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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 2

General .............................................................................................................2 Specifications ....................................................................................................4

INSTALLATION................................................................................ 5 System Components .........................................................................................5 Power Supply Considerations ...........................................................................6 Transducer Installation ......................................................................................7 SPU Connections ..............................................................................................9

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS .................................................... 11 SPU.................................................................................................................11 LCDU ..............................................................................................................11 Startup Screen ................................................................................................12 File ..................................................................................................................13 Display ............................................................................................................13 Setup...............................................................................................................14 Gain.................................................................................................................15 Digitizer Settings .............................................................................................16 Help.................................................................................................................16 Control Panel...................................................................................................17

OPERATION................................................................................... 20 Power-Up Procedure.......................................................................................20 Example Survey System Configuration ...........................................................21

HYPACK......................................................................................................21 ECHOSCAN Setup ......................................................................................21 HYSWEEP...................................................................................................25

Non-Standard System Configurations .............................................................26 COMMUNICATION CPU - Dip Switch Settings ............................ 29 MULTIBEAM CALIBRATION ......................................................... 31

Bar Check .......................................................................................................31 Referencing to a Single Beam Echo Sounder .................................................31 Combined Velocimeter and Single Beam Calibration......................................31 Flux Gate Compass Alignment........................................................................33

COMPUTER INTERFACE .............................................................. 34 Serial Output Strings .......................................................................................34 ECHOSCAN Output Simulators ......................................................................35 Side Scan Recorder / Processor Interfacing ...................................................36

EXTENDER CABLE WIRING ......................................................... 38 TRANSDUCER CABLES................................................................ 39 JUNCTION BOX WIRING............................................................... 42 HEADING SENSOR WIRING ......................................................... 44

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INTRODUCTION ECHOSCAN is a 200 kHz multibeam echo sounder employing physical beamforming techniques to shape and steer 30 beams over a 90° coverage sector. There are three major components in the ECHOSCAN system; the Transducer, the Signal Processing Unit (SPU), and the Laptop Control / Display Unit (LCDU).

General

The piezoelectric material used in the transducer design is PVDF (PolyVinyliDene Fluoride). Each receiver has a sensitivity of -197 db (re 1 V/µPa) with sidelobes suppressed to greater than -30 db. The transducer is hydrodynamic in shape to allow for minimum drag at high survey speeds (in excess of 13 knots) without flow noise or cavitation. 30 independent beams fan out from the transducer to cover a swath equal to twice the water depth. The transducer is positively buoyant for easy recovery should it impact with floating debris. Provisions for housing motion sensors and side scan elements are built right into the fairing. Also built into every ECHOSCAN transducer is a separate, single beam receiver that is used with a standard survey echo sounder, such as the Odom ECHOTRAC, for shallow water applications or to provide a hard copy of the vertical profile. This “reference” transducer is also used to assist in calibration of the multibeam and provides a “hard copy” of the traditional “bar check”. ECHOSCAN will produce sounding densities ranging from 1 sounding every 13 square meters to 7.5 soundings per square meter depending on

Figure 1

ECHOSCAN Transducer

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selected Range Scale. Tilt angles up to 45° port or starboard are possible for surveying structures such as breakwaters and dams. If the optional motion sensor is installed, the tilt angle is sensed to within .05° and automatically compensated. Side Scan elements, mounted along the bottom edge, are included in every ECHOSCAN transducer. Backscatter imagery from the common 2.5° PZT projector is received by the two, 0.7° side scan receivers to form a uniform, high resolution beam pattern over the entire swath. The SPU contains 11 signal processors, each independently tracking and digitizing bottom echo signals. The additional board process side scan backscatter imagery. All 11 boards are identical and interchangeable (See Technical Manual for details).

Real time data quality verification is provided in the form of a 3D display program running on the LCDU. The operator is presented with both profile and trend information and can access the gain and power settings. The operator also controls the number of historical scan lines shown in the 3D presentation. Both bathymetry and side scan gain and TVG settings are accessed through the LCDU.

Other real-time control / display functions are described in section 3. The “C” language program running on the LCDU may be ported over and executed under the user’s operating system.

Figure 2

Signal Processing Unit (SPU)

Figure 3

Laptop Control/Display Unit (LCDU)

Pull Down Menus

3D Data Display

Control Panel

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Specifications

Technical Specifications for the Odom ECHOSCAN Multibeam are as follows:

• Acoustic Frequency ………………... 200 kHz • Number of Beams ………………….. 30 (physically beam formed) • Transducer Receive Elements …… PVDF • Projector Configuration ……………. PZT, 256 element, curvilinear array • Beam Pattern ……………………….. 3° at 3db Points (elliptical) • Coverage Sector ……………………. 90° • Acoustic Working Depth Range ...... 2-100 Meters (guaranteed), 2-200

Meters (theoretical) • Output Update Rate ……………….. Depth Dependent (13/sec at 20 m

range) • Output Resolution ……………….... 2.5 cm • Roll / Pitch Accuracy ………………. 0.05° (w/ optional ODMS-05 sensor) • Maximum Tilt Angle ……………….. 45° (self-calibrating w/ ODMS-05

sensor) • Sidelobe Suppression .................... > -30db Per Channel • Sensitivity................................…..... -197 db re 1 V/µ Pa • Source Level ............................….... 225 db re 1 µPa at 1 Meter • Preamp Noise ……………………… < 3db • Ref. Transducer Beam Width .…… 9° at 3db Points • Side Scan Imagery ………………… High Resolution, Analog • Side Scan Beam Pattern ................ 110° x 0.7° • Real-Time Data Presentation ……. 3D Perspective, profile “waterfall” • Max Survey Speed ………………… Between 12 & 17 Knots (hull and mount

design dependent) • Power Requirement .................…... 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz Optional 24

VDC, 75W • Dimensions: SPU ............................... 48.3 (w) x 26.7 (h) x 24.2 (d) cm.

Transducer ..................... 38.1 (w) x 26.1 (h) x 125.5 (d) cm.

• Weight: SPU ......................…....... 13.6 kg.

Transducer ..................... 40.8 kg. (positively buoyant in water)

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INSTALLATION

In addition to the primary components of the Odom ECHOSCAN (the SPU, LCDU, and the Transducer), a full complement multibeam system requires, a heading sensor (compass), a positioning system (normally a GPS receiver), and a ship’s motion sensor. For ease of inter cabling, Odom supplies a Junction Box (See Figure 4) to route signals to various units and sensors. For Example: The ODMS-05 motion sensor is setup to receive GPS and compass information to assist and optimize operation while in turns. The Junction Box is designed to handle this and other data interchanges.

System Components

A diagram of the complete system is shown in Figure 4. The dashed lines represent optional equipment and connections. A technical manual for each sensor and component system is supplied with the ECHOSCAN.

SPU

LCDUJunctionBox

PowerSupply

110VAC24 VDC

ECHOTRAC(Single Beam)

*

**

***

Transducer

HPR

Side ScanProcessor

DataAcquisition

COMAPSS

GPS

MB

**

**

*

COMPASSGPS

ODMS-05

GPSCompass

XYt

TP

S

Projector

Beams 1-15

Beams 16-30

ODMS-05ODMS-05

Com1

Figure 4

System Block Diagram

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Cable signal designations are as follows:

Signal Description

ODMS-05 Heave, Pitch, and Roll

COMPASS Compass Heading

GPS Position (normally GPVTG & GPGGA strings)

MB ECHOSCAN Multibeam Output String (see section 6.1)

T Trigger Signal to Side Scan Imaging System

P Side Scan Analog Signal (port side)

S Side Scan Analog Signal (starboard side)

XYt X & Y Position Plus Time

Table 1

Signal Cable Descriptions

When an echo sounder is interfaced to the SPU, repetition rate is controlled by the update rate of the echo sounder.

Power Supply Considerations

The SPU is available in either AC or DC versions. The Junction Box, however, operates only on 24 VDC. In most cases, the GPS receiver also requires 12 or 24 VDC. It is highly recommended that each component of the system requiring DC be powered by the same supply. This will prevent grounding problems that may lead to equipment damage or injury.

The Junction Box only requires 25 watts while the SPU (DC version) requires 75 watts. For a comfortable margin, a well-regulated supply, with at least 200 watts output capacity should be used. Power supply (AC to DC Converter) units are available from Odom.

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Transducer Installation

In the majority of cases, transducer mounting is the most critical part of an installation. It must be mounted securely at a position on the hull where it is safe and where it will produce the least amount of drag and cavitation at survey speeds. Careful consideration must also be given to the method of deployment and retrieval. In its fully deployed position, allowances must be made for both the bathymetry and side scan beams to clear the keel. Figure 6 shows several examples of over-the-side mounts used in the past.

Figure 5

Transducer Mounting Flange

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A standard mounting flange is drawn in Figure 5. All dimensions necessary to fabricate a mount for transducer are labeled in the drawing. Inside dimensions of the pole must be no less than 2.5 inches to allow for passage of the cables. Further information on transducer mounts may be obtained from Odom.

Figure 6

Transducer Mounts

Hydraulically Operated

Bow Mount

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Figure 6 contains several examples of over-the-side mounts. For added stability, it is recommended that lines connected to the flange be tied off forward and aft.

The tilting aluminum deck plate design shown in Figure 6 is also shown with the transducer fully deployed and in the stowed position. For added support, it is advisable to secure the mounting pole at two points whenever possible or tie a line or cable forward and aft from the flange.

ECHOSCAN transducers are normally delivered with 50 feet (or 15 meters) of cable. Proper routing of cables should be a priority consideration when planning a new installation. Deck cable extenders of variable lengths are available from Odom.

SPU Connections

The Signal Processing Unit back panel connectors are described in Table 2. (Refer to Figure 7):

Designation Direction Description

RS232 Control Input /

Output

Normally connected to the LCDU, this RS232 I/O port provides control input to the ECHOSCAN SPU

RS232 Data Output Identical to “RS232 Control” but only an output port only normally connected to the acquisition computer

RS232 Output RS232 Data Output (Auxiliary)

Auxiliary (undefined) (for future use)

Side Scan Starboard Output Analog side scan video from the starboard (right) side

Reference Transducer Input /

Output

Connection to the built-in single beam transducer (vertical)

Projector Output Drive signal for the 200 kHz projector array

Rx Array Inner Input Amplified signals from each of the 15 inner beam receivers plus the port side scan receiver

Rx Array Outer Input Amplified signals from each of the 15 outer beam receivers plus the starboard side scan receiver

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Ground N/A Provision for grounding the unit to ship’s hull

Power Input 110 VAC (75 VA) supply, or, if specified, 24VDC

Ext. Trig. Input Used to control the firing rate of the SPU when operating in conjunction with a single beam echo sounder

Side Scan Trigger Output Sync or “ping” pulse for external side scan recorder or imaging computer (See Section 6.3)

Side Scan Port Output Analog side scan video from the port (left) side

Table 2

SPU Plug Descriptions

Figure 7

SPU Backpanel

To Acquisition / Navigation Computer

To LCDU

To Single Beam

To Transducer To Side Scan

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CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

There is a minimal amount of operator control necessary in the ECHOSCAN multibeam. These mostly involve gain settings and calibration aids. All controls and operator interfacing are accessed through the laptop computer (LCDU).

SPU

Other than the Power On switch, there are no controls on the production model of the SPU. Earlier versions incorporated an Output Power control located on the Transmitter board. In this case, the ECHOSCAN output level is set to mid position. Only in extreme situations, involving long ranges over soft bottoms or very shallow hard bottoms, should the Output Power be adjusted.

LCDU

Figure 8

LCDU Screen

Pull Down Menus

Scale Adjust Parameter

Adjust

Monitored Beam

Display Type

Scan History

Current Scan

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Figure 9

Startup Screen

The “laptop” Control / Display Unit (LCDU) provides the majority of the operator interface. Gain settings for either the bathymetry or side scan electronics are provided and the operator may quickly assess system

performance by glancing at the 3D or Sonogram display. Information is scrolled into the display with the most current (scaled) profile in the foreground (See Figure 8). Special digitizer controls on the LCDU “pull down” menus allow the operator to control gain settings and restrict digitizer range to assist in system calibration.

Startup Screen

The ECHOSCAN control program is initiated by double clicking on the Multibeam icon (Start / Programs / MULTIBEAM). The screen shown in Figure 9 allows the operator to configure the communication port to the SPU and select the system units. “Simulator” is used of instructional purposes.

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File

Since there is no provision for saving data or recalling configurations, the only option under “File” is Exit. The program is terminated with a “double click” on Exit, a “double click” on the “X” in the upper right hand corner, or the “Alt x” key combination on the keyboard. Hide the pull down menu by “clicking” again on the menu name, “File”.

Display

The “Display” pull down menu provides a choice between two types of data presentations; a sonogram (uncorrected for slant ranges) or a 3D view of the data with up to 25 historical lines in a waterfall display. The same functions are implemented as icons on the display side panel.

Under the “3D Profile” selection, the number of scanlines (historical profiles to be display) is selected. The forward-most profile is the most current and nearest real time. NOTE: Screen update rate is decreased as the number of scanlines is increased.

Figure 11

Display Menu

Figure 10 File Menu

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Setup

Under the “Setup” menu, controls adjust system configurations such as communication ports, calibrations parameters, hardware settings, and display options. System accuracy and performance may be optimized under “Setup”. The following table lists and describes each of the Setup submenu options.

Submenu Options Description

Commport Selects COMM 1, COMM 2, or COMM3 for communication between the LCDU and the SPU. If “Simulator” is selected, random data is plotted.

Velocity (or Cntrl+V)

Enter the mean water column sound velocity (in the units selected) as determined by a velocimeter or “bar check”. Velocity is transferred to the SPU and included in the output string to the data acquisition computer. The LCDU display is corrected for Velocity and Draft settings.

Transmit Pulse Width

Sets the transmitter’s pulse width in number of cycles at 200 kHz. Pulse width settings range from 0 to 4 where 4 is the widest pulse (See Table 4).

Transmit Power (or Cntrl+P)

Adjusts the transmitter’s output level. Power output setting ranges from 0 to 4 where 4 is full power.

Draft Depth of the transducer below the surface. “Draft” is used only for correction on the LCDU display. It is determined by physical measurement or by “bar check” calibration. “Draft” in not transferred to the SPU and does not appear in the SPU output string.

Units Sets units of measure. Meters (Cntrl+M) or Feet (Cntrl+F)

Side Scan Invokes a pop up dialog box to adjust the side scan receiver gain and TVG curve.

Figure 12

Setup Menu

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AGC AGC On (Cntrl+O) / Off control (for technician use only - see Tech Manual)

Blanking (Cntrl+B) Used to set a depth below the transducer to which received data will be rejected. Normally this feature is used to “blank out” noise in the upper water column caused by aeration from other vessels (See Figure 17).

MaxDepth (Cntrl+R)

Establishes the maximum depth limitation (below the transducer) of the system. The digitizer is restricted to look in the range from 0 to “MaxDepth” for return signals.

Table 3

Setup Submenu

Gain

If “AGC” is ON, the “Gain” setting will raise or lower the average sensitivity level of all 30 receiver channels. Each individual channel automatically adjusts gain about the “Gain” setting as required to compensate for large changes in signal strength.

Figure 13

Gain Menu

Select Pulses Pulse Width 0 ……………………. 2 ……………. 10 µ sec 1 ………………….. 4 ……………. 20 µ sec 2 ……………………. 8 ……………. 40 µ sec

Default 3 ……………………. 16 ……………. 80 µ sec 4 ……………..……. 32 ……………. 160 µ sec

Table 4

Transmit Pulse Width

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Digitizer Settings

Settings under this pull-down menu are primarily used for calibration purposes or unusual operating conditions. The first two submenu choices, “Center Beams” and “Outer Beams” are changed only in extreme situations involving unusually soft or hard bottoms. The “Range Gate” feature allows the operator to enter a “Gate Width” and a “Gate Depth”. This defines or restricts the digitizer’s operating range. It is useful during “bar check” calibration to limit the digitizer window and receive data from only the area surrounding a calibration target (See “Multibeam Calibration – Bar Check”).

Help

At this time, the Help menu contains only very basic information about the ECHOSCAN multibeam software. Future versions of Multibeam Monitor will include this manual under the Help menu for quick, on-line reference.

Figure 14

Digitizer Settings

Figure 15

Help Menu

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Control Panel

Additional controls and indicators are positioned along the right side of the Multibeam Monitor screen as shown in Figure 16. Some controls are duplicated in the pull down menus.

These functions are described in the following table:

:

Figure 16

LCDU Control Panel

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Control / Indicator Description Notes

Gain Overall sensitivity setting for all channels

If AGC is “ON” (in the “Setup” pull down menu), circuits will automatically adjust each individual channel gain about this “Gain” setting.

Blanking Upper column noise rejection

Sets a depth below the transducer in which noise, such as that caused by aeration, will be rejected by the digitizer (See Figure 17).

Max Range Maximum scale setting Selections from 20 to 100 meters or feet. Note: Increasing range will decrease repetition rate. “Max Range” is the same as “MaxDepth” in Table 3.

Tx Power Transmitter Power Setting

Adjusts the transmitter’s power level to control the pulse output amplitude. Tx Power may also be set in the “Setup” pull down menu (Transmit Power in Table 3).

Tx Pulse Width Output Pulse Duration Adjusts the number of cycles of 200 kHz in the output pulse (See “Transmit Pulse Width” in Table 3).

Draft Depth of Transducer Corrects displayed depth for distance between the transducer and water surface (See Table 3).

Velocity Sound Propagation Velocity Through the Water

Corrects the displayed depth based on mean sound velocity in the water (See Table 3).

Channel Selects Beam to Monitor

Depth from the selected channel is displayed below.

Display Choice of two types of data presentation

3D presentation example shown in Figure 8 (See “Display” Section).

Rx Indicator Cycle indicator Color changes as the system cycles

Table 5

Side Panel Controls and Indicators

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Blanking

aeration

Figure 17 Blanking Feature

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OPERATION The following instructions assume a new installation and that all intercabling has been completed.

Power-Up Procedure

Apply power to the system in the following sequence:

1- Turn on the Control/Display computer (LCDU laptop or other computer configured as the Multibeam Monitor).

2- In Windows / PROGRAMS, double click on the MULTIBEAM icon. 3- Ensure that the transducer is below the water surface (at least six

inches). NOTE: ECHOSCAN will run with the transducer in the air but will output only null data.

4- Turn on the SPU and observe that all channel lights are flashing. If an ECHOTRAC echo sounder is present in the system, set its power switch to ON. NOTE: With an ECHOTRAC recorder in the system, the lights on the SPU will not flash until the ECHOTRAC is running. NOTE: in this configuration, ECHOSCAN is slaved to the ECHOTRAC, therefore, rep rate is determined by the ECHOTRAC update rate setting.

5- Adjust Gain on the LCDU Control Panel as required for optimum performance. Too little gain will result in lost returns (red lights flashing on the SPU and spikes in the data). Too much gain will introduce multipath reflections (depth points appearing well below the bottom). NOTE: It may be impossible to adjust gain and power settings while the vessel is docked. Be prepared to readjust the settings once underway.

6- If the side scan board option is installed in the SPU, pull down the Setup menu, select “Side Scan” and adjust the Side Scan Gain as required to obtain “green lights” on the last processor board in the SPU (rightmost). Note: It is very seldom necessary to change the side scan TVG settings. This function is normally handled by the side scan acquisition / imagery computer.

7- All other sensors are independent of the SPU. The GPS, motion, and heading sensor outputs are routed through the Junction Box to the acquisition and/or side scan computers (See Figure 4).

8- Turn on the data logging / navigation computer. Configure its COMM ports as instructed in the corresponding software manual.

9- Run diagnostics, input monitoring, survey, or other program designed to read and display input data.

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10- Apply power to the Junction Box and verify that all sensors data streams are present.

11- Turn on the side scan computer (if present). Fine tune Side Scan Gain on the LCDU if necessary (Setup menu).

Power-Up procedures are complete at this point. Once on site, or in open water, the heading sensor should be checked for proper operation. Multibeam calibration (as described in Section 5) or “Patch Tests” (as described in the software manual) are normally completed prior to the survey.

Example Survey System Configuration

The following procedure is only very basic example of system setup when using HYPACK for Windows 6.4 HYSWEEP (trademark of Coastal Oceanographics). The complete and up to date manual may be downloaded from Coastal’s web page “www.coastalo.com”.

HYPACK

Go to HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation program. Select Initialization / File / New to create a new setup or /Open to use one that already exists. Open Current if you want to use the last setup. The “path to save to” is defined when the file is saved.

ECHOSCAN Setup

1- Under Initialization, select Devices / Add Device and type a name for

the device such as ECHOSCAN (Do not press Enter). 2- Click on Library then Browse, locate the “echoscn2.dll” driver and

click on OK. The box marked “Echo Sounder” should have an “X”. 3- Move the cursor to “Update Frequency” and type in 135 ms (Do not

press Enter). 4- Click on Connect, select a Comm Port (normally 5) and configure for

19200 Baud, 8 bits, 1 stop, no parity, no flow control. 5- Click OK to return to the Devices Setup menu then click on Offsets. 6- Type in a Latency time of 135 ms and click on OK. 7- Click OK to close the Device Setup window.

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GPS Setup (assumes a Trimble receiver)

1- Reopen the Device Setup window by clicking on Devices and again on Add Device. Type in a name for the positioning system i.e. GPS (no Enter).

2- Click on Library then Browse and scroll to find the driver (for example; trimnmea.dll). Click on OK to return to the Devices Setup window.

3- Make sure that only the Lat/Log (GPS) and Speed boxes are marked and that the Update frequency is set (usually to 300 ms).

4- Click Connect, select a Comm Port (normally 4) and configure for 9600 BAUD, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop, and no flow control. Click OK to return to Devices Setup.

5- Click the Setup button and make sure only the GGA and VTG boxes are marked. Click OK.

6- Click the Offsets button and type in the Latency time (as specified in the GPS manual or as a result of the “Patch” test). Measure and type in the horizontal distances between the GPS antenna and the transducer. Click OK to return to the Devices Setup window and OK to return to the Initialization window.

Heading Sensor Setup (assumes a KVH fluxgate sensor)

1- Reopen the Device Setup window by clicking on Devices and again on Add Device. Type in a name for the heading sensor i.e. KVH (no Enter).

2- Click on Library then Browse and scroll to find the right driver (for example: kvh.dll). Click on OK to return to the Devices Setup window.

3- Only the Heading box should be marked. Type in the Update frequency if necessary (100 ms in the case of the KVH) (no Enter).

4- Click Connect, select a Comm Port (normally 6) and configure for 9600 BAUD, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop, and no flow control. Click OK to return to Devices Setup.

5- Click the Offsets button and type in the Latency time. Click OK to return to the Devices Setup window and OK to return to the Initialization window.

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HPR Setup (assuming a ODMS-05 motions sensor)

1- Reopen the Device Setup window by clicking on Devices and again on Add Device. Type in a name for the motion sensor i.e. ODMS (no Enter).

2- Click on Library then Browse and scroll to find the right driver (for the ODMS-05, select tss320.dll). Click on OK to return to the Devices Setup window.

3- Only the Heave comp. or Motion Sensor box should be marked. Type in the Update frequency (100 ms in the case of the ODMS-05). (no Enter).

4- Click Connect, select a Comm Port (normally 3) and configure for 9600 BAUD, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop, and no flow control. Click OK to return to Devices Setup.

5- Click the Offsets button and type in the Latency time. Click OK to return to the Devices Setup window and OK to return to the Initialization window.

At this point, the configuration should be saved. From the Preparation screen, select File / Save As, name the file, and save it. Before continuing, click on Make Current under File menu. The next step is to test the drivers to insure that HYPACK is reading them correctly. I/O Testing All drivers should be tested at this time to insure that HYPACK is reading them properly.

1- 21-Open HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation / Initialization and select I/O Test. Turn on all sensors including the ECHOSCAN. A window for each of the devices configured should appear. Click on a window to bring it forward and verify correct data input (consult software manuals if there is a question).

Geodesy Setup

1- Under HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation / Initialization / File select Geodesy / Parameters. Input all parameters and translation values necessary to define the local grid and horizontal accuracy. If State Plane is used, the units will automatically default to feet. Consult the software manuals for details.

Before continuing, Save the configuration again (Save As may also be necessary) and Make Current if it is to be used immediately. Also, check

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that all parameters and translations values are correct for postprocessing. Normally this is done automatically but it is a good idea to verify this. Open HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Geodesy and check that each parameter is correct.

For the next segment, the vessel should be moved to the work site or open water in order to establish start and end points for a test survey line.

Line Setup

1- Under HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation / Design / Planned Line / New LNW File, enter the XY of the starting and ending points of a proposed center line. NOTE: If these points are unknown, navigate to the approximate locations, start the HYPACK Survey program, and record the coordinates when on location.

2- Under HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation / Design / Planned Line / New LNW File, enter the number of lines to survey and their parallel offsets. NOTE: Offsets are determined primarily by water depth. Provisions should be made for at least a 10% overlap in coverage between adjacent lines. For example: If the water depth averages 30 meters, the coverage will average 60 meters across the bottom. Line offsets should, therefore, be no more than 54 meters apart. Be aware that allowances must be made for closer line spacing in areas subject to large changes in depth.

3- Name the line file with a .lnw extension and save it. 4- Save the configuration and Make Current. 5- Surveying (Data Collection) Start the surveying program (HYPACK for

Windows 6.4 / Survey). Several windows may appear but the main window, the “Area Map” will display current position. If the vessel is in the area of the survey lines defined previously, they will also be visible. To “zoom in” press the “-“ key to “zoom out”, press “+” (using the Shift key). The “Data Display” window should also be visible and all sensor inputs should be updating.

6- As the “Beginning of Line” is approached, logging will begin automatically when the vessel comes within the preset distance (under Survey / Navigation / Parameters). A status indicator in the Data Display labeled “Offline” will change to “Online” (in red) at this time. Data logging will revert to “Offline” as the end of the line is crossed. This automatic feature may be overridden by the CNTRL S key combination to start recording and CNTRL E to end. It may also be disabled completely under Survey / Navigation / Parameters.

Once data collection begins, HYPACK assigns a Line File Name to it. This is displayed in the Data Display window. This file name should be

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recorded (as well as date, time, and heading) in the survey log for future reference. Other useful key combinations are:

CNTRL I ……………. Selects the next line CNTRL D ……………. Selects the previous line CNTRL W ……………. Swaps beginning and end of line points

NOTE: Newer versions of HYPACK are supplied with a “replay” feature to plot a percentage of the data points collected. If this is available, it should be used before leaving the area to confirm that full coverage has been achieved.

HYSWEEP

NOTE: During acquisition, HYPACK creates a catalog file with a .log extension that contains the names of the raw data files (normally with a .dat extension). Data Editing

1- To begin editing the data, select HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Sweep Editor (not Editing) / File / Open and pick the proper .log file. Click OK.

2- Select a line to edit and under Read Options and click on OK. Check through each of the four windows looking for spikes in the data recorded from each sensor. Remove any obvious errors.

3- Select Sweep Editor / File / Calculate Depth Points and scroll through the scan profiles with the up/down arrows or page up/ page down keys on the keyboard, looking for data spikes caused by aeration, turbulence, fish, etc.

For demonstration purposes, invoking the HYSWEEP “Filter” feature drastically reduces editing time. Select Sweep Editor / Edit / Filter Setup and set the spike limit (normally to 1 meter or 3 feet). Click on Filter to initiate the action. All depth transitions between data points in excess of this limit are removed and interpolated through.

4- Save the edited line profiles by selecting File / Save Options / SWP

and choose the .swp format. NOTE: Save .swp files in a separate folder from the raw data files. To avoid confusion, It may be necessary to create a new folder for the .swp files. The .swp

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extension is necessary if several survey lines are to be later combined into a single XYZ file.

Creating a Matrix Here the operator establishes the bounds of the survey area and grid pattern.

5- Open HYPACK for Windows 6.4 / Preparation / Design / Draw / Track Lines and select the .log file just created. Track lines should begin to plot on the screen.

6- When the track lines are complete, select Design / Matrix / New MTX File and define the area by clicking on the handles and dragging them as required. Under Design / Matrix / Matrix Length, define the Cell Length and Cell Width (usually 5 feet or 2 meters). Under Design / Matrix, Save the matrix with a .mtx extension.

Sorting and Mapping Next, it is necessary to sort the data points into “bins”, map the data into the previously defined matrix, and create the final XYZ file.

7- Go to Sorting / Mapper / File / Open Matrix and select the matrix defined in the previous step. Open the current .log file. The program will now begin reading all data points and plotting each line.

8- When data plotting is complete, go to Mapper / File, name and save the data in .xyz file format.

The completed XYZ file is now portable for postprocessing by HYSWEEP, TerraModel, AutoCad, Inroads, or any one of a number of data plotting software packages. For demonstration purposes, TerraModel is used because of its colorful Digital Terrain Models (DTM).

Non-Standard System Configurations

On rare occasions, it may be necessary to adjust ECHOSCAN to compensate for out-of-the-ordinary conditions. There are unusual situations where soft bottoms, at extreme depth ranges, will result in very weak receive signals -- especially if the bottom is sloped. Loss of signal alarms will result and large “spikes” will appear on the LCDU display. At the other end of the spectrum, very hard surfaces (possibly manmade structures) at very shallow depths may cause exceptionally strong signals that tend to introduce multipath interference or saturate the receiver electronics. Both are

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equally difficult to handle. There are several features and settings in the ECHOSCAN that may be effective in improving performance under these conditions. For more detailed descriptions of the receiver and transmitter circuits and bottom detection algorithms, refer to the ECHOSCAN Technical Manual.

Low Level Returns In this situation (soft bottoms at extreme range), it may be necessary to increase both receiver gain and power output. Be aware that large increases in gain will result in increased noise levels. Gain setting is adjusted on the LCDU screen Control Panel. It may also be necessary to increase the output power level. by widening the output pulse (LCDU screen, Setup menu). Very organic or aerated bottoms will tend to absorb acoustic energy. Increasing the “transmit pulse width” should improve signals from the outer beams. NOTE: Increasing transmit pulse width reduces system resolution. Adjust this parameter only if other methods fail. High Level Returns In the case of strong signals from hard, shallow bottoms, the opposite approach must be taken. Reduce both gain and output power until normal signal levels are achieved. Pulse width reduction is again an alternative in extremely shallow water but a better solution would be to revert to a single beam hydrographic sounder since bottom coverage is minimal in this situation. RECALL: In 6 feet of water, the swath coverage is only 12 feet. High Penetration Bottoms Over looser, unconsolidated sediments, where the bottom is, for the most part, flat, and, where the inner beam incidence is near 90°, signals will tend to penetrate deeper (vertically) near the center of the array. In this situation, it may advantageous to weight the “bottom detection” algorithm by

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adjusting the “Bottom Tracking Algorithm” (LCDU / Digitizer Settings). This is only necessary if there is a noticeable and consistent bowing in the bottom profile. NOTE: If continuous bowing is observed in deep water, first verify that the “velocity” setting is correct before attempting to change the tracking algorithms. If the velocity is set too low, depths will appear shallower on the outer beams and visa versa. It is recommended that adjustments to the “Bottom Tracking” be performed only experienced ECHOSCAN system operators.

Normal (default) settings are listed below. Refer to Table 4_1 for adjustment sequence and direction for various extreme bottom and water column conditions. Normal Settings:

Gain …………………………………….…….. 2 Power ………………………………………… 2 (or mid-position) Transmit Pulse Width ……………………….. 3 Center Beams Tracking Algorithm …..……. 5 Outer Beams Tracking Algorithm ………….. 5 Bottom conditions: Shallow Deep Hard ⇓ Gain

⇓ Power Output ⇓ Pulse Width

⇑ Gain ⇑ Power Output

Soft ⇓ Gain ⇓ Power Output

⇑ Gain ⇑ Power Output ⇑ Pulse Width

Sloped ⇓ Gain ⇑ Gain Aerated (organic) Normal ⇑ Gain

⇑ Power Output ⇑ Pulse Width

Suspended Fluff ⇑ Power Output ⇑ Power Output ⇑ Pulse Width

Table 6

Extreme Condition Adjustments

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COMMUNICATION CPU - Dip Switch Settings The first four positions of SW1 on the Communications CPU board define the number of digitizer boards in the system. The list below describes the settings in binary format. Number of Digitizer Boards Switch Positions I 1=OFF, 2=ON, 3=ON, 4=ON 2 1=ON, 2=OFF, 3=ON, 4=ON 3 1=OFF, 2=OFF, 3=ON, 4=ON 4 1=ON, 2=ON, 3=OFF, 4=ON 5 1=OFF, 2=ON, 3=OFF, 4=ON 6 1=ON, 2=OFF, 3=OFF, 4=ON 7 1=OFF, 2=OFF, 3=OFF, 4=ON 8 1=ON, 2=ON, 3=ON, 4=OFF 9 1=OFF, 2=ON, 3=ON, 4=OFF 10 1 =ON, 2=OFF, 3=ON, 4=OFF Switch number 5 enables the side scan board.

Side Scan Board Installed 5=OFF No Side Scan Board 5=ON

Communications CPU

SW1

Position 1

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Switch number 6 sets the SPU to “flash” mode. This should only used when upgrading the ECHOSCAN embedded software. If not used property, all software could be erased rendering the unit inoperable.

Flash Mode 6=OFF Normal Mode 6=ON

Switch number 7 identifies the unit as part of a dual head system.

Dual ECHOSCAN 7=OFF Single ECHOSCAN 7=ON

Switch number 8 is activated (OFF position) when the ECHOSCAN is triggered externally as in the case when an ECHOTRAC single beam is used as the system controller.

External Trigger 8=OFF Internal Trigger (Normal) 8=ON

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MULTIBEAM CALIBRATION There are several ways to calibrate the ECHOSCAN Multibeam. These include: A standard “bar check”, a combined calibration with a single beam echo sounder, a combined velocimeter and echo sounder calibration, and a “Patch Test”.

Bar Check

A standard “bar check” involves lowering the bar target below the multibeam transducer and following a calibration procedure similar to that prescribed for single beam echo sounders (See Figure 18). Note: With the ECHOSCAN, it is not necessary to lower the bar directly beneath the transducer. It may be lowered on the opposite side of the vessel. The procedure for bar checking is the same with exception of the Channel # which must be set to monitor the proper beam.

Referencing to a Single Beam Echo Sounder

If the multibeam system is configured to operate with a single beam echo sounder such as the Odom ECHOTRAC, it is possible to perform a normal “bar check” on each simultaneously. NOTE: Draft and Velocity corrections may vary between the two units due to slight differences in the position of the receivers, mechanical response, rise time delay, etc.. There may also be a slight delay from the time the echo sounder generates the “ping” command until the time ECHOSCAN begins the multibeam sounding cycle. In any case, adjust both systems according to the instructions in Figure 18.

Combined Velocimeter and Single Beam Calibration

This method requires the single beam echo sounder and the ECHOSCAN be “bar checked” only once to establish Draft corrections. Assuming the transducer mount remains unchanged and that the transducer is always lower to the same position, there may be no need to repeat the calibration. A velocimeter is used to periodically measure the speed of sound in water and this value is entered into the ECHOTRAC, ECHOSCAN, and the multibeam software.

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Figure 18 ECHOSCAN CALIBRATION

(Bi-Level Bar Check Method)

draft

Level 1

Level 2

DEPTH = 2

+ k + DRAFTV x (pulse travel time)s

As seen from the above equation, depth measurement accuracy is primarily dependent upon the accuracy of two external variables; Vs (sound velocity in water) and DRAFT (the distance between the transducer and the water surface). The bi-level bar check procedure described below offers the most straightforward approach to multibeam calibration in that both DRAFT and Vs corrections are optimized. The calibration may be very accurate, current and wind conditions permitting. Even the system constant (k) is automatically compensated using this method.

1. Lower the bar to a depth of 4 meters (or 10 feet) below the transducer. This will be Level 1.

2. Pull down the Digitizer Settings menu on the LCDU, select Range Gate, and

adjust the GATEDEPTH to Level 1 depth. Set the GATEWIDTH to 2 meters. Allow time for the digitizer to "lock in".

3. Pull down the Setup menu and adjust Draft as required to correct the depth value

displayed below Channel #. Normally, Channel 15 is monitored. 4. Lower the bar to Level 2 and set GATEDEPTH to Level 2 (depth limited only by

chain length, water depth, or current and wind conditions). 5. Under Setup, adjust the Velocity correction until the depth value displayed is

correct. 6. Return the bar and GATEDEPTH setting to Level 1 and repeat the Draft

adjustment (step 3).

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Flux Gate Compass Alignment

If a flux gate compass, such as the KVH is used, it may be necessary to experiment with different mounting locations in order to determine the optimum location. Ideally, the compass will function best when placed in an evenly distributed magnetic field. This may take some trial and error before the best spot is located. The best way to establish the optimum location is to observe the boat symbol and its track on the HYPACK Area Map while the vessel is underway. Point the compass forward and move around the cabin until the compass both physically and magnetically points forward. Begin “turning” maneuvers with the vessel and verify that the boat symbol on the screen tracks correctly.

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COMPUTER INTERFACE

Serial Output Strings

Serial output data rate from the ECHOSCAN SPU is 19.2 KBaud, updating as fast as 13 times / second (depending upon the Range selected). Output strings are ASCII binary and described as follows: Data Description

Sync Header Four, 8-bit bytes (FFh, FFh, 00h, 00h) identifying the beginning of the output string

Packet Type (10 or 01) Two 8-bit bytes (00h, 01h) identify the ECHOSCAN binary

output *1 Year (0-99), Month (1-12), Day (1-31), Hour (0-23), Minute (0-59), Second (0-59)

Six, 8-bit bytes - Year (00h-63h), Month (01h-0Ch), Day (01h-1Fh), Hour (00h-17h), Minute (00h-3Bh), Second (00h-3Bh)

Sound Velocity (1200-1700 m/s)

One 16-bit word (Example: 04h B0h - 06h A4h) as set by the operator on the LCDU

Latency (0-1000 ms) One 16-bit word (Example: 00h 00h - 03h E8h) indicating the time lapsed between the sonar ping to the start of the fourth byte in the output string

Sampling Rate (HZ) One 16-bit word representing the digitizing frequency Range Samples / Beam Quality

Individual range readings (in No. of samples)*1 Range = Range Samples (Sound Velocity) / Sample Rate 2

Checksum One 16-bit word, unsigned sum of all 8-bit bytes excluding the sync byte.

Table 7

ECHOSCAN Output String Format

*1 The ECHOSCAN string contains 30, 16-bit ranges for a total of 80 bytes and a transmission time of 42 ms. Beam directions are in 3° increments, across Port (Beam 1) to Starboard (Beam 30). Beams 15 and 16 are each 1.5° off nadir. The most significant 14 bits of each range represent the round trip travel time in samples. The 15th and 16th bits (least significant) indicate beam quality, i.e., 00b = bad, 01b = low signal strength, 10b = out of sequence, and 11b = good.

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ECHOSCAN Output Simulators

There is a simple DOS program available on Odom’s Website which simulates the ECHOSCAN SPU output. It can be executed on a computer through one of the COM ports.

To download, access the Website “www.odomhydrographic.com” and select the “Technical Support Files” page. As seen in Figure 19, the file labeled "“ECHOSCAN: serial output simulator. Mbout.exe SIZE 51K” appears near the end of the page. Clicking on this link will begin the file transfer to your computer. When executed, the control screen (see Figure 20) allows the operator to select the COM port to be used as the simulated output.

Figure 19

Downloadable Simulators

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The actual ECHOSCAN LCDU control program may also be downloaded. This is a WINDOWS program that can be downloaded as a self-extracting ZIP file. Once downloaded, simply double click on the file and all components will setup on the user’s computer. Install by selecting “Setup.exe”. To run, select ‘MULTIBEAM” in the WINDOWS “Programs” menu.

Side Scan Recorder / Processor Interfacing

Every ECHOSCAN transducer is equipped with a set of “true” side scan receive elements that receive acoustic backscatter information as echoed form the common 200 kHz projector. These signals are preamplified in the transducer and routed to a signal processor insider the SPU. Both analog signals and a “key” pulse are ten made available on backpanel BCN connectors. The key pulse is a negative going TTL pulse where the leading edge (high to low transition) signifies the beginning of the “ping” period. Each channel (port and starboard) output consists of detected received signals in analog form (0 to 5 volts).

Figure 20

Mbout Program Setup Screen

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ECHOSCAN analog side scan signals are compatible with all major side scan processing and recording devices i.e. Triton ISIS, OIC GEOdas, Oceanstar SeaSound, EPC, recorders, etc. For mode information consult the following web sites: http://www.tritonelics.com/ http”//www.oicinc.com/ http://www.marine-group.com/ http://www.epclabs.com/

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EXTENDER CABLE WIRING

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TRANSDUCER CABLES

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JUNCTION BOX WIRING

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HEADING SENSOR WIRING