tanzania tractor repair

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Institut für Landtechnik

der Technischen Universität München

REPAIR COSTS OF TRACTORS AND COMPARiSON OF MECHANIZATION

STRATEGIES UNDER TANZANIAN CONDITIONS

Sylvester Michael Mpanduji

Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau der

Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines

Doktors der Agrarwissenschaften

genehmigten Dissertation,

Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prot. Dr, H, Auernhammer

Prüfer der Dissertation:

1, Univ-Prot. Dr.

nr.

h.c. AE Keszthely

J,

Schön

2, Untv rof  » p, Wagner

Die Dissertation wurde am 28,06,2000 bei der Technischen Universität München

eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau am 18,07,2000

angenommen

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Die vorl iegende Arbeit wurde gedruckt Unterstützung

Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes

Copyright 2000 by Landtechnik Weihenstephan

ISSN 0931 6264

Alle Rechte auch die der Übersetzung und des Nachdrucks sowie jede Art der

photomechanischen Wiedergabe auch auszugsweise bleiben vorbehalten.

Selbstverlag im Eigenvertrieb:

Institut

Landtechnik Weihenstephan

Vöttinger Straße 36

85356 Freising

Deutschland

Druck und Einband Hieronymus Buchreproduktions GmbH München

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  KNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was carried out under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. AE Keszthely)

H. Schön, Professor at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering of the Technical

University of Munich. His close supervision, guidance and constructive suggestion

are highly appreciated. My special thanks to Prof. P.   gner for his valuable

comments and suggestion. I would like also to express my sincere acknowledgement

to Dr. G. Wendl for his scientific intellectual support, encouragement and tips in

presentation of scientific results,

am even thankfu for the positive atmosphere arid the nice at the Institute of

Agriculture Engineering. Special appreciation to Dipt.-lnq.

Müller, Dr. M.

Klindtworth and Dipl.-Ing K. Klindtworth for their close assistance they extended to

me whenever I faced same problems.

Sincere thank is also due to H. O. Dihenga of the Sokoine of

Agriculture for his valuable suggestions and encouragement during data collection in

Tanzania. I am also indebted to all managers of the large scale farms in Tanzania

and farmers who provided the bulky of information used in this

Grateful acknowledgement is due to the Germany Academic Exchange Service

 Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst

for granting the finaneial support and to

the Soko/ne University of Agriculture for the study leave.

Lastly, the author extends his deepest love and heartful appreciation to his spouse,

Martha for her continuous inspiration and close co-operation throughout the study

Freisinq, August 2000

Sylvester Michael Mpanduji

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VI

Table of contents

3 6 3

3.6.4

3 6 5

3 66

3 6 7

3.6.8

costs .

Health costs ..

Shelter costs .

Labaur costs ..

Insurance costs .

Compensation costs .

50

52

53

54

54

54

4

MATERIAL

METHons   .. 55

4. i

Determination of tractor costs Tanzanis .

55

4. t

4.1.1

4.1.1.2

4. t z

4.1.2.1

4.

i

.2.2

4 3

4.1.3.1

4. i .3.2

4 4

area .

Large scale farms ..

Small-to-medium scale farmers ..

Data collection .

Primary data .

Secondary data ..

Data processing .

costs .

lJd l \ ;LIIClIIUII of traetor annual ownership costs ..

Determination of tractor optimum replaeement time ..

55

57

61

62

62

65

68

69

74

76

4.2

costs

draft animals ..

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

5

5.1

5.2

5.3

53

5.3.2

5 3 3

5.3.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

area .

Animal data collection.. . ..

Animal data

RESUl

TS AND DISCUSSION .

Tractor operator skills .

Tractor utilisation .

Tractor repair costs ..

Averaue

annual repair costs

  m t lI I JU U I I of costs into assernbly groups..

Repair cost functions .

Comparative repair cost curves

Annual costs of tractors ..

Recommended tractor optimum replacement

  8 ..

costs of dralt anirnals ....

77

79

79

82

82

84

87

95

98

99

103

110

117

5.7

Comparison of annual costs of tractors and animals ....... 121

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Table of contents

I

6

6 2

6.3

8

THE

IMPLICATION OF

T

FINDINGS .

Tractor operation and management data ..

Applicability ot repair costs prsdictlon functions .

Importance ot the annual cost tindinqs ..

SUMM RY AND CONCLUSIONS ..

REFERENCE .

 pPEN iX   .

  25

  25

  26

  27

130

137

  45

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List of tables

IX

Table 19: The annual ownership costs of tractors in Germany

998/99 105

Table 20: Optimum recommended replacement age

Im

different tractor

groups............................................................................................ 11

Table 21: Result of draft animal costs Tshs in Shinyanga and Marogaro

118

Table 22: Annual costs of using a pair

01

draft animals oxen in Shinyanga

and Morogoro 120

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x

Figure :

List 01

l isr

OF FIGURES

Map of Africa and Tanzania. ,.., .

10

Figure

2:

Import statistics of

tractors

in Tanzania for ihe

970 - 84, ...... ,

13

Figure 3:

Local

of

tractors in Tanzania for the year 983·89 . 14

Figure 4:

Tractor makes in Tanzaula

up

December

1989 ,

5

Figure 5: Population of in Tanzania 1956 - 84 , , ..

8

Figure 6:

7:

Figure 8:

The failure rate of components of the machine with time (bath-

~ ~

,

  ., ,.

,., ,

,

.

Systemarie diaqrarn for defining maintenance and repair

Definition the rainflow

 'y,; t;j  

22

23

24

9:

Depreciation values different depreciation methods ..

30

Figure

10:

Comparison of salvage values different methods (2WD

tractors) , , ,., , , ,...

33

Figure 11: Comparison 01saivage values using di fferent

methods

(4WD

tractors) ,...... .. , ,...................... 34

Figure

12:

The representation of the optimum replacement period (rninirnum

point) , , ,......... 46

Figure 3: Tractor population by regions in Tanzania (1989).. 55

Figure 14: Map of Tanzania for identilication of regions .... , ,.. ,... ,. ,.. ,

56

15: The average yearly inflation rates frorn 1986 . 1999

Figure 6: Flow chart tor determinat ion of repair cost functions

Figure 1 Trained and

non trained

tractor operators ..

67

73

83

Education intormation of tractor operators

84

Figure 19: Variation   average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of

Massey Ferguson tractars

88

Figu1 820: Variation of annual repair

costs

Case

lnternational tractors

...... ,

tractor with ages

90

Figure

21:

Variation

of

average annual repair costs per tractor with ages

ot

Ford

tractors 91

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List of

XI

Figura 22: Variation of average annual costs per tractor with ages of

Same tractors................................................................................... 92

23: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages

01

4WD tractors.................................................................................... 93

24: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of

2WD SMSF) tractors............. 94