] 0754690 023/0715

Soya oil and soya cake for animal feed

IRINGA Kiboko AnimalFeeds

PO Box 333 Iringa:[email protected], 0712 604888

Not using soya in September 2013 but switching businessemphasis to baking and plans to fortify bread and cakes infuture

NJOMBE MatwembeVillage Company

John Kamonga: 0754 578658

Failed to turn up for arranged meeting

MWANZA Vegetable OilIndustries Ltd

PO Box 211, 123 NyerereRoad, Mwanza

Soya lecithin in margarine

Bahari Bounty PO Box 3968, Dar esSalaam:[email protected],0784 780 633

Buys soya meal in Mwanza imported from Uganda byMount Meru Millers for use in own mix feeds for poultryenterprise

DODOMA Ma-tabitha(Mama LemaGodson Chanel)

PO Box 10351984, [email protected] 0755389 384

Nutritious flour (but not yet using soya in September2013)





Power flourpublicity and rangeof products


Ilatanga Supplies: whole beans cleanedand repacked from bulk on sale atShoppers Supermarket, Dar es Salaam(local beans from Songea)

Left below and below: whole soya beansand decorticated split (kibbled) beans atTandale Store, Dar es Salaam (localbeans from Songea)

Whole soya beans in Dar es Salaam Supermarkets: Shrijee’s prepacked in 1 kg bags and ShoppersSupermarket loose in dry goods area (provenance of beans unknown but Shrijee’s probably importedand Shoppers possibly local) (the price difference is noteworthy)


Finger millet mix (rice, maize, finger millet,groundnuts and soya beans) of Solile GrainMill, Dar es Salaam on sale in a smallsupermarket in Tanga) and Mama Norahfortified flour (millet, maize, groundnut, rice,soya) in Tom’s Supermarket, Mbezi, Dar esSalaam (Tanzania soya beans)

Nutritious flour from Matebe Group, Dar esSalaam (right) and more nutritious flour fromCRM Investment Limited (below), both on saleat Tom’s Supermarket, Mbezi (soya beans oflocal provenance)


Fortified flour (finger millet, wheat, maize, soya protein, vitamins, essentialminerals) from Ssoy General Traders, Dar es Salaam (soya beans of localprovenance)

Fortified flour from Besa Foods, Dar esSalaam “good for children, old people, the sick,mothers, the overweight, schoolchildrenand indeed everybody” (finger millet,groundnut, soya, rice, decorticated maize,wheat): no bar code

Unga bora wa lishe from J.J. Enterprises on saleat the Kisutu market, Dar es Salaam (fingermillet, groundnut, sorghum, wheat, rice, millet,maize, soya (roasted): no bar code


Soya drink and soya-ginger drink powder by AFCO Investment, Dar es Salaam (probably fromTanzania soya beans): no bar code


Fortified flour(above) fromJamaheduHealth Foods,Arusha: millet,soya, maize,wheat,groundnuts,finger millet,vitamins(local soya)

Coffee substitute drink(left) fromJamaheduHealth Foodsin Arusha(local soya beans)


Fortified mixed flour fromAfro-Tech Shibe Products in Arusha(finger millet, maize, rice, groundnuts, wheat,soya):poor packaging and no bar code(local soya beans)


Boiling, mixing and packaging technology at Afro-Youth Development Services in Arusha

Porridge flour (note wrong spelling) in old packingwith old name (left) and in new packing (made inChina) with new name (below (soya beans grown inBabati)


Pack (printed in Nairobi) for fortifiedflour, the technology of pack sealing anda range of products manufactured byJoshua products in a house garage inArusha (soya bens from Songea area)


Fortified baby foods from Roselyne Natural Foods, Moshi (local soya beans)

Margarine manufacturedby Vegetable Oil

Industries Ltd, Mwanzacontaining soya lecithin

(soya almost certainlyimported)


ANNEX 8POULTRY FEED MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN TANZANIA



ANNEX 9SOME ACTIVITIES OF THE SOYA NI PESA PROJECT IN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC

DIOCESE OF NJOMBE





ANNEX 10INTERNATIONAL FUNDING OBTAINED BY TANFEEDS OF MOROGORO

International TanFeeds Ltd. is a private commercial registered company based in Morogoro, TanzaniaIts Managing Director (the effective owner) is Professor of Animal Production at Sokoine Universityof Agriculture. Perhaps because of this it produces a range of animal feeds that contain ingredientsthat are not commonly incorporated int o animal feeds bu other manufacturers in the country. Thecompany is investing in the feed industry by introducing the latest technology as applied in Europeand other developed countries to Tanzania. Innovations will include producing pelleted feed (notalone in the expansion plans of feed manufacturers in Tanzania but a new departure nonetheless) inaddition to the regular meals and the use of soya expeller cake in feed rations (see Box 2 in main textfor additional details).

Tanfeeds has been successful in obtaining large amounts of funding either as grants or as loans fromtwo international agencies.

The United States African Development Foundation is an independent Federal agency established tosupport African-designed and African-driven solutions that address grassroots economic and socialproblems in conflict and post-conflict communities. USADF provides grants of up to US$ 250 000directly to marginalized community groups and enterprises in Africa. These grants help organizationscreate and sustain jobs, improve income levels, and address social development needs. InternationalTan Feeds Ltd is the recipient of one such grant, Number 2045, amounting to US$ 246 146 with astart date of September 2009 and a finishing date of September 2013. The funds are to be used toconstruct a processing factory, purchase a truck, establish a revolving loan fund and establishsmallholder supply contracts. For fuller details of activities and budget see the following four pagesof “Appendix A” and the fifth of “Appendix A-1".

The Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF) provides grants and interest free loans to businessesthat wish to implement innovative, commercial viable, high impact projects in Africa. AECF is aUS$ 205 million private sector fund that is backed by some of the biggest names in developmentfinance and hosted by the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). Its aim is to encourageprivate sector companies to compete for investment support for new and innovative business ideas.The Fund is open to proposals from any country in the world as long as the project implementationwill be in a specified county or countries in Africa. AGRA is an alliance jointly created in 2006 byThe Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation aimed at improving agriculturalproductivity and the well being of smallholder farmer throughout subSaharan Africa. AGRA isregistered as a non-profit entity in the United States but operates from Nairobi where it is registeredas a branch of a foreign corporate entity. AECF is a special partnership initiative of AGRA thatsupports AGRA's mission. The Board of AGRA provides the governance structure for AECF and isresponsible to AECF's donors. In practice, however, AECF operates as an independent fund reportingto its own Investment Committee which in turn reports to a Governing Council made up of its donorfunders and ultimately AGRA's Board. AECF is currently funded by The Australian Government AidProgram, Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), the UK Department for InternationalDevelopment (DFID), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the NetherlandsMinistry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA) and the Swedish International Development CooperationAgency (SIDA). Others donors may join in the future. International Tanfeeds is benefiting from atotal of US$ 900 000 in funds though AECF as a US$ 100 000 Repayable Grant (loan), US$ 200 000Grant and US$ 600 000 in matching funds from BLGG (BLGG Research from the Netherlands aimsto contribute to sustainable agricultural production by developing systems for soil and crop qualityassessment and recommendations).


Support from the United States African Development Foundation






Support from The Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF)

AECF Funded ProjectIntegrating Livestock Feed Production with Poultry Breeding

AECF Funding WindowRound 3

AECF InvestmentUS$ 100,000 Repayable GrantUS$ 200,000 Amount of GrantUS$ 600,000 BLGG’s matching funds Total AECF Funding: USD$ 300,000

Project DurationJanuary 2012 - December 2017

Project SectorAgri-Business

Project descriptionInternational TanFeeds Ltd. is a private commercial registered company based in Morogoro, Tanzaniathat was established in 2008. TanFeeds is investing in the feed industry by introducing the latesttechnology applicable in Europe and other developed countries to Tanzania. This will be achievedthrough a combination of pelleting feed and soya extrusion for inclusion in feed rations.

The company will produce animal feed by adding value to crops and by-products and by convertingthem into valuable animal feed.

The following raw materials will be purchased: cereals like maize, sorghum, sardines ( fish meal),soya, and byproducts like oilcakes, maize bran, rice bran, wheat by-products (wheat bran, pollard).These are combined with other purchased inputs like minerals, vitamins and synthetic amino acidsto form a balanced diet for livestock after milling and mixing into required proportions depending onthe type of animal before they are packed and sold.

Extruded pellets are the norm in more advanced economies but would be a first in TZ, where feedsare formulated as a meal.

This will be achieved by:Producing high quality animal feed and promoting efficient livestock production through pelletingtechnology and soya extrusion which is a new technology in our country.Creating employment through the value chain to both contracted farmers and non-contracted whosupply crops and by products to the company.Establishing a framework for infrastructure of farmers’ access to markets for soya and poultry farmersalong the value chain of animal feed industry.

The Project is suitable for AECF funding becausePelletised feed would be a new technology, sure to be replicated.

Progress to DateThe project has recently been funded and is yet to progress.


Documents

Tanzania - tzdpg.or.tz · order to convince the government to modify its price reporting methodology. ... preparation prior to printing / publication. 3) ... comparison with European