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Tài Liệu Tiêng Pháp Débutant
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August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
1
Bi 1 bng ch ci ting Php Bng ch ci ting Php gm 26 ch ci trong hai ch ci kh pht m nht l Q v U.
A [a]A [a] nh ch A
B [be]B [be] nh B => phin m gm [b] - m B v [e] - m
C [se]C [se] nh X => phin m gm [s] - m X v [e] - m
D [de]D [de] nh => phin m gm [d] - m v [e] - m
E []E [] v F [f] => Vui lng xem tab Nguyn m trung (Les voyelles moyennes)
F [f]E [] v F [f] => Vui lng xem tab Nguyn m trung (Les voyelles moyennes)
G [e]G [e] gn ging GI (khng c m tng ng hon ton trong ting Vit), phin m gm [] v [e] - m
H [a]H [a] khng c m tng ng
I [i]I [i] nh I
J [i]J [i] phin m gm [] (nh [] trong [e] - G) v [i] - m I
K [ka]K [ka] nh CA => phin m gm [k] C v [a] - m A
L [l]L [l] nh EN L => phin m gm [] m E v [l] - m L, [l] c ni nh EN L
M [m]L [l] nh EM M => phin m gm [] m E v [M] - m M, [m] c ni nh EM M
N [n]L [l] nh EN N => phin m gm [] m E v [N] - m N, [m] c ni nh EN N
O [o]O [o] nh
P [pe]P [pe] nh P => m [p] pht m ging [b] nhng m c bt hi ra. Ting Vit khng c m
ging hon ton
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
2
Q [ky]Q [ky] gm m [k] nh C v [y] trong k t U [y]. bit cch c phin m [y] vui lng xem tab Nguyn m /i/ /y/ /u/ (Les voyelles /i/ /y/ /u/).
R [r]R [r] nh E R gm [] - E v [r] - R Ring m [r] pht m hi c bit, vui lng xem tab ph m R (La consonne /R/)
S [s]S [s] gm [] nh E v [s] nh X => tuy nhin khi ni li ta khng pht m r ch X
T [te]T [te] nh T => [t] -> T
U [y]U gm m [y]. bit cch c phin m [y] vui lng xem tab Nguyn m /i/ /y/ /u/ (Les voyelles /i/ /y/ /u/)
V [ve]V [ve] nh V => [v] -> V
W [dublve]W [dublve] nh P B L V => [d] + [u] + [b]+ [l] + [ve] trong o [] c nh nh
X [iks]X [iks] nh X ting Vit => ik = c + m s pha sau
Y [igrk]Y [igrk] nh I g RC C => k = c c (m c c nh)
Z [zd]Z [zd] nh Z ting Vit + = Zt
Bi 2: Cho hi bng ting Php: Bonjour, Bonsoir, Salut T vng ting Php T Ngha
formelle cch c /fml/
tnh t ging ci hnh thc, chnh thc, r rng, dt khot
formel = formelle
informelle cch c /fml / /
tnh t khng chnh thc, thn mt
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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ging ci
informel = informelle
bonjour cch c /bu / danh t Xin cho (khi gp nhau ban ngy)
salut cch c /saly/ thn t
Xin cho (thn mt, dng cho c ban ngy v ti)
bonsoir cch c /bswa / danh t Xin cho (khi gp nhau vo bui ti)
madame cch c /madam/
danh t ging ci b, phu nhn
mesdames cch c /medam/
danh t ging ci b, phu nhn (s nhiu)
monsieur cch c /msj/
danh t ging c ng, ngi, ng ch
messieurs cch c /mesj/
danh t ging c ng, ngi, ng ch (s nhiu)
mademoiselle cch c /madmwazl /
danh t ging ci c, tiu th
mesdemoiselles cch c /medmwazl/
danh t ging ci s nhiu ca mademoiselle
Ng php ting php: Cu trc cu cho hi bng ting Php Cho theo nghi thc (khi gp nhau ln u, cho trnh trng)
(1) Bonjour (Bonsoir) + Madame / mesdames / Monsieur / messieurs
(2) Bonjour (Bonsoir) +
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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Mademoiselle / Mesdemoiselles
(3) Bonjour (Bonsoir) + Tn ngi
Cho thn mt (dnh cho bn b, ngi thn) Salut + Tn ngi
***
Bi 3: Hi thm sc khe ting bng Php: Comment allez-vous? T vng ting Php Cc t mi trong bi c lit k bng di:
T Ngha
comment cch c /km/ trng t th no, lm sao, ti sao
vous cch c /vu/ i t bn, anh, ch, cc bn, cc anh, cc ch (i t ngi 2 s t ln s nhiu)
aller cch c /ale/ ni ng t i, c sc khe (tt, xu)
a cch c /sa/ i t ci y
va cch c /va/ ni ng t ging aller
bien cch c /bj/ trng t tt, hay, gii, ng, nhiu
tu cch c /ty/ i t bn, cu, anh ch (i t ngi th hai s t)
et cch c /e/ lin t V
et vous? cn bn th sao?
merci cch c /msi/ danh t Li cm n
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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ging c
trs cch c /t/ trng t rt, lm, ht sc
assez cch c /ase/ trng t hi, kh,
comme cch c /km/
trng t, lin t nh, nh l, v, khi, trong lc
ci cch c /si/ trng t ny, y, y
vas cch c /va/ ng t = aller
vais cch c /v/ ng t = aller
toi - cch c /twa/ danh t bn, cu, anh, ch
Hi p hi thm sc khe bng ting Php Cch ni formelle
Hi Comment allez-vous?
Comment a va?
Vous allez bien?
p a va (bien) + merci.
a va (bien) + Et vous?
Je vais bien + merci.
Je vais bien + Et vous?
Pas mal + merci.
Pas mal + Et vous?
Cch ni informelle
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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Hi Comment vas-tu?
Tu vas bien?
a va?
p a va (bien) + merci.
a va (bien) + Et vous?
a va (bien) + Et toi?
Je vais bien + merci.
Je vais bien + Et vous?
Je vais bien + Et toi?
Pas mal + merci.
Pas mal + Et vous?
Pas mal + Et toi?
Bi 4: Cho tm bit trong ting Php Au revoir; salut, ciao, bye, bye bye, Cho tm bit trong ting Php: Au revoir; ciao, bye, bye bye, salut, tout de suite, tout lheure, plus tard, ce soir, bientt,
T vng ting Php
T Ngha
revoir cch c /vwa/ ngoi ng t gp li, xem li, thy li, tr v
danh t ging c s gp li
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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au revoir Tm bit
ciao cch c /tao/ thn t Tm bit (informelle)
bye, bye bye /bai/ thn t Tm bit (informelle)
demain (Mai gp li nh)
a + lundi (Th hai gp li nh)
Bonne nuit! Chc ng ngon
adieu cch c /adj/ thn t vnh bit
bientt! Hn gp li! (See you soon!)
plus tard! Gp li sau nh! (See you later)
demain! Mai gp li nh!
lundi! Th hai gp li nh!
la semaine prochaine! Tun sau gp li nh!
Bonne journe! Chc ngy mi tt lnh!
Bon aprs-midi! Chc bui chiu vui v!
Bonne soire! (Bonsoir!) Chc bui ti vui v!
Merci! Cm n bn! (Thank you)
Merci beaucoup! Cm n bn rt nhiu! (Thank you very much! Thanks a lot)
Je te remercie! Ti cm n bn! (I thank you) informal
Je vous remercie! Ti cm n bn! (I thank you) formal
De rien! Cho mng bn! (You are welcome!)
Cho tm bit trong ting Php
Cch ni formelle
(1): Au revoir + monsieur / madame / mademoiselle / tn
Cch ni informelle (1): ciao, bye, bye bye
(2): Salut.
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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Tm bit hn gp li trong ngy tout de suite / a tud sit/ (Cht/ Lt gp li nh)
tout lheure / a tuta l/ Sm gp li nh see you soon (ting Anh)!
plus (tard) Gp li sau nh see you later (ting Anh)!
ce soir / Ti gp li nh
Tm bit (khng bit khi no gp li nhau)
bientt (Hm sm gp li nh)
un de ces jours (Hn gp li nh - see you later (ting Anh))
On se maile (Lin lc bng email nh)
V d
Tm bit, sm gp li nh! Salut, bientt!
Ciao, plus!
Tm bit, hn mai gp li nh. Au revoir, demain!
Tm bit, th 3 gp li nh. Salut, mardi!
Tm bit, chc cui tun vui v! Au revoir, bon week-end!
Bi 5 - Hi tn bng ting Php : Hi tn bng ting Php: Comment vous appelez vous? Comment tu tappelles? Je mappelle, Je suis, Mon prnom,
T vng ting Php
suis cch c /syi/ cch chia ca ng t tre
tre cch c /t/ ng t th, l, (tng ng ng t to be trong ting Anh)
appelez cch c /aple/ ng t cch chia ca ng t appeler
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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appeler cch c /aple/ ng t gi (con ch, taxi, gi ra ta,), gi tn (l), gi l, ku gi
Cu trc cu
Hi tn theo kiu formelle (1) Comment vous appelez-vous?
(2) Comment vous vous appelez?
(3) Vous vous appelez comment?
(4) Quel est votre nom?
Hi tn theo kiu informelle (1): Comment tappelles-tu?
(2): Comment tu tappelles?
(3): Quel est ton prnom?
(4): Cest quoi, ton prnon?
Tr li Je mappelle + H v tn.
T gii thiu tn (1): Je mappelle + Tn. (= My name is ting Anh)
(2): Je suis + Tn. (=I am trong ting Anh)
(3): Mon prnom + Tn (= My first name trong ting Anh)
(4) Mon nom = Mon nom de famille + H (=My last name trong ting Anh)
Bi 6: i t nhn xng trong ting Php: je, tu, il, elle, nous, vous i t nhn xng trong ting Php
pronom cch c /prn/
danh t ging c i t
pronom personnel cch c /prsnl/
danh t ging c i t nhn xng
sujet cch c /sy/ danh t ch ng
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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ging c
les pronoms personels sujet nhng i t nhn xng ch ng
je - cch c // i t ti (i t nhn xng ngi th nht s t)
danh t ging c ci ti
tu cch c /ty/ i t bn, anh, ch (i t nhn xng ngi th hai s t) (cch ni informal)
il cch c /il/
i t ging c
n, anh y, ng y (i t nhn xng ngi th 3, s t, ging c); tri (dng vi khng ngi tri ma, nng); dng vi khng ngi, khng dch
elle cch c /l/
i t ging ci
n, ch y, c y, b y (i t nhn xng ngi th 3 s t, ging ci)
on - cch c // i t ngi ta, chng ta (ng t theo sau chia nh ngi th 3 s t)
nous cch c /nu/ i t chng ti, chng ta (i t nhn xng ngi th nht, s nhiu)
vous cch c /vu/ i t
bn, anh, ch (i t nhn xng ngi th 2 s t cch ni formal), cc bn, cc anh, cc ch (i t nhn xng ngi th hai s nhiu)
ils cch c /il/ i t
h (c dng cho c trng hp c c nam v n), chng n, cc anh y, cc ng y (i t nhn xng ngi th 3 s nhiu ging c). Ch m s cm.
elles cch c /l/ i t
h, chng n, cc ch y, cc c y, cc b y (i t nhn xng ngi th 3, s nhiu, ging ci). Ch m s cm.
Bi 7: Cc ch s trong ting Php v s m: zro, un, deux, cent
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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S m trong ting Php
T vng ngha
chiffre cch c /ifr/
danh t ging c ch s
nombre - cch c /nb /
danh t ging c s
les chiffres et les nombres de zro vingt cc ch s v s t 0 n 20
de t n
zro cch c /zeRo/
danh t ging c khng, s khng, im khng
un cch c //
danh t ging c mt
tnh t mt, nht, duy nht
deux cch c /d/
danh t ging c hai, s hai, mng 2
tnh t hai, th hai (v d: tp 2)
trois cch c /tRwa/ danh t ba, s ba, mng ba
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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ging c
tnh t ba, th ba
quatre cch c /katR/
danh t ging c bn, s bn, mng bn
tnh t bn, th t
cinq cch c /sk /
danh t ging c nm, s nm, mng nm
tnh t nm, th nm
six cch c /sis/
danh t ging c su, s su, mng su
tnh t su, th su
sept cch c /st/
danh t ging c by, s by, mng by
tnh t by, th by
huit cch c /i(t)/
danh t ging c tm, s tm, mng tm
tnh t tm, th tm
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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neuf cch c /nf/
danh t ging c chnh, s chn, mng chn
tnh t chn, th chn, mi
dix cch c /dis/
danh t ging c mi, s mi, mng mi
tnh t mi, th mi
onze cch c /z /
danh t ging c mi mt, s mi mt, ngy mi mt
tnh t mi mt, th mi mt, i bng
douze cch c /duz/
danh t ging c mi hai, s mi hai, ngy mi hai
tnh t mi hai, th mi hai
treize cch c /tz/
danh t ging c mi ba, s mi ba, ngy mi ba
tnh t mi ba, th mi ba
quatorze cch c /katoRz/
danh t ging c mi bn, s mi bn, ngy mi bn
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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tnh t mi bn, th mi bn
quinze cch c /kz /
danh t ging c mi nm, s mi nm, ngy mi nm
tnh t mi nm, th mi nm
seize cch c /sz/
danh t ging c mi su, s mi su, ngy mi su
tnh t mi su, th mi su
dix-sept cch c /di(s)st/
danh t ging c mi by, s mi by, ngy mi by
tnh t mi by, th mi by
dix-huit cch c /dizyit/
danh t ging c mi tm, s mi tm, ngy mi tm
tnh t mi tm, th mi tm
dix-neuf cch c /diznf/
danh t ging c mi chnh, s mi chn, ngy mi chn
tnh t mi chn, th mi chn
vingt cch c /v/
danh t ging hai mi, s hai mi, ngy hai mi
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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c
tnh t hai mi, th hai mi
trente cch c /t t/
danh t ging c ba mi, s ba mi, ngy ba mi
tnh t ba mi, th ba mi
quarante - cch c /ka t/
danh t ging c bn mi, s bn mi
tnh t bn mi, th bn mi
cinquante cch c /sk t/
danh t ging c nm mi, s nm mi
tnh t nm mi, th nm mi
soixante cch c /swas t/
danh t ging c su mi, s su mi
tnh t su mi, th su mi
soixante-dix cch c /swas tdis/
danh t ging c by mi, s by mi (60+10)
tnh t by mi, th by mi
quatre-vingts cch c /katv/ danh tm mi, s tm mi (420)
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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t ging c
tnh t tm mi, th tm mi
quatre-vingt-dix cch c /katvdis /
danh t ging c chn mi, s chn mi (420+10)
tnh t chn mi, th chn mi
cent cch c /s/
danh t ging c trm, mt trm
tnh t trm, th mt trm
vingt et un //
danh t ging c 21
tnh t 21
vingt-deux //
danh t ging c 22
tnh t 22
vingt-trois //
danh t ging c 23
tnh t 23
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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vingt-quatre cch c //
danh t ging c 24
tnh t 24
vingt-cinq //
danh t ging c 25
tnh t 25
vingt-six //
danh t ging c 26
tnh t 26
vingt-sept //
danh t ging c 27
tnh t 27
vingt-huit //
danh t ging c 28
tnh t 28
vingt-neuf //
danh t ging c 29
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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tnh t 29
trente et un //
danh t ging c 31
tnh t 31
trente-deux, quarante-deux, cinquante-deux, soixante-deux, soixante-douze, quatre-vingt-deux, quatre-vingt-douze //
danh t ging c 32, 42, 52, 62, 72 (60+12), 82, 92 (80+12)
tnh t 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92
quarante et un, cinquante et un, soixante et un, soixante et onze, quatre-vingt-un, quatre-vingt-onze //
danh t ging c 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91
tnh t 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91
trente-trois, quarante-trois, cinquante-trois, soixante-trois, soixante-treize, quatre-vingt-trois, quatre-vingt-treize //
danh t ging c 33, 43, 53, 63, 73 (60+13), 83, 93 (80+13)
tnh t 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93
trente-quatre, // danh 34, 44, 54, 64, 74 (60+14), 84, 94
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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quarante-quatre, cinquante-quatre, soixante-quatre, soixante-quatorze, quatre-vingt-quatre, quatre-vingt-quatorze
t ging c
tnh t 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94
trente-cinq, quarante-cinq, cinquante-cinq, soixante-cinq, soixante-quinze, quatre-vingt-cinq, quatre-vingt-quinze //
danh t ging c 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 (60+15), 85, 95 (80+15)
tnh t 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95
trente-six, quarante-six, cinquante-six, soixante-six, soixante-seize, quatre-vingt-six, quatre-vingt-seize //
danh t ging c 36, 46, 56, 66, 76 (60+16), 86, 96 (80+16)
tnh t 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96
trente-sept, quarante-sept, cinquante-sept, soixante-sept, soixante-dix-sept, quatre-vingt-sept, quatre-vingt-dix-sept //
danh t ging c 37, 47, 57, 67, 77 (60+17), 87, 97 (80+17)
tnh t 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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trente-huit, quarante-huit, cinquante-huit, soixante-huit, soixante-dix-huit, quatre-vingt-huit, quatre-vingt-dix-huit //
danh t ging c 38, 48, 58, 68, 78 (60+18), 88, 98
tnh t 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98
trente-neuf, quarante-neuf, cinquante-neuf, soixante-neuf, soixante-dix-neuf, quatre-vingt-neuf, quatre-vingt-dix-neuf //
danh t ging c 39, 49, 59, 69, 79 (60+19), 89, 99 (80+19)
tnh t 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89, 99
cent un, cent deux, cent trois, cent quatre, //
danh t ging c 101 (khng c et), 102, 103, 104,
tnh t 101, 102, 103, 104,
deux cents, trois cents, quatre cents, //
danh t ging c 200, 300, 400, (sau cent c s)
tnh t 200, 300, 400,
deux cent un, trois cent un, quatre cent un, //
danh t ging c
201, 301, 401, (sau cent khng c s, khng c et)
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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tnh t 201, 301, 401,
deux cent deux, trois cent deux, quatre cent deux, //
danh t ging c 202, 302, 402,
tnh t 202, 302, 402,
mille cch c /mil/
danh t ging c nghn, mt nghn, dm
tnh t nghn, th mt nghn
dix mille (sau mille khng c s) //
danh t ging c 10.000
tnh t mi nghn, th mi nghn
cent mille - sau mille khng c s) //
danh t ging c 100.000
tnh t mt trm nghn, th mt trm nghn
million cch c /milj/
danh t ging c triu
un million //
danh t ging c mt triu
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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deux millions, trois millions, quatre millions //
danh t ging c hai triu, ba triu, bn triu,
un milliard cch c /milja/
danh t ging c mt t
deux millards, trois millards, quatre millards, //
danh t ging c
Bi 8: Hng dn s dng ng t sappeler trong ting Php
T vng ting Php
verbe cch c /vb/
danh t ging c ng t
verbe transitif cch c /t zitif/ ngoi ng t
verbe intransitif cch c /t zitif/ ni ng t
sappeler cch c /ap()le/ ng t tn l
Le verbe sappeler ng t sappeler
Cch chia ng t sappeler trong ting Php Je mappelle /map()l/
Tu tappelles - /tap()l/
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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Il / Elle / On sappelle - /sap()l/
Nous nous appelons - /nu zap()l/
Vous vous appeles - /zap()le/
ils, elles sappellent - /sap()l/
Bi 9a: Cch chia ng t tre trong ting Php th hin ti n
T vng ting Php
T vng Ngha
tre cch c /t/ ng t th, l, (tng ng ng t to be trong ting Anh)
indicatif cch c /dikatif/
tnh t ging c thuc thc trnh by
danh t ging c thc trnh by
indicative cch c /dikativ/
tnh t ging ci thuc thc trnh by
mode indicatif
danh t ging c li trnh by
prsent cch c /prez/
tnh t ging c hin ti, hin nay, c mt
danh t ging c hin ti, th hin ti
prsente cch c /prez t/
tnh t ging ci hin ti, hin nay, c mt
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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verbe au prsent ng t th hin ti
Le verbe tre indicatif prsent ng t tre li hin ti
Cch chia ng t tre trong ting Php
Je Je suis cch c /syi/
Tu Tu es cch c //
Il Il est cch c /il / (c ni m l sang)
Elle Elle est - cch c // (c ni m l sang)
On On est - /n /
Nous Nous sommes cch c /sm/
Vous Vous tes cch c /t/, c ni m /vuzt/
Ils Ils sont cch c /s/
Elles Elles sont
Cch chia ng t tre th hin ti
th hin ti ng t tre c chia tng ng vi cc ngi Je; Tu; Il, elle, on; Nous; Vous; Ils, elles ln lt l: suis, es, est, sommes, tes, sont
Bi 9b: Cch s dng ng t tre trong ting Php
Cch s dng ng t tre trong ting Php: ng t tre c dng gii thiu tn, ngh nghip, quc tch, ni , v dng kt hp vi tnh t.
* Ta bt buc phi ni vn gia i t v ng t (khi ng t bt u bng nguyn m)
V d: vous tes (m s /z/ ca vous c c ni sang) On est (m n ca on c c ni sang) T vng ting Php
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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nom cch c /n/
danh t ging c tn, danh t
mtier cch c /metje/
danh t ging c ngh, ngh nghip
nationalit cch c /nasjnalite/
danh t ging ci dn tc, quc tch
lieu cch c /lj/
danh t ging c ni, ch, lc
adjectif cch c /adktif/
danh t ging c tnh t
franais cch c /fr s/
danh t ging c ngi Php, ting Php
tnh t ging c Php
Franaise /fr sz/
danh t ging ci ngi Php
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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tnh t ging ci Php
italien cch c /italj/
danh t ging c ngi , ting
tnh t ging c
Italienne /italjn/
danh t ging ci ngi
tnh t ging ci
anglais cch c /gl/
danh t ging c ngi Anh, ting Anh
tnh t ging c Anh
Anglaise /glz/
danh t ging ci ngi Anh
tnh t ging Anh
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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ci
allemand cch c /alm/
danh t ging c ngi c, ting c
tnh t ging c c
Allemande /alm d/
danh t ging ci ngi c
tnh t ging ci c
grec cch c /grk/
danh t ging c ngi Hy Lp, ting Hy Lp
tnh t ging c Hy Lp
Grecque /grk/
danh t ging ci ngi Hy Lp
tnh t ging ci Hy Lp
japonais cch c /apn/ danh ngi Nht, ting Nht
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t ging c
tnh t ging c Nht Bn
Japonaise /apnz/
danh t ging ci ngi Nht
tnh t ging ci Nht Bn
brsilien cch c /brezilj/
danh t ging c ngi Braxin
tnh t ging c Braxin
Brsilienne /breziljn/
danh t ging ci ngi Braxin
tnh t ging ci Braxin
sudois cch c /sedwa/
danh t ging ngi Thy in, ting Thy in
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c
tnh t ging c Thy in
Sudoise /sedwaz/
danh t ging ci ngi Thy in
tnh t ging ci Thy in
espagnol cch c /spal/
danh t ging c ngi Ty Ban Nha, ting Ty Ban Nha
tnh t ging c Ty Ban Nha
Espagnole /spal/
danh t ging ci ngi Ty Ban Nha
tnh t ging ci Ty Ban Nha
amricain cch c /amerik/
danh t ging c ngi M
tnh t M
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ging c
amricaine /amerikn/
danh t ging ci ngi M
tnh t ging ci M
portugais cch c /prtyg/
danh t ging c ngi B o Nha, ting B o Nha
tnh t ging c B o Nha
Portugaise /prtygz/
danh t ging ci ngi B o Nha
tnh t ging ci B o Nha
russe cch c /rys/
danh t ging c v ging ci ngi Nga
danh ting Nga
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t ging c
tnh t ging c v ging ci Nga
australien cch c /ostralj/
danh t ging c ngi c
tnh t ging c c
Australienne /ostraljn/
danh t ging ci ngi c
tnh t ging ci c
hollandais cch c /l d/
danh t ging c ngi H Lan, ting H Lan
tnh t ging c H Lan
Hollandaise /l dz/ danh ngi H Lan
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t ging ci
tnh t ging ci H Lan
//
danh t ging c
Cch s dng ng t tre trong ting Php
Cc trng hp s dng ng t tre trong ting Php (1): tre + nom
(2): tre + mtier
(3): tre + nationalit
(4): tre + lieu
(5): tre + adjectif
V d
Je suis franais Ti l ngi Php
Vous tes italien. Bn l ngi .
Bi 10: Cc t ch ngh nghip trong ting Php (mtiers)
Cc t ch ngh nghip trong ting Php (mtiers)
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policier cch c /plisje/
danh t ging c cng an, cnh st
tnh t ging c thuc cng an, thuc cnh st, trinh thm
policire cch c /plisjr/
danh t ging ci cng an, cnh st
tnh t ging ci thuc cng an, thuc cnh st, trinh thm
roman policier /rm/ truyn trinh thm
mcanicien cch c /mekanisj/
danh t ging c
th c kh, th my, nh c hc, nh ch to my
tnh t ging c thuc c kh
mcanicienne cch c /mekanisjn/
danh t ging ci
th c kh, th my, nh c hc, nh ch to my
tnh thuc c kh
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t ging ci
lectricien cch c /elktisj/
danh t ging c th in
lectricienne cch c /elktisjn/
danh t ging ci th in
charpentier cch c /ap tje/
danh t ging c th mc
plombier cch c /plbje /
danh t ging c th ng ng
plombire cch c /plbjR /
danh t ging ci th ng ng (n)
peintre cch c /pt /
danh t ging c ha s, th sn
pompier cch c /ppje /
danh t ging c lnh cu ha
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pompire cch c /ppj r/
danh t ging ci lnh cu ha
jardinier cch c /adinje/ danh t ngi lm vn (nam)
jardinire cch c /adinj/
danh t ging ci ngi lm vn (n)
chambre cch c / b/
danh t ging ci bung, phng, vin
cuisinier cch c /kizinje/
danh t ging c u bp (nam), sch dy nu n
cuisinire cch c /kizinj/
danh t ging ci u bp (n)
boulanger cch c /bul e/ danh t ngi lm bnh m (nam)
ni ng
t lm bnh m
boulangre cch c /bul /
danh t ging ngi lm bnh m (n)
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ci
boucher cch c /bue/
danh t ging c ngi bn tht (nam)
bouchre cch c /bu/
danh t ging ci ngi bn tht (n)
infirmier cch c /fimje /
dm t ging c y t (nam)
infirmire cch c /fimj /
danh t ging ci n y t
docteur cch c /dkt/
danh t ging c
v ging ci tin s, bc s
mdecin cch c /med()s/
danh t ging c bc s, thy thuc
dentiste cch c /d tist/
danh t ging nha s
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c
v ging ci
comptable cch c /ktabl /
danh t ging c
v ging ci nhn vin k ton
tnh t ging c
v ging ci k ton, chu trch nhim
architecte cch c /aitkt/
danh t ging c
v ging ci kin trc s
maon cch c /mas/
danh t ging c th xy, th n
maonne cch c /mas n/
danh t ging th xy, th n
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ci
ingnieur cch c /enj /
danh t ging c k s
coiffeur cch c /kwaf/
danh t ging c th ct tc, th un tc (nam)
coiffeuse cch c /kwafz/
danh t ging ci th ct tc, th un tc (n), bn trang im
journaliste cch c /unalist/
danh t ging c
v ging ci nh bo, phng vin
avocat cch c /avka/
danh t ging c lut s, qu l
avocate cch c /avkat/
danh t ging c lut s (n)
mannequin cch c /mank/
danh t ging ngi mu
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c
v ging ci
kinsithrapeute cch c /kineziteapt/
danh t
thy thuc vt l tr liu, nhn vin vt l tr liu
pilote cch c /pilt/
danh t ging c
v ging ci phi cng
marin cch c /ma/
danh t ging c lnh thy, thy th
tnh t ging c thuc v bin
marine cch c /marin/
danh t ging ci
hng hi, hi qun, mu xanh nc bin, n thy th, (ha) v ti bin
tnh t ging ci thuc v bin
mer cch c /mr/ danh t bin
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ging ci
vendeur cch c /v d/
danh t ging c ngi bn, nhn vin bn hng (nam)
tnh t mun bn
vendeuse cch c /v dz/
danh t ging ci ngi bn, nhn vin bn hng (n)
chirurgien cch c /iyj/
danh t ging c bc s phu thut (nam)
chirurgienne cch c /iryrjn/
danh t ging ci bc s phu thut (n)
professeur cch c /pfes/
danh t ging c
v ging ci gio s, gio vin
vtrinaire cch c /vetein/
danh t ging c bc s th y
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v ging ci
tnh t thuc th y
serveur cch c /sv/
danh t ging c
nhn vin bi bn, ngi giao bng, my ch
serveuse cch c /svz/
danh t ging ci nhn vin bi bn (n)
facteur cch c /fakt/
danh t ging c ngi a th, nhn t, tha s, h s
factrice cch c /faktris/
danh t ging ci ngi a th (n)
Bi 11: Tn cc quc gia, quc tch, ngn ng bng ting Php
Tn cc quc gia, quc tch, ngn ng bng ting Php
T ngha
La France cch c /f s/ danh Php
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t ging ci
franais cch c /f s/ danh t ting Php
danh t ging c ngi Php
tnh t ging c thuc Php
franaise cch c /f sz/
danh t ging ci ngi Php
tnh t ging ci thuc Php
La Chine cch c /in/
danh t ging ci Trung Quc
chinois cch c /inwa/ danh t ting Trung Quc
danh t ging c ngi Trung Quc
tnh t thuc Trung Quc
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ging c
chinoise cch c /inwaz/
danh t ging ci ngi Trung Quc
tnh t ging ci thuc Trung Quc
LAllemange- cch c /alma/
danh t ging ci c
allemand cch c /alm/ danh t ting c
danh t ging c ngi c
tnh t ging c thuc c
allemande cch c
danh t ging ci ngi c
tnh t ging ci thuc c
LEspagne cch c /spa/ danh Ty Ban Nha
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t ging ci
espagnol cch c /spal/ danh t ting Ty Ban Nha
danh t ging c ngi Ty Ban Nha
tnh t ging c thuc Ty Ban Nha
espagnole cch c /spal/
danh t ging ci ngi Ty Ban Nha
tnh t ging ci thuc Ty Ban Nha
LAngleterre cch c / lt/
danh t ging ci Anh
anglais cch c / l/ danh t ting Anh
danh t ging c ngi Anh
tnh t thuc Anh
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ging c
anglaise cch c / lz/
danh t ging ci ngi Anh
tnh t ging ci thuc Anh
Le Japon cch c /ap/
danh t ging ci Nht Bn
japonais cch c /apn/ danh t ting Nht
danh t ging c ngi Nht
tnh t ging c thuc Nht Bn
japonaise cch c /apnz/
danh t ging ci ngi Nht
tnh t ging ci thuc Nht Bn
Les Pays-Bas cch c /peiba/ danh H Lan
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t ging c,
s nhiu
hollandais cch c /(l)l d/ danh t ting H Lan
danh t ging c ngi H Lan
tnh t ging c thuc H Lan
hollandaise cch c /(l)l dz/
danh t ging ci ngi H Lan
tnh t ging ci thuc H Lan
La Pologne cch c /pl/
danh t ging ci Ba Lan
polonais cch c /pln/ danh t ting Ba Lan
danh t ging ngi Ba Lan
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c
tnh t ging c thuc Ba Lan
polonaise cch c /plnz/
danh t ging ci ngi Ba Lan
tnh t ging ci thuc Ba Lan
Le Portugal- cch c /ptyal/
danh t ging c B o Nha
portugais cch c /pty/ danh t ting B o Nha
danh t ging c ngi B o Nha
tnh t ging c thuc B o Nha
portugaise cch c /ptyz/
danh t ging ci ngi B o Nha
tnh t ging thuc B o Nha
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ci
La Sude cch c /sd/
danh t ging ci Thy in
sudois cch c /sedwa/ danh t ting Thy in
danh t ging c ngi Thy in
tnh t ging c thuc Thy in
sudoise - cch c /sedwaz/
danh t ging ci ngi Thy in
tnh t ging ci thuc Thy in
Le Mexique cch c /mksik/
danh t ging ci M hi c
mexicain cch c /mksik/ danh t ting M hi c
danh t ging ngi M hi c
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c
tnh t ging c thuc M hi c
mexicaine cch c /mksikn/
danh t ging ci ngi M hi c
tnh t ging ci thuc M hi c
Les tats-Unis cch c /etazyni/ danh t M
amricain cch c /ameik/ danh t ting M
danh t ging c ngi M
tnh t ging c thuc M
amricaine cch c //
danh t ging ci ngi M
tnh t ging ci thuc M
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Le Vietnam cch c /vjtnam/
danh t ging ci Vit Nam
vietnamien cch c /vjtnamj/ danh t ting Vit
danh t ging c ngi Vit Nam (s nhiu)
tnh t ging c thuc Vit Nam
vietnamienne cch c /vjtnamjn/
danh t ging ci ngi Vit Nam
tnh t ging ci thuc Vit Nam
LAutriche cch c /oti/
danh t ging ci o
autrichien cch c /otij/
danh t ging c ngi o
tnh t ging thuc o
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c
autrichienne cch c /otijn/
danh t ging ci ngi o
tnh t ging ci thuc o
Le Brsil- cch c /bRezil/
danh t ging c Bra xin
brsilien cch c /bezilj/
danh t ging c ngi Bra xin
tnh t ging c thuc Bra xin
brsilienne cch c /beziljn/
danh t ging ci ngi Braxin
tnh t ging ci thuc Braxin
LItalie cch c /itali/
danh t ging ci
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italien cch c /italj/ danh t ting
danh t ging c ngi
tnh t ging c thuc
italienne cch c /italjn/
danh t ging ci ngi
tnh t ging ci thuc
Le Canada cch c /kanada/ danh t Canada
canadien cch c /kanadj/
danh t ging c ngi Canada
tnh t ging c thuc Canada
canadienne cch c /kanadjn/
danh t ging ci ngi Canada
tnh t thuc Canada
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ging ci
Lgypte- cch c /eipt/
danh t ging ci Ai Cp
gyptien cch c /eipsj/ danh t ting Ai Cp
danh t ging c ngi Ai Cp
tnh t ging c thuc Ai Cp
gyptienne - cch c /eipsjn/
danh t ging ci ngi Ai Cp
tnh t ging ci thuc Ai Cp
La Belgique cch c /blik/
danh t ging ci B
belge cch c /bl/
danh t ging c ngi B
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/ci
tnh t ging c
/ci thuc B
Suisse cch c /sis/ danh t Thy S, ngi Thy S
tnh t thuc Thy S
La Russie cch c /Rysi/
danh t ging ci Nga
russe cch c /Rys/ danh t ting Nga, ngi Nga
tnh t thuc Nga
La Grce cch c /s/
danh t ging ci Hy Lp
grec cch c /k/ danh t ting Hy Lp
danh t ging c ngi Hy Lp
tnh t ging c thuc Hy Lp
grecque cch c /k/ danh ngi Hy Lp
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t ging ci
tnh t ging ci thuc Hy Lp
Bi 12: Cch chia ng t avoir th hin ti trong ting Php ngha ca ng t Avoir trong ting Php
avoir cch c /avwa/ ngoi ng t c, i, mang, mc; n tip; c, mua c
le verbe avoir indicatif prsent ng t avoir li hin ti
Cch chia ng t avoir
Je ai cch c /e/ hoc //-> Jai
Tu as cch c /a/ -> Tu as
Il / elle / on a cch c /a/ -> Il/ elle /on + a (c ni m l sang)
Nous avons cch c /av/ (c ni m z sang)
Vous avez cch c /ave/ c ni m z sang
Ils / Elles ont cch c // c ni m z sang
Cch chia ng t avoir th hin ti
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th hin ti ng t avoir c chia tng ng vi cc ngi Je; Tu; Il, elle, on; Nous; Vous; Ils, elles ln lt l: ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont
Bi 13: Hi v quc tch bng ting Php: Quelle est votre nationalit?
T vng ting Php
quel cch c /kl/
tnh t nghi vn g, no
i t ai, ci no
quelle cch c = quel
votre cch c /vt/ tnh t ca bn, ca cc bn (ngi th hai s t v s nhiu)
Hi v quc tch bng ting Php
Quc tch ca bn l g? (Bn t u n?) Quelle est votre nationalit?
Ti l ngi Ty Ban Nha. Cn bn? Je suis Espagnole, et vous?
Ti l ngi M. Je suis Amricain
Bi 14: Hi tui bng ting Php: Quel ge avez-vous? Quel ge as-tu?
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Hi tui bng ting Php: Quel ge avez-vous? Quel ge as-tu? Tr li v tui ta dng cu trc: Jai + number + ans. Ch c ni m.
T vng ting Php
ge cch c //
danh t ging c tui, tui gi, thi i
demi cch c /d()mi/ tnh t na
trng t na, mt na
danh t ging c na, mt na
an cch c //
danh t ging c nm, tui (s nhiu thm s)
ti 8 tui ri Jai huit ans et demi.
Hi tui bng ting Php Cch hi formal (1): Quel ge avez-vous?
Cch hi informal (1): Quel ge as-tu?
Bi 15: Cc ngy trong tun
Les jours de la semaine T vng ngha
lundi cch c /ldi/ danh th hai
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t ging c
mardi cch c /maRdi/
danh t ging c th ba
mercredi cch c /mkdi/
danh t ging c th t
jeudi cch c /di/
danh t ging c th nm
vendredi cch c /v ddi/
danh t ging c th su
samedi cch c /samdi/
danh t ging c th by
dimanche cch c /dim /
dan h t ging c ch nht
la semaine cch c /s()mn/
danh t ging ci tun
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jour cch c /juR/
danh t ging c
ngy (ch n gin l cch chia v thi gian: indicates a simple division of time)
nuit cch c /ni/
danh t ging ci m
aujourdhui cch c /oudi/
danh t ging c ngy hm nay
trng t hm nay, ngy nay, thi nay
Aujourdhui, cest Mercredi. Hm nay l th t
hier cch c /ijr/
danh t ging c ngy hm qua
trng t hm qua, gn y, mi y
Hier, ctait Mardi. Hm qua l th ba (Yesterday was Tuesday)
avant-hier cch c /av tj/ trng t Hm kia
demain cch c /dm/
danh t ging c ngy mai, tng lai
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trng t mai, ngy mai
Demain, cest Jeudi. Ngy mai l th nm.
Aprs-demain /apd()m/ trng t ngy kia
tous le jours trng t hng ngy, mi ngy
le jours de la semaine cc ngy trong tun
aprs cch c /ap/ gii t sau, sau , sau khi, theo, ui theo, chng
trng t sau, sau
la nuit daprs m sau
la semaine aprs tun sau
- Quel jour de la semaine vient aprs lundi? - Ngy trong tun sau th hai l th my?
Mardi Th ba
- Quel jour de la semaine vient aprs samedi? - Ngy trong tun sau th by l th my?
Dimanche Dimanche
viendrai cch c /vjde / ng
t
n, i n, xy n, ny ra, cp n, t
ti, chy (nc), sinh ra, mc, t (u) n, bt ngun t, l do, cn li, pht trin, va mi. (ng t venir)
avant cch c /av/ gii t trc, trc , trc khi
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trng t trc, trc
Bi 16a: Cc thng trong nm v cc ma
Cc thng trong nm v cc ma cc ma T vng ting Php ngha
janvier cch c / vje/
danh t ging c thng ging
fvrier cch c /fevije/
danh t ging c thng hai
mars cch c /maRs/
danh t ging c thng ba, sao ha
avril cch c /avRil/
danh t ging c thng t
mai cch c /m/
danh t ging c thng nm
juin cch c //
danh t ging c thng su
juillet cch c /ij/
danh t ging c thng by
aot cch c /u(t)/
danh t ging c thng tm
septembre cch c /spt b/
danh t ging c thng chn
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octobre cch c /ktb/
danh t ging c thng mi
novembre cch c /nv b/
danh t ging c thng mi mt
dcembre cch c /des b/
danh t ging c thng mi hai
mois cch c /mwa/
danh t ging c thng, lng thng
an cch c //
danh t ging c
nm, tui (ch n gin l cch chia v thi gian)
lan deux mille (Lan 2000) nm 2000
anne cch c /ane/
danh t ging ci nm, tui (ch khong thi gian)
saison cch c /sz/
danh t ging ci ma, ma bng, ma thi u
printemps cch c /pt /
danh t ging c ma xun, tui xun (gm thng 3, 4, 5)
t cch c /ete/
danh t ging c ma h, ma h (gm thng 6, 7, 8)
automne cch c /tn/
danh t ging c ma thu (gm thng 9, 10, 11)
hiver cch c /iv/
danh t ging c ma ng (gm thng 12, 1, 2)
les mois de lanne cc thng trong nm
les mois de lanne et les saisons cc thng trong nm v cc ma
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tout cch c /tu/
tnh t ging c tt c, c, mi, hon ton, bt c no
i t ging c tt c, mi vic, mi s
trng t hon ton, trn vn, rt, va va
Tous
tnh t v i t ging c s nhiu tnh t v i t ging c s nhiu ca tout
Toute /tut/
tnh t v i t ging ci tnh t v i t ging ci ca tout
Toutes
tnh t v i t ging ci tnh t v i t ging ci s nhiu ca tout
toute lanne c nm
le 12 mois de lanne 12 thng trong nm
moment cch c /mm/
danh t ging c
chc, lt, lc, ng thi, thi c, c hi, m men
en cch c // gii t trong, n, v (ch thi gian)
ce cch c /s/
i t ch nh
ny, y, (c khi khng dch, dng vi c ngi v vt)
en ce moment trong lc ny
en septembre n thng chin
en t v ma h
***
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Bi 16b: Cc ma trong nm Les saisons de lanne
T vng ting Php ngha
froid cch c /fwa/ tnh t ngui, rt, lnh, lnh nht, lnh lung
danh t ging c rt, lnh, s lnh nht, s lnh lung
froide cch c /fwad/ tnh t, danh t ging ci tng ng froid
il fait froid en hiver /f/ tri lnh vo ma ng
neige cch c /n/
danh t ging ci tuyt
neiger cch c /nee/ ng t ri tuyt
il neige en hiver Tuyt ri vo ma ng.
au printemps vo ma xun
le printemps ma xun
lt ma h, ma h
en t vo ma h
lautomne ma thu
en automne vo ma thu
lhiver ma ng
en hiver vo ma ng
Il fait beau au printemps. Tri p v ma xun.
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Il fait chaud en lt. . Tri nng v ma h.
feuille cch c /fj/
danh t ging ci l, t, giy
tomber cch c /tbe/ ng t ng, ri, rng
Xem cch chia ng t tomber th hin ti
Je /tb / tombe
Tu /tb/ tombes
Il, elle, on /tb/ tombe
Nous /tb/ tombons
Vous /tbe / tombez
Ils, ells /tb/ tombent
Les feuilles tombent en automne L rng v ma thu
Bi 17a: Chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti verbes en er
Chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti (verbes en er): nhng ng t nguyn mu kt thc bng ch er tr ng t aller.
Nhng ng t nhm I trong ting Php thng dng
parler cch c /pale/ ni / ngoi ni
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ng
t
danh t ging c ging ni, cch ni, th ng
aimer cch c /eme/
ngoi ng
t yu, thng, thch (th thao, c sch,)
habiter cch c /abite/ ng
t
, sng , c tr ( vi ai dng ng t khc,
khng dng habiter, ngha y dng vi ngha l c tr)
visiter cch c /vizite/
ngoi ng
t i thm (ai ), i thm quan, i xem; khm (bnh, giy t,), khm xt
langage cch c /l a/
danh t ging c ting, ngn ng
Langagire //
danh t ging ci ting, ngn ng
tranger cch c /et e/ tnh t nc ngoi
danh t ging c ngi nc ngoi
trangre cch c /et / tnh t ging nc ngoi
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ci
danh t ging ci ngi nc ngoi
accepter cch c /akspte/
ngoi ng
t nhn, nhn li, chp nhn
accompagner cch c /akpae /
ngoi ng
t i cng, i theo, p ti, km theo, m (nhc)
adorer cch c /ade/
ngoi ng
t m, tn th, yu tha thit
aider cch c /ede/ ng
t gip, gip , gip cho
enseigner cch c / see/
ngoi ng
t dy, ging dy
rentrer cch c / te/
ni ng
t v, tr v, thu v; cho vo, dn vo, thu vo
rencontrer cch c / kte/
ngoi ng
t gp (mt cch tnh c), gp g, gp phi
apporter cch c /apte/ ng
t
mang, mang n, mang theo, mang li, a, a ra (bng chng), a li, em n, em li
tudier cch c /etydje/ ng hc, hc tp, nghin cu
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t
retourner cch c /()tune/ ng
t tr li, tr v, o, lt, lt nga
saluer cch c /sale/
ngoi ng
t cho, cho mng, cho n
apprcier cch c /apesje/
ngoi ng
t nh gi, c lng, nhn thy, nh gi cao,
thch
fermer cch c /fme/
ngoi ng
t
ng, kha (vi nc, xe,), ng ca (nh, nh my,), kt thc, kha s, ngt, ct, tt, gp (sch), nhm (mt), ngm (ming), nm (tay), ngn, cm vo
retrouver cch c /()tuve/
ngoi ng
t tm li c, ly li, nh ra, nh li, gp li, tm gp, ti tm
supporter cch c /sypt/
danh t ging c ngi ng h
ngoi ng
t ng h, chu, chu ng, dung th, chng , m nhn
arriver cch c /aive/
ni ng
t n, ti, t ti, xy ra
gagner cch c /ae/ ng
t c, t c, thu c, kim c, c
li, thng, trng (s)
hsiter cch c /ezite/ ng do d, lng l, chn ch, ngp ngng
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t
raconter cch c /akte /
ngoi ng
t k, k li, ni lng nhng
tlphoner cch c /telefne/ ng
t gi in, gi in thoi
bavarder cch c /bavade/
ni ng
t hay ni chuyn, ba hoa, bp xp
inviter cch c /vite /
ngoi ng
t mi, bo, thi thc, gic
refuser cch c /()fyze/ ng
t t chi, khng cho, khng chu, khng tha nhn
travailler cch c /tavaje/ ng
t lm, lm vic, lao ng, hc tp
commencer cch c /km se/ ng
t bt u, tp (tp i, ni,), bt u tp
manger cch c /m e/
ngoi ng
t n, n mn
danh t ging c s n, vic n, thc n, mn n
Ghi nh
ng t nhm I trong ting Php l nhng ng t nguyn mu kt thc bng ch er ngoi tr ng t aller.
Cch chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti
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ta b ui er nguyn mu sau thm vo sau
Je e (1)
Tu es
Il, elle, on e (1)
Nous ons
Vous ez
Ils, ells ent (1)
Cch pht m Cc ngi s t (1, 2, 3) v ngi 3 s nhiu (xem (1) trn) u pht m ging nhau.
Cc trng hp c bit khi chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti
i vi ng t nguyn mu bt u bng nguyn m hoc h cm (a,e, i, y, u, o, h cm)
ngi s I, s t ta chuyn Je thnh J. V d vi ng t aimer ta khng vit: Je aime m vit: Jaime
i vi nhng ng t nhm I, tn cng bng cer th
ring i i vi nous, ta phi i c
thnh trc khi b er thm ons. V d: Commencer. Xem v d 2.
i vi nhng ng t nhm I, tn cng bng ger th
ring i vi ngi nous, khi b er, ta thm e, ri thm ons. V d manger. Xem v d 3.
V d 1: Chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti ng t parler
Je parle (1)
Tu parles
Il, elle, on parle (1)
Nous parlons
Vous parlez
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Ils, ells parlent (1)
V d 2: Chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti ng t commencer
Je commence (1)
Tu commences
Il, elle, on commence (1)
Nous commenons
Vous commencez
Ils, ells commencent (1)
V d 3: Chia ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti ng t manger
Je mange (1)
Tu manges
Il, elle, on mange (1)
Nous mangeons
Vous mangez
Ils, ells mangent (1)
Bi 17b: ng t nhm I trong ting Php th hin ti (phn 2)
ng t nhm 1 trong ting Php th hin ti (phn 2): nhng ng t thng gp trong ting Php, cch c, phin m, ngha (nhng ng t kt thc bng er)
T vng ngha
cesser cch c /sese/ ng thi, b, t b, kt thc, ngng li, dng li
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t
jouer cch c /we/ ng t
chi (n, bng ,), chi a, nh (bi), ng, din (phim, kch)
regarder cch c /()ade/
ngoi ng t nhn
traverser cch c /tavse/
ngoi ng t
qua, i qua, lch qua, xuyn qua, thm qua, tri qua
chanter cch c / te/ ng t
ht, ht (chim), reo (nc), ku (chim), ca ngi
laisser cch c /lese/
ngoi ng t , li, mt (sc khe), giao, b
remercier cch c /()msje/
ngoi ng t cm n, cm t
trouver cch c /tuve/
ngoi ng t
gp, bt gp, thy, nhn thy, tm thy, tm ra, tm c
chercher cch c /e/
ngoi ng t tm, tm kim, tm cch
laver cch c /lave/
ngoi ng t ra, git
continuer cch c /ktine / ng t tip tc, ko di ra
marcher cch c /mae/
ni ng t i, i b, chy (ng h, my mc,)
danser cch c /d se/ ng t khiu v, nhy
monter cch c /mte / ng t
ln, leo ln, tro ln, i ln (cu thang), em ln, treo ln (bc tranh)
dcider cch c /deside/ ng t quyt nh, nh ot, thuyt phc
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montrer cch c /mte /
ngoi ng t
ch (ng), tr, a ra, cho xem, l, chng t, cho thy, chi cho, dy cho (cch lm)
djeuner cch c /dene/ ng t n tra, n sng
organiser cch c /anize/
ngoi ng t t chc, sp t
demander cch c /d()m de/
ngoi ng t
yu cu, xin, cu xin, hi (ng), mi (thy thuc)
oublier cch c /ublije/ ng t qun, lng qun, b qun, b qua
dpenser cch c /dep se/
ngoi ng t dng, tiu, tiu xi, tiu th
passer cch c /pase/ ng t
qua, i qua, tri qua (thi gian), vt qua (cuc ua), qu (tui), dng (thi gian lm g),
dessiner cch c /desine/
ngoi ng t v, v hnh, lm ni bt
penser cch c /p se/ ng t ngh, suy ngh, nh (lm g)
dtester cch c /detste/
ngoi ng t ght
porter cch c /pte/
mang, vc, cm, xch (ti), m (em b), mc, eo, i, i (giy), chu ng, xi, xi gic, em, chuyn, a
dner cch c /dine/ ng t n ti
pratiquer cch c /pRatike/ ng t
thc hnh, thc hin, thi hnh, lm ngh, hnh ngh
donner cch c /dne/
ngoi ng t
cho, biu, tng, cp (chng ch), cung cp, g (con gi)
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prparer cch c /pRepaRe/
ngoi ng t chun b, sa son, sp t, phc tho (d n)
couter cch c /ekute/
ngoi ng t nghe, nghe li
prsenter cch c /pez te/
ngoi ng t gii thiu, tin c
emporter cch c / pte/
ngoi ng t mang theo, mang i, em i
prter cch c /prete/
ngoi ng t cho vay, cho mn
emprunter cch c / pte/ ng t vay, mn, vay tin, mn tin
***
Bi 18: Cch chia ng t nhm II trong ting Php th hin ti
Cch chia ng t nhm II trong ting Php th hin ti hc ting Php online qua video hng dn chia v pht m ng t kt thc bng IR.
T vng ting Php ngha
finir cch c /finiR/ ng
t hon thnh, kt thc, lm xong, xong, cht
applaudir cch c /aplodiR/ ng
t v tay tn thng, v tay, hoan h, tn thnh
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russir cch c /ReysiR/ ng
t thnh cng, , t kt qu, lm rt t
choisir cch c /wazi/
ngoi ng
t chn, chn la
rflchir cch c /eflei/ ng
t phn chiu, phn x, suy ngh
remplir cch c / pli/
ngoi ng
t in vo, tha mn, lm y, y, cho y, chim y
avertir cch c /avti/
ngoi ng
t cnh bo, bo cho bit
obir cch c /bei/
ni ng
t vng li, tun theo (php lut), phc tng
fournir cch c /funi/ ng
t cung ng, cung cp, chu cp, cho, a ra, thc hin
dmolir cch c /demli/
ngoi ng
t ph hy, ph hng, lm gim uy tn, lm mt nh hng
atterrir cch c /atei/
ni ng
t h cnh
btir cch c /bti/
ngoi ng
t xy dng
har cch c /ai/ ngoi ng cm th, cm ght, ght
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t
trahir cch c /tai/
ngoi ng
t phn, phn bi
nourrir cch c /nui/
ngoi ng
t nui, nui dng, duy tr
agir cch c /ai/
ni ng
t hnh ng, tc ng, can thip, c x, c hiu
lc
tablir cch c /etabli/
ngoi ng
t t, lp, thit lp, thnh lp, chng minh (nh l), g chng
rougir cch c /ui/ ng
t lm , nung , mt, xu h, ln
rajeunir cch c /ani/ ng
t lm tr li, lm tr ra, i mi, lm cho tr hn, tr ha, tr li, tr ra
raccourcir cch c /akusi/ ng
t ct ngn, thu ngn, rt ngn, ngn li, ngn i
agrandir cch c /a di/ ng
t m rng, phng to, lm cho to ra
plir cch c /pli/ ng
t lm cho nht i, lm cho xanh xao i, nht i, xanh i, ti i (v gin, v s)
jaunir cch c /oni/ ng
t nhum vng, lm vng ra, vng ra
ralentir cch c /al ti/ ng
t lm chm li, lm suy gim, km li, i chm li, chy chm li
maigrir cch c /mei/ ng lm gy i, lm cho c v gy i, gy i
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t
salir cch c /sali/
ngoi ng
t lm bn, nh bn
grossir cch c /osi/ ng
t lm to ra, phng i, tng, tng ln, ln ln, to ln
***
Ghi nh ng t nhm II trong ting Php
ng t nhm II trong ting Php l nhng ng t c nguyn mu kt thc bng IR
Ch : Khng phi mi ng t tn cng bng IR cng l ng t nhm II trong ting Php
Cch chia ng t nhm II trong ting Php
chia ng t nhm 2 trong ting
Php
ta b IR, v thm - IS i vi ngi Je, Tu - IT i vi ngi Il, elle, on - ISSONS i vi ngi Nous - ISSEZ i vi ngi Vous - ISSENT i vi ngi Ils, elles Xem v d 1
Ch : Nu ng t bt u bng nguyn m hoc ph m h cm, th Je c chuyn thnh J Xem v d 2.
Cch c
Je, Tu - IS /i/ (s cm)
Il, elle, on - IT /i/ (t cm)
Nous - ISSONS /is/ (s cm)
Vous - ISSEZ /ise/
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Ils, ells - ISSENT /is/ (ent cm)
Chia ng t nhm 2 trong ting Php ng t har (xem video th 4 bn di)
Je, Tu Je hair, Tu hair
Il, elle, on Il, elle, on hair
Nous Hassons
Vous Hassez
Ils, elles Hassent
V d 1: Chia ng t nhm II trong ting Php ng t finir
Je, Tu Finis
Il, elle, on Finit
Nous Finissons
Vous Finissez
Ils, ells Finissent
V d 2: Chia ng t nhm 2 trong ting Php ng t obir
Je, Tu Jobis, Tu obis
Il, elle, on Obit
Nous obissons
Vous Obissez
Ils, ells obissent
Bi 19a: Danh t trong ting Php: danh t ging c v ging ci
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Danh t trong ting Php: danh t ging c v danh t ging ci
T vng ting Php ngha
nom cch c /n/
danh t ging c tn, tn h, danh t
un nom mt danh t
homme cch c /m/
danh t ging c ngi, con ngi, n ng, chng
un home mt ngi n ng
femme cch c /fam/
danh t ging ci n b, ph n, v, ngi hu gi
une femme mt ngi ph n
garon cch c /as/
danh t ging c
con trai, chng trai, chng thanh nin, trai cha v, bi bn, ngi ph vic
un garon de 20 ans mt chng trai hai mi tui
fille cch c /fij/
danh t ging ci con gi, c phc v, ngi hu gi
une fille du Vietnam mt ngi con gi Vit Nam
pre cch c /p/
danh t ging c cha, b, ng t, lo, Cha Cha
un pre mt ngi b
Pres ng cha, t tin (s nhiu, ging c)
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mre cch c /m/
danh t ging ci m, ni xut x, ni pht sinh
tnh t m, chnh, ch o, tinh, ct (ru)
une mere mt ngi m
Mres t tin (s nhiu, ging ci)
oncle cch c / kl/
danh t ging c bc, ch, cu, dng
un oncle mt ngi bc (trai)
tante cch c /t t/
danh t ging ci c, d, thm, m, bc gi
une tante mt ngi d
saint cch c /s/
danh t ging c thnh, tng thnh
tnh t thnh, thn thnh, trc l Phc sinh
un saint mt v thnh (nam)
sainte cch c /st / danh t v tnh t ging ci tng ng saint
une sainte mt v thnh (n)
rival cch c /ival/
danh t ging c i th, k tnh ch
tnh t cnh tranh
un rival mt i th (nam)
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rivale - cch c /ival/ danh t v tnh t ging ci tng tng vi rival
une rivale mt i th (n)
cousin cch c /kuz/
danh t ging c anh h, em h
un cousin mt ngi anh h, mt ngi em h (nam)
cousine cch c /kuzin/
danh t ging ci ch h, em h
une cousine mt ngi ch h, mt ngi em h (n)
marchand cch c /ma/
danh t ging c nh bun, ngi bun bn
tnh t bun, bun bn
un marchand mt nh bun (nam)
marchande cch c /ma d/ danh t v tnh t ging ci tng ng vi marchand
un marchande mt nh bun (n)
employ cch c / plwaje/
danh t ging c nhn vin (vn phng)
un employ mt nhn vin (nam)
employe cch c / plwaje/
danh t ging ci nhn vin (vn phng)
une employee mt nhn vin (n)
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prince cch c /ps /
danh t ging c hong t
un prince mt hong t
princesse cch c /pss /
danh t ging ci cng cha
une pricesse mt cng cha
ami cch c /ami/
danh t ging c bn, ngi yu chung
tnh t yu chung, thun, thun li, thn tnh, ng minh
un ami mt ngi bn (nam)
amie cch c /ami/ danh t v tnh t ging ci tng ng ami
une amie mt ngi bn (n)
dieu cch c /dj/
danh t ging c Cha, tri, Cha Tri, Thng , thn
un dieu mt v thn (nam)
Dieux nhng v thn (danh t ging c)
desse cch c /des/
danh t ging ci n cha, n thn
une desse mt v n thn
desse de lamour n thn tnh yu
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desse de la libert n thn t do
patron cch c /pat/
danh t ging c ch, thuyn trng, thy hng dn
un patron mt ng ch
patronne cch c /patn/
danh t ging ci ch, thuyn trng, c hng dn
une patronne mt b ch
vendeur cch c /v d/
danh t ging c ngi bn, ngi bn hng (nam)
tnh t mun bn
un vendeur mt ngi bn hng (nam)
vendeuse cch c /v dz/ danh t v tnh t ging ci tng ng vi t vendeur
une vendeuse mt ngi bn hng (n)
acteur cch c /akt/
danh t ging c din vin (nam)
un acteur mt din vin nam
actrice cch c /aktis/
danh t ging ci din vin (n)
une actrice mt n din vin
boucher cch c /bue/ danh t ging ngi bn tht, k tn bo
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c
ngoi ng t nt li, bt, lp
un boucher mt anh bn tht
bouchre cch c /bu/
danh t ging ci ngi bn tht (n)
une bouchre mt ch bn tht
picier cch c /episje/
danh t ging c ngi bn thc phm kh, ngi thin cn
tnh t (thn mt) tm thng, thin cn
un picier mt ngi bn thc phm kh (nam)
picire cch c /episj/ danh t v tnh t ging ci tng ng picier
une picire mt ngi bn thc phm kh (n)
***
Xc nh ging ca danh t trong ting Php
Mi danh t trong ting Php u phi c ging: ging c hoc ging ci hoc va l ging c va l ging ci (ty ng cnh).
Khi hc danh t mi, ta khng c cch no khc l phi hc thuc c ging v ngha ca danh t. d nh ging, ta gn danh t vi mt mo t khng xc nh s t (un, une) Tuy nhin, khi test bi thi v ging ca danh t trong ting Php ta c th vn dng mt s th thut sau (khng phi lun lun ng)
1) Hu ht danh t ch nam gii l ging (1); Hu ht danh t ch n gii (1) c (2): ci
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l ging (2)
V d: homme, garon, pre, oncle l danh t ging (1); femme, fille, mre, tante l danh t ging (2).
2) Mt s danh t ging ci c chuyn t danh t ging c
bng cch thm e hoc esse vo sau danh t ging c; hoc chuyn t ui ging c thnh ui ging ci
ui danh t ging c -> ui ging ci
-ien -> -ienne
Ex: un Italien -> une Italienne
-on -> -onne
Ex: un patron -> une patronne
-eur -> -euse
Ex: vendeur -> une vendeuse
-teur -> -trice
Ex: un acteur -> une actrice
-er -> -re
Ex: un boucher -> une bouchre
-ier -> -ire
Ex: un picier -> une picire
V d -e, -esse
un employ -> ging ci une employe
un ami -> ging ci une amie
un prince -> ging ci une princesse
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un dieu -> ging ci une desse
Bi 19b: Xc nh ging ca danh t trong ting Php (tip)
bi 23a ta bit hai du hiu nhn bit ging ca danh t trong ting Php
3) Cc danh t tn cng bng (3) l danh t ging c.
(3) 1. - age (ngoi tr une page, une plage)Ex: un avantage, un orage, un voyage, 2. - eau (ngoi tr une eau, uen peau). Ex: un bateau, un cadeau, un couteau, 3. - et. Ex: le jouet, le secret, le sujet, 4. - ing. Ex: le camping, le dancing, le shopping 5. - isme. Ex: le socialisme, le communisme, le tourisme, 6. - ment. Ex: un btiment, le commencement, un monument, 7. - oir. Ex: le bijou, le clou, le genou, 8. - ou. Ex: le bijou, le clou, le genou,
Cc danh t tn cng bng (4) l danh t ging ci.
(4): 1. ade (ngoi tr le stade). Ex: une ambassade, une promenade, une salade, 2. ine (ngoi tr le magazine). Ex: une aspirine, la cuisine, la piscine, 3. ace. Ex: la glace, la mencace, la surface, 4. ance. Ex: la brillance, la chance, limportance,
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5. esse. Ex: la jeunesse, la politesse, la promesse, 6. ette. Ex: une bicyclette, la calculette, la cassette, 7. ire. Ex: la frontire, la lumire, la manire, 8. ise. Ex: une chemise, une surprise, une valise, 9. sion. Ex: dcision, linversion, la tlvision, 10. t. Ex: la libert, la socit, la spcialit, 11. tion. Ex: la nation, la production, la programmation, 12. tude. Ex: une attitude, la gratitude, la solitude, 13. ure. Ex: une aventure, la lecture, la voiture,
4) Trong ting Php, mt s danh t dng c ging c v ging ci ging nhau; mt s danh t ging c dng ngay c khi ch v n gii; mt s danh t ging ci dng ngay c khi ch v nam gii. Trng hp ny ta phi nh cho tng danh t c th.
Bi 20: Danh t s nhiu trong ting Php Danh t s nhiu trong ting Php c thnh lp bng cch 1) Thm s vo sau danh t s t 2) Thm s vo sau danh t s t tn cng bng -ou, mt s trng hp li thm -x 3) Thm -x vo sau danh t s t tn cng bng -au, -eau, -eu. Ngoi tr (Le pneu -> les pneus) 4) Cc danh t s t tn cng bng -al khi i sang s nhiu thng c chuyn thnh -aux. Ngoi tr (le bal -> les bals, le carnaval -> les carnavals, le festival -> les festivals, le rcital -> les rcitals, 5) Nhng danh t s t kt thc bng -s, -x, -z c hnh thc s nhiu khng thay i.
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Mt s trng hp c bit v danh t s nhiu trong ting Php
1) Danh t ch tn gia nh c hnh thc s nhiu khng thay i
- Vous connaissez les Durand? Bn c bit gia nh Durand khng?
- Non, mais je sais quils sont les voisins des Chevalier.
Nhng ti bit h l hng xm ca gia nh Chevalier.
2) Cc danh t tru tng khng c hnh thc s nhiu
V d la foi, la paix, la patience,
3) Khi s v ch dng nh danh t, chng khng c hnh thc s nhiu
Ex
Femme scrit avec deux m. Femme c vit vi 2 ch m.
Il y a deux cinq dans mon numro. C 2 con s 5 trong s in thoi ca ti.
4) Mt s danh t c hnh thc s nhiu bt quy tc
Hnh thc s nhiu ca mt s danh t bt quy tc
Danh t s t Danh t s nhiu
le ciel -> les cieux
lil -> les yeux
le travail -> les travaux
monsieur -> Messieurs
madame -> Mesdames
mademoiselle -> Mesdemoiselles
Mt s danh t c s dng ch yu hnh thc s nhiu
ci ko les ciseaux
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chi tiu, chi ph les frais
ton hc les maths, les mathmatiques
k ngh les vacances
phong tc, thi quen Murs
T vng v danh t s t, danh t s nhiu trong ting Php
T vng ting Php ngha
vacance cch c /vak s/
danh t ging ci s khuyt, s thiu, s trng
une vacance mt s khuyt
les vacances
danh t ging ci k ngh, s ngh ngi (s nhiu)
pneu cch c /pn/
danh t ging c lp, v (xe p, xe t)
un pneu mt chic lp
les pneus nhng chic lp, nhng chic v
bal cch c /bal/
danh t ging c bui khiu v
un bal mt bui khiu v
les bals nhng bui khiu v
August 22, 2014 TI LIU TING PHP
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carnaval cch c /kanaval/
danh t ging c hnh nm cc-na-van
un carnaval mt hnh nm cc-na-van
les carnaval hi cc-na-van (s nhiu)
festival cch c /fstival/
danh t ging c
festival, hi din, i hi lin hoan
un festival mt festival, mt hi din
les festivals nhng l hi festival
rcital cch c /esital/
danh t ging c s c tu
un rcital mt s c tu
les rcitals nhng bui c tu