Tafsir ibn Kathir - 077 Mursalat

8/14/2019 Tafsir ibn Kathir - 077 Mursalat

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tafsir-ibn-kathir-077-mursalat 1/24

Revealed in Makkah

The Revelation of this Surat and its Recitation in the MaghribPrayer

Al-Bukhari recorded from Àbdullah - that is Ibn Masùd -- thathe said,

"While we were with the Messenger of Allah in a cave atMina, ـ ا و (By the Mursalat ) was revealed to him.He was reciting it and I was learning it from his mouth.Verily, his mouth was moist with it when a snake leapedout at us. The Prophet said,

ه !Kill it ا

So we quickly went after it, but it got away. Then theProphet said,

ه و آ ، آ و It was saved from your harm just as you all were savedfrom its harm.''

Muslim also recorded this Hadith by way of Al-A`mash.

Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn Àbbas, who reported from hismother that she heard the Prophet reciting ـ ا و (By theMursalat ) in the Maghrib prayer.



2

In a report from Malik on the authority of Ibn Àbbas, henarrated that Umm Al-Fadl (his mother) heard him (IbnÀbbas) reciting ـ ا و (By the Mursalat Ùrfa ), so shesaid,

"O my son! You reminded me with your recitation of this

Surah. Verily, it is the last thing I heard from theMessenger of Allah. He recited it in the Maghrib prayer(i.e., before he died).''

Both Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded this report in theTwo Sahihs by way of Malik.

ل ا ـ ل ا ل ا In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most

Merciful.

ـ س ل ا و 077:1 By the Mursalat Ùrfa.

ـ ـ ل 077:2 The Àsifat Àsfa.

ا ت ـ ل ا و 077:3 And the Nashirat Nashra,

ـ ـ ل 077:4 The Fariqat that separate.

ا آ ذ ـ ل 077:5 The Mulqiyat that remind,



3

ا ر و أ ا ر

077:6 Excusing or warning.

ل ن و ت .Surely, what you are promised will occur 077:7إ

م ل ا ا ذ 077:8 Then when the stars lose their lights.

ج ء ل ا ا ذ إ و 077:9 And when Furijat the heaven.

ل ل ا ا ذ إ و 077:10 And when the mountains are blown away.

أ لس ا ا ذ إ و 077:11 And when the Messengers are Uqqitat.

ج أ م ی ي

077:12 For what Day are these signs postponed?

ل ا م ل 077:13 For the Day of Sorting Out (the men of Paradise from the men destined for Hell).

ل ا م ی م ك ا ر د أ م و 077:14 And what will explain to you what is the Dayof Sorting Out?



4

ل م ی ی و 077:15 Woe that Day to the deniers (of the Day of Resurrection)!

Allah's swearing by Different Creatures about the Occurrenceof the Hereafter

Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,

ت س ل ا و ١

By the Mursalat Ùrfa .

"The angels''

From Masruq, Abu Ad-Duha, Mujahid in one narrationsfrom him, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, statementssimilar to this have been reported.

It has been reported from Abu Salih that he said,

"These are the Messengers.''In another narration from him (Abu Salih) he said that itmeans the angels.

ت ص ل ٢

ا ت ا ل ا و ٣

The Àsifat Àsfa .

And the Nashirat Nashra ,

Abu Salih has also said the meaning of

- Al-Àsifat ,

- An-Nashirat ,

- Al-Fariqat and

- Al-Mulqiyat ,

that they all refer to the angels.



5

Ath-Thawri narrated from Salamah bin Kuhayl, whoreported from Muslim Al-Batin, who reported from AbuAl-Ùbaydayn that he asked Ibn Masùd about themeaning of Al-Mursalat Ùrfa and he (Ibn Mas` ud)said,

"The wind''

He said the same about

- Al-Àsifat

- Àsfa and

- An-Nashirat Nashra ,

that they all refer to the wind.

Ibn Àbbas, Mujahid and Qatadah all said the same.

Ibn Jarir confidently affirmed that Al-Àsifat Àsfameans the wind just as Ibn Masùd and those whofollowed him said.

However, he (Ibn Jarir) did not affirm whether An-Nashirat Nashra are the angels or the wind as haspreceded.

It has been reported from Abu Salih that An-NashiratNashra is the rain.

The most obvious meaning is as Allah says,

ا ل ح لی ا س ر أ و And we send the winds fertilizing. (15:22)

He also says,

ر ى ی ى ح لی ا س ی ى ل ا ه و And it is He Who sends the winds as heralds of glad tidings, going before His mercy (rain). (7:57)

Similarly, Al-Àsifat are winds.



6

It is said (in Arabic) that the winds Àsifat when theymake noise with their blowing.

Likewise, An-Nashirat are the winds that scatter intoclouds in the horizons of the sky according to the will of the Lord.

Allah then says,

ت ر ل ٤

ا آ ذ ت ل ٥

ا ر و أ ا ر ٦

The Fariqat that separate,

the Mulqiyat that remind,excusing or warning.

meaning, the angels.

This was said by Ibn Masùd, Ibn Àbbas, Masruq,Mujahid, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ath-Thawri.

There is no difference of opinion here, because they(the angels) are the ones who descend with Allah'scommand to the Messengers, separating between thetruth and falsehood, guidance and misguidance, andthe lawful and the forbidden. They bring therevelation to the Messengers, which containexemption or absolvement for the creatures and awarning for them of Allah's torment if they opposeHis command.

Allah said,

ا ل ن و ت ٧إ

Surely, what you are promised will occur.

This is the subject of these oaths.

This means, what you all have been promisedconcerning the establishment of the Hour(Judgement Day), the blowing of the horn, the



7

resurrection of the bodies, the gathering of thoseof old and those of latter times on one commonground and the rewarding of every doer of a deedbased upon his deed. If he did good, then hisreward will be good, and if he did evil, then hisreward will be evil. All of this will occur, meaning

it will come to pass and there is no avoiding it.

A Mention of some of what will occur on the Day of Judgement

Then Allah says,

م ل ا ا ذ ٨

Then when the stars lose their lights.

meaning, their light will leave.

This is similar to Allah's statement,

ت ر ا م ل ا ا ذ إ و And when the stars fall, (81:2)

It is also similar to His statement,

ا ذ إ و ت ا آ ا ل ا

And when the stars have fallen and scattered.(82:2)

Then Allah says,

ج ء ل ا ا ذ إ و ٩

And when Furijat the heaven,

meaning, it is cleft asunder, becomes split, itssides fall and its edges become weak.

ا ا ذ إ و ل ل ١ ٠

And when the mountains are blown away.

meaning, they will be removed and no sight ortrace of them will remain.



8

This is as Allah says,

ر ی ل ل ا ـ ی و And they ask you concerning the mountains:

Say,

"My Lord will blast them and scatter them asparticles of dust.'' (20:105)

Allah also says,

ر د ـ و ة ز ر ض ر ا ى ت و ل ل ا م ی و ا أ م

And (remember) the Day We shall cause themountains to pass away (like clouds of dust), and

you will see the earth as a leveled plain, and weshall gather them all together so as to leave notone of them behind. (18:47)

Then He says,

أ لس ا ا ذ إ و ١ ١

And when the Messengers are Uqqitat .

Al-Àwfi narrated from Ibn Àbbas that he said thatUqqitat means "Gathered.''

Ibn Zayd said,

"This is similar to Allah's statement, ا م On the Day when Allah will gather theاMessengers together.

Mujahid said, أ (Uqqitat .)

"This means postponed,''

Ath-Thawri narrated from Mansur, who narrated fromIbrahim that he said concerning the word, أ(Uqqitat .)

"This means promised.''



9

It seems as though he holds this to be similar toAllah's statement,

ل ء ـ ج و ـ ل ا و و ر ر ض ر ا أ و ن ی ه و ل و ء ل ا و

And the earth will shine with the light of its Lord:and the Book will be produced; and the Prophetsand the witnesses will be brought forward; and itwill be judged between them with truth, and theywill not be wronged. (39:69)

Then Allah says,

ج أ م ی ي ل ١ ٢

ل ا م ل ١ ٣

ل ا م ی م ك ا ر د أ م و ١ ٤

ل م ی ی و ١ ٥

For what Day are these signs postponed?

For the Day of Sorting Out.

And what will explain to you what is the Day of SortingOut?Woe that Day to the deniers!

Allah is saying, `for which day are theMessengers postponed and their matter expected,so that the Hour will be established.'


م ا و ذ ی ل ا ن إ س ر و م ل ا ت و ت ـ ل ا و ض ر ا ض ر ا ل ت م ی ا ل ا ل ا و ز

ر ل ا

So think not that Allah will fail to keep Hispromise to His Messengers. Certainly, Allah isAlmighty, All-Able of Retribution.



10

On the Day when the earth will be changed toanother earth and so will be the heavens, andthey will appear before Allah, the One, theIrresistible. (14:47, 48)

This is the Day of Sorting Out, as Allah says,

ل ا م ل

the Day of Sorting Out.

Then Allah says, in magnifying its matter,

ل ا م ی م ك ا ر د أ م و

ی ی و ل م

And what will explain to you what is the Day of SortingOut?

Woe that Day to the deniers.

meaning, woe unto them from Allah's tormentthat is coming in the future.

ول ا ل أ077:16 Did We not destroy the ancients?

ی خ ا ث 077:17 So shall We make later generations tofollow them.

م ل ل آ 077:18 Thus do We deal with the criminals.

ل م ی ی و 077:19 Woe that Day to the deniers!



11

م مء م ل أ

077:20 Did We not create you from a despisedwater?

م ر ا ـ 077:21 Then We placed it in a place of safety,

م م ر ل إ

077:22 For a known period.

ـ ل ا ر ن و ر 077:23 So We did measure; and We are the best tomeasure.


ت آ ض ر ا ل أ077:25 Have We not made the earth Kifat (areceptacle)?

ت م أ و ء أ

077:26 For the living and the dead .

ت ا مء ـ س أ و ـ ـ س ا و ر ج و 077:27 And have placed therein fixed towers, andhave given you Furat water.




12

The Call to contemplate the various Manifestations of Allah'sPower

Allah says,

ول ل ا ل ١أ ٦

Did We not destroy the ancients?

meaning, those who rejected the Messengers andopposed what they came to them with.

ث ی خ ل ا ١ ٧

So shall We make later generations to follow them.

meaning, from those who are similar to them.

Thus, Allah says,

م ل ل آ ١ ٨

ل م ی ی و ١ ٩

Thus do We deal with the criminals.

Woe that Day to the deniers!Ibn Jarir said this.

Then Allah reminding His creatures of His favor,and using the beginning of creation to support theidea of repeating it,

He says:

م مء م ل ٢أ ٠

Did We not create you from a despised water?

meaning, weak and despised in comparison to thepower of the Creator.

This is similar to what has been reported in the Hadith of Busr bin Jahhash (that Allah says),

ه م م خ و ت أ م د ؟ا



13

"(O) Son of Adam!

How can you think that I am unable, and yet Icreated you from something like this (i.e.,semen)''

م ر ا ٢ ١

Then We placed it in a place of safety,

meaning, `We gathered him in the womb, wherethe fluid of the man and the woman settles. Thewomb has been prepared for this, as a protectorof the fluid deposited in it.

Allah said:

م م ر ل ٢إ ٢

For a known period.

meaning, for a fixed period of time, which is fromsix months to nine months.

Thus, Allah says,

ن و ر د ل ا ر ٢ ٣

ل م ی ی و ٢ ٤

So We did measure; and We are the best to measure.

Woe that Day to the deniers!

Then Allah says,

ت آ ض ر ل ا ل ٢أ ٥ تأ ا م أ و ء ٢ ٦

Have We not made the earth Kifat for the living and thedead?

Ibn Àbbas said,

"Kifat means a place of shelter.''

Mujahid said,



14

"It holds the dead so that nothing is seen of it.''

Ash-Sha`bi said,

"Its interior is for your dead and its surface is foryour living.''

Mujahid and Qatadah also said this.

ت م س ا و ر ج و ...

And have placed therein fixed towers,

meaning, the mountains. The earth is held inplace with them so that it does not shake andsway.

ت... ا مء آ س أ و ٢ ٧

and have given you Furat water.

meaning, cold and delicious water from the cloudsor from what He causes to gush forth from thesprings of the earth.

ل م ی ی و ٢ ٨


meaning, woe to whoever reflects upon thesecreated things which demonstrate the greatnessof their Creator, then after that continues toreject Him and disbelieve in Him.

ن ت آ م ل إ ا :(It will be said to the disbelievers) 077:29ا

"Depart you to that which you used to deny!''

ـ ث ى ذ ل إ ا ا

077:30 "Depart you to a shadow in three columns,''



15

ل ا م ی و 077:31 "Neither shady nor of any use against thefierce flame of the Fire.''

ل آ ر م ت إ 077:32 Verily, it (Hell) throws sparks (huge) as Al-Qasr,

ص ـ ج آ 077:33 As if they were Sufr camels.


ن ی م ی ا ـ ه

077:35 That will be a Day when they shall not speak(during some part of it),

ن و ر ل ن ذ ی و 077:36 And they will not be permitted to put forthany excuse.

ی و ل م ی 077:37 Woe that Day to the deniers (of the Day of Resurrection)!

ول ا و ـ ج ل ا م ی ا ـ ه

077:38 That will be a Day of Decision!

We have brought you and the men of old together!



16

ل ن آ ن ن و آ 077:39 So, if you have a plot, use it against Me(Allah)!


The driving of the Criminals to their Final Abode in Hell andhow it will be done

Allah informs about the disbelievers who deny the final abode,the recompense, Paradise, and the Hellfire. On the Day of Judgement it will be said to them:

ن ت آ م ل إ ا ٢ا ٩

ث ي ذ ل إ ا ا ث ٣ ٠

Depart you to that which you used to deny!

Depart you to a shadow in three columns,meaning, a flame of fire when it rises andascends with smoke. So due to its severity andstrength, it will have three columns.

ی ل و ل ل ا م ٣ ١

Neither shady nor of any use against the fierce flame of the Fire.

meaning, shade of the smoke that comes fromthe flame -- which itself will not have a shade,nor will it benefit against the flame.

This means it will not protect them from the heatof the flame. Allah said,

ل آ ر م ت ٣إ ٢

Verily, it throws sparks as Al-Qasr ,



17

meaning, its sparks will shoot out from its flamelike huge castles.

Ibn Masùd said, "Like forts.''

Ibn Àbbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Malik who reportedfrom Zayd bin Aslam and others said,

"This means the trunk of trees.''

آ ج ٣ ٣

As if they were Sufr camels.

means, black camels.

This is the view of Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah,

and Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Jarir favored this view.Ibn Àbbas Mujahid, and Saìd bin Jubayr said about, ج (Sufr camels.)

"Meaning ropes of ships.''

ل آ ر م ت إ

Verily, it (Hell) throws sparks as Al-Qasr .

Imam Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn Àbbas that he said:

"We were directed to the timber a length of threecubits or more in order to use it for constructionof buildings. We used to call it Al-Qasr .

ص ل ج آ

As if they were Sufr camels.

These ( Jimalat ) are ropes of ships that arebundled until they resemble the intestines of men.''

ل م ی ی و ٣ ٤




18

The Inability of the Criminals to speak, make Excuses, or stepforward on the Day of Judgement

Then Allah says,

ا نه ی ل م ی ٣ ٥

That will be a Day when they shall not speak,

meaning, they will not speak.

ن و ر ل ن ذ ی ل و ٣ ٦

And they will not be permitted to put forth any excuse.

meaning, they will not be able to speak, nor willthey be granted permission to speak so that theycan make excuses. Rather, the proof will beestablished against them, and they will be calledupon to speak about the wrong that they did, butthey will not be able to say anything. The courtsof the Day of Judgement will occur in stages.Sometimes the Lord informs of this stage andsometimes He informs of that stage. This is toshow the terrors and calamities of that Day. Thus,

after all the details of this discussion, He says: ل م ی ی و ٣ ٧


Then Allah says,

ول ل ا و آ ج ل ا م ی ا ٣ه ٨

ن و آ ل ن آ ن ٣ ٩

ل م ی ی و ٤ ٠

That will be a Day of Decision! We have brought you andthe men of old together! So if you have a plot, use itagainst Me!

This is an address from the Creator to His servants. Hesays to them, و ا و آ ج ا م ا ه (That will be a



19

Day of Decision! We have brought you and the men of old together!)

meaning, He will gather all of them by His poweron one common plane, He will make them hearthe caller and He will cause them to see.

Then He says, ن و آ ن آ ن (So, if you have a plot,use it against Me!)

This is a serious threat and a harsh warning. Itmeans, ìf you are able to save yourselves frombeing seized by Me, and rescue yourselves fromMy ruling, then do so. But you are certainly notable to do so.' This is as Allah says,

و ل ا ی ـ أ م ا و ت ن أ س ا ن إ ا ـ إ ن و ت ا و ض ر ا و ت ـ ل ا

O assembly of Jinn and men! If you have powerto pass beyond the zones of the heavens and theearth, then pass beyond (them)! But you willnever be able to pass them, except with authority(from Allah)! (55:33)

Allah also says, و ت و

And you will not harm Him in the least. (11:57)

It is narrated in a Hadith (that Allah said),

، ي د ی

ل ،إ ا ت و ي ا ت ل و

"O My servants!

You all can never attain My benefit and therebybenefit Me, and

you all can never attain My harm and therebyharm Me.''



20

و ـ ل ا ن نإ 077:41 Verily, those who had Taqwa, shall beamidst shades and springs.

ن ی م آ و 077:42 And fruits, such as they desire.

ن ت آ ه ا ا و ا آ 077:43 "Eat and drink comfortably for that whichyou used to do.''

ل ا ى ل آ إ

077:44 Verily, thus We reward the Muhsinin.


ن م م إ ا ت و ا آ 077:46 Eat and enjoy yourselves for a little while.

Verily, you are criminals.


ن آ ی ا آ ر ا ل ا ذ إ و 077:48 And when it is said to them: "Bow downyourself!''

They bow not down.



21


ن م ی ی ى 077:50 Then in what statement after this will theybelieve.

The Final Abode for Those Who have Taqwa

Allah informs

ل ا ن نإ و ل ٤ ١

Verily, those who had Taqwa , shall be amidst shadesand springs.

Allah informs that His servants who have Taqwa and worship Him by performing the obligationsand abandoning the forbidden things, will be ingardens and springs on the Day of Judgement.

This means they will be in the opposite conditionof the wretched people, who will be in shades of Al-Yahmum , which is purtrid, black smoke.

Allah says,

ن ی م آ ا و ٤ ٢

And fruits, such as they desire.

meaning, and from other types of fruits, they willhave whatever they request.

ن ت آ ه ا ا و ا آ ٤ ٣

Eat and drink comfortably for that which you used to do.

meaning, this will be said to them out of kindnessfor them. Reestablishing what He has previously

mentioned,



22

Allah says;

ل ا ي ل آ ٤إ ٤

Verily, thus We reward the Muhsinin .

meaning, `this is Our reward for whoever doesgood deeds.'

ل م ی ی و ٤ ٥


A Threat for Whoever denies the Day of Judgement

Allah says,

ن م م إ ا ت و ا آ ٤ ٦

Eat and enjoy yourselves for a little while.

Verily, you are criminals.

This is an address to the deniers of the Day of Judgement. It is commanding them with acommand of threat and intimidation.

Allah says,

ا ت و ا آ (Eat and enjoy yourselves for alittle while.)

meaning, for a period of time that is short, smalland brief.

ن م م ن إ (Verily, you are criminals.)

meaning, then you all will be driven to the fire of Hell which has already been mentioned.

ل م ی ی و ٤ ٧


This is similar to Allah's statement,

ب ا ل إ ه ث



23

We let them enjoy for a little while, then in theend We shall oblige them to a great torment.(31:24)

Allah also says,

ن ی ب ل ا ل ا ن و ی ی ل ا ن إ ل ا ـ م لی ا ب ا ل ا ی ث ج م ل إ ث

ن و ی ا آ Verily, those who invent a lie against Allah, willnever be successful.

(A brief) enjoyment in this world! And then untoUs will be their return, then We shall make themtaste the severest torment because they used todisbelieve. (10:69,70)

Then Allah says,

ن آ ی ل ا آ ر ا ل ا ذ إ و ٤ ٨

And when it is said to them: "Bow down yourself!''

They bow not down.

meaning, when these ignorant disbelievers areordered to pray with the congregation (of believers), they refuse and turn away from itarrogantly.

Thus, Allah says,

ل م ی ی و ٤ ٩


Then Allah says,

ی ي ن م ی ٥ ٠

Then in what statement after this will they believe?

meaning, if they do not believe in this Qur'an,then what talk will they believe in.




24

ن م ی ـ ی ا ء و ل ا ی ى Then in which speech after Allah and His Ayat willthey believe (45: 6)

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Mursalat , and all

praise and thanks are due to Allah. He is the Giver of successand security.

Documents

Tafsir ibn Kathir - 077 Mursalat