Table of Content Telecom Regulacion Derecho

8/7/2019 Table of Content Telecom Regulacion Derecho

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Table of ContentsModule 1. Regulating the Telecommunications Sector: Overview

Module 2. Competition and Price Regulation

Module 3. Authorization of Telecommunication/ICT Services

Module 4. Universal Access and Service

Module 5. Radio Spectrum Management

Module 6. Legal and Institutional Framework

Module 7. New Technologies and Impacts on Regulation

MODULE 1. REGULATING THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR: OVERVIEW

1 Context

1.1 New Vocabulary, New Economy, New Regulation

1.2 ICTs and the Transformational Opportunity and Risks

1.3 Transition to Next Generation Networks

1.4 Innovative Technologies and Services

1.5 How Did We Get Here?

1.6 Regulatory Sequencing

2 The Regulator

2.1 Rationale for an Effective and Independent Regulator

2.2 What is Independence and How is it Fostered?

2.3 Accountability, Transparency, and Predictability

2.4 What is the Role of Regulators?

2.5 Convergence and Regulators

3 Authorization and Competition

3.1 Authorization

3.2 Competition

4 Interconnection

5 Universal Access

6 Radio Spectrum

7 New Technologies and Their Impact on Regulation

MODULE 2. COMPETITION AND PRICE REGULATION

Executive Summaries

1 Overview: Putting ICT Regulation in Context

1.1 Key Developments in the ICT Sector

1.2 Trends in ICT Regulation

2 Competition Policy and the ICT Sector

2.1 Forms of Competition

2.1.1 Perfect Competition

2.1.2 Effective Competition

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2.1.3 Market Contestability

2.1.4 Sustainable Competition

2.2 Why Focus on Competition?

2.2.1 Benchmarking Competition by Sector

2.2.2 Comparison Table: Competition by Sector and Region

2.3 Competition Policy and Regulation

2.3.1 Competition Policy

2.3.2 Regulation

2.3.3 Ex Ante and Ex Post Regulation2.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ex Ante versus Ex Post Regulation

2.3.5 Regulatory Forbearance

2.4 Key Concepts in Competition Policy

2.4.1 Markets and Market Definition

2.4.2 Market Power

2.4.3 Barriers to Entry

2.4.4 Essential Facilities

2.5 Common Forms of Anti-Competitive Conduct

2.5.1 Abuse of Dominance

2.5.2 Refusal to Supply

2.5.3 Vertical Price Squeeze

2.5.4 Cross-Subsidization

2.5.5 Misuse of Information

2.5.6 Customer Lock-In

2.5.7 Exclusionary or Predatory Pricing

2.5.8 Tying and Bundling

2.6 Remedies for Anti-Competitive Conduct

2.6.1 Remedies for Abuse of Dominance

2.6.2 Remedies for Refusal to Supply and Price Squeezes

2.6.3 Remedies for Cross-Subsidization

2.6.4 Remedies for Misuse of Information

2.6.5 Remedies for Customer Lock-In

2.6.6 Remedies for Predatory Pricing

2.6.7 Remedies for Tying and Bundling

2.7 Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures

2.7.1 Horizontal Mergers

2.7.2 Vertical Mergers

2.7.3 Joint Ventures

3 Regulating For Interconnection

3.1 Overview of Interconnection

3.1.1 What is Interconnection?

3.1.2 Why is Interconnection Important?

3.1.3 Why Regulate Interconnection?

3.2 Key Concepts

3.2.1 Forms of Interconnection

3.2.2 Unbundling

3.2.3 Asymmetric Interconnection Regulation

3.2.4 Issues Dealt with in Interconnection Agreements

3.3 Setting Interconnection Prices

3.3.1 Pricing Principles

3.3.2 Long-Run Incremental Cost Modelling

3.3.3 Commonly Used Cost Models

3.3.4 Benchmarking Interconnection Rates

3.4 Mobile Interconnection

3.4.1 Forms of Mobile Interconnection

3.4.2 Mobile Termination Rates

3.4.3 Retentions for Fixed-to-Mobile Calls

3.4.4 Modelling Mobile Network Costs

3.4.5 Mobile Roaming

3.4.6 Social Issues and Universal Service

3.5 Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries

3.5.1 Infrastructure Challenges

3.5.2 Transparency and Access to Information




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3.5.3 Regulating State-Owned Operators

3.5.4 Free Trade Negotiations

3.5.5 Dispute Resolution

3.6 Cross-Border Interconnection

3.6.1 The Accounting Rate System

3.6.2 Regional Interconnection Clearing Houses

4 New Paradigms: Voice Over IP and IXPS

4.1 About the Internet4.1.1 Overview of the Internet

4.1.2 The Seven Layers of Internet Interconnection

4.1.3 Evolution of the Internet

4.1.4 Current Internet Market Developments

4.2 About VoIP

4.2.1 Types of VoIP

4.2.2 Comparison of VoIP and Conventional Telephony

4.2.3 Protocols that Support VoIP

4.3 Arbitrage Opportunities in the ICT Sector

4.3.1 Common Arbitrage Strategies

4.4 VoIP and Regulation

4.4.1 Implications of VoIP for Regulators

4.4.2 Trends in VoIP Regulation

4.4.3 Differential Regulation of VoIP and Conventional Telephony

4.5 Interconnection Pricing for VoIP

4.5.1 A Comparison of Telecommunications and Internet Cost Recovery

4.5.2 Models for Internet Interconnection

4.5.3 Implications of VoIP for Interconnection Pricing

4.5.4 Pricing Mechanisms for VoIP Interconnection

4.5.5 Criteria for a New Interconnection Regime

4.6 VoIP Over Wireless Networks

4.7 Benchmarking Rates for Network Access

4.8 Internet Exchange Points

4.8.1 The Role of Internet Exchange Points

4.8.2 Supporting IXPs in Developing Countries

4.8.3 Internet Exchange Points in Africa

5 Regulating Prices

5.1 Why Regulate Prices?

5.2 Economic and Accounting Measures of Cost

5.3 Useful Economic Concepts

5.3.1 Economic Efficiency and Pricing

5.3.2 Economies of Scale and Scope

5.3.3 Single- and Multiple-Service Firms

5.4 Pricing Principles for the ICT Sector

5.5 Setting the Level and Structure of Prices

5.5.1 Fixed and Variable Costs and Price Setting

5.5.2 Determining Mark-Ups over TSLRIC

5.6 Tariff Rebalancing

5.7 International Benchmarking of Prices

5.8 Rate of Return Regulation

5.9 Incentive Regulation

5.10 Rate of Return Regulation versus Price Caps

5.11 Implementing Price Caps

5.11.1 Price Cap Baskets

5.11.2 Assessing Price Variations

5.11.3 Calculating the Productivity Factor

5.11.4 Service Quality Factors

5.11.5 Exogenous Cost Factors

5.12 Towards a Double Price Cap




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5.13 Price Regulation and Multiple Play Offerings

6. Infrastructure Sharing

6.1 Key Concepts

6.1.1 Passive and Active Infrastructure

6.1.2 Essential or Bottleneck Facilities

6.1.3 Open Access

6.2 Policy Issues

6.2.1 Promoting rapid and efficient network deployment6.2.2. The efficient deployment of Next-Generation Networks

6.2.3. Environmental Considerations and Local Land Use Planning

6.2.4. Competition

6.2.5. Innovation

6.3 Forms of sharing

6.3.1. Infrastructure sharing and collocation

6.3.3 Interconnection

6.3.4 Unbundling

6.4 National Fibre Core Networks

6.4.1 The importance of national fibre backbones and access to broadband

6.4.2 Obstacles to the deployment of broadband networks

6.4.3 Key players

6.4.4 Passive Infrastructure Sharing

6.4.5 Active Infrastructure Sharing

6.4.6. Public-Private Partnerships and Open Access Networks

6.4.7. National broadband policies

6.4.8 Regulatory and legal imperatives related to sharing

6.4.9 Commercial and technical considerations related to implementing sharing

6.4.10 Regulatory Best Practices

6.5 Mobile Network Sharing

6.5.1. Policy reasons for supporting mobile network sharing

6.5.2. When might mobile network sharing be appropriate?

6.5.3. Options for passive mobile network sharing

6.5.4. Site Sharing Arrangements

6.5.5. Encouraging passive mobile sharing

6.5.6. Active mobile network sharing

6.5.7. Active Mobile Network Sharing: Extended Site Sharing

6.5.8 Active Mobile Network Sharing: Sharing the Radio Access Network

6.5.9 Active Mobile Network Sharing: Core Network Sharing

6.5.10 Active Mobile Network Sharing: Backhaul Sharing

6.5.11. Competition and Active Mobile Network Sharing

6.5.12 Regulatory and legal issues

6.5.13 Regulatory Best Practices

6.6 Regulatory Issues Related to Sharing

6.6.1 Selecting an appropriate approach to sharing

6.6.2 National Infrastructure Sharing Policies

6.6.3 Licensing

6.6.4 Pricing

6.6.5 Competition and sharing

6.6.6 Regional Initiatives

Competition and Pricing: Index

Reference Documents on Competition and Price Regulation

MODULE 3. AUTHORIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT SERVICES

Executive Summaries

1 Overview of ICT Authorization

1.1 Introduction to Licensing & Authorization

1.1.1 Authorization Terminology

1.1.2 ITU Trends in Telecommunication Reform

1.2 Authorization Trends

1.2.1 More on Authorization Trends




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1.2.2 More on Authorization Trends: Recent Developments

1.3 Authorization Objectives and Policies

1.3.1 Common Authorization Objectives

1.4 International Trade Rules

1.4.1 Key GATS Authorization Obligations

1.4.2 Specific WTO Telecom Sector Commitments

1.4.3 WTO Regulation Reference Paper: Key Authorization Rules

1.5 Who Authorizes Telecommunications Services?

1.5.1 Who Authorizes Telecom Services?

1.6 Types of Authorization Regimes

1.6.1 Main Types of Authorization Regimes

1.7 The Legal Framework for Authorization

1.7.1 Administrative Authorizations, Agreements and Concessions

1.8 Developing Market Entry Policies

1.8.1 Defining Service Areas

2 General Authorizations and Open Entry Policies

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Advantages of General Authorizations and Open Entry Policies

2.2.1 Services Often Subject to General Authorizations or Open Entry Policies

2.3 Issuing General Authorizations

2.3.1 Transitioning to General Authorization Regimes

2.3.2 Conditions of General Authorizations

2.4 Open Entry Notification Procedures

2.5 The EU Authorization Framework

2.5.1 The EU Regulatory Framework

2.5.2 EU Authorisation and Framework Directives: Authorization Requirements

3 Individual Licences

3.1 Individual Licences and Regulatory Certainty

3.1.1 Licensing Certainty in Developing Markets

3.2 Contents of a Detailed Individual Licence

3.2.1 Sample Contents of a Detailed PSTN Licence

4 The Competitive Licensing Process

4.1 Competitive Licensing Process

4.1.1 Features of a Multiple Round Auction: The Canadian Example

4.2 Phases of a Competitive Licensing Process

4.3 Scheduling the Licensing Process

4.3.1 Steps in the Licensing Schedule

4.4 The Guide to the Licensing Process

4.4.1 Contents of the Guide to the Licensing Process

4.5 The Public Notice of the Request for Applications

4.5.1 Licensing Process Public Notice

4.6 The Pre-Qualification Phase

4.6.1 Whether to Include a Pre-Qualification Phase

4.6.2 Pre-Qualification Criteria

4.7 Qualification Criteria and Selection Criteria

4.7.1 The Qualification Phase

4.8 The Selection Phase

4.8.1 Competitive Selection Mechanisms

4.8.2 Selection Criteria

4.8.3 The Selection Process

4.8.4 Choosing Selection Mechanisms and Criteria

5 Fees

5.1 Authorization and Other Fees

5.1.1 More on Authorization Fees




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1.3.1 ICTs as social and economic enablers

1.3.2 Drivers for universal access and service policy

1.3.3 Market gaps and universal access policy

1.4 Changing contexts and trends for universal access policy

1.4.1 Trends in universal access policy

1.4.2 The future evolution of universal access: e-inclusion

1.5 International developments

1.5.1 The World Summit on the Information Society objectives

1.5.2 The Millennium Development Goals

1.6 Integration with other national programmes

1.6.1 Education

1.6.2 E-government

1.6.3 Electricity

1.6.4 Micro-finance and e-banking

2 Regulatory Reform & Universal Access and Service

2.1 Reform first

2.1.1 Technology neutral, unified licensing or general authorizations

2.1.2 Open access and regulating dominant markets

2.1.3 Interconnection and tariffs

2.1.4 Radio spectrum regulation

2.1.5 Taxes, import duties and other fees

2.1.6 The removal of pre-liberalization obligations

2.1.7 Timing of a universal access and service programme

2.2 Impact and importance of competition on Universal Access

2.2.1 Competition and coverage

2.2.2 Achieving affordability and improved service

2.2.3 Market Segmentation and servicing the poorest

2.3 The UA market and how operators are addressing it

2.3.1 Sources of operator revenues in rural areas

2.3.2 Low ARPUs are not an insurmountable barrier for operators

2.4 Regulatory measures to improve UAS

2.4.1 Designing licence awards to promote universal access and service

2.4.2 Revising the licensing regime or issuing new licences

2.4.3 Other licence incentives to promote universal access and service

2.4.4 Freer use of spectrum in rural areas

2.4.5 Tariff flexibility

2.4.6 Geographically asymmetric interconnection

2.5 Enabling regulation for broadband

2.5.1 Market liberalization and incentives for network deployment

2.5.2 International bandwidth, gateway liberalization and national peering

2.5.3 Planning for converged services and stimulating demand

3 Overview of approaches to universal access and service

3.1 Traditional incumbent obligations

3.1.1 Universal service at the time of monopoly

3.1.2 Administrative USO designation after market opening

3.1.3 Administrative allocation of universal service funding

3.1.4 Access Deficit Charges

3.2 Competing for subsidies from Universal Access and Service Funds

3.2.1 First generations of competitive UASFs fixed line services

3.2.2 Second generation of UASFs in existence today

3.2.3 Advantages of UASFs as compared to other approaches

3.2.4 Performance of funds to date

3.3 Non-central government actors in universal access and service

3.3.1 Village Phone Programs

3.3.2 Community and municipal broadband networks

3.3.3 Public and community Internet access, telecentres and cybercafs

3.4 Open access, shared access and ICT backbones

3.4.1 Incumbent network access

3.4.2 Backbone network enhancement

3.4.3 Emerging alternative network options

3.4.4 Specially constituted network operator




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3.4.5 Network operators in a consortium

3.4.6 Current and Emerging Forms of Mobile Network Sharing

3.4.7 Funding of backbone initiatives

3.5 Other approaches and initiatives promoting UAS

3.5.1 Rural co-operatives

3.5.2 Regional or rural operator licensing

3.5.3 Community radio and local radio

4 Universal Access and Service Policy

4.1 Universal access and service policy framework

4.1.1 Scope of policy

4.1.2 UAS policy in context

4.1.3 Relationship to broadband policy

4.1.4 Integrated or separate UAS policy

4.1.5 UAS institutional framework

4.1.6 Basic structure and key principles of UAS Policy

4.2 Universal access and service policy development

4.2.1 Sector review and market analysis

4.2.2 Policy formulation

4.2.3 The priority of regulatory measures

4.2.4 Financial considerations and analysis

4.2.5 Economic appraisal of UAS options

4.2.6 Consultation

4.3 Legal modifications and regulations4.3.1 Legal amendments

4.3.2 Detailed regulations

5 Financing Universal Access and Service

5.1 General trends in ICT development and UAS finance

5.2 Universal Access and Service Funds

5.2.1 Sources of funds

5.2.2 Industry levy who should contribute?

5.2.3 Appropriate industry contribution

5.3 Institutional issues: managing and organizing a UASF

5.3.1 Targeting commercial viability after subsidy

5.3.2 UASF management

5.3.3 Ensuring accountability, transparency and efficiency

5.3.4 Risks of high charges and high cost UAS orientation5.3.5 Faster commercial expansion than UASF implementation pace

5.3.6 The smart subsidy zone is hard to predict

5.3.7 Evaluation and re-appraisal of UASF operation

5.3.8 NGN, ICTs and future role of Universal Service and Access Funds

5.4 Other approaches to UAS funding

5.4.1 Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

5.4.2 Municipal network alternatives and funding approaches

5.4.3 Village phone, operator outreach and partnership programmes

5.4.4 Collaborative initiatives financed by OECD governments

5.4.5 World Bank and other International Finance Institutions

5.4.6 Non-government & philanthropic sources

6 UAS Programme Development and Prioritization

6.1 ICT Sector Analysis and Assessing Demand

6.1.1 ICT sector review6.1.2 Per capita and household expenditure on communications

6.1.3 Incoming call revenue

6.1.4 Demand for Internet services

6.1.5 Field demand studies

6.2 Modelling costs, viability and subsidy analysis

6.2.1 Revenue and cost estimation for public access telephony

6.2.2 Revenue and cost estimation for public access internet

6.3 Economic impact of UAS projects

6.3.1 Economic impacts of communications

6.3.2 Economic impacts of broadband Internet & ICT service deployment




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6.4 Prioritization of USA projects

6.4.1 Qualitative approach

6.4.2 Quantitative socio-economic analysis using NPV

6.4.3 Ranking using the findings of a financial subsidy analysis

6.4.4 Subsidy cost per beneficiary

7 Competing for UAS subsidies

7.1 Design of the UAS bidding strategy

7.1.1 Determining eligibility for UAS competitions

7.1.2 Developing UAS bidding strategy and deciding on bidding lots

7.1.3 Design of bidding process

7.1.4 Competition and application procedures for smaller ICT projects

7.1.5 Competition and application procedures for smaller ICT projects

7.2 Bidding & subsidy distribution process

7.2.1 Publicizing the opportunity

7.2.2 Pre-bid meeting

7.2.3 Bid evaluation, selection of winning bid and bid award

7.2.4 Business or sustainability plans as pre-requisite for fund allocation

7.3 Inspection, payment, monitoring and evaluation

7.3.1 Inspection, payment and technical auditor

7.3.2 Monitoring and reporting requirements

7.3.3 Strategic reviews & evaluation studies

8 Technologies for Universal Access and Service

8.1 Technology and service neutrality

8.2 Technology choices

8.2.1 Optical fibre

8.2.2 Wireline networks

8.2.3 Terrestrial Radio

8.2.4 Mobile networks

8.2.5 Fixed and other non-Mobile Wireless Access

8.2.6 Satellite

8.3 Broadband and the implications of using IP

8.3.1 Next Generation Networks

8.3.2 Contribution to universal access funds

8.3.3 Substitution for telephony

8.3.4 Substitution for broadcasting

8.3.5 Provision of content

8.4 Terminals

8.4.1 Handsets: Phones and PDAs

8.4.2 Computers

8.5 Relationship with the environment

8.5.1 Reuse of equipment

8.5.2 Recycling of equipment

8.5.3 Alternative power sources

8.5.4 Contributions of Information and Communication Technologies

MODULE 5. RADIO SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT

Executive Summaries

1 Spectrum Management Overview1.1 Introduction to Spectrum Management Overview

1.2 Spectrum as a Resource

1.2.1 Spectrum as an Economic Resource

1.2.2 Spectrum as a Technical Resource

1.2.3 Spectrum Scarcity

1.3 Objectives of Spectrum Management

1.3.1 High-Level Economic Efficiency Objectives

1.3.2 High-Level Technical Efficiency Objectives

1.3.3 High-Level Policy Objectives

1.4 Stakeholders




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1.5 Fundamental Management Approach

1.5.1 Administrative Methods

1.5.2 Market Methods

1.5.3 Unlicensed Spectrum

1.5.4 Striking a balance

1.6 Governance and Outsourcing

1.6.1 Institutional arrangements

1.6.2 Management Rights Systems and Band Managers

1.6.3 Outsourcing

1.6.4 Spectrum Trading Systems

2 Spectrum Policy and Planning

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Policy

2.3 Spectrum Planning

2.3.1 Planning Timeframes

2.3.2 Knowledge of Current Spectrum Use

2.3.3 Planning for Future Spectrum Use

2.3.4 The Radio Regulations

2.3.5 National Frequency Allocation Table

2.3.6 National Legislation and Regulations Governing Spectrum Use

2.3.7 Public Use Spectrum

2.3.8 Re-allocating and Refarming Spectrum

2.3.9 Consultation with Stakeholders


2.3.11 Financing of Spectrum Management

2.4 Technical Standards

2.4.1 The Objectives

2.4.2 Spectrum Use Standards

2.4.3 Coping with Congestion in Unlicensed Spectrum No Standards?

2.4.4 Radiocommunication Equipment Standards

2.4.5 Radiation Standards

2.4.6 Other Standards

2.4.7 Standards Development and Application

2.4.8 Certification

2.5 Allocating Spectrum

2.5.1 Radio Services

2.5.2 Frequency Allocation Tables

2.5.3 Spectrum Use Designations

3 Authorization

3.1 Introduction to Authorization

3.2 Assigning Frequencies

3.2.1 Methods for Assigning Frequencies

3.2.2 Relation to Other Authorizations

3.2.3 Liberalization and the Impact on Authorization

3.2.4 Technological Innovation and the Impact on Authorization

3.2.5 Engineering Support

3.2.6 Administrative Support

3.3 Certification of Radio Operators

3.4 Equipment Authorization

3.4.1 Equipment Certification

3.4.2 Laboratory Certification

4 Spectrum Sharing

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Access to Spectrum

4.2.1 Forms of Spectrum Sharing

4.2.2 Which bands can be shared?

4.2.3 Administrative sharing

4.2.4 Market-based sharing

4.2.5 Technically enabled sharing

4.2.6 Emerging Technology Enablers




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4.3 International Trends in Spectrum Sharing

4.3.1 Trends in reform

4.3.2 Interference Management

4.3.3 Leading practices

4.3.4 Spectrum Sharing in Practice

4.4 Implementing Spectrum Sharing

4.4.1 Market structure

4.4.2 Practical steps

4.4.3 Information and administrative procedures for spectrum transfer

5 Spectrum Pricing

5.1 Introduction to Spectrum Pricing

5.2 Cost Recovery

5.2.1 The Structure of Costs of a Spectrum Management Agency

5.2.2 Setting Fees and Prices to Recover Costs in Practice

5.3 Spectrum Usage

5.3.1 Spectrum Usage Fees in Practice

5.4 Spectrum Royalties and Lotteries

5.5 Auctions

5.5.1 Types of Auction

5.5.2 Specifying What is to be Auctioned

5.5.3 Rules and Procedures for Auctions

5.5.4 Auctions in Practice

5.6 Secondary Markets

5.6.1 Defining Property Rights for Spectrum Trading

5.7 Administered Incentive Prices

5.7.1 The Opportunity Cost of Spectrum

5.7.2 Administered Incentive Prices in Practice

5.7.3 Adjusting spectrum prices

6 Spectrum Monitoring and Compliance

6.1 Spectrum Monitoring

6.1.1 Spectrum Monitoring Objectives

6.1.2 Emissions, Interference and Spectrum Use

6.1.3 Spectrum Monitoring Activities

6.1.4 International Spectrum Monitoring Cooperation

6.2 Spectrum Monitoring Technology6.2.1 Monitoring Equipment

6.2.2 Monitoring System Architecture

6.3 Enforcing Compliance

6.3.1 Monitoring Compliance with Technical Standards

6.3.2 Solving Interference Problems

6.3.3 Inspections

6.3.4 Equipment Seizure and other Enforcement Actions

7 International Affairs

7.1 Introduction to International Affairs

7.2 Project Activities

7.2.1 ITU Related Project Activities

African Telecommunications Union

Asia-Pacific Telecommunity

Caribbean Telecommunications Union

CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations

CITEL - Inter-American Telecommunication Commission

GCC - Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

RCC - Regional Commonwealth in the field of Communications

7.2.2 Recent ITU World Radio (WRC) and Regional Radio Conferences (RRC)

7.2.3 Project Activities Related to Other Global Inter-governmental Organizations

7.2.4 Other Bilateral and Multilateral Project Activities

7.3 Transactional Activities

7.3.1 ITU Related Transactional Activities

7.3.2 International Borderline Frequency Coordination




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7.3.3 Other Transactional Activities

8 Developing Spectrum Management Capacity

8.1 Introduction to Developing Capacity

8.2 Organization

8.3 Human Resources and Training Development

8.3.1 Human Resources

8.3.2 Training Development

8.4 Business Processes

8.5 Consultative Practices

MODULE 6. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Executive Summaries

1 Introduction

2 Why Regulate?

2.1 Evolution of Regulatory Reforms

2.2 Regulation in Transition to Competitive Market

2.3 Regulation in a Fully Competitive Environment

2.4 Benefits of Regulation

3 Legal Context of Regulatory Reform

3.1 Impact of Different Legal Traditions on the Regulatory Framework

3.1.1 Snapshot of Different Legal Traditions

3.1.2 Regulatory Frameworks in Different Legal Systems

3.1.3 Implementation of Regulatory Design

3.2 Impact of Multilateral and Regional Commitments

3.2.1 Role of the World Trade Organization

3.2.2 Regional Frameworks

3.3 Maturity of the Market - Relationship between Telecommunications Legislation and Competition Policy

3.3.1 The Evolution from Sector-Specific Regulation to Competition-Based Regulation

3.3.2 Analysis of Jurisdictional Division of Power between Competition Authorities and Regulatory Institutions

3.3.3 Practical Lessons for Developing Countries

3.4 Impact of Other Legislation

3.4.1 Tax Law

3.4.2 Foreign Ownership

3.4.3 Consumer Protection Law

3.4.4 Spam Legislation

3.4.5 Property Law

4 Impact of Convergence

4.1 What is Convergence?

4.2 Different Approaches in Implementing ICT Regulation

4.2.1 Legislative Approach

4.2.2 Regulatory Approach

4.2.3 Self-Regulation Process

4.3 Modifications to Telecommunications Legislation to Address Convergence

4.3.1 Licensing

4.3.2 Spectrum


4.3.4 Numbering

4.3.5 Universal Service

4.4 Modification to Broadcasting and ICT Legislation to Address Convergence

4.4.1 Media and Broadcasting Legislation

4.4.2 Content

4.4.3 Intellectual Property Laws

4.4.4 Data Protection/Privacy Laws




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4.5 Case Studies of Converged Legislation

4.5.1 European Union New Regulatory Framework (NRF)

4.5.2 Hong Kong (SAR)

4.5.3 Malaysia

5 Elements for an Effective Regulator

5.1 What Constitutes an Effective Regulator?

5.1.1 Structural Independence

5.1.2 Financial Independence

5.1.3 Functionality

6 Organizational and Institutional Approaches To Regulation

6.1 Institutional Design Options

6.1.1 Overview and Comparison of Different Institutional Designs

6.1.2 Overview and Comparison of Different Organizational and Administrative Structures

6.2 Administrative Structures: Staffing and Remuneration

6.2.1 Staffing Process

6.2.2 Staffing Design

6.2.3 Job Descriptions

6.2.4 Remuneration Principles

6.2.5 Contracting of Consultants

6.3 Separation of Power and Relationship of Regulator with Other Entities

6.3.1 Relationships with Other Entities

6.3.2 Checks and Balances/Balance of Power/Separation of Power

6.4 Legal Status of Regulatory Authorities

6.4.1 Corporate Body vs. Administrative Body

6.4.2 Judicial Capacity of the Institutional Arrangements

6.5 Ethics Rules and Conflicts of Interest

6.5.1 Acceptance of Gifts

6.5.2 Personal and Financial Conflicts of Interest

6.5.3 Post-employment Prospects

7 Functional Aspects of Regulation

7.1 Overview of Regulators Competencies and Mandate

7.1.1 Rulemaking Function

7.1.2 Oversight Function

7.1.3 Licensing

7.1.4 Competition Policy and Competitive Safeguards

7.1.5 Tariff Regulation


7.1.7 Quality of Service Regulatory Roles and Responsibilities

7.1.8 Consumer Protection

7.1.9 Establishment and Management of Universal Service Funds

7.2 Decision-making Process and Consultation Framework

7.2.1 Overview of the Public Consultation Process

7.2.2 Media Relations

7.2.3 Brief Summary

7.3 Accountability of Regulators and Consumer Protection

7.3.1 Accountability of Regulators

7.3.2 Accountability for Consumers

7.4 Dispute Resolution and Enforcement


7.4.2 Enforcement

MODULE 7. NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPACTS ON REGULATION

Executive Summaries

1 Technology Trends

1.1 Fundamental Technological Changes

1.1.1 Digitalization

Compression




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Modulation

Forward Error Correction (FEC)

1.1.2 Computerization

1.1.3 Packet based switching

1.2 The Internet

1.2.1 Internet Protocol (IP)

1.2.2 Internet design principles

Separation of networks and services

End-to-End architecture

Scalability

Distributed design & decentralized control

1.2.3 QoS

1.2.4 Security

1.2.5 Mobility and Nomadicity

1.2.6 IPv6

1.2.7 Peer 2 Peer

1.3 Mobile Communication

1.3.1 Mobile Standards

First Generation (1G)

Second Generation (2G)

Evolution of 2G (2.5G)

Third Generation (3G)

1.3.2 Mobile Services

Voice Services

Location Based Services

Multimedia Services

Corporate Services

Mobile Internet Access

1.3.3 Future Technologies

Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Cognitive Radio

1.4 Next Generation Networks (NGN)

1.4.1 Next Generation Core Networks (NGCN)

1.4.2 Next Generation Access Networks (NGAN)

ADSL

ADSL2, ADSL2+ & RE-ADSL2

VDSL & UDSL

Cable TV

PLC

FTTx

WiFi

WiMAX

Satellite

Digital Broadcast Infrastructures

Wireless Mesh networks

1.5 Convergence

1.5.1 Mobile Broadcast Convergence

1.5.2 Fixed Mobile Convergence

1.5.3 Converged Services

VoIP

IPTV

1.6 Information Society Technologies

1.6.1 The role of ICTs in other sectors

Marketed ServicesVirtual Organizations

1.7 Disruptive Technologies

2 Market and Regulation

2.1 Direct and indirect technology implications

2.2 Implications of technology for the economics of the overall Market Structure

2.2.1 Service innovations

Internet

Key points and recommendations

Mobile communication




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2.2.2 Network innovations

Copper-based telecom network

Cable TV networks (HFC)

Optical fibre networks

Power line communication

Mobile networks

Wireless networks (other than mobile)

Satellite


2.2.3 Vertical Separation the Scope for new Business Models

Internationalisation


2.2.4 Horizontal integration


2.3 Price regulation

2.3.1 The objective of price regulation

2.3.2 Current approaches to price regulation

Discretionary Price Setting

Rate of Return

Price Cap

Cost-Based Price Setting

2.3.3 Technology implications for price setting

2.3.4 Key points and recommendations

2.4 Interconnection

2.4.1 The objective of interconnection regulation

2.4.2 Interconnection products/service offerings

Circuit switched interconnection products

Unbundled network components

Packet switched interconnection products

2.4.3 Comparison of existing regimes for interconnection

2.4.4 Regulatory implications


Development of next generation access network infrastructures

Increasing use of IP and other packet switching infrastructures

Convergence

Implications caused by in market structure


2.5 (Re) Licensing

2.5.1 Objectives and current regulation

2.5.2 Implications of technology trends


Development of next generation network infrastructures


Convergence

Implications caused by changes in market structure


2.6 Universal Access

2.6.1 Objectives and current regulation

Universal Service Obligation

Universal Service Fund



Development of next generation network infrastructures


Convergence

Implications caused by changes in market structure


2.7 Spectrum Management

2.7.1 Objectives for spectrum management

2.7.2 Regulatory framework for spectrum management

Allocation

Allotment

Assignment


Development of next generation of network infrastructures




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Mobile Communication

Convergence

Increasing use of IP and other packet switched infrastructures

Convergence

Implications mediated via changes in market structure


2.8 Numbering

2.8.1 Objectives of numbering

2.8.2 Regulatory framework for allocation of numbers



2.9 Summary of regulatory implications

2.9.1 Regulatory implications from mobile communication

2.9.2 Regulatory implications from NGN

2.9.3 Regulatory implications from IP

2.9.4 Regulatory implications from convergence

2.9.5 Regulatory implications caused by changes in market structure

2.10 Key points and recommendations

3 New Regulatory Paradigm

3.1 The development so far and the new paradigm

3.1.1 The telecom reform process

3.1.2 The natural monopoly thesis

3.1.3 Transition phases

3.1.4 Consolidation and further development


3.2 Technology and market trends

3.2.1 Regulation of convergence and divergence

Convergence

Divergence


3.2.2 Changed relations between national and international level

International tariffs

Internationalization of telecom markets


Public sector influence

3.2.3 Technology leapfrogging

Factors affecting leapfrogging


Technology examples

3.3 Regulatory implications

3.3.1 Sector specific and/or general competition regulation


Present discourse

Regulatory areas

3.3.2 Technology neutrality

Implications

Interpretations of the concept


3.3.3 Infrastructure vs. service competition

Access competition


New access infrastructures

The ladder theory3.3.4 Cost-based regulation

Cost-based pricing

Costs as a basis for technology choice


3.3.5 Alternative business models

Diversifying participation

Focus of regulation


3.3.6 Quality of Service (QoS)


Regulation




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Transition to packet-switching

3.4 Policy Integration

3.4.1 Integration of different categories of public policy intervention


Modes of intervention

The broader policy context

3.4.2 Focus on innovation

Open the sector for innovations

Competition and innovation

Networks and services


3.4.3 Standardization

Application and service standards

Intra- and inter-standard competition


Network standards

3.4.4 Public-private partnership


PPP in communications

The PPP discourse

3.4.5 Network and information security

Importance of security issues


Protection measures

3.5 Organizational aspects

3.5.1 Organizational dimensions

3.5.2 Organizational issues

3.5.3 Organizational leapfrogging


3.6 Key Points and Recommendations

3.6.1 Diversification of participation

3.6.2 Policy integration

3.6.3 Convergence and regulation

3.6.4 International outlook

3.6.5 Organizational change

4 Hot Topics

4.1 NGN

4.2 Wi-Fi

4.3 WiMAX

4.4 VoIP

4.5 IPTV

4.5.1 What is IPTV?

4.5.2 Classification of IPTV

4.5.3 Applying content regulation to IPTV providers

4.5.4 Licensing IPTV providers

4.5.5 Network unbundling

4.6 Mobile TV

4.6.1 What is mobile TV?

4.6.2 Classification of mobile TV

4.6.3 Applying content regulation to mobile TV

4.6.4 Licensing mobile TV providers

4.6.5 Spectrum issues

4.7 Other legal and regulatory issues impacting IPTV and mobile TV

4.7.1 Legal issues related to acquiring content

4.7.2 Vertical integration in content markets

4.7.3 Standards

4.7.4 Quality of service issues

4.7.5 Ownership issues

4.7.6 Regulatory authorities responsible for IPTV and mobile TV

4.7.7 Checklist for regulators introducing IPTV and mobile TV

Abbreviations




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Last updated 30 Mar 2010

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