Tackling Societal Challenges

7/25/2019 Tackling Societal Challenges

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Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges: Interim Report

Sophie Tang and Odette Paramor &

The University of Nottingham Ningbo China

May 2014

2014 5


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DragonSTAR: Task 3.3 Tackling Societal Challenges

i

Preface

The work presented in this report is on-going and should be considered a work-in-progress.

Two approaches are being used to achieve Task 3.3

which required DragonSTAR to,

Assess the scientific state of the art in China and European in two specific topics of societal importance and study a

number of potential synergies. The status of cooperation will be studied as well as very specific challenges (under the

two areas) that need to be further addressed through joint research strategies.

The first approach uses two case studies in areas of societal importance (water security and urban agriculture) to

identify areas for potential Sino-European collaboration in the future. These topics were selected because there is

high-level interest in further collaboration (e.g. EU-China Joint Declaration on Urbanisation 2012 and the ongoing

China-EU Dialogue on Agriculture and Rural Development) or because funded examples of Sino-European research

collaboration exist (e.g. FP7 SPRING, EuropeAid EU-China River Basin Management Programme). Also, they are both

topics of global significance and limiting factors in Chinas economic and social development.

At this stage of the project, the approach used was to identify the main drivers of research in these areas in China,

the main funding agencies, the types of research currently funded and the areas which likely to be funded in the

future. Whilst most reviews of Chinese research focus on work which is published in the international literature, the

vast majority of research funded in China is not well represented in this forum. DragonSTAR has instead tried to

focus attention on the projects which have received funding and then searched for research outputs. Due to the

complexities of the Chinese funding systems, much of this information is highly fragmented, difficult to obtain and

presented in highly technical language which is often difficult to translate into English. It is also worth noting that the

information gathered for this report is that which has been considered suitable for public release. There will be

considerable information withheld from public scrutiny, particularly from international scrutiny, for reasons of

confidentiality and concerns about how the information will be used.

The second approach involves interviewing Chinese and European scientists who have first-hand experience of

conducting EU-China research for their recommendations on how best to develop links and deliver research with

China or Europe based researchers, the challenges they have faced, as well as their experience and views of the

more technical aspects of project management and coordination. The interviews for the pilot study have been

completed but are yet to be analysed so the results are not presented here. The full interview campaign will begin in

the summer of 2014. Researchers working in the two case study areas described above will be targeted

preferentially.

Both approaches will be combined to identify specific topics for future collaboration with guidelines on best practice

on how to support and deliver research in these areas from the view point of the researchers.

Odette Paramor and Sophie Tang

Ningbo, P.R. China

May 2014


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Index

Preface

Index

1. Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Availability of Information ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Idiosyncrasies of the Chinese Funding System ......................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 Guanxi () .......... ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.2 Standing on the Shoulders of Giants............................................................................................ 4

1.2.3 Risk ................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.2.4 Rivalries between Funders ...... 4

1.2.5 Jiangke Fei () ..................................................................................................................... 5

2. Water Security .......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Chinese Water Policies ............................................................................................................................. 9

2.2.1 12th Five Year Plan ................ ........................................................................................................ 10

2.2.2 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development................ 14

2.3

Funding Programmes ............................................................................................................................... 16

2.3.1 Chinese Funding Schemes ......................................................... .................................................. 16

2.3.1.1 Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (Water Programme)... 16

2.3.1.2 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) .............................................................. 42

2.3.2 International collaboration ........ 42

2.3.2.1 EU-China ....... 44

2.3.2.2 ChinaEU Member State Cooperation ........ 483 Urban Agriculture ..................................................................................................................................... 48

3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 48

3.2 Chinese Food Security Policies ................................................................................................................. 50

3.3

Urban Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... 57

3.4 Chinese Policies on Urban Agriculture .................................................................................................... 58

3.4.1 Chinese Government Incentives for Urban Agriculture ............................................................... 59

3.4.2 Chinese Public Research Funding Schemes ................................................................................. 59

3.5 Urban Agriculture Research Foci in China ................................................................................................ 60

3.5.1 Urban Agriculture Key Laboratories ............................................................................................. 60

3.5.1.1 Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture (KLUAS) ............................ 61

3.5.2 NSFC-Funded Urban Agriculture Projects .................... ............................................................... 62

3.5.3 Chinese Urban Agriculture Experts .............................................................................................. 66

3.5.4 Case studies promoted by the 2014 No.1 Document .................................................................. 69

3.5.5 Commercial Investment in Urban Agriculture .............................................................................. 69

3.5.5.1 IEDA and Vertical Farming ............................................................................................................. 69

3.5.6 RUAF and Chinese Demonstrator Cities .......................................................................................... 70

4. Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 71

5. Reference ...................................................................................................................................................

72


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1. Background

1.1 Availability of Information

Chinas investment in science and technology is advancing at a prodigious rate [1], yet there is a growing anxietyamongst its political and scientific leaders that despite these investments the domestic innovation system is still

underperforming [2-4]. There have been several excellent recent reviews of the Chinese research system which

provide possible reasons for this limited impact and which identify several areas of the system which are in urgent

need of reform to address this issue [2, 4, 5]. Two of the main issues relate to the high level of fragmentation in the

funding system and its lack of transparency. These issues were also encountered in the preparation of this report

when trying to collect information on research being conducted in China and are worth describing as they impact

international understanding and knowledge of Chinese research and innovation and will affect any attempts to

identify research areas of mutual interest.

A highly fragmented funding system

Researchers can apply for funding from several sources as most ministries and funding organisations have

overlapping research remits. For instance, projects to support one of the 16 national Major Science and Technology

Programmes (also called Mega-Engineering Projects) on Water Pollution Control may be eligible for funding from

the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) and the Ministry of Science

and Technology (MoST) who all have overlapping responsibilities for research in this area. To complicate things

further, most ministries also operate a hierarchical funding structure with the same pattern of grants available at the

different levels (e.g. applications for Key Labs can be made at the municipal, provincial and national levels under

the general remit of MoST but administered by MoST bureaux operating at the different levels), often with no clear

lines of communication between the different ministries or between the different levels of a ministry1. Overlying this

structure are other funding organisations, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), who

may also fund research of relevance to this programme. Identifying where to start looking for information on specific

research disciplines is in itself a difficult task.

Commercial Chinese companies are now also investing in research and development and there have been several

significant investments in universities and research institutions both domestically and internationally in recent years

[6, 7]. Sources of information on these types of research funding are particularly fragmented but do tend to be

advertised.

1 It has been widely reported that this complicated system with its lack of clear lines of communication between and within

ministries has led to an exploitation of the system with identical research proposals being submitted to, and funded by, multiple

agencies.


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A lack of transparency & information about funded research

Information on the research funded by the different ministries and funding organisations, such as the NSFC, is not

published widely and is not usually available on their websites. The reasons for this are likely to be complex, but

include concerns about confidentiality and how the information will be used and interpreted, particularly by

foreigners. During the compilation of the case studies for this report, only limited information on funded projects

had been considered suitable for public release on the internet and none of it had been translated into English or

other languages thereby excluding this intelligence from the vast majority of international researchers who may also

be working in these areas.

The general lack of transparency in how research funding has been used has been widely reported in the Chinese

and international media as there have been several high profile investigations into the misappropriation of research

funds [8]. There are claims that only around 40% of Chinese research funding has actually been used for scientific

research.

International scientific databases such as Scopus and Web of Knowledge further exacerbate the problem of

identifying research conducted by specific Chinese researchers as their software does not recognise Chinese

characters. This forces Chinese researchers to translate their names into pinyin and/or adopt more Anglicised

versions of their names2[9]. Estimates by the Chinese Ministry of Public Security suggest that more than 1.1 billion

people (approximately 85% of Chinas population) use only 129 surnames. This low diversity in names is reduced

further with pinyin, as the same pinyin name can be used to represent several different names in Chinese

characters3. This makes it extremely difficult to search for publications associated with a Chinese project using

standard international scientific tools even if one knows the name and institution of a projects PI which are the

types of information most likely to be released by funding agencies4. These databases are now assigning unique

identifier codes to researchers but these are not well used for the moment and there is still considerable confusion.

2Pinyin uses the Latin alphabet to represent phonetic sounds in Chinese and is used in place of Chinese characters (e.g. is

translated into Ai Ling in pinyin. In this case, it is common to convert Ai Ling into Aileen or Eileen in English). The situation

can be complicated even further as some characters can have multiple spellings in pinyin (e.g. can be spelled as Le, or Yue

in pinyin and researchers may not be consistent in their use of pinyin name).

3For instance, the pinyin name Wu can be used to represent five different Chinese names ( ), Yu may

represent five names (), Qiu may represent four names () and so on.

4A Scopus search returned 3016 documents in 28 different fields of research when asked to find work published by a researcher

named Wang, Y. at Chongqing University. This is not unusual.


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1.2 Idiosyncrasies of the Chinese Funding System

The idiosyncrasies of the Chinese funding system are also worth noting as there are significant cultural differences

between the EU and China systems (the observations made here are the personal observations of the authors and

do not reflect the views of their institution or funders). These primarily relate to:

1.2.1 Guanxi ()

The concept of guanxi in China cannot easily be explained in English, but essentially it relates to a special type of

mutualistic relationship in which individuals support and promote each other to other individuals or organisations,

forming a network which permeates through both the professional and personal aspects of their lives. Many guanxi

relationships are made during the training stages of a researcher s life at school and university but they may also be

made later in life based on individuals have the same hometown or some other shared commons (including

extended families). Whilst the social status of individuals in a guanxi relationship may differ, it is expected that the

relationship will be balanced in terms of the reciprocal benefits each receives in the longer term.

The influence of guanxi on research in China cannot be underestimated, particularly at municipal and provincial

levels. From the personal experiences of the authors, and from anecdotal evidence of Chinese researcher colleagues,

significant amounts of research funding are allocated privately in this way. Without guanxi (whether an individuals

own or via one of their guanxi benefactors), it can be extremely difficult for a researcher to receive funding or even

be able to network and meet new collaborators within China. Both of these activities require that researchers are

introduced to funders and potential collaborators via guanxi relationships. In this area, social events are a

particularly important tool to help build and reinforce new links. Significant grant applications require months if not

years of preparation and relationships with the key contacts are usually first developed in a social arena.

From the perspective of funding agencies, guanxi is seen as a positive phenomenon as it means that funders can

support and work with researchers who have been personally recommended to them by trusted associates. Unlike in

Europe where individual researchers are assessed using more clinical measures requiring documented proof of their

credibility and an assessment by evaluators who may not know them, the Chinese system relies instead on a morepersonal approach which many in China consider to be more efficient and reliable.

Whilst foreign researchers are not expected to understand the finer aspects of guanxi, they are usually expected to

understand the general concept if they intend to work in China, and will need to consider what they have to offer

potential guanxi contacts to balance any assistance or hospitality they may receive. It is considered extremely

disrespectful not to reciprocate if one has benefited from a guanxi relationship.


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1.2.2 Standing on the shoulders of giants

Applying for Chinese grants requires that the researcher is both humble and respectful towards senior Chinese

researchers in the field. Not only must the supporting text of a proposal be balanced between research conducted in

China and internationally, but the proposers must also cite and acknowledge the contribution made by those senior

scientists who are likely to be reviewing their applications (for this reason, the list of evaluators are supplied in this

report where possible). Proposals which fail to emphasise any one of these three aspects are unlikely to be properly

reviewed and are unlikely to succeed.

Also, promotion of an applicants own work in a proposal is not considered to be a demonstration of their

competence and credibility in an area, but is instead perceived as boastful and uncouth. Again, this will damage a

proposals chances of success.

1.2.3 Risk

Whilst some funding agencies such as the NSFC are reforming their approach to risk, most Chinese funders are highly

risk averse. Proposals must contain clear unambiguous descriptions of their intended outcomes supported by

detailed descriptions of how those outcomes will be achieved. The level of detail required in a Chinese application is

significantly higher than that demanded by EU grant applications. Researchers must be confident that the project

outcomes can delivered before work has even started as failure will affect the success of future grant applications

and hinder the careers of the researchers involved.

Funders also try to reduce risk by focussing most of their resources on the more experienced researchers. Eligibility

for most grants is determined by whether a researcher has a track history of successful grant management. For

instance, the NSFC will only accept applications for its International Cooperation Programme from NSFC grant

holders who have successfully delivered at least one smaller project. Although exceptions have been made for a few

very senior international researchers, most international researchers working in China will need to prove themselves

capable of delivering smaller Chinese grants before they will be eligible to apply for the larger grants even if they

have substantial international research experience.

1.2.4 Rivalries between Funders

Many Chinese ministries operated a hierarchical funding structure at national, provincial and municipal (city) levels

with the same pattern of funding supported at each level. For instance international cooperation grants may be

available from a single ministry at national, provincial and municipal levels and administered independently at each

level. It has been reported that this structure can lead to rivalries between funders at the different levels

(particularly provincial and municipal levels) and within levels (e.g. between different cities in a province or between

provinces). For instance, it is generally considered more difficult for researchers in the wealthy city of Ningbo to


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obtain grants from the Zhejiang province-level funders than from their municipal-level funders. The general

perception for this is that Zhejiang-level funders would prefer to prioritise research in the provinces capital city of

Hangzhou which hosts Zhejiang University (one of the top five universities in China) or other less wealthy cities in the

province than send money to Ningbo whose municipal-level schemes can afford to support the research of its own

universities. Again, the issue of guanxi may also play a role here. National-level funding schemes are generally

considered to be the most fair (e.g. NSFC).

1.2.5 Jiangke Fei ()

Jiangke fei is a cash payment made to senior researchers to attend Chinese -organised workshops and conferences.

These honoraria are usually given to key note speakers but also any senior delegates who may attend (in addition to

their travel and subsistence costs). For some academics, this is an important supplement to their income as Chinese

universities pay relatively low salaries compared to other professional groups. Current rates are between 500

2000RMB a day for a senior researcher but can be in excess of 5000RMB for a distinguished guest speaker.

Jiangke fei are mentioned here as they are essential for hosting workshops in China and i t is extremely difficult to

claim these types of expenses from international funding sources as there is no clear audit trail.


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2. Water Security

2.1 Introduction

Water is essential for life and may be considered a limiting factor in Chinas economic a nd social development. As a

country, China suffers from a severe shortage of water as a result of both its climate5and demographics, but these

shortages are being further exacerbated by significant levels of water pollution in many parts of the country and the

long-term effects of a fragmented and ineffective water governance system. Chinas per capita availability of

renewable water is around 28% of the world average, but water consumption per unit of GDP is three times the

world average because of water intensive industrial structure, outdated technologies, low reuse rate and

wastefulness [10]. The Chinese Ministry of Water Resources has reported that two thirds of Chinas 669 cities are

suffering from water shortages, with 110 classified as severe[11].

In terms of demographics, much of Chinas population, agricultural land and industry is located towards the north,

whilst the majority of its water is located in the south and there are extreme disparities in the water resources

available per capita across the country (Figure 1 and Table 1). For instance, the Huang, Huai and Hai Rivers and their

catchment areas (see Figure 2 for their location) support 34% of Chinas population but contain only 7.5% of its

freshwater resources (Table 2). This area is also responsible for the delivery of 34% of the countrys food production

whose productivity is strongly affected by water availability so there are also important implications for the countrys

food security [12]. By contrast, the south of the country supports 53% of the total population but contains 80.9% of

the nations water (Table 2).

Water is used primarily for agricultural, industrial and for domestic purposes and demands for increased water

resources are increasing across all three areas (Table 3). The proportions of water used for these purposes are

changing too as a result of increased economic development, urbanisation and population size (Table 3). Agricultural

demands claim the highest proportion6, but overall demand from industry has doubled from 10% in 1983 to 23% in

2006 [11] and there is a growing demand from the increasing urban

5 The temporal dynamics of Chinas water resources are determined by precipitation and approximately 98% of Chinas surface waters are

recharged in this way [5].

6 Roughly, the production of one tonne of crop requires 1000 litres of water so there are major water resources issues if China demandsincreased domestic food security.


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Figure 1. Per capita availability of water by province in 1998 [13]

population with the installation of indoor plumbing, showers and flush toilets in their accommodation [14]. The

increased demand for energy across these three sectors also has implications for water security as water is essential

for the generation of the majority of Chinas electricity acting as a coolant in power plants, generating energythrough hydroelectricity stations, in addition to the requirements for the manufacture and construction of

equipment for power generation [15]. It has been suggested that up to 97% of Chinas electricity generation is

dependent upon water [16].

Table 1. Measures of water scarcity [17]

Water availability,

m3per capita per year

Consequences

< 1700 Disruptive water shortages can occur frequently< 1000 Severe water shortages can occur threatening food production and

economic development

< 500 Absolute water scarcity


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Table 2. Spatial distribution of Chinas water resources and per capita availability [17]

Region

Mean annual renewable water resources,

billions m3(%) Population,

Millions (%)

Annual per

capita water

resources,

m3

Surface water Ground water Total

North (total) 450.7 (16.6) 255.1 (30.8) 535.8 (19.1) 592.4 (45.2) 904.1

Song-Liao 165.3 (6.1) 62.5 (7.5) 192.8 (6.9) 119.6 (9.1) 1621.1

Hai-Luan 28.8 (1.1) 26.5 (3.2) 42.1 (1.5) 133.9 (10.2) 314.4

Huai 74.1 (2.7) 39.3 (4.7) 96.1 (3.4) 198.8 (15.2) 483.4

Yellow 66.1 (2.4) 40.6 (4.9) 74.4 (2.6) 110.6 (8.4) 672.4

Northwest 116.4 (4.3) 86.2 (10.4) 130.4 (4.6) 29.5 (2.3) 4417.2

South (total) 2260.8 (83.4) 591.7 (69.3) 2276.6 (80.9) 694.7 (53.0) 3276.6

Yangtze 951.3 (35.1) 246.4 (29.7) 961.3 (34.2) 428.3 (32.7) 2244.7

Pearl 468.5 (17.3) 111.6 (13.5) 470.8 (16.7) 171.0 (13.0) 2753.3

South Eastern 255.7 (9.4) 61.3 (7.4) 259.2 (9.2) 74.5 (5.7) 3481.3

South Western 585.3 (21.6) 154.4 (18.6) 583.3 (20.8) 20.9 (1.6) 28064.7

Total 2711.5 (100) 828.8 (100) 2812.4 (100) 1311.1 (100) 2145.1

Figure 2. The location of Chinas main rivers and main tributaries [18]

Hai River ()

Yellow River

(Huang He/)

Huai River ()

Yangtze River

(Chiang Jiang/)

Pearl River ()

Liao River ()


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Table 3. Projections of water demand in the North China Plain provinces (millions m3

and (%)) between 1998

2020 [13]

Province YearUrban and

ruralIndustry Agriculture

Total

water useIncrement

Beijing

1998 1224.00(30.24)

1084.00(26.79)

1739.00(42.97)

4047.00

20101509.66

(33.47)

1366.93

(30.31)

1633.64

(36.22)4510.23 463.23

20201780.31

(36.35)

1565.61

(31.97)

1551.16

(31.68)4897.08 850.08

Tianjin

1998485.00

(22.53)

619.00

(28.75)

1049.00

(48.72)2153.00

2010655.34

(27.07)

780.57

(32.24)

985.44

(40.70)2421.35 268.35

2020

815.96

(30.54)

894.02

(33.79)

935.69

(35.37) 2645.66 492.66

Hebei

19982173.00

(9.60)

2700.00

(11.93)

17754.00

(78.46)22627.00

20103195.61

(14.05)

3404.73

(20.46)

16678.32

(65.49)23278.66 651.66

20204176.02

(18.00)

3899.59

(22.44)

15836.24

(59.56)23911.85 1284.85

Shandong

19982445.00

(11.96)

4342.00

(15.83)

18656.00

(72.17)25443.00

20103760.14

(17.14)

5475.30

(18.85)

17525.67

(64.01)26761.12 1318.12

20205028.64

(20.83)

6271.12

(19.78)

16640.81

(55.68)27940.57 2497.57

Henan

19982789.00

(11.76)

3693.00

(16.03)

16836.00

(72.21)23327.00

20104234.89

(16.35)

4656.91

(19.20)

15815.94

(64.45)24707.75 1380.75

20205618.07

(20.41)

5333.77

(21.04)

15017.40

(58.55)26969.24 2642.24

2.2 Chinese Water Policies

The management of water resources in China is a complex process governed by several ministries with overlapping

remits operating at different levels of government (Figure 3). Whilst it has long been recognised that China is facing

a water crisis, reform of its water resource management did not begin until the late 1990s following a period of

extreme water shortages which threatened food security [14, 17]. More recently there have been three policy

documents which have rapidly advanced the reform of water management: the 11th

Five Year Plan (2006 2010),

the 12th

Five Year Plan (2011-2015) and the 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and

Development 2011-2020.


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2.2.1 12th

Five Year Plan

The 12th Five Year Plan continued the water reforms initiated in the 11th

Five Year Plan (see Table 4 for examples of

projects funded) and demanded:

(1) A reduction in water usage by industry & agriculture

A 30% reduction in water intensity (water consumed per unit of value-added industrial output).

Unfortunately, this will still lead to an overall increase in water usage from 599 billion m3 in 2010 to 620

billion m3by 2015 as China continues its economic development.

Investments in water management and infrastructure to improve irrigation for agriculture.

(2) Pollution targets

A 10% reduction in ammonium nitrate and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from 2007 levels. These

targets were set following the first national census of water pollution in 2010 when it was discovered thatmore than 6 million sources of residential, industrial and agricultural pollution were missing from previous

measures of water contamination and that >40% of Chinas CODand >55% of its nitrogen discharges come

from agricultural sources. The impact of these target on food production and security is unclear.

A 15% reduction in heavy metal pollution (specifically lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium and arsenic) by

2015 from 2007 levels.

(3) Infrastructure

Accelerate the construction of wastewater treatment and recycling pipes.

(4) Water quality

Improve the water quality of rivers and lakes.

(5) Water fee

The development of a water fee collection structure at central and local levels to implement the most

stringent water management system[16].

The demonstrator areas and projects identified for the 12th

Five Year Plan include over 300 technology projects

focussed on improving water quality in several major river basins (namely three rivers7, three lakes

8, a stream

9, and

a reservoir10

)[19]. These projects include:

Thewholeprocesstreatment technology of heavy-polluted industrialwastewater (

);

7Three rivers refer to River Huai (), River Hai () and River Liao ().

8Three lakes refer to Lake Tai (), Lake Chaoand Lake Dian.

9A stream refers to Stream Songhua ().

10A reservoir refers to Three Gorges Reservoir ().
http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=whole&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=process&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=treatment&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=wastewater&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=wastewater&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=treatment&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=process&FORM=BDVSP6http://cn.bing.com/dict/search?q=whole&FORM=BDVSP6


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The comprehensively harnessing techniques of heavy-polluted river and eutrophic lakes (

);

Non-point source pollution control technology ();

Water purification technology applicable to different water resources and quality ();

The risk assessment and warning by remote sensing and monitoring of water environment (

);

The development of equipment for monitoring and warning ();

The purification of drinking water to improve quality ();

Network leak detection equipment ().


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Table 4. 11th

Five Year Plan: Water Programmes funded by the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control and Treatment

Theme Project Where What Who

Lakes

Watershed Pollution Management and

Eutrophication Comprehensive Control

Technology and Demonstration/

2008ZX07102

Beijin and River

Dian in Yunnan

Province

Lake Dianchi is one of the three lakes on Chinese central government' s agenda for

implementing immediate eutrophication and algal bloom controlA six-step

methodology framework on long-term watershed management planning was

proposed in this paper to meet the decision making requirements on eutrophication

controlThe framework is based on lake carrying capacity and Total Maximum Daily

Load ( TMDL) and consists of components including eutrophication diagnosis

investigation and evaluationTMDL and carrying capacity calculationplanning

tasks designingadaptive managementand strategic solutions proposalAn

integrated load reduction system was thereby designed to achieve water quality goals

in two planning periods and under four watershed-scale developmentscenariosThe strategic solutions were then proposed for eutrophication control in

Lake Dianchi

College of Environmental Science

and Engineering, Peking University

(PI: Huaicheng Guo), and

the Key Laboratory of Water and

Sediment Sciences Ministry of

EducationPeking University

Integration Research of Lake Eutrophication

Comprehensive Control Technology (

)

(2009ZX07106-005) with 6 sub-themes.

Xiaozhen Hu () from Chinese

Research Academy of

Environmental Science (

)

The Research and Demonstration of

Environment Comprehensive Management

and Ecological Restoration Technology for

the Arid and Semi - arid Regions (

)2009ZX07106-004

Xinjiang

Province

Hongqiang Hong () from the

Chinese Research Academy of

Lakes, Xinjiang (

)

The Conservation of Water Quality and

Quantity and Habitat Improvement

Technology for Typical Water Shortages in

the North (

)2009ZX07106-

003

Dongchanghu

City

Research and development of wetland purifying water quality and Optimal Allocation

of Water Replenishment of Water Technology to support water environment

improvement in the North.

Qimin Ma () from Ocean

University of China (

The Water Quality Improvement AquaticVegetation Construction Technology of

Typical Southern Urban Landscape (

)2009ZX07106-002

Hangzhou City,

Zhenbin Wu () from

Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS (

)

River

The Integrated Technology of Overall

Treatment for Water Environment

2009ZX07212-

005

Special River

Binghu Tian () from the

Research Center for Eco-

Environmental Science, CAS (

)


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The Research and Demonstration of the Key

Technology of Water Pollution Control and

Wetland Ecological Restoration for the

Upper Reaches of Yellow River Irrigation

Area of Farmland (

)2009ZX07212-004

Special River

Zhengli Yang () from

Institute of Environment and

Sustainable Development in

agirculture, CAAS (

)

The Key Technology and Engineering

Demonstration for Water Quality Safety

and Security of Main Canal in the South-to-

North Water Transfer Project (

)2009ZX07212-003Four Years

. Key words:

Hanhong Chenfrom

China University of Geosciences in

Beijing

Monitoring

and Warning

Study on the Framework of Environmental

Technology Verification (ETV)

2009ZX07529-007

Qianwu Song () Chinese

Research Academy of

Environmental Science (

)


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14

2.2.2 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development

The 2011 No.1 Document on Accelerating Water Conservancy Reform and Development 2011-2020 is the single

most important piece of water-specific legislation in China. It was introduced to accelerate the reform of water

resource management and achieve sustainable use of water within the decade with a budget of 4000 trillion RMB

(500 billion) over ten years [10, 20]. This was double the previous budget [21]. A Three Red Lines structure was

used to set targets and operationalise the policy [20]. These were:

(1) The Red Line to limit total water use by demand management11

, with a target of reducing the total

quantity of water consumed nationwide to below 700 billion m3by 2030;

(2) The Red Line to achieve higher water use efficiency in industry and agriculture, with targets for attaining

or approaching world advanced levels of water use efficiency in these areas;

(3) The Red Line to improve water quality by reducing pollution loads within Water Functional Zones, with

targets controlling the total quantity of major pollutants discharged into rivers and lakes to within the

pollutant absorption capacity of the water function areas and raising water quality compliance rates in such

areas to higher than 95%.

In order to realise the Three Red Lines, additional shorter-term targets for water resource management were

specified for 2015 and 2020. The priorities for investment for the first phase (2010-2015) were identified as: water

resource security (35% of the investment), flood control and disaster relief (28%), irrigation and farmland

conservation (20%) and water and soil conservation (7%).

11Demand-driven water resource management ignores the economic nature of water resources and can lead to escalations in

conflict between locally limited water availability and water demand 17. Jiang, Y., China's water scarcity.Journal of

Environmental Management, 2009. 90(11): p. 3185-3196..


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15

Figure 3. Overview of government hierarchy related to the management of water resources [22]


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16

2.3 Funding Programmes

Research in the area of water security covers an extremely broad range of issues across multiple disciplines and may

be funded by both the public and private sectors.

2.3.1 Chinese Funding Schemes

In terms of the funding available from the State, all the government ministries presented in Figure 3, in addition to

the Ministry of Science and Technology, support research into on water security. Support is also available from the

more traditional funding bodies such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the Chinese

Academy of Sciences (CAS) have their own funding schemes too (via CAS, the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE),

the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST) and the Chinese Academy of Agriculture (CAAS)).

2.3.1.1 Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (Water Programme)This section focusses on the funding programmes available through the 12

th Five Year Plan Major Science and

Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control which is one of the 16 mega-engineering projects supported

by the Five Year Plan programme. Funding for this particular programme may be accessed through several ministries

including the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Science and Technology. The funding

programme for the Ministry of Environmental Protection provided the most complete information on their work

programme in this area.

(1)

Ministry of Science and Technology

The Water Pollution Control Programme was the largest investment for MoST in water pollution control since 1949

and is worth up to 30 billion RMB [23]. The focus of the MoST involvement is to address key and common

technological issues related to water pollution control and treatment which limit the

The Ministry of Environmental Protection categorised its funding economic and social development of China.

(2) Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)

for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control under six themes which were lakes,

rivers, urban, drinking water, monitoring & warning and strategy & policy. These themes were further sub-

categorised according to specific geographic regions or water sheds.

In 2013, there were four rounds of calls under this programme which were published in May, assessed in June with

successfully funded projects starting in January 2014. Funding came from both central and local sources and was not

usually equally balanced. The list of calls and successful projects are listed in Tables 5, 7, 9 & 11 and Tables 6, 8, 10 &

12 respectively. There was no obvious underlying theme to each of the calls, although the first call had a strong

technology and industrialisation focus to its nine calls and were all supported by budgets over 17 million RMB (Table

5), the second call was dominated by demonstrator schemes (Table 7), the third call was formed of a mixture of 17


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17

calls including a couple of relatively small policy schemes (worth 5 million RMB) (Table 9) and the fourth call was

composed of nine large demonstrator schemes (worth between 50 - 105 million RMB each) (Table 11).

MEP published two additional calls in June 2013 on Domestic Water Pollution Control (seven calls worth 20 -180

million RMB each) (Table 13) and Securing Drinking Water Safety (ten calls worth 20 -180 million RMB each) (Table

14).

The experts used to evaluate the proposals are listed in Tables 15 & 16. Experts are classified as generalists or

specialists under this scheme.


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18

Table 5. First call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name

Expenditure

(Million RMB) ThemeLocal Organization and

ImplementationDuration

Central Local

Liao RiverTechnology

Demonstration

The River Catchment Ecological

Supportability Adjustment and

Pollution Reduction Management

Technology Research (

)

The Adjustment and Optimising Technology

Research of River Catchment Landscape Ec ology

based on marine ecology system health (

)

17 0

Monitoring

and

Warning

Liao Ning Provincial

Department of

Environmental Protection

(), Liao River

Conservation/ Reserve

Area Bureau (

)

01/2014-

12/2016

Stream

Songhua

Technology

Demonstration

The Key Technology and OverallDemonstration of Stream

Songhua Pollution P revention

and Treatment, and Ecological

Restoration (

)

The Demonstrative Research into Key Technology

of Stream Songhua Water Ecological Integrity

Evaluation and Restoration (

)

17 17 River

Hei Long Jiang P rovincialDepartment of


(), Ji Lin

Provincial Department of


()

01/2014-

12/2016

Huai RiverTechnology

Demonstration

Technology Research and Overall

Demonstration of Water Quality

Improvement and Water

Ecological Restoration in Huai

River Catchment (

)

The Key Technology Research and Demonstration

of Water Quality- Water Quantity-Water Ecological

United Dispatch for Huai River Catchment (

--

)

20 30 River

Huai River Basin Water

Resources Protection

Bureau (

)

01/2014-

12/2016

Chao LakeTechnology

Demonstration

Technology and Project

Demonstration of Water

Pollution Control and Heavy

Metal Area Overall Treatment for

Chao Lake (

)

The Technology Integration and Project

Demonstration of Improving Water Quality by

Controlling Cyanobacteria in Western Water

Source Area in Chao Lake (

)

20 30 Lake

Three

Gorges

Reservoir

Technology

Demonstration

Technology and Project

Demonstration of Water

Pollution Overall Prevention and

Treatment for Three Gorges

Reservoir (

)

The Key Technology Research and Demonstration

of United Dispatch based on Three Gorges

Reservoir and its Downstream Water Environment

(

)

20 20 Lake


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Key River

CatchmentIndustrialized

The Key Technology and Industrialized

Demonstration of The Paper Industry Water

Pollution Control in Key River Catchment (

)

30 60 River

Key River


The Key Technology and Industrialized

Demonstration of Pollution Processing and

Recycling for The Printing and Dyeing Industry

Cluster Area in the Key River Catchment (

)

30 60 River

Key River

Catchment

Industrialized

The Overall Demonstration Research of Water

Pollution Treatment and Environmental Protection

Service Mode for the Industrial Park (

)

30 60 River

Key River


The Demonstration of Water Environment

Monitoring Instrument Research and Development,

and Socialized Online -monitoring and

Industrialized the Service (

)

30 60 Lake


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Table 6. Projects funded under the first call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Project

No.Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local organizational joint trial unit

2014ZX

071040

05

The Key Technology Research and Demonstration of United Dispatch based on

Three Gorges Reservoir and its Downstream Water Environment (

)

Wuhan University/ Guolu Yang/Comprehensive

Demonstration

Chongqing City, Hubei P rovince/

2014ZX

072040

06

The Key Technology Research and Demonstration of Water Quality- Water

Quantity-Water Ecological United Dispatch for Huai River Catchment (

--)

Wuhan University/ Jun Xia/Comprehensive

Demonstration

Huai River Water Resources

Committee/

(http://szy.hrc.gov.cn/SystemPortal/Portal/Main/HomePage.aspx)

2014ZX

072130

01

The Key Technology and Industrialized Demonstration of The Paper Industry

Water Pollution Control in Key River Catchment (

)

China Paper Association/

Kexia Chen/ Industrialization

2014ZX

072150

01

The Key Technology and Industrialized Demonstration of P ollution Processing

and Recycling for The Printing and Dyeing Industry Cluster Area in the Key River

Catchment ()

Xiamen Weishibang Membrane

Technology Co. Ltd/

(http://xmvisbe.jdol.com.cn/)

Taishan Shi/ Industrialization

2012ZX

07501

The River Catchment Ecological Supportability Adjustment and Pollution

Reduction Management Technology Research (

)


Environmental Sciences/

Yuan Zhang/

2014ZX

075070

01

The Demonstration of Water Environment Monitoring Instrument Research and

Development, and Socialized Online -monitoring and Industrialized the Service

()

Focused Photonics Inc. /

(http://www.fpi-inc.com/)

Huajun Ye/Common/ Generic

Technology

2012ZX

07204

Water quality improvement and water ecological restoration in the Huai River

CatchmentNanjing University/

Aimin Li/

Deputy chief/

of specialists in

theme two

http://hjxy.nju.edu.cn

/liam/news/?107.html


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21

Table 7. Second call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure

(Million RMB)

Theme

Central Local

Liao River

(inflow)

Technology

Demonstration

Research and demonstration of promoted

governance and technology system for

watershed water pollution prevention and

treatment technology evaluation

(Verification) /

()

Technology verification (ETV) and application demonstration

of water pollution reduction in Liao River and other river

catchments/ETV

18 5 Monitoring

and Warning

Songhua River

(outflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration

The Key Technology and Comprehensive

Demonstration of Songhua PollutionPrevention and Treatment, and Ecological

Restoration /

Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration

for the life cycle management of non-point pollutant fromagriculture in main grain producing areas of Songhua

Catchment/

25 40 River

Hai River

(inflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration

Whole set of technology integration and

comprehensive demonstration of the water

quality improvement in the heavy-polluted

river of Hai River Catchment/

Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of

water pollutant management and water quality improvement

in Yanghe section of Yongding River in the northern part of

Hai River system/-

30 60 River

Hai River

(inflow)

Technology

Demonstration





Key technology and demonstration of wetland restoration in

Ziya river catchment downstream of the southern part of Hai

River System/

28 45 River

Hai River

(inflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration





Technology integration and catchment demonstration of the

agricultural drainage pollutant management in the condition

of multi-water resources irrigation, for the downstream of

the southern part of Hai River System/

25 40 River

Hai River

(inflow)

Technology

Demonstration

Research and demonstration of governance

and technology extension system of

prevention and treatment of water

pollutant in the catchment/

()

Dissemination research and provincial demonstration of the

best available technology for the water pollution prevention

and treatment of key industry in Hai River catchment/

18 8 Monitoring

and Warning

Hai River

(inflow)

Technology

Demonstration

Research and demonstration of governance

and technology extension system of


Research into technology evaluation and management

system of water prevention and treatment of typical

industrial park in key catchment/

18 8 Monitoring

and Warning


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pollutant in the catchment/

()

Huai River

(inflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration

Technology research and comprehensive

demonstration of water quality

improvement and water ecological

restoration in the Huai River Catchment/

Technology research and demonstration for the source

management and centralized treatment of non-point source

pollutant from agriculture in Shaying River catchment/

25 50 River

Huai River

(inflow)

Technology

Demonstration





Research and demonstration of comprehensive management

of toxic pollutants from industrial and domestic water

pollution in Huai River catchment (Bengbu section in the

upstream of Hongze Lake)/-

24 24 River

Huai River

(inflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration






water quality improvement for heavy-polluted river in the

downstream of Huai River/

25 50 River

Dong River

(outflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration

Technology integration and comprehensive

demonstration of risk management of water

quality and aquatic ecology in Dong River

catchment/


risk management of aquatic environment of typical

watershed () in the upstream of Dong River

catchment/

25 40 River

Dong River

(outflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration


demonstration of risk management of water

quality and aquatic ecology in Dong River

catchment/


drinking water safety and security of rivers used as drinking

water source in Dong River catchment/

25 40 River

Key catchment Industrialization Industrialization demonstration of regional

solutions for managing pollutants from

breeding livestock and poultry in keycatchment/

Industrialization demonstration of regional solutions for

managing pollutants from breeding livestock and poultry in

key catchment/

25 50 Lake

Key catchment Industrialization Industrialization of key technology and

equipment for the zero-emission of

refractory waste water (liquid) with salt/

Industrialization of key technology and equipment of

recycling industrial polluted water with salt in high-efficiency

and low-consumption in the key catchment/

10 20 River


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Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation

equipment for high density, non-degradable and organic

wastewater/

10 20 River

Industrialization of equipment to evaporate high density and

highly saline organic wastewater with high efficiency and

energy-saving/

10 20 River

Industrialization of drying equipment for processing industrial

condensed wastewater (liquid) from the fine chemical

engineering industries/

10 20 River

Development and industrialization of incineration equipmentof high-concentration organic liquid wastes containing highly

saline/

10 20 River

Key catchment Demonstrative research into managemen t

innovation of management system and

pollution reduction for aquatic

environment/

Research into comprehensive management system of state's

and catchment's aquatic environment, and demonstrative

results from the trials/

[Integrate research results of management system

reform, and trial demonstration results, to propose a new

management system according to current situation]

5 0 Policy

Key catchment Demonstrative research into managemen t

innovation of management system and

pollution reduction for aquatic

environment/

Research into management system of managing agricultural

pollutant source, and demonstrative polciy for reducing

pollution emission/

5 0 Policy

Key catchment Research into policy for demonstration,

regarding the management, taxation, paid

use of the water pollutants/

Research on public financial policies and its demonstration of

aquatic environment protection/

5 0 Policy


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Table 8. Projects funded under the second call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local

organizational

joint trial unit

2014ZX07114001 Industrialization demonstration of regional solutions for

managing pollutants from breeding livestock and poultry in key

catchment/

CSD (Beijing) Environmental Protection/

(http://www.zchb.net/csd )

Kai Shao/ Industrialization

2014ZX07201009 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration for

the life cycle management of non-point pollutant from

agriculture in main grain producing areas of SonghuaCatchment/

Institute of Environment and Sustainable

Development in Ag riculture, CAAS/

Zhengli Yang/(specialist

member in theme two)

(http://www.ieda.org.cn/Html/2013_03_04/2757_49566_2013_03_04

_49580.html)

Comprehensive

Demonstration

Heilongjiang

Province/

2012ZX07203 Whole set of technology integration and comprehensive

demonstration of the water quality improvement in the heavy-

polluted river of Hai River Catchment/

Research Centre for Eco-Environmental

Sciences, CAS/

Baoqing Shan/Group

Leader/of specialists in theme

two(http://sourcedb.cas.cn/sourcedb_r

cees_cas/yw/fs/200906/t20090612

_1038283.html )

2014ZX07203008 Key technology and demonstration of wetland restoration in

Ziya river catchment downstream of the southern part of Hai

River System/

Peking University/ Xiaoliu Yang/ ComprehensiveDemonstration

Hebei Province/

2014ZX07211001 Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation


wastewater/

Sound Group/

(http://www.soundgroup.com/)

Jingzhi Zhang/ Industrialization

2014ZX07204005 Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of

water quality improvement for heavy-polluted river in the

downstream of Huai River/

Research Centre for Eco-Environmental

Science, CAS/

(in English)

Aijie Wang/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Jiangsu

Province/

2014ZX07204008 Research and demonstration of comprehensive management

of toxic pollutants from industrial and domestic water

pollution in Huai River catchment (Bengbu section in the

upstream of Hongze Lake)/-

Nanjing University/ Fuqiang Liu/ ComprehensiveDemonstration


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risk management of water quality and aquatic ecology in Dong

River catchment/

South China Institute of Environmental

Science. MEP/

(http://www.scies.org/home.asp)

Zhencheng Xu/


risk management of aquatic environment of typical watershed

() in the upstream of Dong River catchment/

Shanghai Jiaotong University/

Yiliang He/ ComprehensiveDemonstration

Guangdong

Province/


drinking water safety and security of rivers used as drinking

water source in Dong River catchment/


Science. MEP/


Fantang Zeng/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Guangdong

Province/

2014ZX07214 Industrialization of key technology and equipment for the

zero-emission of refractory waste water (liquid) with salt/

EST/(http://estpure.com/a/technology.aspx ) Xiaowei Sun/

2014ZX07214001 Industrialization of key technology and equipment of recycling

industrial polluted water with salt in high-efficiency and low-

consumption in the key catchment/

EST/

(http://estpure.com/a/technology.aspx )

Xiaowei Sun/ Industrialization

2014ZX07214002 Development and industrialization of deeply oxidation


wastewater/

Shanghai Institute for Design & Research

on Environmental Engineering/

(http://huanke.com.cn/08/index.asp )

Yi Zhang/ Industrialization

2014ZX07214003 Industrialization of equipment to evaporate high density and

highly saline organic wastewater with high efficiency and

energy-saving/

XI'AN SHAANGU POWER CO.,LTD/

(http://www.shaangu.com/ENGLISH/inde

x.jsp?urltype=tree.TreeTempUrl&wbtreei

d=1070 )

Jingxin Liu/ Industrialization

2014ZX07214004 Industrialization of drying equipment for processing industrial

condensed wastewater (liquid) from the fine chemical

engineering industries/

ZHE JIANG HUANXING/

(http://www.zj-zhx.com/)

Qilin Yu/ Industrialization

2014ZX07504003 Technology verification (ETV) and application demonstration of

water pollution reduction in Liao River and other river

catchments/ETV



Chunlian Xu/ Common/

Generic

Technology

2014ZX07504005 Research into technology evaluation and management system

of water prevention and treatment of typical industrial park in

key catchment/

Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for

Environmental Protection/

( http://www.china-epc.cn/)

Zhiwei Xin/ Common/Generic

Technology


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2014ZX07602004 Research into management system of managing agricultural

pollutant source, and demonstrative polciy for reducing

pollution emission/


Science. MEP/


Genyi Wu/ Policy

Management


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Table 9. Third call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Project No. Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure

(Million RMB)

Theme

Central Local

2014ZX07101-

011

Tai Lake /

Taihu/(freshwater)

Technology

Demonstration

Technology and project demonstration of

eutrophication management and

treatment in Tai Lake/

Business operation system of safety

management and decision-making platform for

aquatic environment in Tai Lake river network

(Taihu catchment)/

20 10 Lake

2014ZX07508 Liao River

(inflow)/

Technology

Demonstration

Technology and comprehensive

demonstration of prevention, treatment,

monitoring, and warning for water

pollution in river catchment/

Key technology development of observation

simulation platform of ecological integrity in Liao

River catchment/

20 10 Monitoring

and Warning

2014ZX07503-

004

Songhua River

(outflow)/

Technology

Demonstration

Technology research and project

demonstration of risk evaluation and

early-warning of catchment aquatic

environment/

Technology research and application

demonstration of risk monitoring and early-

warning of aquatic environment in cross-border

areas between China and Russia/

29 15 Monitoring

and Warning

2014ZX07105-

001

Erhai / Erhai

Lake

(freshwater

lake) /

Technology

Demonstration



pollution, habitat improvement and

green watershed construction for Erhai/

Technology system research and demonstration

of comprehensive prevention and treatment of

non-point pollutants from agriculture in Erhai

catchment/

20 20 Lake

2014ZX07509 Key

catchment/

Industrialization Industrialized dissemination mechanism trial and

platform development of technology

achievement of water pollutant management

and treatment/

30 30 Monitoring

and Warning

2014ZX07602-003

Tai Lake/ ThaiLake/ Taihu/

(freshwater)

Policy Demonstrative research intomanagement innovation of management

system and pollution reduction for

aquatic environment/

Research on the strictest management systemdesign and demonstration of managing industrial

water pollution/

5 0 Policy

2014ZX07603-

002

Tai Lake, Huai

River (inflow)/

Policy Research into policy for demonstration,

regarding the management, taxation,

paid use of the water pollutants/

Research on taxes and duties, and price policy of

urban sewage treatment, and its demonstration/

5 0 Policy


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2014ZX07602-

005

Liao River

(inflow), three

gorges/

Policy Demonstrative research into

management innovation of management

system and pollution reduction for

aquatic environment/

Research on the innovation of system and

mechanism, and integration and demonstration

of catchment ecological civilization construction/

5 0 Policy

2014ZX07510 Key

catchment/

Integration Technology and comprehensive

demonstration of preventing, treating,

monitoring, and early-warning of

catchment water pollution/

Technology integration and efficiency evaluation

of catchment water pollution management and

treatment/

40 0 Special

Integration


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Table 10. Projects funded under the third call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute

Local

organizational

joint trial unit

2012ZX07101


eutrophication management and treatment in Tai

Lake/

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental

Sciences/

Binghui Zheng/Group Leader/in theme

one specialist list(http://craes.cn/c/cn/news/2011-

07/20/news_2488.html )

2014ZX07101011

Platform of business operation system of safety

management and decision-making for aquaticenvironment in Tai Lake river network (Taihu

catchment)/

Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS/

Weiping Hu/

Comprehensive

Demonstration

JiangsuProvince/

2012ZX07105


prevention and treatment of water pollution,

habitat improvement and green watershed

construction for Erhai/

Shanghai Jiaotong University/Hainan Kong/Special Advisor/in

theme one specialist list

2014ZX07105001

Technology system research and demonstration

of comprehensive prevention and treatment of

non-point pollutants from agriculture in Erhai

catchment/

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional

Planning, CAAS/

(http://iarrp.cn/sites/IARRP/)

Hongbin Liu/Comprehensive

Demonstration

Yunnan

Province/

2014ZX07508001

Key technology development of observation

simulation platform of ecological integrity in Liao

River catchment/

Liaoning Academy of Environmental Sciences/

(http://food.nstl.gov.cn/pollute/MirrorResources

/7032/ )

Jinghai Zhu/

Common/

Generic

Technology (

)

2014ZX07510001



treatment/


Sciences/Qiujin Xu/

Common/

Generic

Technology


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2012ZX07503

Technology and comprehensive demonstration of

preventing, treating, monitoring, and early-

warning of catchment water pollution/


Sciences/Fengchang Wu/

2014ZX07503004

Technology research and application

demonstration of risk monitoring and early-

warning of aquatic environment in cross-border

areas between China and Russia/

Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,

MEP/Jixi Gao/

Common/

Generic

Technology

2013ZX07504



treatment/

Tsinghua University/ Kaijun Wang/

2012ZX07506

Demonstrative research into management

innovation of management system and pollution

reduction for aquatic environment in Tai Lake/

Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental

Science/

(http://wmdw.jswmw.com/home/?lid=474)

Haisuo Wu/


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Table 11. Fourth call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Basin Task Attribute Programme Name Project Call Name Expenditure (Million

RMB)

Theme

Central Local

Tai Lake/ Thai

Lake/ Taihu/

(freshwater)

Technology

Demonstration

Research and demonstration programme of

monitoring technology system for

catchment aquatic ecology/

Demonstration of technology development and business

operation system for the monitoring and intelligent

management of national aquatic environment/

20 20 Monitoring and

Warning

Liao River

(inflow)/

Comprehensive

Demonstration

Technology integration and project

demonstration of comprehensivetreatment of water pollutants in Liao River

catchment/

Technology integration and demonstration of aquatic ecological

development and function restoration of Shenfu section in HunRiver catchment/

30 45 River

Songhua River

(outflow)/

Technology

Demonstration


demonstration of risk evaluation and early-

warning of catchment aquatic

environment/

Research and demonstration of intelligent management

technology cluster for water pollution process in Songhua river

catchment/

20 30 River

Comprehensive

Demonstration




environment/

Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of

comprehensive treatment of water pollutants and water quality

improvement in Yinma River catchment/

35 70 River

Technology

Demonstration




environment/

Key technology and demonstration of securing the safety of

water quality from riverside pumping/ intaking in Songhua River

catchment /

15 15 River

Hai River/

Haihe/

(inflow)

Comprehensive

Demonstration


comprehensive demonstration of

improving water quality of the heavy-

polluted river in Hai River catchment/

Key technology and comprehensive demonstration of improving

aquatic environment quality of the main stream in Hai River/

35 70 River


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Comprehensive

Demonstration


comprehensive demonstration of water

quality improvement for heavy-polluted

rivers in Hai River catchment/

Research and demonstration of key technology for water

quality security and ecological restoration in water resources

regulation and storage area of Hai River catchment/

30 60 River

Three gorges/

Technology

Demonstration


comprehensive management and

treatment of water pollution in Three

Gorges Reservoir/

Business system operation of environment perception system

and platform for aquatic ecology in T hree Gorges Reservoir/

20 30 Lake

Key

catchment/

Industrialization R&D and industrialization of plant equipment for high-quality

reclaimed water and water purification/

30 60 Monitoring and

Warning


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Table 12. Projects funded under the fourth call for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control (funded by the MEP)

Project No. Project Name Implementing Unit Principal Investigator Attribute Local organizational

joint trial unit

2012ZX07104 Technology and project demonstration

of comprehensive management and

treatment of water pollution in Three

Gorges Reservoir/

China Institute of Water Resources and

Hydropower Research/

Huaidong Zhou/( specialist member in theme one)

(http://www.waterscience.cn/zhuanjiaku/zhouhuaidong.ht

m)

2014ZX07104006

Business system operation ofenvironment perception system and

platform for aquatic ecology in Three

Gorges Reservoir/

Chongqing Institute of Green andIntelligent Technology, CAS/

(http://www.cigit.cas.cn/)

Jiahu Yuan/ ComprehensiveDemonstration

Chongqing City/

2012ZX07201 Technology research and project

demonstration of risk evaluation and

early-warning of catchment aquatic

environment/



Yuexi Zhou/(specialist member in theme two)

(http://www.craes.cn/cn/hkyr/zhouyx.html)

2014ZX072010

10

Key technology and demonstration of

securing the safety of water quality from

riverside pumping/ intaking in Songhua

River catchment /

Beijing Normal University/ Yanguo Teng/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Heilongjiang Province/

2014ZX072010

11


demonstration of comprehensive

treatment of water pollutants and water

quality improvement in Yinma River

catchment/

Northeast Normal University/

Jiang Feng/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Jilin Province/


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34

2014ZX072010

12

Research and demonstration of

intelligent management technology

cluster for water pollution process in

Songhua river catchment/

Longjiang Environmental Protection Group

Plc/

Yongjian Piao/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Heilongjiang Province/

2012ZX07202 Technology integration and project

demonstration of comprehensive

treatment of water pollutants in Liao

River catchment/



(http://longjiang.greening-

china.com/ )

Yonghui Song/Deputy Chief/of specialists

in theme two(http://craes.cn/c/cn/news/2010-

11/16/news_2076.html )

2014ZX072020

11

Technology integration and

demonstration of aquatic ecological

development and function restoration

of Shenfu section in Hun River

catchment/

Shenyang Jianzhu University/

Jinxiang Fu/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Liaoning Province/

2014ZX072030

09

Key technology and comprehensive

demonstration of improving aquatic

environment quality of the main stream

in Hai River/

Tianjin University/ Min Ji/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Tianjin City/

2014ZX072030

10

Research and demonstration of key

technology for water quality security and

ecological restoration in water resources

regulation and storage area of Hai River

catchment/

Beijing Water Science & Technology

Institute/

Qingyi Meng/ Comprehensive

Demonstration

Beijing/


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35

2014ZX072160

01

R&D and industrialization of plant

equipment for high-quality reclaimed

water and water purification/

OriginWater/

(http://www.originwater.com/)

Richeng Dai/ Industrialization

2013ZX07502 Research and demonstration programme

of monitoring technology system for

catchment aquatic ecology/

China National Environmental Monitoring

Centre (CNEMC)/

Yeyao Wang/( specialist member in theme five)

(http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/news/news_1

7.html)

2014ZX075020

02

Demonstration of technology

development and business operation

system for the monitoring and intelligent

management of national aquatic

environment/

China National Environmental Monitoring

Centre (CNEMC)/

Tingliang Liu/ Common/ Generic

Technology


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Table 13. Technology research and demonstration for managing urban water pollution and comprehensive treatment of aquatic environment call /

(funded by the MEP)

Programme Name Project Call NameExpenditure (Million RMB)

Central Local


water pollution management and aquatic environment

treatment in Chao Lake catchment/

Research and comprehensive demonstration of improving the quality of urban water

environment in Chaohu City/65 Has to be no less than 65.

Technology integration and comprehensive application

demonstration of aquatic environment improvement in Y ixing

City/

1. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of optimizing drainage system,

and reducing and managing the pollutants in the industrial cluster area/

70 Has to be no less than 105.

2. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of aquatic environment

improvement of the urban core area/65 Has to be no less than 90.5.

3. Technology research and comprehensive demonstration of securing aquatic environment

quality in urbanized new area/65 Has to be no less than 90.5.


urban water pollution management and aquatic environment

treatment in Tien Lake (or Dian Chi) catchment/

Technology development and project demonstration of water quality improvement low

environment impact in Neicaohai (part of Tien Lake) water system/


Research and demonstration on system planning and

management technology of urban aquatic environment/

Research and demonstration of regulatory system, and support technology for the

treatment of urban water pollutants/20 N/A

Technology integration of the management of urban water

pollutants and comprehensive treatment/remediation ofaquatic environment/

Technology integration of the management of urban water pollutants and comprehensive

treatment/remediation of aquatic environment/

22 N/A


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Table 14. Technology research and demonstration of securing drinking water safety/ (funded by the MEP)

Programme Name Project Call NameExpenditure (Million RMB)

Central Local

Management technology integration and

capability development of securing drinking

water safety/

1. Research into monitoring technology of water quality from the source to the tap, and the

standardization of the drinking water/20 N/A

2. Development demonstration of monitoring and managing technology of municipal water supply

systems, and its business operation platform/45 Has to be no less than 67.5.


demonstration of securing drinking water

safety in key r iver catchments/

1. Research on the emergency water supply technology, and demonstration of emergency

capability development in the key areas/40 Has to be no less than 15.

2.Research on pollutant characteristics of water source and security strategy of the drinking water

safety in key r iver catchments/ 45 N/A

3. Technology integration and comprehensive demonstration of water supply in urban and rural

areas of Jiangsu Province/60 Has to be no less than 120.

4. Research and demonstration of the technology of optimizing the dispatch of water supply from

the water source, and securing the water quality in Chaohu City/


5. Technology system development of securing the safety water supply for the rural, and its large-

scale application in key river catchments/35 Has to be no less than 35.

Generic technology innovation and

application demonstration of securing

drinking water safety/

1. Research and demonstration of technology of refactoring the microcirculation of water system in

architecture/40 Has to be no less than 60.

2. Research and demonstration of key technology for intelligent management system of urban

water supply pipeline network/45 N/A

3. Research and application of original technology for r emoving special pollutants (e.g. organic

pollutants like chlorinated solvents, and radionuclides) in drinking water/



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Table 15. MEP Generalist Evaluators for the Major Science and Technology Programme for Water Pollution Control

Name Institution Job Title Segregation of Duty Field

Wei Meng/

(http://www.craes.cn/cn/kydw/yszj.html )


Sciences/

Academician of Academy of

Engineering /

Chief Engineer/ P rofessional

Technical Persona in Charge/

/

Environmental Science/

Jining Chen/

(http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/th/6176/i

ndex.html )

Tsinghua University/Professor/(Chancellor of

Tsinghua University)Deputy Chief Engineer/

Environmental System

Analysis/

Yisheng Shao/(No Profile)China Academy of Urban Planning & Design/

Researcher/ Deputy Chief Engineer/

Water Resources and

Documents

Tackling Societal Challenges