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TAKE IT TO THE NTH
Technology Foundations forDigital Libraries
Evolution of Digital Libraries
1st Generation:Development ofonline catalogs● MARC standard● ILS systems● Cataloging cooperatives
2nd Generation:Experimentation● Remote access to catalogs● Abstract/indexing services● Electronic journals● Internet use● Technologies●"Skunk works" organizations
3rd Generation:
Institutionalization●Integration of digitalmaterial into library collections●Search for standards●Benchmark practices●Modular architectures●Large collection mgmt.●User focus●Integration with library organization
Source: Next Generation Digital Libraries, Daniel Greenstein, 2002.
Gateway to remote catalogs &
digital content
21st Century Academic Library Technology
● Authentication & authorization● Rights management● Personalization● Discovery● Workroom
Library Portal
Access to local catalogs &
digital content
Interface to othercampus learning& administrative
systems
Digital Library Planning Considerations
Content●eJournals●eBooks●Web resources●Databases●Text/image/audio/video
Applications●Digitization●Multimedia management●Rights management●Searching & linking●Portals●Preservation
Platform●Servers●Storage●Operating Environment●Infrastructure●Browsers●Java
Technology Issues●7x24 availability●Ability to scale withgrowth of digitalcollections●Integration withother campus systems
DigitalLibraryProject
s
Why Sun for Digital Libraries?
✔ Outstanding platform availability and scalability✔ Enterprise-wide infrastructure✔ Best-of-breed digital library solutions✔ Library industry specialization
"We added five new Sun servers this year...we have purchased Sun products whenever we had a choice." – H. Thomas Hickerson, Associate UniversityLibrarian for Information Technologies, Cornell University
Platform Availability
Highly AvailableServers & Storage
✔ Servers and storage designed for hardware failure prevention, fast recovery, and easy serviceability as well as performance.
Robust Software
✔ Operating system and network management software that isolates faults, protects data, and supports hardware availability features.
Mission CriticalServices
✔ 7x24 support for enterprise-wide network computing environments.
Proven Solutions
✔ Collaboration with key third-party vendors.
"It's just amazing, our Sun servers never stop. There is no scheduled down time."– John Sack, Associate Publisher of HighWire Press, Stanford University
"Sun Remote Services provides remote monitoring of the Sun servers on our network, in order to detect problems at the earliest possible stage."– Ray Norton, Technical Services Manager, National Library of New Zealand
Platform Scalability
"We have used Sun servers for a long time...We knew that a UNIX-based system – in particular the Solaris Operating Environment-based Sun system – would scale extremely well" – Ira Fuchs, VP for IT Research, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commenting on JSTOR.
✔ A single binary-compatible product family
✔ Extends from servers that cost less than a PC to heavy-duty systems that rival mainframes in uptime and far exceed them in performance.
✔ System memory bandwidth seamlesly scales with the number of processors, maintaining a near-linear increase in compute power
Digital Library Portals
"The teaching and learning environment is moving towards Web-based support and a significant portion of our collection is now electronic. We needed a gateway to theworld..." – Frances Groen, Director of Libraries, McGill University
● Portals present unified views into disparate information sources and tools
● The portal framework provides key enabling technologies--such as security, access policy management, and personalization.
● Academic libraries often have a portal providing access to all library resources and services.
● Some organizations are integrating the library functions into a broader campus portal.
Integrated Campus IT Architecture
CO
NT
EX
T
Messaging, Commerce and Middleware Services
Application Infrastructure Components
Networking and Computing Infrastructure
Distance Learning Alumni E-Business Fundraising
Lifetime Learning Faculty Publication
Student Self Service Research Syndication
Directory Workflow Calendar Mail Authentication
Data Translation Services (XML, EDI) Cross-Platform Interoperable Services (J2EE)
Single Sign-on Integrated Access Personalized Mobile Privacy
Enterprise Information Portal
Learning &Library Databases
Administration Applications
Mgmt Informationand Reporting Tools
Legacy Transactors D
AR
TS
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VIC
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IN
TE
RF
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Service Integration and Directory Layer
Servers, Databases, Storage, Routers, Wi-Fi and Internet2 Switches
Commercial Digital Library Solutions● Artesia: "TEAMS" ● Endeavor: "ENCompasss" ● Ex Libris: "DigiTool"● Luna Imaging: "Insight"● MuseGlobal: "MuseSearch"● SIRSI: "Hyperion Digital Media Archive"● VTLS: "Visual MIS Multimedia & Imaging Solutions"
Sun showcase: Stanford
Sun showcase: Cornell
Identity & Rights Management
● Generally required by subscription-based resource licensing agreements
● Required to protect local collections (e.g., high resolution images of artwork)
● Authorization mechanisms can also enhance library services– personalization features– links to course-specific materials
● Ideally integrated with campus-wide identification/authorization processes
Searching and Linking Technologies for Enhanced Resource Discovery
Broadcast Search● Simultaneous search of
multiple sources● OPAC, other catalogs,
internet search engines, databases
● Consolidated search results with de-duping, filtering, sorting, etc.
Linking● Search results or
bibliographic record is starting point
• Based on proposed OpenURL standard (NISO)
● Users can "click through" to locate additional related resources
University of California, Berkeley
● The Berkeley Sun SITE builds digital collections and services, provides information and support to digital library developers worldwide
● NSF Digital Library Initiative Phase 1 Geographic Information Systems project
● NSF Digital Library Initiative Phase 2 Project: "Re-inventing Scholarly Information Dissemination and Use" – enabling technologies– content management– access system– preservation repository
● Four focus areas: making journals available electronically, digitization of unique holdings, electronic publishing of scholarly communication, and creation of digital archives.
● In 1998, developed gateway to 21 Cornell libraries, digital collections, and more than 16,000 e-Journals
● One of the world's largest digitization programs.– 900,000 pages, full-text searchable in "Making of America" collection
of 19th century literature● Development partner with Endeavor Information Systems for
ENCompass, and a Sun Center of Excellence for digital libraries.● Goal is to ensure workable, cost-effective commercial solutions.
– Cornell believes vendors can dedicate more resources
● $12 million Library Digital Initiative began four years ago to build a common infrastructure for Harvard's more than 100 libraries.
● Focus was to incent participation and standardization.
● Not R&D, objective is to establish stable production environment
– technical infrastructure– services and consulting– address policy issues– internal grants for adding to digital collections
● Oracle-based repository for all types of objects– includes responsibility for preservation and migration
● Multi-catalog searching and access
●Began as Andrew F. Mellon Foundation project with University of Michigan and Princeton University.
●Back issues of paper journals converted into electronic formats.– savings in space– improved access to journal content– solution to preservation problems associated with storing paper
volumes • 169 journals, 1,100 user institutions worldwide• Delivers page images to users for efficiency and accuracy, full-
text searchable.• With over 5 million requests/month, high availability and
reliability are critical.
● One of the largest private universities in the U.S.● Main library and 14 smaller libraries
– circulating collection of 2.5 million volumes● In process of implementing all Ex Libris library
products● Sun/iPlanet infrastructure
● Extensive image and audio collections for performing arts and music libraries
● Designated by Ex Libris as Premier Partner for Ex Libris "DigiTool" product– first beta site
● Emphasis on use of off-the-shelf products and accepted standards from NISO, NIST
HighWire Press● Online publishing of scholarly
journals; goal was to provide common technology infrastructure.
● Not simply electronic images of printed pages; includes links among authors, articles and citations, advanced searching capabilities, high-resolution images, multimedia, and interactivity.
● The largest archive of free life science articles in the world; full text provided for 323 leading journals in science and medicine.
Stanford Digital Repository● Using TEAMS multimedia
management software from Artesia Technologies to build massive digital repository.
● Utilizing METS standard for object management.
● Includes Java-based rights management and charging mechanisms, Kerberos certificates.
● Insight software from Luna Imaging for high resolution images. Will also include video associated with coursework.
Sun's Library Focus
• Gold Sponsor, International Federation of Library Associations• Member, American Library Association• Member, Coalition for Networked Information• Member, National Information Standards Organization• Involved in all NSF Digital Library Initiative Phase 1 projects• Sun Labs support of Stanford/NSF permanent publishing
initiative LOCKSS• Berkeley/UNAM library SunSites
Digital Library Futures
● Best practices for digitization, rights management will emerge.
● Agreed-upon standards and interfaces will be incorporated into commercial products.
● Cooperative solutions for preservation will appear. ● Digital libraries will be seamlessly integrated with
learning management systems and other campus systems.