1

Tables

Table 1 (DV and IV described here)

IV DV level of IV level of IV level of IV

data data data

•  Condense data into rows and columns •  Case 1: Single IV

Tables

Table 1 Assistance in the Presence of Bystanders

Number of bystanders

Number who help

0 2 4 6 8

9 5 3 1 0

•  Condense data into rows and columns •  Case 1: Single IV

Tables

Table 1 Assistance in the Presence of Bystanders

Number of bystanders

Number who help

0 2 4 6 8

9 5 3 1 0

•  Condense data into rows and columns •  Case 1: Single IV

Caption �  Title capitalization

�  Above the figure or on a separate page

�  Table number, no punctuation, plain font

�  Then the text on a new line, italicized, no punctuation �  Indicate the IV and DV

Table 1 Assistance in the Presence of Bystanders

Tables �  Practice: Create a table for the following data:

In therapy 3 months: anxiety score = 8 In therapy 6 months: anxiety score = 7 In therapy 9 months: anxiety score = 5

Tables �  Case 2: More than 1 IV � Cross-tabulation table

Table 1 (DV must be in the caption)

IV #2

IV #1 Level of IV #2 Level of IV #2

level of IV #1 level of IV #1 level of IV #1

Data Data Data

Data Data Data

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Tables �  Case 2: More than 1 IV � Cross-tabulation table

Table 1 Number of Males and Females who Assist in the Presence of Bystanders

Gender

Number of bystanders

Females Males

0 2 4 6 8

5 3 1 0 0

4 2 2 1 0

Tables �  Practice: Create a table for the following data:

20 yrs old, in therapy 3 months: anxiety score = 9 20 yrs old, in therapy 6 months: anxiety score = 8 20 yrs old, in therapy 9 months: anxiety score = 6 30 yrs old, in therapy 3 months: anxiety score = 7 30 yrs old, in therapy 6 months: anxiety score = 6 30 yrs old, in therapy 9 months: anxiety score = 5 40 yrs old, in therapy 3 months: anxiety score = 8 40 yrs old, in therapy 6 months: anxiety score = 8 40 yrs old, in therapy 9 months: anxiety score = 4

Graphs �  Often easier to interpret

�  Basics �  IV: x-axis

�  DV: y-axis �  Label axes appropriately

� Do NOT write IV, DV, x, or y on the graph

�  Include units

� Caption � No “title” above the graph

Graphs (Figures) �  Types

�  Line graphs

�  Bar graphs

�  Scatterplots

A line graph

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A bar graph

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A scatterplot

GRADE POINT AVERAGE

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Scatterplots �  Each data point indicates the score on both variables

Student GPA Study hours per week 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

�  5 data points, one for each student

Student GPA Study hours 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

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Student GPA Study hours 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

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Student GPA Study hours 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

Student GPA Study hours 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

GPA

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Student GPA Study hours 1 3.0 18 2 3.5 21 3 2.4 12 4 1.8 10 5 2.7 11

GPA

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Caption �  Sentence capitalization

�  Below the figure or on a separate page

�  Figure number, followed by a period, italicized

�  Then the text: �  Indicate IV and DV �  For line graphs: “DV as a function of IV”

Figure 1. Reading speed as a function of print size.

A line graph

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PRINT SIZE (pts)

Figure 1. Reading speed as a function of print size.

Graphing more than one IV �  Use a different symbol for different levels of IV

�  Symbols must be easily discriminable

�  Must have a legend or labels

A line graph (with two IVs)

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normal upside-down

PRINT STYLE

Figure 1. Reading speed as a function of print size and print style.

A line graph (with two IVs)

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wpm

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normal print

upside-down print

Figure 1. Reading speed as a function of print size and print style.

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Graphing guidelines �  Choose axis range carefully

�  Influences interpretation of your graph

�  Use the same range if you have multiple graphs

Poor choice of axis range

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Different ranges on similar plots

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B. Normal print

Graphing guidelines �  Do not over-decorate

�  The more you decorate, the less you have to say

�  Things that are rarely necessary �  Color

�  3D graphs

�  Gridlines

Unnecessary use of color & gridlines

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Unnecessary 3D effects

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Graphing guidelines �  Text style

�  Avoid abbreviations

�  Write left-to-right (or rotated 90°) �  Use simple fonts

�  sans serif �  Arial, Helvetica, Verdana are suitable �  Times, “Handwriting fonts”, and other funky fonts are

not

Practice �  Create a graph and caption of these data.

Major Number of students

Botany 45

Greek 16

Mortuary science 20

Carrot science 2

Physics 40

Zoology 35

Practice �  Create a plot and caption of these data.

Person Age (years) Hours of sleep per day

1 5 9

2 1 13

3 20 6.5

4 10 8.5

5 70 10

6 50 7

Practice �  Create a graph and caption of these data:

20 mph: nausea rating=0

40 mph: nausea rating=1 60 mph: nausea rating=1 80 mph: nausea rating=3

100 mph: nausea rating=3

Practice �  Create a graph and caption of these data.

20 mph, facing forward: nausea rating = 0 20 mph, facing backward: nausea rating = 0 40 mph, facing forward: nausea rating = 1 40 mph, facing backward: nausea rating = 5 60 mph, facing forward: nausea rating = 1 60 mph, facing backward: nausea rating = 8 80 mph, facing forward: nausea rating = 3 80 mph, facing backward: nausea rating = 7 100 mph, facing forward: nausea rating = 3 100 mph, facing backward: nausea rating = 9