TAKS Review Part 3

The Great Depression

and

The New Deal

Causes of the Great Depression

• Buying on credit• Playing the Stock

Market• Stock Market Crash of

1929• Banking Crisis• Global Depression• Income Gap and

Consumer Debt– House foreclosure– Lack of buying power

Effects of the Great Depression• Massive

Unemployment – 25% of the workforce

• Hunger – birth of massive soup kitchens

• Homelessness – The Great Migration (people used their cars as homes)

• The Dust Bowl• Home-foreclosure and

Banks closing

Bonus Army• This was when 43,000

marchers — 17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups, who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932. Called the Bonus March by the news media, the Bonus Marchers were more popularly known as the Bonus Army.

• The veterans were encouraged in their demand for immediate cash-payment redemption of their service

Herbert Hoover Impact

• He refused to give direct government aid

• Encouraged voluntarism

• Believed that private charities and aid could solve the Depression

Reconstruction Finance Corporation• an independent agency

of the United States government chartered during the administration of Herbert Hoover in 1932

• Gave 2 billion dollars in taxpayers money to local and state governments – Meant to give loans to

businesses such as banks, railroads, and farm mortgage companies

New Deal Agencies

• The New Deal is the set of programs proposed underneath President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

• These included the FDIC, CCC, TVA, SEC, Social Security, and over 30 other programs

• Programs were created from 1933 to 1936

FDIC• Federal Deposit

Insurance Act

• Created by the government to insure banks

• Original rate was $2,500 insurance

• Now set at $250,000 dollars insurance

• If the bank fails, the FDIC will pay you up to the amount of insurance

Civilian Conservation Corps

• Employed 3 million young men between the ages of 18 to 25

• Lasted from 1933 to 1942

• Vocational training in farming, conservation of forests, planting, protecting beaches and protecting the environment

TVA Tennessee Valley

Authorities Designed to a rural 7

state region scarred by flooding and deforestation.

New dams built. Electricity provided. Combated malaria,

illiteracy, and soil erosion.

Provided jobs for regional residents.

SEC

• Securities and Exchange Commission

• Regulates the stock market

• Enforces laws protecting investors

• Put in place to try to keep another stock market crash from happening

Stock Market Regulator

Wagner Act

• Also know as the National Labor Relations Act

• limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector that create labor unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

• Created in 1935 – not well liked

John Steinbeck

• John Steinbeck was a writer who wrote several novels during the 1930’s.

• His novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was critically acclaimed for depicting the life of migrant workers, that of the ‘Okies’ and ‘Arkies’ as they struggled to create a better life out west after the Dust Bowl.

FDR Opposition• FDR faced opposition

several times• He tried to make the

Supreme Court have an age limit on the justices or to add more justices when several of the New Deal Acts were found unconstitutional (This did not pass)

• Too much executive power

• Many critics said programs were communist or spent too much money

Frances Perkins

• First woman appointed as a US cabinet member

• She was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosvelt

• She was the Secretary of Labor

• Held that position from 1933 to 1945

• Championed causes such as the CCC and unemployment benefits created in Social Security

First 100 Days of FDR

• FDR went into office with the support of the people

• He closed banks down until he could pass legislation to help stablize the banks

• He got Congress to pass every piece of legislation he proposed (some were later repealed) and they also passed things such as the FDIC which he opposed.