IRCFREPTILES&AMPHIBIANS•20(4):190–191•DEC2013

TheBrownAnole,Anolis sagrei (DumérilandBibron,1837),isindigenoustoCubaandTheBahamas,and

iswellknownforitsinvasivecapabilitiesandtendencytocompetewithnativespecies(i.e.,theGreenAnole,A. caroli-nensisinFlorida;Gerber1991,Echternacht1999,Campbell2000;Fig.1).ThefirstrecordofthisspeciesinFloridawasreportedin1887(Garman1887),andithasestablisheditselfsteadilythroughoutthestate,withadditionalU.S.introduc-tions inAlabama,Arkansas,Georgia,Hawaii,Louisiana,Ohio,SouthCarolina,SouthDakota,Tennessee,Texas,andVirginia(Campbell1996,Lever2003,Kraus2009,KryskoandGranatosky2010,Meshaka2011).Thespreadofthespeciesappearstorelylargelyonanthropogenicinfluencesviatransportbymotorvehiclesorwithpottedlandscapingveg-etation(Godleyetal.1981,Campbell1996,2003).Herein,wereportthreeA. sagrei fromasinglelocationinDurham,NorthCarolina.TheserepresentthefirstrecordsofA. sagreiinthestateofNorthCarolina(Kraus2009),andlikelyrepre-sentsarecentandisolatedintroductionevent. On18 July2013,MCGcollected aneonatalAnolis sagrei (UF-Herpetology 170713) and a hatched eggshell(UF-Herpetology 170714) from the Garden Center ofLowe’s Home Improvement, 117 William Penn Plaza,Durham,DurhamCounty,NorthCarolina (36.044171,-78.900326,DatumWGS84,122melevation).Bothspeci-menswerecollectedfromanornamentalMandevillaplant(Mandevillasp.)thatoriginatedfromCostaFarms,22290SW162ndAvenue,Miami,Miami-DadeCounty,Florida(25.559413,-80.453794,DatumWGS84,3melevation).Asecondneonatewasobserved,butescapedcapture.On19July2013,MCGreturnedtothesamelocationandcollectedtwoadditionalneonates(UF-Herpetology170715–170716).NoadditionalA. sagreiwereobserved.Alloftheseneonatallizardswere<20mmSVL,anddepositedintheDivisionofHerpetologyattheFloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory.MaxA.Nickersonconfirmedtheidentityofthespecimens

andFredKraus(pers.comm.)confirmedthatthesewerestaterecordsandthathewasunawareofanyotherpublicationsdocumentingthespeciesinNorthCarolina.

I N T R O D U C E D S P E C I E S

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • VOL15, NO 4 • DEC 2008 189TABLE OF CONTENTS

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

F E A T U R E A R T I C L E S

Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190

The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198

R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E S

The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida

.............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212

C O N S E R V A T I O N A L E R T

World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225

H U S B A N D R Y

Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226

P R O F I L E

Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234

C O M M E N T A R Y

The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ........................................................................................................................ Eric Gangloff 238

B O O K R E V I E W

Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young .............................................................................................................. Robert Powell 243

CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer.Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos accullabo.

Back Cover. Michael KernTotat et velleseque audant mo

estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus

aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque

moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia-tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as

IRC

F

REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSC O N S E R V AT I O N A N D N AT U R A L H I S T O R Y

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The Brown Anole, Anolis sagrei Duméril and Bibron 1837 (Dactyloidae), State Record and Introduction Pathway

MichaelC.Granatosky1,andKennethL.Krysko2

1DepartmentofEvolutionaryAnthropology,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina27708,USA(michael.granatosky@duke.edu)2DivisionofHerpetology,FloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,Florida32611,USA(kenneyk@ufl.edu)

190Copyright©2013.MichaelC.Granatosky.Allrightsreserved.

Fig. 1.RepresentativejuvenileBrownAnole,Anolis sagrei(UF-Herpetology168547),fromRamrodKey,MonroeCounty,Florida.PhotographbyKennethL.Krysko.

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INTRODUCEDSPECIES IRCFREPTILES&AMPHIBIANS•20(4):190–191•DEC2013

Becauseonlyneonateswereobservedatthecollectionsite,webelievethatourobservationrepresentsasingleintroduc-tionevent.Allindividualswereencounteredonasinglespe-ciesofornamentalplantthatoriginatedfromalocalitywhereA.sagreiisabundant.ThissuggeststhattheintroductionintoNorthCarolinaoccurredviathetransportofpottedlandscap-ingvegetation.Theintroductionofnonnativeamphibiansandreptilesbymeansofcargoorornamentalplanttransferrepresents,atleastinFlorida,arecognizedintroductionpath-waysecondonlytothepettrade(Kryskoetal.2011).Furthereffortshouldbeundertakenbyornamentalplantexportfacili-tiestoassurethattheirproductsarefreefrompestspecies.

AcknowledgmentsWe thankFredKraus for informationonournew staterecord;MaxA.Nickersonforconfirmingspeciesidentifi-cationofspecimens;andGadPerry,RobertPowell,andananonymousreviewerforhelpfulcommentsonthispaper.

Literature CitedCampbell,T.S.1996.NorthernrangeexpansionoftheBrownAnole(Anolis sagrei)

inFloridaandGeorgia.Herpetological Review27:155–157.

Campbell,T.S.2000.Analysisoftheeffectsofanexoticlizard(Anolis sagrei)onanativelizard(Anolis carolinensis)inFlorida,usingislandsasexperimental

units.Ph.D.Dissertation,UniversityofTennessee,Knoxville.

Campbell,T.S.2003.TheintroducedBrownAnole(Anolis sagrei)occursineverycountyinpeninsularFlorida.Herpetological Review34:173–174.

Echternacht,A.C.1999.PossiblecausesfortherapiddeclineinpopulationdensityofGreenAnoles,Anolis carolinensis(Sauria:Polychrotidae)followinginvasionbytheBrownAnole,Anolis sagrei,inthesoutheasternUnitedStates.Anolis NewsletterV:22–27.

Garman,S.1887.OnWestIndianIguanidaeandonWestIndianScincidaeinthecollectionoftheMuseumofComparativeZoologyatCambridge,Mass.,U.S.A.Bulletin of the Essex Institute19:25–50.

Gerber,G.P.1991.Anolis sagreiandAnolis carolinensisinFlorida:Evidenceforinterspecificpredation.Anolis NewsletterIV:49–53.

Godley,J.S.,F.E.Lohrer,J.N.Layne,andJ.Rossi.1981.DistributionalstatusofanintroducedlizardinFlorida:Anolis sagrei.Herpetological Review12:84–86.

Kraus,F.2009.Alien Reptiles and Amphibians, a Scientific Compendium, and Analysis.InvadingNature:SpringerSeriesinInvasionBiology4.Springer,Dordrecht,TheNetherlands.

Krysko,K.L.andM.C.Granatosky.2010.Anolis sagrei(BrownAnole).GeographicDistribution.Herpetological Review41:511.

Krysko,K.L.,J.P.Burgess,M.R.Rochford,C.R.Gillette,D.Cueva,K.M.Enge,L.A.Somma,J.L.Stabile,D.C.Smith,J.A.Wasilewski,G.N.KieckheferIII,M.C.Granatosky,andS.V.Nielsen.2011.Verifiednon-indigenousamphib-iansandreptilesinFloridafrom1863through2010:Outliningtheinvasionprocessandidentifyinginvasionpathwaysandstages.Zootaxa3028:1–64.

Lever, C. 2003. Naturalized Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. OxfordUniversityPress,Oxford.

Meshaka,W.E.,Jr.2011.Arunawaytraininthemaking:Exoticamphibians,reptiles,turtles,andcrocodiliansofFlorida.Monograph1.Herpetological Conservation and Biology6:1–101.