Tampere 2013 – Preparation Kit for Delegates

Tampere 2013Regional Session of EYP Finland

Preparation Kit for Delegates

European Youth Parliament Finland ndash EYP-Finland ryUudenmaankatu 15 A 5 00120 Helsinkihttpwwweypfinlandorg ndash eypeypfinlandorg

Welcome words

Dear delegates

Dear participants of the Regional Selection Conference of EYP Finland in Tampere

with the Regional Session in Tampere fast approaching the chairs-team is now delighted to present you the academic preparation kit for the topics that you will be discussing throughout the session All chairpersons worked on producing a highly academic result which you will use in order to inform yourselves on your assigned topics I advise you all to not only pay attention to the overview of the topic you have been assigned to but also take all overviews into consideration as they will help you have a better grasp of all aspects of EU politics that the sessionrsquos academic spectrum encompasses

The overviews will provide you with a general picture of the current status of the respective aspects of the topics and the sources provided to you for further research (links) will allow you to further expand the pool of information you will gather for each specific topic The chairpersons have put effort in reviewing the status quo for each topic but it is up to you individually to expand your research based on the proposed links I strongly urge all of you to put effort in collecting information on your own accord

Moreover within this prep kit you will find an introductory page with proposed links for videos that will help you under-stand the fundamentals of EU better I advise you to take the time and watch those videos They will provide you with more perspective on official EU institutions decision-making procedures and balance of bargaining power at the EU level

I am looking forward to meeting you all in Tampere this coming November and I assure you that the chairs-team will do its best to facilitate you throughout the session

Dimitris ZachariasPresidentTampere 2013

---

European Youth Parliament (EYP)

The European Youth Parliament represents a non-partisan and independent educational project which is tailored specifi-cally to the needs of the young European citizen European Youth Parliament Finland established in 2011 is the National Committee of the EYP in Finland

The EYP encourages independent thinking and initiative in young people and facilitates the learning of crucial social and professional skills Since its inauguration many tens of thousands of young people have taken part in Regional National and International Sessions formed friendships and made international contacts across and beyond borders The EYP has thus made a vital contribution towards uniting Europe

Today the EYP is one of the largest European platforms for political debate intercultural encounters political educational work and the exchange of ideas among young people in Europe The EYP consists of a network of 36 European associa-tions in which thousands of young people are active in a voluntary capacity

The EYP is a programme of the Schwarzkopf Foundation


European Union (EU)

The European Union is an economic and political union of 28 Member States The EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the European Communities With over 500 million inhabitants the EU gener-ated an estimated 21 of the PPP gross world product in 2009

The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all Member States and ensures the free movement of people goods services and capital including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area It enacts legislation in justice and home affairs and maintains common policies on trade agriculture fisheries and regional development Seventeen Member States have adopted a common currency the euro

With a view to its relations with the wider world the EU has developed a limited role in foreign and defence policy through the Common Foreign and Security Policy Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world and the EU is represented at the United Nations the WTO the G8 and the G-20

The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism In certain areas decisions are taken by independent institutions while in others they are made through negotiation between Member States

The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community formed by six countries in the 1950s Since then it has grown in size through enlargement and in power through the addition of policy areas to its remit The last amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU came into force in 2009 and was the Lisbon Treaty

The institutions of the European Union

The European Council is responsible for defining the general political direction and priorities of the EU It comprises the heads of state or government of EU Member States along with its President (currently Herman Van Rompuy from Bel-gium) and the President of the Commission

The Council of the European Union (commonly referred to as the Council of Ministers) is the institution in the legislature of the EU representing the governments of member states the other legislative body being the European Parliament The exact membership depends upon the topic for example when discussing agricultural policy the Council is formed by the 28 national ministers whose portfolio includes this policy area

The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the EU Together with the Council it forms the bicameral legislative branch of the EU The Parliament is composed of 766 MEPs The current president is Martin Schulz from Germany

The European Commission is the executive body of the EU It is responsible for proposing legislation implementing deci-sions upholding the Unionrsquos treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union The Commission operates as a cabinet government with 28 Commissioners The current President is Joseacute Manuel Duratildeo Barroso from Portugal

Other important institutions of the EU include the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Central Bank The EU also has several agencies and other institutions


Introductory media ndash the EU explained

This section will provide delegates with insight into the aims processes and rules of governance of the European Union The generic videos introduce key aspects of EU procedural mechanisms and provide fundamental information in many of the current topics on the EU agenda Note all videos that are not spoken in English have a subtitle option

The EU Institutions Explained by their Presidents

A view from the inside the Presidents of the main European Union institutions share their views on how the EU actu-ally works Who does what Whatrsquos specific to each institution What is the role of President How do they see Europersquos future

How it works European Laws

This animated video guides the viewer through the Ordinary Legislative Procedure and highlights the procedures that lead to the adoption of a new piece of legislation The animated guide also clearly distinguishes the areas of jurisdiction of all the institutions included in the EU legislative procedure

How it works Trilogue

Why do MEPs increasingly often negotiate with the states behind closed doors before even voting in plenary A look at the how(s) and why(s) of trilogues

How it works European Parliament

European Parliament explained who its Members are how their work is organised what powers they yield and the im-pact of all this on the daily life of Europeans

How It Works What will the Lisbon Treaty change for the Parliament

The EP stands to gain the most from the Lisbon Treaty Not only will the number of MEPs increase but also their powers to decide together with the Council on matters such as agriculture justice and home affairs and the budget The EPrsquos political control of the Commission will also be strengthened

How it works EU Membership

How does a country join the European Union Wersquoll be looking at how far Iceland Turkey and Croatia have come in their membership bids

How It Works EU Budget

Where does the EU get its money from how does it decide about its budget and who benefits the most We examine the EUrsquos budget procedure and focus in on the European Parliamentrsquos changed role in it

How it works What makes for a good single currency

EuroparlTV investigates the Fiscal Compact and the changes it has brought to the rules of economic governance of Mem-ber States The Fiscal Compact builds on the principles of governance of the Stability Pact


How It Works Leaving the EU

The Lisbon Treaty now provides for it officially a Member State can leave the EU In fact it can just stop implementing EU laws overnight or more sensibly negotiate its exit In any case itrsquoll all be over in max 2 years

The Crisis of Credit Visualized

This video traces the origins of the credit crisis of 2008 and the elements that led to an international financial turmoil This video uses visual assistance to explain the complicated financial processes that led to an international crisis


Committee topics

1 Committee on Constitutional Affairs ndash AFCO

Chairpersons Charlotta Lahnalahti (FI) Dennis Patriarcheas (GR)

The democratic deficit in the 2009 elections of the European Parliament almost three quarters (71) of voters aged 18ndash24 abstained from voting How best should the EU fix its democratic deficit and restore the enthusiasm of its youth for the European project

2 Committee on Foreign Affairs ndash AFET

Chairpersons Kian Hunziker (CH) Bilge Oumlzensoy (TR)

With over 100 000 dead and millions of refugees the Syrian civil war has become one of the worst humanitarian crises of the decade As talk of the possibility of military intervention increases what stance should the EU take in international efforts to cease the violence in Syria

3 Committee on Culture and Education ndash CULT

Chairpersons Madlaina Michelotti (CH) Dimitris Zacharias (GR)

With research confirming that 1 in 5 young people are experiencing a mental health problem at any one time what steps can European governments take to support positive mental health for young people

4 Committee on Employment and Social Affairs ndash EMPL

Chairpersons Roksolana Pidlasa (UA) Ada Aadeli (FI)

The challenge of dramatically high youth unemployment rates How should European governments best offer opportuni-ties to those aged 16ndash24 to ensure that the current generation of European youth does not become irreversibly excluded from the labour market

5 Committee on International Trade ndash INTA

Chairpersons Christos Papadogeorgopoulos (GR) Mico Sjoumlberg (FI)

Exporting for growth with small and medium size enterprises building the backbone of the EU economy how can the EU further promote the internationalization of SMEs in order to help them access international trading markets

6 Committee on Industry Research and Energy ndash ITRE

Chairpersons Riikka Nieminen (FI) Francesco Delorenzi (BE)

The post-Fukushima Europe with the challenge of balancing environmental sustainability security and the need for cheap energy what role should nuclear energy play in the EU Member Statesrsquo energy strategies


7 Committee on Regional Development I ndash REGI I

Chairpersons Natalia Vagena (GR) Tuusa Eriksson (FI)

Reviewing the Catalan Scottish and Flemish experience with breakaway regions sending the EU into legally and po-litically unmapped territory what should be the EUrsquos stance towards secession movements within its borders and the potential of newly emerging sovereign states within EU territory

8 Committee on Regional Development II ndash REGI II

Chairperson Tim Backhaus (FI)

Building the periphery mechanisms such as the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund play an important role in de-veloping the peripheral areas of Europe but they are also costly Keeping in mind that metropolitan areas are the primary motors of growth how should the EU best support its peripheral areas to suit the needs of their population

9 Committee on Security and Defence ndash SEDE

Chairpersons Katerina Zejdlova (CZ) Sara Kalkku (FI)

In the aftermath of the NSA spying scandal it has become clear that large-scale electronic surveillance is a global phenomenon How should the EU and its Member States respond to the threat foreign surveillance poses to information security of European organisations and citizens





Overview

The term ldquodemocratic deficitrdquo stands for the lack of democratic legitimacy in the European Union (EU) Democratic legiti-macy in turn implies the democratic accountability and compliance of the democratic procedures to the accepted stand-ards Drastically low voter turnout in the 2009 elections challenges the legitimacy of the decisions made in the European Parliament (EP) All in all less than a half of the citizens exercised their right to vote1 Especially for the voters aged 18-24 this figure sunk to 29 across Europe2 Citizensrsquo indifference towards elections has been growing since 1979 with an average 5 decrease after each term The introduction of the Treaty of Lisbon and its institutional reforms in 2007 aimed at reinforcing democracy and fostering citizensrsquo inclusion in the policy-making process Among other institutional changes the Lisbon Treaty declared the extension of the EPrsquos power in law-making and budgetary control3

Nonetheless nowadays it has been questioned whether the Lisbon Treaty succeeded in reaching its democracy goals4 The EP is the only institution whose members (MEPs) are directly elected by the people and despite its increasing power and influence over the policy-making process its responsibilities and the competences are still limited in comparison to other institutions Formally the EP cannot initiate a legislative procedure and does not fully exercise its legislative power in certain areas On the other hand the most important executive and legislative EU institution the European Commis-sion is formed without direct involvement of the citizens

The limited powers of the EP - the only directly elected EU institution - has led to disengagement of citizens in European politics some have even admitted to losing faith in the European idea Additionally with youth unemployment rising strongly and economic growth slowing down in many Member States young European citizens tend to lose their faith5 in the effectiveness of EU governance Conversely several EU citizens admit that they are not ready to take part in the democratic process as they do not feel they know enough about the way the European Union and its governance system work6

On the threshold of Parliamentary Elections governmental institutions and non-partisan organisations pay particular at-tention to combating the democratic deficit in the EU For instance a civil society organisation called ldquoEuropean Alterna-tivesrdquo launched ldquoThe Citizens Pact for European Democracyrdquo aimed at promoting the 2014 elections as well as raising awareness about the EU institutions and their respective functions The programme will be in action until 2014 and will attempt to appeal to European citizens through public events media social networks etc

Another instrument of bringing the governance system closer to people was initiated by the European Commission EU

1 Turnout at the European elections (1979-2009) European Parliament

2 rdquoFrustrated young voters could reverse declining turnout in EU electionsrdquo wwweuractivcom June 2013

3 European Parliament and the Lisbon Treaty

4 Democratic Deficit of the EU After the Lisbon Treaty ndash Is There an Institutional Solution ndash EuroAcademia

5 Europeans Losing Faith in Their Parliament ndash The New York Times

6 EU Citizenship Report 2013 ndash European Commission


Citizenship Reports are regularly published to remind citizens about their rights in the EU The Reports are distributed in all official languages in order to reach all societal clusters in Member States EU Citizenship Reports often refer to a prominent tool of participatory democracy the European Citizens Initiative (ECI) which may call for the European Com-mission to initiate legislation A proposal can concern any important issue that the organising group deems important In order for the ECI to be contemplated by the European Commission one million signatures have to be gathered and it has to fall under EU competences The first proposal of such kindldquoRight2Waterrdquo7 quickly became famous and caught the attention of the European Commission8 More than 19 million signatures were collected and now the proposal is to be passed to the European Commission for processing Why do other citizens refrain from starting their own legislative initiatives to shape their own future

The leading EU institutions struggle to promote the European identity and maintain the ideas of European citizenship However the citizens of the EU have been growing more and more sceptical towards the complex system of EU govern-ance and its efficiency How could the EU retain peoplesrsquo attention to the common interests and revitalise the coopera-tion with the young generation What is the best way to increase the voter turnout among youth and what role should national governments play in this process

Keywords

Legitimacy democratic legitimacy democratic deficit EU (institutional) trialogue primarysecondary EU law European elections European Citizensrsquo Initiative sructured dialogue

Links for further research

EU Citizenship Report 2013

On the Evidence-based Youth Policy Making

Open Method of Coordination (OMC)

Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies European University Institute Democratic improvements in the European Union under the Lisbon Treaty Institutional changes regarding democratic government in the EU February 2011

How to reduce the EUrsquos democratic deficit ndash The Guardian

The EUrsquos democratic challenge ndash BBC

The European Citizens Initiative a tool of its time ndash Open Democracynet

7 Right2Water

8 Comissioners view on the Right2Water ndash European Commission





Overview

Tensions in Syria began in March 2011 as peaceful demonstrations against Assadrsquos corrupt government and the govern-mentrsquos continuous violations of its citizensrsquo rights Eventually the protests escalated and evolved into a civil war across the country1 Today over 100 000 people have lost their lives 4 million have been internally displaced and about 2 million have fled to neighboring countries as refugees2

Although efforts have been made by the international community to cease the conflict there are still many obstacles that disallow effective peacemaking First of all the support of Assadrsquos government by Russia and Iran through the steady supply of weaponry to the military keeps fueling the ongoing armed conflicts with the opposition Russia and Chinarsquos vetoing of UN (United Nations) resolutions on imposition of sanctions to the Syrian regime has also inhibited the attempts of members of the UN to apply further international pressure on the Syrian governmental forces3

The recent chemical attack in Ghouta on 21st August 20134 which according to the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs is ldquoa blatant violation of international law a war crime and a crime against humanityrdquo5 fears of escalation of violence have been reaffirmed Syria is believed to possess more than 1000 tonnes of chemical agents6 This attack shifted the debate on interventions and has brought the issue of chemical weapon disarmament into the center of atten-tion among the international community In response Russia and the USA reached the first agreement on the matter and called for the seizure of Syrian chemical weapons by mid-20147 How should the European Union (EU) be involved in these efforts And moreover how will this agreement influence further debates on how the international community addresses armed conflicts in sovereign states where the government violates fundamental citizensrsquo rights

The EU has repeatedly demanded a political solution to the conflict and an immediate end to the violence The EU has highlighted the importance of working together with other international institutions including the UN and the League of Arab States to establish political stability Together these organisations outlined common support for a peace-making conference following the principles of the Geneva communiqueacute8 On the other hand despite the common stance of the EU Member States have differing opinions on how to best address the issue While the President of France Franccedilois Hol-lande emphasises the importance of maintaining the possibility for a military intervention in order to pressure the Syrian regime the British Parliament has clearly rejected Prime Minister Cameronrsquos plans to join possible US-led military actions9

The more active approaches undertaken so far include restrictive measures such as the prohibition to import weapons a restriction of certain exports ban on investment in the oil industry and financial restrictions for the Syrian National Bank

1 Syria Civil War Fast Facts ndash CNN International Edition

2 European External Action Service ndash EEAS Syria

3 China and Russia veto UN resolution condemning Syria ndash CNN Middle East

4 Syria chemical attack What we know ndash CNN International Edition

5 Syrian chemical weapons attack a war crime says EU ndash The Guardian

6 US credits Syriarsquos Assad over chemical weapons destruction - BBC

7 US and Russia Reach Deal to Destroy Syriarsquos Chemical Arms ndash The New York Times

8 Final communiqueacute of the Action Group for Syria - Geneva Saturday 30 June 2012 UNOG

9 Syria crisis Cameron loses Commons vote on Syria action - BBC


Also the EU is one of the main donors aiming at the protection of civilians hence the EU has already allocated almost 860 million euro to humanitarian and non-humanitarian assistance to Syrians inside and outside the country10

The situation analysed above raises a number of fundamental questions for the future of the relations between the Mid-dle East and Europe Should the EU become more active in engaging in interventions of armed conflicts Should the EU and its Member States directly support the opposition and how should the granted means be secured not to end up in the wrong hands Moreover seeing that Russia and Iran openly side with the current Syrian regime how can a further escalation of the conflict be avoided in case of more active EU engagement Taking into account the reluctance of most oppositional parties to negotiate with Assadrsquos government is a solely political solution realistic

Keywords

Human rights Syrian civil war refugees military interventions United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Geneva commu-niqueacute chemical attack in Ghouta trade sanctions oppositional parties


EU ndash Syria Relations An Overview European External Action Service

Factsheet EUrsquos Stance Towards the Syrian Civil War European Council

8 Things to Consider Before Intervening in Syria European Council on Foreign Affairs

EU arms embargo on Syria Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

Syria conflict Chemical arms experts cross border ndash BBC

Francersquos Hollande hints at arming Syrian rebels ndash France24com

Free Syrian Army Chief rsquoWhy Is the West Just Looking Onrsquo ndash Der Spiegel

EU governments ease Syria sanctions on oil to help rebels ndash Reuters

Guide to the Syrian opposition - BBC

10 The European Union and Syria Factsheet ndash European Council





Overview

Mental health problems are medical conditions that cause one to think feel and behave differently such behaviours may originate from neurotic or psychotic symptoms1 According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) mental health is ldquoa state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities can cope with the normal stresses of life can work productively and fruitfully2 and is able to make a contribution to his or her communityrdquo Diagnosing mental health problems and providing support to those suffering from them remains challenging people who suffer from mental health prob-lems attribute such conditions to character weakness and refuse to participate in supportive programmes Young people between the ages of 15 and 25 undergo a lot of changes concerning their health social life and education making it all the more necessary to provide a stable support system for those who suffer from mental health problems Furthermore evidence proposes that stress associated with familial societal and economic situations also influences youth mental health3

Failure to treat and cure mental health problems can have calamitous effects on those experiencing the effects of such conditions Unequal access to education and employment opportunities distress in social aspects such as personal re-lationships academic achievements and the overall well-being4 of individuals are some of the most prominent examples of such effects Mental health problems can also lead to further health issues such as drug abuse ranging from using in-travenous drugs to violating prescribed medication regimens However the negative impacts of mental health problems do not solely affect the individuals suffering from them but also extend to their social environment The potential harm in societal terms is also noteworthy as violence and imprisonment rates increase causing further financial strain5

Information-sharing on the promotion prevention care and treatment of mental health problems has increased signifi-cantly Services are limited and patients are often subject to neglect and abuse in larger mental health institutions The availability of care and psychotropic drugs varies significantly among countries along with the amount of mental health training provided to medical professionals Countries located in Europe experience limited budget an average of 58 of their total health expenditure (ranging between 01 to 12) with most of it used for services and not for promotion and prevention6

Many mental health organisations are currently working towards allowing further access to information regarding mental health conditions In the European Union (EU) for example the ProYouth7 initiative and Mental Health Europe8 promote mental health by raising awareness providing assistance tips support and health care On a policy-making level the WHO which has an established European Regional office puts together health indicators and statistics that have been assessed and analysed9 On a regional scale the Committee of the Regions consisting of representatives from regional

1 ldquoWhat Are Mental Health Problemsrdquo

2 Mental Health Strengthening Our Responserdquo World Health Organisation

3 ldquoYoung People and Mental Health Prevention and Early Intervention in Europerdquo

4 ldquoMental Health and Mental Disordersrdquo Healthy People US Department of Health and Human Services

5 ldquoModule 1 Introduction to Global Mental Health Effects of Mental Health on Individuals and Populations

6 ldquoMental Health Facing the Challenges Building Solutionsrdquo World Health Organisation

7 rdquoWhat Is ProYouthrdquo ProYouth

8 ldquoAbout Mental Health EuroperdquoMental Health Europe European Commission

9 rdquoData and EvidencerdquoWorld Health Organisation


and local governments provides opinions on European legislation concerning mental health problems10

Intervention should be intersectoral focusing on policies and programmes provided by the government to those experi-encing mental health problems intervention should address education labour justice transport environment housing and welfare sectors along with targeted preventative measures and improved treatment within the health sector11 Gov-ernments should focus on joint actions so as to establish an environment that values fundamental human rights Thus individuals will be provided with a sense of security and freedom which in turn promotes positive mental health How can European governments address the effects of mental health problems both on the individual and societal fronts Is intersectoral action advised and if so how effective can such action be in addressing individuals who experi-ence such conditions

Keywords

Youth mental health problems stigma social burden productivity loss financial strain mental health promotionpreven-tionassistancetreatment mental healthcare limited budget intersectoral intervention collective government action


About Mental Health Europe

Mental Health and Mental Disorders

Introduction to Global Mental Health

WHO Europe and Mental Health

World Health OrganisationrdquoPromoting Mental Healthrdquo

ldquoYoung People and Mental Health Prevention and Early Intervention in Europerdquo

ldquoBringing Mental Health Into Developmentrdquo Forbes

Croucher Shane ldquoMental Health Europersquos Biggest Firms Join Forces to Tackle Costly Workplace

10 ldquoAbout CORrdquoEuropean Union Committee of the Regions

11 World Health OrganisationrdquoPromoting Mental HealthrdquoWorld Health Organization


4 Committee on Employment and Social Affairs I ndash EMPL I


The challenge of dramatically high youth unemployment rates How should European governments best offer oppor-tunities to those aged 16ndash24 to ensure that the current generation of European youth does not become irreversibly excluded from the labour market

Overview

ldquoYouth unemployment is the most pressing issue facing Europerdquo- Angela Merkel Chancellor of Germany

Youth unemployment is one of the most prominent issues on the European Union (EU) agenda Several Member States have already taken policy actions to address the issue of rampant unemployment among the young population In Ger-many for example the youth unemployment rate is at 77 one of the lowest in the EU The contrast to Mediterranean countries such as Spain Italy and Greece is staggering the respective rate in Greece reaching a record 615 in June 20131The percentage of unemployed young people in Greece is on average triple the general unemployment rate across Europe

The consequences of such high youth unemployment rates are severe both on the economic and the social dimensions For individuals long-term unemployment leads to gradual loss of qualification decreases the chances to be employed in the future and could potentially result in social exclusion Moreover rampant unemployment can have calamitous effects on society as a whole as diminishing tax revenues do not suffice to finance unemployment benefits for those in need of such arrangements

The international economic slowdown has taken an extra toll on Member Statesrsquo efforts to correct for increasing youth unemployment Several effects of the crisis such as the reduced production capacity and the consequent drop in labour force demand accentuate the current trend of increasing unemployment among the youth However high unemployment rates shall be viewed not only as a result of stagnation but also as indicators of inefficient allocation and use of resourc-es by the government Unable to maximise the output of production Member States face a decrease of their respective competitiveness in the market

The European Commission reports that there are 185 million unfilled vacancies in the EU2 especially in the Information Communication and Technology (ICT) sector The EU is faced with structural unemployment which occurs when work-ers available on the labour market mismatch employersrsquo demand Certain sectors (such as management jurisprudence diplomacy etc) are oversaturated by prospective competitors others lack trained and skilled workforce

The European Commission through the European Social Fund (ESF) is supporting youth employment initiatives The Youth Employment Programme by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) is also being practised within Europe Moreover in April 2012 the European Commission created the ldquoEmployment Packagerdquo3 focussing on concrete measures to boost the level of employment in the Member States Unlike previous educational programmes the new ldquoPackagerdquo contains specific economic recommendations intended to support job creation Among other suggestions the European Commission proposes governments include the development of areas where a significant amount of workplaces could be created in their National Job Plans Yet the determination of which professions are going to be potentially highly de-manded in the future remains one of the biggest challenges in fulfilling the ldquoPackagerdquo conditions

1 Eurostat Data release (June 2013)

2 European Vacancy Monitor No 8 (01032013) by European Commission

3 ldquoCommission presents new measures and identifies key opportunities for EU job-rich recoveryrdquo


In order for government intervention ndash through policy management ndash to be successful and alleviate the negative effects of high unemployment rates among the youth it should be aimed at striking a balance between measures intended for further social inclusion of the youth and economic policies that will boost the job market and allow for developmentHow would the EU and the respective Member States attempt to mitigate the influence of the economic crisis on the labour market What role should the EU and Member States assume in tackling the problem of unemployment in its Member States What further steps are to be taken to integrate millions of abandoned youngsters into the labour market and consequently achieve a higher level of social cohesion

Keywords

Youth unemployment business cycles cyclical unemployment structural unemployment ESF Employment Package National Job Plans ILO Youth Employment Programme


Definition of Unemployment and Youth Unemployment Indicators - Eurostat

Macroeconomic Background - Understanding Employment

Summaries of EU Legislation - Employment and Social Policy Community Employment Policies ndash Europaeu

Future Consequences of Youth Unemployment - ldquoThe jobless youngrdquo - The Economist

Youth Unemployment in Europe Guaranteed to Fail - The Economist

Youth unemployment in Mediterranean Europe - The Economist

Europe takes steps to tackle youth unemployment - The Guardian

Mixed reactions to EUrsquos lsquojob strategyrsquo - The Parliament





Overview

Totalling to over 99 of the amount of European businesses small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dominate the European economy These businesses provide the lionrsquos share of the jobs and largely contribute to overall Gross Domes-tic Product (GDP) of European Union (EU) Member States1

Despite the crucial role they play in the economy of the EU SMEs often face different obstacles in the respective domes-tic markets that hamper their sustainability such obstacles include the difficulty of access to finance the high costs of labour the lack of qualified labour and the limited access to consumers Such obstacles do not allow SMEs to reap the benefits of economies of scale2 Internationalisation is proven not only to help SMEs in overcoming the aforementioned barriers but also bring further concrete benefits These among others include the reinforcement of the competitive advantage leading to increased efficiency of production and quality of production output Additionally internationalisa-tion gives SMEs an opportunity to occupy a bigger market share and hence seek to expand their production capacities Increase of production capacities in turn creates an inevitable need of investment into RampD so as to positively impact their domestic economies

Currently only very few European SMEs are operating outside the EU The EU has a proactive position towards SMEsrsquo in-ternationalisation To begin with two studies carried out by the European Commission in 2003 and 2007 seemed to show considerably different pictures on the degree of internationalisation of European SMEs3 Therefore in 2009 the European Commission launched the project ldquoInternationalisation of European SMEsrdquo in an attempt to provide an up-to-date over-view of the barriers that hinder the international involvement of European SMEs and to come up with policy recommen-dations based on these problems Conclusions have indeed been made and among others it was emphasised that each company must be provided with an individualised support and that any new programme to support internationalisation must be demand-driven and adaptable

ldquoSmall Business Big Worldrdquo is the name of the European Commissionrsquos strategy which is targeted on helping SMEs seize global opportunities4 In order to achieve that goal the strategy set out six fields of action namely (1) strengthen-ing and mapping the existing supply of support services (2) creating a single virtual gateway to information for SMEs (3) making support schemes at EU level more consistent (4) promoting clusters and networks for SME internationalisation (5) rationalising new activities in priority markets and (6) leveraging existing EU external policies in accordance with the Europe 2020 Strategy

It can be thus concluded that certain measures have already been taken on the EU level in order to help the SMEs reach the international financial markets However there are still questions to consider Why were some of the abovementioned actions fruitful whereas others were not How can the EU further help SMEs access international financial markets Who should be involved in this process Should the EU solely be in charge of promoting the internationalisation or should local

1 ldquoFacts and figures about the EUacutes Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)rdquo European Commission Enterprise and Industry

2 Economies of Scale refer to the cost advantages of a company producing a product in larger quantities so that each unit costs less to make

reputation for customer relations can all be value drivers Suggested further reading QFinance The Ultimate Financial Resource Online Finan-

cial Dictionary

3 ldquoInternationalisation of European SMEsrdquo European Commission Enterprise and Industry

4 lsquoSmall Business Big World a new partnership to help SMEs seize global opportunitiesrsquo (2011) European Commission Press Release Data-

base


governments take a more active role Which are the most attractive high-return international markets for SMEs

Keywords

Access to finance competitiveness economies of scale Free Trading Area internationalisation of European SMEs pro-duction efficiency protectionism RampD SME Small Business-Big World technical know-how transaction costs


Europe 2020 A European Strategy for Smart Sustainable and Inclusive Growth (2010 March) European Commission

European Commission Enterprise and Industry Fact and figures about the EUacutes Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)

Internationalisation of European SMEs (2010) European Commission Enterprise and Industry

Observatory of European SMEs (2007 May) European Commission

European Commission Enterprise and Industry Promoting international activities of SME

Study on Support Services for SMEs in International Business (2013 March) European Competitiveness and Sustainable Industrial Policy Consortium

Supporting the Internationalisation of SMEs European Commission (2007 December)

Top Barriers and Drivers to SME Internationalisation OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship SME and Local Development (CFE)




The post-Fukushima Europe with the challenge of balancing environmental sustainability security and the need forcheap energy what role should nuclear energy play in the EU Member Statesrsquo energy strategies

Overview

Approximately 30 of electricity in the European Union (EU) is generated at nuclear power plants Currently 14 EU Mem-ber States use a total of 132 nuclear reactors1 Europe-wide eleven nations use these facilities to generate more than one third of their electricity production For France this figure exceeds 752

Each Member State is committed to follow common rules set by the EU in order to ensure safe and sustainable use of nuclear energy Moreover every Member State is allowed to decide on its respective nuclear policy and legislation as long as it is not opposing the common EU legislation A thread connecting EU and national regulations is the European Nu-clear Safety Regulators Group (ENSREG)3 ENSREG assists the Member States on nuclear safety and develops guidelines for nuclear power exploitation which it communicates to the European Commission

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) the world demand for energy will grow by 65 by 20204 With new nuclear power plants being built the aggregate supply of the energy increases and reduces the price Concurrently the modernisation of the equipment increases the cost-efficiency of production which also makes energy more affordable to consumers Under such circumstances nuclear energy may be considered as one of the best answers to constantly growing energy demand within the EU

In March 2011 the Fukushima-Daiichi disaster demonstrated the negative effects that nuclear power plants have Be-sides the inherent risk of a nuclear disaster the issue of disposing radioactive waste remains one of the most serious disadvantages of nuclear energy exploitation Radioactive tailings cannot be recycled and remain hazardous for tens of thousands of years Thus nuclear waste is to be stored indefinitely in high-security facilities In 2010 the European Com-mission proposed a directive on ldquoRadioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Managementrdquo which instructs each Member State generating electricity through nuclear power plants to commit to a safe storing strategy for radioactive waste by 20155

Additionally the supply of uranium-235 the fuel used in nuclear power generators is highly limited Currently the ma-jority of the uranium used in the EU6 comes from Russia and Canada Estimations predict that uranium deposits7 will last approximately for the next 80 years should consumption volumes remain stable

Taking into account all the disadvantages of nuclear energy production the EU intends to increase the exploitation of renewable energy sources and increase the generation of electricity from the latter to 20 by 20208 Currently the

Nuclear safety Safe operation of nuclear installations radiation protection and radioactive waste management

Nuclear Safeguards Taking measures to ensure that operators use nuclear materials only for the officially declared purpose

Nuclear Security Safety of nuclear facilities against attacks of any kind

1 Nuclear power plants in the EU

2 Nuclear power in France

3 ENSREG

4 World Energy Prospect to 2020

5 European Commission Nuclear waste management

6 EURATOM Annual Report

7 Supply of Uranium

8 The EUrsquos 2020 package


methods of producing electricity from renewable energy sources are not as efficient and as those used to produce the same amount of energy at nuclear power plants Moreover the cost of utilising energy production from renewable energy sources is higher that than of utilising energy generated at nuclear power plants

Nuclear power plants produce lsquodirty technologyrsquo unsafe energy production procedures such as that of nuclear fission render energy production dangerous and potentially deadly for surrounding environments However a new way of pro-ducing nuclear energy emerged in the end of the 20th century that of nuclear fusion Many energy experts believe that nuclear fusion is the only reliable environmentally-friendly way of producing ldquobase-loadrdquo electricity

Taking into account the growing need of sustainable cost-efficient and easily available energy what role should the nuclear power play in the EU energy sector Moreover at times of resentment against the West and potential terrorist at-tacks is it reasonable to build nuclear facilities bearing in mind the environmental catastrophe of an attack on a nuclear facility These and other questions are to be considered when discussing EU Member Statesrsquo energy strategies

Keywords

Sustainable energy resources nuclear energy ENSREG Fukushima nuclear waste uranium EU 2020 Energy Strategy renewable energy resources nuclear fission nuclear fusion ITER ldquobase-loadrdquo electricity


European Energy 2020 strategy ndash lsquoA strategy for competitive sustainable and secure energyrsquo

Management of spent fuel and radioactive waste ndash Directive Overview

Fusion for Energyrsquos brochure on Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear energy ndash European Commission

One giant leap for mankind pound13bn ITER project makes breakthrough in the quest for nuclear fusion ndash The Independent

The international ITER project for fusion Why ndash ITERorg

EU draws up plans to allow state aid for nuclear power ndash The Financial Times

Nuclear power leaks show new EU push ndash The Guardian

Are nuclear plants safe from attack - NBC



Chairperson Natalia Vagena (GR) Tuusa Eriksson (FI)

Reviewing the Catalan Scottish and Flemish experience with breakaway regions sending the EU into legally and po-litically unmapped territory what should be the EUrsquos stance towards secession movements within its borders and thepotential of newly emerging sovereign states within EU territory

Overview

Secessionist movements defending independence and self-determination have begun to emerge across the European continent The Scottish people are scheduled to vote on their independence from the United Kingdom in 2014 Their argu-ment for this vote is founded on the assumption that the British parliament is underrepresenting the region in domestic politics Another separatist movement is that of Catalonia in Spain The people of Catalonia maintain that the Spanish have suppressed their culture since the times of Francorsquos reign The Flemish of Belgium yet another example of se-cession movement has received media attention as Belgium is essentially partitioned into North and South tensions between the two have become increasingly clear

The emergence of these movements is fuelled by economic resentment wealthier regions are eager to shake off less wealthy regions of the country The former contend that tax revenue is invested in developing regions that struggle finan-cially rather than being invested into the equitable development of wealthier regions Should financial resentment be the main argumentation for such a secessionist movement are there alternatives to solving these conflicts without resorting to popular votes on independence and potential secession Would a potential independence allow these regions to be-come economically stable European Union EU subsidies provided to struggling regions would allow for a more equitable development of both wealthy and poor regions however tensions regarding regional independence are oftentimes rooted in deeper conflicts stemming from history and cultural differences

Recent events regarding the aforementioned secessionist movements such as the demonstrations in Spain concerning the Catalan independence have placed this debate on the EU policy-making agenda Should regions seeking autonomy be allowed to form sovereign states within EU territory Secessionist movements maintain that the EU will continue to provide them with support should they be successful in their independence endeavours

The viewpoint of the EU is quite different from that of these secession movements The lack of specific legal guidelines for centralised action in case of secession does not allow for a clear stance on the matter this is a legal grey-area Should new-born sovereign regions that were formerly part of an EU Member State be automatically granted EU mem-bership Recent comments from high-ranking EU officials such as the EU commissioner Joaquiacuten Almunia suggest that perhaps it is not and that all nations including ones annexed from other Member States would have to re-apply for membership This could be a straining process for the potentially autonomous regions Another important question aris-ing from this debate relates to whether the EU should have a common policy towards all secession movements or if every case is to be dealt with in a situational context Regardless of the EUrsquos ability to politically and legally sustain secessionist movements such a precedent might allow for wider policy-room and foster further movements in numerous regions that are currently struggling because of centralised domestic policy That could potentially lead to a domino effect in seces-sionist movement which would definitely add to the already rather volatile political environment of the Union Political conflicts relating to secession are evident throughout the European continent Kosovorsquos struggle for independence and autonomy has been widely covered by international media Cyprus Greece Romania Slovakia and Spain refuse to recog-nise Kosovorsquos independence fearing that such recognition will encourage separatist movements in their own countries

Should the EU allow for such debates and if yes to what extent can the EU provide legal and political legitimacy to seces-sionist movements Should regions be granted autonomy what should be the conditions allowing for such a decision and how can these regions remain integrated in the EU With fears of a widespread domino-effect of separatist movements


should the EU take legal initiative to strike down such efforts for regional self-determination and sovereignty

Keywords

Secession EU Membership regional separatism sovereign state legal jurisdiction national (regional) self-determina-tion EU membership conditions


Europe Stretched at the seams ndash The Financial Times

Secessionist Movements in Europe ndash New Europe Online

Towards a plausible EU response to breakaway regions ndash EU Observer

Almunia Says Catalonia Would Need to Leave EU if it Secedes From Spain ndash The Wall Street Journal

UK Warns Scotland on Breakaway ndash The Wall Street Journal

Across Europe leaders fear spectre of separatists breaking countries apart ndash The Guardian

Analysis Europersquos separatists gain ground in crisis - Reuters

All eyes on Antwerp when it comes to Flemish independence ndash Euronews Brussels Bureau

Catalan independence support seen rising - Euronews

Cataloniarsquos parliament adopts declaration of sovereignty - Euronews




Building the periphery mechanisms such as the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund play an important role in developing the peripheral areas of Europe but they are also costly Keeping in mind that metropolitan areas are the primary motors of growth how should the EU best support its peripheral areas to suit the needs of their population

Overview

The Cohesion Policy officially the Regional Policy of the European Union improves the economic well-being of regions inthe EU whilst trying to reduce regional differences This policy aims to remove economic social and territorial disparitiesacross the EU restructure weakening industrial areas and diversify rural areas especially those with declining agricul-tural activities The Regional Policy of the EU is geared to make regions more competitive fostering economic growth andcreating new jobs The policy also has a role to play in wider challenges for the future including climate change energysupply and globalisation

The Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund are the financial instruments of the Regional Policy The Structural Fundsare divided to two different funds The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is currently the largest It providessupport for the creation of infrastructure and productive job-creating investment mainly for businesses The EuropeanSocial Fund (ESF) contributes to the integration into working life of the unemployed and disadvantaged sections of thepopulation mainly by funding training measures The Cohesion Fund contributes in the field of environment and Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T) For the period 2007-2013 the budget allocated to regional policy amounts toaround 348 billion comprising 278 billion for the Structural Funds and 70 billion for the Cohesion Fund This representsaround 36 of the EU Community budget and is the second largest budget item All cohesion policy programmes are cofinancedby the member countries bringing total available funding to almost 700 billion

There are three main aims of the Regional Policy of the European Union The most important and the costliest partis convergence 815 of regional policy funding is being spent in order to meet the costs of building the lacking infra-structure modernising the water treatment facilities building highways or improving access to high-speed Internetconnections This objective covers the poorest regions of Europe whose GDP per capita is less than 75 of EU averageThis basically covers nearly all of the regions of what is formally known as the Fifth Enlargement1 and also includesregions in East Germany Southern Italy Greece Portugal and Spain The second objective is to create jobs by increasingregional competitiveness 16 of the funds are being spent for this cause and possible sub-projects include supportingresearch centres universities and small businesses Third and financially the least important objective is the EuropeanTerritorial Cooperation The main aim of this development programme is to reduce the importance of borders within EUthus improve the cooperation between member states

Having indicated that the regional development funding is covering the one third of the whole EU budget it comes asno surprise that there are loads of criticism towards how the system works One of the major complaints comes fromGermany Europersquos strongest economy claims it is unfair when a Member State receives funds for regional developmentbecause it failed to correct effects of macroeconomic imbalances Therefore they ask for an amendment which allowsthe Commission to suspend such countriesrsquo regional payments Another important criticism is about the complexity ofthe bureaucratic structure of the Regional Policy and the Funds

Regional representatives claim that managing the EU funds is very hard In each Member State national governmentsand local administrations have different stages of decision-making power and laws These differences lead the maldis-tribution of funds Although there are proposals to simplify the structure it is not easy in practice again because of thevarying legislations


Besides the huge economic impact of its funds regional development also affects the lives of the people living in periph-eryDue to the rapid urbanisation there are lots of job opportunities in cities On the other hand without enough supportperipheral areas lack these opportunities thus lead to an obligatory migration for many As assuring the well-being of itscitizens is one of the duties of the EU the necessary support needs to be delivered to peripheral areas The question isnow what form this support should have

Having ambitious key targets for 2020 how should the EU improve the prosperity of their citizens living in peripheralareas while improving its budget strategy for Regional Development between 2014-2020

Keywords

Peripheral areas the Regional Policy of the European Union the Structural Funds Cohesion Fund


A detailed explanation of the Regional Policy of the EU

Legislative proposals for the Cohesion Funds (2014-2020)

Key statistics on the Cohesion Funding

An article about the effect of Regional Policy on economic crisis

An article about the necessity of the EU Regional Policy

An article about the proposal for the simplification of the cohesion policy




In the aftermath of the NSA spying scandal it has become clear that large-scale electronic surveillance is a globalphenomenon How should the EU and its Member States respond to the threat foreign surveillance poses to informa-tion security of European organisations and citizens

Overview

The National Security Agency (NSA) the most prominent intelligence agency in the United States has been perform-ing intelligence-gathering ever since the Cold War era with the help of data mining surveillance programmes such as ECHELON1 and more recently PRISM2 PRISM was launched in 2007 and it was internationally exposed in June 2013 when former NSA employee Edward Snowden handed out some top secret documents to The Washington Post3 and The Guardian4 According to these documents technology companies such as Microsoft Yahoo Google Facebook and oth-ers participate in the programme and therefore the NSA is able to collect and store any private electronic data

The NSArsquos equivalent intelligence agency in Britain the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)5 has also perpetrated on collecting data from a transatlantic cable including telephone and online traffic with a programme called Tempora6 Snowden has claimed that the data gathered is shared with NSA7 The documents show that various coun-tries around the world have been spied on by the so-called ldquoFive Eyesrdquo alliance of USA UK Canada Australia and New Zealand8

Furthermore the German magazine Der Spiegel made Europe tremble by revealing that NSA had not only spied on Eu-ropean citizens but also the European Unionrsquos (EU) offices both in Washington and in Brussels EUrsquos computer networks were infiltrated and conference rooms were wiretapped The disclosed NSA documents call Europeans as a ldquolocation targetrdquo9 The scandal has raised discussion on whether the talks over Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Area between EU and the US should be suspended10

Yet the intelligence agencies are not the only perpetrators of illegal personal data collection To a large extent we make the access to our own data much easier ourselves by using social networks and certain devices For example Facebook the largest social network with over 900 million users has faced widespread criticism regarding its privacy policy11 Nevertheless the Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said that ldquoNSArsquos vast data collection practices have made users less likely to trust Facebookrdquo and urged the US government to let his company be more transparent about what information it provides to it12

Not only social networks but also the devices we use to access them are vulnerable to third-party data collection As revealed recently the NSA is capable of accessing user data from major manufacturers including Apple Android as well

1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program

3 The Washington Post

4 The Guardian

5 The GCHQrsquos official website

6 Tempora programme 7

7 The GCHQrsquos role in the case

8 The intelligence agencies of the Five Eyes alliance

9 NSA spied on EU offices

10 TAFTA Agreement in danger

11 Facebook faces criticism on privacy change

12 Facebookrsquos Zuckenberg says US spying hurt usersrsquo trust


as Blackberry devices13 Another case worth mentioning is Applersquos recent engagement in biometric technology incor-porating fingerprint scanners into their iPhones which has raised vast privacy concerns14 Mass surveillance would be intensified in case of leakage of such data to the intelligence agencies15

The European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)16 which was established in 2004 is in charge of the improvement of network and information security (NIS) ENISA is helping the European Commission the Member States the private sector and European citizens to address and prevent NIS problems For example in 2012 it launched a cam-paign called the European Cyber Security Month (ECSM)17 and it is expected to be further developed this year by involving more countries The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS)18 is devoted to the protection of privacy and personal data processed by EU institutions It provides advice on policies and legislation concerning privacy In the case of EU citi-zensrsquo privacy infringement the EDPS ldquocan order the institution or body concerned to correct block erase or destroy any of your personal data that has been unlawfully processedrdquo 19

Where does our right to privacy protection stand and how can it be upheld Is fear of security breach enough of a justifi-cation for such surveillance How should the EU act so that national security protection and citizensrsquo privacy are equally maintained How far can governments reach in security infringement concerns

Keywords

NSA GCHQ intelligence agency mass surveillance disclosureexposurerevelation PRISM privacy breaches Network and Information Security (NIS)


Digital Agenda for Europe ndash A Europe 2020 Initiative Newsroom and Recommended Reading

Commission Proposal for a Directive concerning measures to ensure a high common level of network and information security across the Union ndash European Commission 20130027 (COD)

European Commission Demands Answers about Prism Data Request - BBC

NSA spied on European Union offices ndash Der Spiegel

Europe Aims to Regulate the Cloud ndash The New York Times

13 NSA can spy on smart phone data

14 About iPhonersquos fingerprint sensor and Applersquos use of biometric technology


16 The official page of ENISA

17 The official page of ECSM

18 The official page of EDPS

19 The EDPS

Tampere 2013 ndash Regional Session of EYP Finland is supported by

European Youth Parliament Finland has received funding from the Ministry of Education and Culture and

the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 2013

European Youth Parliament Finland ndash EYP-Finland ry

Uudenmaankatu 15 A 5 00120 Helsinki

httpwwweypfinlandorg

eypeypfinlandorg

Rantatien Oumlljykeskus


Welcome words

Dear delegates

Dear participants of the Regional Selection Conference of EYP Finland in Tampere

with the Regional Session in Tampere fast approaching the chairs-team is now delighted to present you the academic preparation kit for the topics that you will be discussing throughout the session All chairpersons worked on producing a highly academic result which you will use in order to inform yourselves on your assigned topics I advise you all to not only pay attention to the overview of the topic you have been assigned to but also take all overviews into consideration as they will help you have a better grasp of all aspects of EU politics that the sessionrsquos academic spectrum encompasses

The overviews will provide you with a general picture of the current status of the respective aspects of the topics and the sources provided to you for further research (links) will allow you to further expand the pool of information you will gather for each specific topic The chairpersons have put effort in reviewing the status quo for each topic but it is up to you individually to expand your research based on the proposed links I strongly urge all of you to put effort in collecting information on your own accord

Moreover within this prep kit you will find an introductory page with proposed links for videos that will help you under-stand the fundamentals of EU better I advise you to take the time and watch those videos They will provide you with more perspective on official EU institutions decision-making procedures and balance of bargaining power at the EU level

I am looking forward to meeting you all in Tampere this coming November and I assure you that the chairs-team will do its best to facilitate you throughout the session

Dimitris ZachariasPresidentTampere 2013

---

European Youth Parliament (EYP)

The European Youth Parliament represents a non-partisan and independent educational project which is tailored specifi-cally to the needs of the young European citizen European Youth Parliament Finland established in 2011 is the National Committee of the EYP in Finland

The EYP encourages independent thinking and initiative in young people and facilitates the learning of crucial social and professional skills Since its inauguration many tens of thousands of young people have taken part in Regional National and International Sessions formed friendships and made international contacts across and beyond borders The EYP has thus made a vital contribution towards uniting Europe

Today the EYP is one of the largest European platforms for political debate intercultural encounters political educational work and the exchange of ideas among young people in Europe The EYP consists of a network of 36 European associa-tions in which thousands of young people are active in a voluntary capacity

The EYP is a programme of the Schwarzkopf Foundation


European Union (EU)





































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7 Right2Water






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cial Dictionary



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7 Supply of Uranium






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2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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eypeypfinlandorg



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2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






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1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg








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7 Right2Water






Overview


















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base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






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Overview








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1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg



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7 Right2Water






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base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






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1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg
















Overview















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7 Right2Water






Overview


















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cial Dictionary



base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview









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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview















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7 Right2Water






Overview


















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cial Dictionary



base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg





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7 Right2Water






Overview


















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cial Dictionary



base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview


















Keywords

















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cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













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19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg





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cial Dictionary



base



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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






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Overview








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Overview









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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview

















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Overview












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cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















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3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview









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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg





Keywords

















Overview












Keywords















Overview









cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








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Overview









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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview












Keywords















Overview









cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









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Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg




Keywords















Overview









cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview









cial Dictionary



base



Keywords















Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg




Keywords















Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview












3 ENSREG




7 Supply of Uranium






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Keywords
















Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview








Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg




Keywords

















Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview









Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg





Keywords













Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Overview






1 ECHELON program

2 PRISM program


4 The Guardian













Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg






Keywords














19 The EDPS







eypeypfinlandorg








eypeypfinlandorg


Documents

Tampere 2013 – Preparation Kit for Delegates