Arranged by 2nd Group :

♥ Dianing Eka Puspitasari (100341400720)♥ Oktavia Astiana (100341400685)♥ Ndzani Latifatur Rofi’ah (100341400702)♥ Rulyana Salma Rosadha (100341400687)♥ Lina Arfiani (100314400692)♥ Din Hadi Shofyan (100341400681)

PLATYCERIUM BIFURCATUM(TUMBUHAN PAKU TANDUK RUSA)

CLASSIFICATION Kingdom : Plantae

Divisi : PteridophytaClass : PteridopsidaOrdo : PolypodialesFamily : PolypodiaceaeGenus : PlatyceriumSpeciees :Platycerium bifurcatum

Platycerium bifurcatum, the Elkhorn fern, occurs naturally in New Guinea, and along the coasts of Queensland and New South Wales.

It belongs in the family Polypodiaceae, which has 10 genera and 26 species.

DERIVATION OF THE NAME

Platycerium - is derived from the Greek words platys meaning "flat" and ceras meaning "a horn", referring to the shape of the fronds.

bifurcatum - means to fork into two branches, again, referring to the shape of the fronds.

HABITAT

Platycerium sp. is a type of plant epiphytes, plants

that attach to the object or another tree without

harming the host plant. Platycerium sp. like a place

that does not directly get sunlight.

P. bifurcatum plants require a shady area to grow

in, and need to be kept moist.

P. elephantotis

P. superbum

P. stemaria

P.andinum

MORPHOLOGY OF PLATYCERIUM

Stem form of rhizome soft but wiry and difficult to cut Leaf with two type:

• Always sterile and erect a shield-shaped

• Dry in conditions of less water

FIRST TYPE

• Dangling from the "center" the first type leaf resembles with deer antlers shape

SECOND TYPE

SPORE OF PLATYCERIUM Spores contained in sporangia protected by a "sorry" that grew gather on the underside of the leaves, causing brown vlek on leaves.

HOW DO FERNS (STAGHORN)REPRODUCE ?

Reproduction of ferns is more complicated if compared with other vascular plants. Reproduction process will only occur if enough water content in the environment of his life until the reproductive process is complete. Consequently ferns will not reproduce if the water levels in the environment less.

Ferns have two body forms namely form gametophyte (n), and form sporofit (2n). Reproduction occurs by way of rotation sporofit descent with a known descendant gametophyte in terms metagenesis.

Gametophyte generation characteristics:

1. Spores that fell in damp areas will grow into

prothalium

2. Prothalium is a heart-shaped slabs, on the

surface of the bottom of the rhizoid, the upper

surface there are gametes (antheridia and

archegonia)

Sporofit generation characteristics:

1. Formed from the fusion of male gametes

(sperm) and female gametes (ova)

2. Young ferns that grow into adult nail on

gametophyte

3. Ferns grown produce two types of leaves of

leaves and leaf sporofil tropofil

4. is the most dominant phase, and long-lived

Ferns body structureLeaves nails grow from leaf stems called Frond bone, and whole leaf in a leaf stalk is called the pinna.

If observed on the surface of the leaf (Frond) there is a form of black dots called sorus, sporangia in sorus there is a collection which is a place or container from the spores. Figure below shows sporangia incorporated in the structure of the sorus (plural sorry). Not all leaves have a sorus nails (sorry), leaves the nail that has a sorus is a fertile leaf called sporofil leaves, leaves that do not have a sorus nails called sterile leaves. This leaves only contain chlorophyll and widely used for the process of photosynthesis. The leaves are called leaf tropofil.

Structure sorus

The outside of the sorus-shaped thin membrane called the indusium. The interior of the sorus sporangium there is a collection which contains thousands of spores.

If the leaf sporofil (fertile leaves) were placed on the surface of plain paper, then the spore will look like black powder, brown, red, yellow or green depending on plant species nail. Each spore will grow into adult nail through a complex process.

How do spores grow?

Spores are falling suitable place will grow into a sheet-shaped body called prothalium or gametophyte. Spore-like seeds in higher plants. Seeds that grow into a mature plant, while the spores grow into prothalium or gametophyte.

Gametophyte is very small only half an inch and can be observed using a magnifying instrument such as loup. Gametophyte has two sets of reproductive organs, antheridium (male) and archegonium (female). Antheridium archegonium containing the sperm and the egg cell contains, respectively located on the surface gametofitnya. Sperm will move towards the egg cell in a state if the environment moist.

When sperm meets an egg cell occurred merging the genetic material of cells produced with the complete genetic material. These cells merged (zygote) is the beginning of plant growth spikes. Zygote is located within and protected by the structure of the gametophyte, then will grow into adult sporofit or nails.

The Example of Staghorns that use as garnish in the garden

Spores

Male Protalium Female Protalium

ArkegoniumAnteridium

Spermatozid Ova

Spores

Ziygote

Young Platycerium

Old Platycerium

Sporangium

n n

GAMETOFIT

Sporofit

2n

n n

THE FUNCTION OF SPIKE HORN DEER Common

ornamental plant that kept people in the yard, stuck in a tree or hung to give the impression of nature in the park. Tillers that grow can be separated from their parents carefully and placed on other places

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