Table of Content€¦ · Removal in Textile Wastewater 13 Waralee Watcharin and Suchawadee Wiratthikowit Magnetic Carbon Composites with a Hierarchical Structure for Adsorption of

i

Table of Content Page

Venue iii

Workshop Program iv

Abstract

Oral Presentation

Smart Vacuum Insulated Glazed Window Fabricated with Fusion-Sealed Solar Energy

Materials for the Transmittance Control of Heat in Buildings

1

Saim Memon

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanocrystals Melts and Polymer Thin Films 2

Paul D. McNaughter and Yevgeniy Riley, and Paul O’Brien

Engineering Materials with Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity and Safety for Transport

Applications

3

Mi Tian, Sébastien Rochat, Katarzyna Polak-Kraśna, Leighton T. Holyfield, Andrew D.

Burrows, Christopher R. Bowen, and Timothy J. Mays

Conjugated Polymers as Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production 4

Reiner Sebastian Sprick, Yang Bai, and Andrew I. Cooper

Economical nanocomposites of cobalt or nickel species and polyaniline-derived N-doped

mesoporous carbons as electrode materials for high performance dye-sensitized solar cell and

supercapacitor

5

Panitat Hasin, Chattrat Ponghiransmith, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung, Narong Chanlek, and

Binh Duong

“Inverse vulcanisation” sulphur polymers: Smart materials for an energy responsible future 6

Joseph C. Bear, Annie Rae, William J. Peveler, Paul D. McNaughter, Ivan P. Parkin, Paul

O’Brien, Tom Hasell, Charles W. Dunnill, and Andrew G. Mayes

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimonium Telluride 7

Nattasamon Petchsang

Functional Scanning Probe Imaging of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes 8

Binh Duong

Theoretical Study of Water Molecules Adsorption on Graphene-based Materials for Humidity

Sensor Application

9

Mayuree Phonyiem, Kittikun Maksuk, and Winadda Wongwiriyapan

Pesticide Detection Based on Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor 10

Nongluck Houngkamhang, Supanat Sasipongpana, Sirapat Pratontep, Yossawat

Rayanasukha, Seeroong Prichanont, Chanchana Thanachayanont, and Supanit Porntheerapat

Advanced Materials from Extreme Marine Environment 11

Sreejith Raveendran and D. Sakthi Kumar

Hybrid Graphene/Metal Oxide Catalysts for Water Treatment 12

Sina Saremi-Yarahmadi, Bala Vaidhyanthan, and Aashu Anshuman

Potential Utilization of Biopolymer Chitosan and Cationic/Anionic Polymers for Color

Removal in Textile Wastewater

13

Waralee Watcharin and Suchawadee Wiratthikowit

Magnetic Carbon Composites with a Hierarchical Structure for Adsorption of Tetracycline,

Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse via Hydrothermal Carbonization Coupled with Simple Heat

Treatment: Properties and Further Improvement

14

Natthanan Rattanachueskul, Amonrada Saning, Sulawan Kaowphong, Nawapong Chumha,

and Laemthong Chuenchom

Activated Carbon for Removal of Pharmaceuticals During Wastewater Treatment: A Long-

Term International Perspective

15

John Wilkinson and Alistair Boxall

A Monolithic Nano-Graphitic-Carbon-Cryogel Composite with Interconnected Macroporosity

for the Adsorption of Persistent Organic Pollutants

16

Yishan Zheng, Kakay Lau, Ganesh Ingavle, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Wulan Koagouw, and

Susan Sandeman

Photodegradation of reactive red azo dye by ZnO photocatalyst 17

Saengnapa Kakarndee and Suwat Nanan

Nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in water decontamination 18

Padtaraporn Chanhom, Chawalit Takoon, and Numpon Insin

ii

Table of Content (Cont.) Page

Exploiting the Two-dimensional (2D) Nature of a Layered Titanate toward Environmental

Protection and Remediation

19

Tosapol Maluangnont

Whole Cells Cross-Linked Bacteria for Biodegradation of Phenol Derivatives 20

Dmitriy Berillo, Andrew Cundy, Jonathan L. Caplin, and Irina Savina

Poster Presentation

Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposite Preparation using in-situ Polymerisation of ε-Caprolactam 21

Ranjeet Gupta, Ketan Pancholi, Rulston De Sa, Ghazi Droubi, Duncan Murray

Synthesis of Hydrothermal ZnO Nanostructures and their Application for Nanogenerator 22

Annop Klamchuen

Effect of sintering additive on the Barium Zirconate Titanate Lead free ceramic 23

Nawal Binhayeeniyi, Pisan Sukwisute, and Nantakan Muensit

Fabrication of diamond-graphite like carbon thin films as high efficient counter electrodes for

dye-sensitized solar cells

24

Pikaned Uppachai and Vittaya Amornkitbamrung

Zn substituted LaCoO3 for Supercapacitors 25

Voranuch Somsongkul, Marisa Arunchaiya, Chanapa Kongmark, and Chanchana

Thanachayanont

Residues from Biomass Thermal Treatment in Energy-from-Waste Facilities for Environmental

Protection

26

Anna A. Bogush

Tailoring the Gas Sensor Performance of Carbon Nanotube Functionalized with Polymer and

Nanoparticles

27

Winadda Wongwiriyapan, Worawut Muangrat, Nuttaya Sukgorn, Chinathun Pinming,

Mayuree Phonyiem, Satoshi Ichikawa, Visittapong Yordsri, and Chanchana Thanachayanont

Characterization of Mesocellular Foam Silica with Different Template Removal Methods and

Their Effects on Application as Supporting Material for Enzyme Biosensor

28

Nithi Thananukul, Seeroong Prichanont, Chanchana Thanachayanont, and Bralee

Chayasombat

The Employment of Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment and Renewable Energy

Generation

29

Alireza Abbassi Monjezi

Activated Carbon Eliminates the Bioavailability of TCDD to a Mammalian (Mouse) Model 30

J. Brett Sallach, Robert Crawford, Hui Li, Cliff T. Johnston, Brian J. Teppen, Norbert A.

Kaminski, and Stephen A. Boyd

Recovery of Indium and Gallium from Waste Sludges in Zinc Extraction Plant 31

Sankum Nusen, Noppadol Yottawee, Chu Yong Cheng, and Torranin Chairuangsri

Fate and Cytotoxicity. Evaluation of Water-Remediation Iron Oxide and Aluminium Oxide

Nanoparticles

32

Lubinda Mbundi, Sandeep Kumar, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy,

and Rosa Busquets Santacana

Effect of Iron Oxide and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Cell Proliferation and Survival 33

Sandeep Kumar, Lubinda Mbundi, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy,

Rosa Busquets Santacana

iii

Venue

Sirindhorn Science Home

National Science and Technology Development Agency

111 Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road,

Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

iv

Workshop Program

28th

March 2018 10:00 - 11:00 Registration

11:00 - 11:15 Inauguration 1




12:00 - 13:00 Lunch break

13:00 - 13:30 Presentation of the mentoring scheme (Materials X Environment)

13:30 - 14:00 Speed networking event

14:00 - 15:00 5-min research pitch (10 participants)

15:00 - 18:30 Networking activity: group visit to the city by bus

18:30 - 20:00 Free evening

20:00 Transportation back to AIT center

29th

March 2018 9:30 - 10:30 Keynote lecture: Trends in the development of advanced functional materials for environmental

protection

Dr. Chanchana Thanachayanont

10:30 - 10:45 Coffee Break

10:45 - 11:45 Keynote lecture: Career and grant application opportunities (UK)

Prof. Sergey Mikhalovsky


12:45 - 13:00 Smart Vacuum Insulated Glazed Window Fabricated with Fusion-Sealed Solar Energy

Materials for the Transmittance Control of Heat in Buildings

Saim Memon

13:00 - 13:15 Size-Controlled Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanocrystals Melts and Polymer Thin Films

Paul D. McNaughter and Yevgeniy Riley, and Paul O’Brien

13:15 - 13:30 Engineering Materials with Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity and Safety for Transport

Applications

Mi Tian, Sébastien Rochat, Katarzyna Polak-Kraśna, Leighton T. Holyfield, Andrew D.

Burrows, Christopher R. Bowen, and Timothy J. Mays

13:30 - 13:45 Conjugated Polymers as Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production


13:45 - 14:00 Economical nanocomposites of cobalt or nickel species and polyaniline-derived N-doped

mesoporous carbons as electrode materials for high performance dye-sensitized solar cell and

supercapacitor

Panitat Hasin, Chattrat Ponghiransmith, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung, Narong Chanlek, and

Binh Duong

14:00 - 14:15 “Inverse vulcanisation” sulphur polymers: Smart materials for an energy responsible future

Joseph C. Bear, Annie Rae, William J. Peveler, Paul D. McNaughter, Ivan P. Parkin, Paul

O’Brien, Tom Hasell, Charles W. Dunnill, and Andrew G. Mayes

14:15 - 14:30 Coffee break

14:30 - 15:30 Poster session

15:30 - 16:30 Roundtable discussion: Role of interdisciplinary work in material and environmental science

Sergey Mikhalovsky and all

16:30 - 17:00 Networking activity

17:00 - 18:30 Networking activity: group visit to Ayuthya (the ancient city)

18:30 - 20:00 Dinner at a restaurant in Ayuthya


v

30th

March 2018 9:00 - 10:00 Keynote lecture: Functionalised waste materials for environmental protection

Dr. Rosa Busquets

10:00 - 10:15 Coffee Break

10:15 - 10:30 Synthesis and Characterization of Antimonium Telluride


10:30 - 10:45 Functional Scanning Probe Imaging of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes

Binh Duong

10:45 - 11:00 Theoretical Study of Water Molecules Adsorption on Graphene-based Materials for Humidity

Sensor Application


11:00 - 11:15 Pesticide Detection Based on Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor

Nongluck Houngkamhang, Supanat Sasipongpana, Sirapat Pratontep, Yossawat

Rayanasukha, Seeroong Prichanont, Chanchana Thanachayanont, and Supanit

Porntheerapat

11:15 - 11:30 Advanced Materials from Extreme Marine Environment

Sreejith Raveendran and D. Sakthi Kumar

11:30 - 11:45 Hybrid Graphene/Metal Oxide Catalysts for Water Treatment



12:15 - 13:00 Roundtable discussion: Careers and grant applications (Thailand)

Dr. Chanchana Thanachayanont

13:00 - 13:15 Potential Utilization of Biopolymer Chitosan and Cationic/Anionic Polymers for Color

Removal in Textile Wastewater


13:15 - 13:30 Magnetic Carbon Composites with a Hierarchical Structure for Adsorption of Tetracycline,

Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse via Hydrothermal Carbonization Coupled with Simple Heat

Treatment: Properties and Further Improvement

Natthanan Rattanachueskul, Amonrada Saning, Sulawan Kaowphong, Nawapong Chumha,

and Laemthong Chuenchom

13:30 - 13:45 Activated Carbon for Removal of Pharmaceuticals During Wastewater Treatment: A Long-

Term International Perspective


13:45 - 14:00 A Monolithic Nano-Graphitic-Carbon-Cryogel Composite with Interconnected Macroporosity

for the Adsorption of Persistent Organic Pollutants

Yishan Zheng, Kakay Lau, Ganesh Ingavle, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Wulan Koagouw, and

Susan Sandeman

14:00 - 14:15 Photodegradation of reactive red azo dye by ZnO photocatalyst


14:15 - 14:30 Nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in water decontamination

Padtaraporn Chanhom, Chawalit Takoon, and Numpon Insin


14:45 - 16:00 Hands on training: Preparation of Nanomaterial

16:00 - 17:00 Hands on training: Characterisation of Nanomaterials

17:00 - 18:00 Poster session

18:00 - 19:00 Networking activity

19:00 - 20:00 Cruise dinner in the city


vi

31st March 2018

9:00 - 9:45 Keynote lecture: Photocatalytic materials for water treatment

Dr. Jirapat Ananpattarachai


10:00 - 11:00 Keynote lecture: British Embassy

11:00 - 11:30 Keynote lecture: The Local Industry 1



13:00 - 13:15 Exploiting the Two-dimensional (2D) Nature of a Layered Titanate toward Environmental

Protection and Remediation

Tosapol Maluangnont

13:15 - 13:30 Whole Cells Cross-Linked Bacteria for Biodegradation of Phenol Derivatives

Dmitriy Berillo, Andrew Cundy, Jonathan L. Caplin, and Irina Savina


14:00 - 15:00 Keynote lecture: Issues in publishing-how to avoid them or a practical guide to avoid desk

rejections

Associate Prof. Peter Hooda


15:15 - 17:30 Grant writing: Review of technology gaps and brainstorming of ideas

C. Thanachayanont, S. Mikhalovsky, P. Hooda, J. Ananpattarachai and R. Busquets

17:30 - 18:00 Future collaboration and closure

Dr. Rosa Busquets

18:00 Farewell Dinner on site

vii

Poster Session Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposite Preparation using in-situ Polymerisation of ε-Caprolactam


Synthesis of Hydrothermal ZnO Nanostructures and their Application for Nanogenerator

Annop Klamchuen

Effect of sintering additive on the Barium Zirconate Titanate Lead free ceramic

Nawal Binhayeeniyi, Pisan Sukwisute, and Nantakan Muensit

Fabrication of diamond-graphite like carbon thin films as high efficient counter electrodes for dye-sensitized

solar cells

Pikaned Uppachai and Vittaya Amornkitbamrung

Zn substituted LaCoO3 for Supercapacitors

Voranuch Somsongkul, Marisa Arunchaiya, Chanapa Kongmark, and Chanchana Thanachayanont

Residues from Biomass Thermal Treatment in Energy-from-Waste Facilities for Environmental Protection

Anna A. Bogush

Tailoring the Gas Sensor Performance of Carbon Nanotube Functionalized with Polymer and Nanoparticles

Winadda Wongwiriyapan, Worawut Muangrat, Nuttaya Sukgorn, Chinathun Pinming, Mayuree Phonyiem,

Satoshi Ichikawa, Visittapong Yordsri, and Chanchana Thanachayanont

Characterization of Mesocellular Foam Silica with Different Template Removal Methods and Their Effects on

Application as Supporting Material for Enzyme Biosensor

Nithi Thananukul, Seeroong Prichanont, Chanchana Thanachayanont, and Bralee Chayasombat

The Employment of Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment and Renewable Energy Generation


Activated Carbon Eliminates the Bioavailability of TCDD to a Mammalian (Mouse) Model

J. Brett Sallach, Robert Crawford, Hui Li, Cliff T. Johnston, Brian J. Teppen, Norbert A. Kaminski, and

Stephen A. Boyd

Recovery of Indium and Gallium from Waste Sludges in Zinc Extraction Plant

Sankum Nusen, Noppadol Yottawee, Chu Yong Cheng, and Torranin Chairuangsri

Fate and Cytotoxicity. Evaluation of Water-Remediation Iron Oxide and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles

Lubinda Mbundi, Sandeep Kumar, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy, and Rosa

Busquets Santacana

Effect of Iron Oxide and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Cell Proliferation and Survival

Sandeep Kumar, Lubinda Mbundi, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy, Rosa Busquets

Santacana

viii

1

Smart Vacuum Insulated Glazed Window Fabricated with Fusion-Sealed

Solar Energy Materials for the Transmittance Control of Heat in Buildings

Saim Memon

Centre for Advanced Materials, London South Bank University, London, SE11 0AA, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Carbon reduction and energy efficiency of domestic buildings have been one of the major global

concerns due to limits with climate change. Smart vacuum insulated glazing is a quintessential development

in the move to energy-efficient buildings because the excessive solar energy transmittance through

conventional windows contributes a loss of internal cooling loads in the hot-arid countries resulting

preventable electrical energy loss. The importance of vacuum glazing is as it maintains the transparency,

regardless of tiny pillar spots, and its slim due its narrow vacuum gap when compared to the conventional

glazings. In this paper the results of experimental and theoretical investigations into the development of B2O3

surface textured layer and ultrasonically soldered with Sn90In10 alloy wire sealing the edges of the two glass

sheets hermetically (fusion seal) are reported. The glass sheets are separated by 0.13mm high and 0.3 mm

diameter support pillars. A medium-vacuum pressure of the evacuated cavity between two glass sheets is

achieved to be 0.095 Pa. Stress patterns were observed during the evacuation and the pump-out hole was

sealed with Cerasolzer-CS186 alloy. A three-dimensional finite-element model for this prototype was also

developed. It was implemented on predicting the centre-of-glass thermal performance of fusion-sealed

vacuum insulated glazing to be 1.039 Wm-2K-1, which is about five times less than the thermal transmittance

of the conventional single glazing.

Keywords: Solar-Energy, Vacuum-Sealing Materials, Smart Windows.

2

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanocrystals Melts and

Polymer Thin Films

Paul D. McNaughter1[0000-0002-9330-389X]

, Yevgeniy Riley1, and Paul O’Brien

1,2

1 School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK 2 School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK

paul.o’[email protected]

Abstract. Focussing on the development of simple fabrication methods to photovoltaic devices could

determine the commercial viability of potential solar cell architectures. Hybrid solar cells containing both

organic and inorganic semiconductors have great promise for roll-to-roll manufacturing techniques but

current routes typically involve the synthesis of the inorganic component prior to incorporation in polymer,

increasing the number of steps for fabrication. The use of single source precursors within polymer films mas

been explored to grow the inorganic nanocrystals in situ but existing limitations over control of nanocrystal

size and shape limits the potential of the method. Previously, we have expanded the in situ method to

introduce size control to the synthesis of PbS nanocrystals in solventless thermolysis and also in when

dispersed in polymers. We have separately demonstrated size control with 2D transition metal

dichalcogenide MoS2. By choice of precursor we demonstrate control over lateral size of sub 10 nm

monolayer MoS2 nanosheets. Further control was demonstrated by choice of reaction medium reversing size

control trend from precursor choice. In this work we test the viability of bismuth xanthates with a range of

alkyl chain lengths with solventless thermolysis when melted, i.e. a melt reaction, and within a polymer thus

acting as model systems for the production of a single layer of a heterojunction and a bulk heterojunction.

The bismuth sulphide nanocrystals are examined by their breakdown by solventless thermolysis and within

polymer are compared for the influence on shape and size demonstrating control over the size of the rods

produced.

Keywords: Nanocrystal, Bismuth Sulfide, Hybrid Solar Cells, Processing Routes.

3

Engineering Materials with Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity and

Safety for Transport Applications

Mi Tian, Sébastien Rochat, Katarzyna Polak-Kraśna, Leighton T. Holyfield, Andrew D. Burrows, Christopher

R. Bowen, and Timothy J. Mays

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. The energy crisis and environmental pollution are highlighted to be major global problems in the

21st century. The concerns over diminishing resources and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels

have focused attention on the development of alternative and sustainable energy sources for transport

applications and managing intermittent renewable energy. Hydrogen produced from renewable resources has

been considered as an important energy storage vector to fully exploit the benefit of renewable energy. H2

has a high gravimetric energy density of 33.3 kWh/kg (three time that of gasoline or diesel) and can be

converted into energy in an internal combustion engine or fuel cells with water being the only by-product.

However, its very low mass density in its elemental form means it requires densification in order for enough

hydrogen to be stored in a low volume to provide sufficient range for a vehicle. The current industrial

standard for this is compressing the gas to 70 MPa. This method comes with an inherent safety risk and

compression losses, and requires lightweight, mechanically strong and expensive materials to contain the

pressure. Nanoporous materials can adsorb large quantities of gases owing to the increased density of the gas

inside the pores. Hydrogen contained in solid materials offers far more compact on-board storage capacity,

reducing operating pressures and improving safety. In this project, we have designed and fabricated polymer-

based composites (PBCs) with enhanced microporosity1. These materials contain high surface areas, strong

mechanical properties and are capable of being processed into lightweight films. The PBCs have been

designed to be incorporated in H2 tanks and could either significantly improve the volumetric density, or

decrease the operating pressure for the stored H2. From this project, I have discovered that hydrogen can be

densified and solidified in the ultra small pores. Testing through high-pressure gas adsorption measurements,

molecular simulation and inelastic neutron scattering studies, I have found that slit-sheped pores of width 0.6

- 0.7 nm shape give the optimal storage. The current focus of my research is on porous PCBs to achieve

targets for hydrogen storage tanks in practical applications. I selected composites containing three high-

surface area fillers: metal organic frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon and porous aromatic framework

(PAF-1)2. The highest total hydrogen capacity of 11.5 wt.% at 77 K has been achieved by microporous

polymer-based activated carbon (PIM-AC) composites films, which meet the 2025 hydrogen storage system

target of 55 g H2 per kg (5.5 wt%) set by the US Department of Energy (DoE)3. Furthermore, I have found

the porous fillers significantly improved the H2 charge/discharge kinetics. Engineering new materials with

enhanced storage capacity and safety offers a viable energy alternative for sustainable transport applications.

Keywords: Hydrogen Storage, Porous Materials, Carbon Capture, Porous Polymer-based Composites.

Reference: 1. N. B. McKeown and P. M. Budd, Chemical Society Reviews, 2006, 35, 675-683.

2. S. Rochat, K. Polak-Krasna, M. Tian, L. T. Holyfield, T. J. Mays, C. R. Bowen and A. D. Burrows,

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5, 18752-18761.

3. https://energy.gov, DOE Targets for Onboard Hydrogen Storage Systems for Light-Duty Vehicles

4

Conjugated Polymers as Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production


1 Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water is a research area of immense interest as hydrogen

has been identified as a potential energy carrier of the future. Most of the studied photocatalysts are inorganic

and organic materials have been far less studied. In this contribution, we will present the application of

conjugated polymers as suspension catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.1,2 We have previously

shown that the introduction of planarized fluorene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, or dibenzothiophene

sulfone units into poly(para-phenylene)s (PPP), greatly enhanced the hydrogen evolution rates of PPP-

derived co-polymers when using amines as sacrificial hole scavengers. A dibenzothiophene sulfone co-

polymer has a UV photocatalytic activity that rivals TiO2, but is much more active under visible light also

outperforming platinized commercial carbon nitride.3 A major issue for all these systems is the reliance of on

amine scavengers, which make the process expensive and ultimately not usable for large scale hydrogen

production. Hydrogen production from water using waste streams and pollutants as scavengers is therefore a

potentially very attractive strategy. We have used sulfides, metal ions, and organic pollutants for hydrogen

production and the ultimate goal is to combine water treatment with energy generation. Compatibility of

organic photocatalysts with water is a significant challenge, and in particular functional groups that interact

with water were found to increase the photocatalytic activity.

Keywords: Photocatalysis, Hydrogen Production, Conjugated Polymer.

Reference: (1) Sprick, R. S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3265;

(2) Vyas, V. S. et al. Nature 2015, 521, 41;

(3) Sprick, R.S. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 1792.

5

Economical Nanocomposites of Cobalt or Nickel Species and Polyaniline-

derived N-doped Mesoporous Carbons as Electrode Materials for High

Performance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell and Supercapacitor

Panitat Hasin1, Chattrat Ponghiransmith

1, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung

2, Narong Chanlek

3, and Binh Duong

4

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

3 Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand 4 National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Nanocomposites of cobalt or nickel species and N-doped mesoporous carbon (Co-N-MC or Ni-N-

MC) were prepared by in situ polymerized mesoporous silica-supported polyaniline (PANI). The moderate N

doping levels, mesopores rich porous texture, and incorporation of cobalt or nickel species enable the

applications of Co-N-MC or Ni-N-MC in surface and conductivity dependent electrode materials for dye-

sensitized solar cell (DSC) and supercapacitor. Under optimal activation temperature of 800 °C, the Co-N-

MC or Ni-N-MC possess a specific surface area of ~ 100 - 200 m2g-1, a N fraction of ~ 4%, and a modest

graphitization. When used as a DSC electrode, the Co-N-MC or Ni-N-MC demonstrates high electrocatalytic

activity for I3– reduction. When the Co-N-MC or Ni-N-MC is employed as a counter electrode (CE) of DSC,

the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.6% or 8.4% is achieved, respectively. This is comparable to that

of the Pt CE based counterpart (8.2%). Moreover, the Co-N-MC or Ni-N-MC also offers a high specific

capacitance, an acceptable rate capability, and a high cycling stability in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The

excellent photovoltaic and capacitive performances highlight the potential of the Co-N-MC or Ni-N-MC in

sustainable energy devices.

Keywords: Nanocomposite, Cobalt or Nickel Species, Polyaniline-derived N-doped Mesoporous Carbon,

Dye-sensitized Solar Sell, Supercapacitor.

6

“Inverse vulcanisation” sulphur polymers: Smart materials for an energy

responsible future

Joseph C. Bear1, Annie Rae

1, William J. Peveler

2, Paul D. McNaughter

3, Ivan P. Parkin

2, Paul O’Brien

3,

Tom Hasell4, Charles W. Dunnill

5, and Andrew G. Mayes

6

1 Office MB2022, School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK 2 Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK

3 Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK

5 Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way,

Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK 6 School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. The need to maximise the potential of industrial chemical processes is essential for an

environmentally responsible World economy. With unprecedented strain placed on fossil fuels, alternative

feedstocks for hydrocarbon-based chemical commodities such as polymers urgently need development. To

that end, elemental sulphur is an earth abundant, inexpensive (priced at $90 / long ton in 2017), by-product

of oil-refining, raw material which we have only recently looked at exploiting as a feedstock for polymeric

materials. Termed “inverse vulcanisation” polymers, organic linkers are used to link sulphur chains together

in a similar way as sulphur is used in vulcanised rubber, by linking poly(isoprene) chains. Since the seminal

work by Pyun et al., there have been significant developments in the field, with applications as diverse as:

healable infrared lenses, cathode materials for lithium-sulphur batteries, gas separation materials and water

filtration devices. My co-workers and I were the first to report sulphur polymer nanocomposite films formed

from the introduction of pre-formed nanomaterials into the sulphur polymer synthesis, as well as thin film

sulphur polymer nanocomposite materials from the growth of single-source precursors from solution

processed thin films. I will detail the progress of work in this field from its inception, the synthesis of the

first sulphur “inverse vulcanisation” polymer nanocomposites, the use of “inverse vulcanisation” sulphur

polymers as feedstocks for activated carbons for gas separation and the use of porous sulphur polymer

supports for noble metal nanoparticles for use in degrading organic pollutants in water. Future work in this

area includes the development of a recycling procedure, use of sulphur “inverse vulcanisation” polymer

nanocomposites as anti-microbial surfaces and scaling up the synthesis procedure.

Keywords: Sulphur Polymers, Sustainable, Advanced Materials.

Reference: 1. W. J. Chung, J. J. Griebel, E. T. Kim, H. Yoon, A. G. Simmonds, H. J. Ji, P. T. Dirlam, R. S. Glass, J. J.

Wie, N. A. Nguyen, et al., Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 518–524.

7

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimonium Telluride


Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Solution-based chemistry was used to synthesize antimonium telluride plate. Scanning Electron

Microscope (SEM) reveals the plate size of 1-2 micrometer with approximately thickness of 80 nm. The

starting morphology of antimonium telluride is triangle and then it change to hexagonal shape. The different

condition was investigated by varying cooking time (1 to 10 minutes), cooking temperature (250, 280 and

300 ᵒC) and amount of precursor which refer to antimony to tellurium ratio. Bismuth compound were used as

a catalyst to help the antimonium telluride plate growth and the plate was hardly seen without bismuth

compound added. The plate size was increased when temperature was reduced and cooking time was

increased. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) result reveals that the plates contain of antimony and

tellurium while X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) pattern shows rhombohedral structure. Due to the low

absorption bandgap of antimonium telluride, it can be used as a thermoelectric material by changing wasted

heat to electricity which helps energy saving.

Keywords: Antimonium Telluride, Solution-based Chemistry, Thermoelectric Material.

8

Functional Scanning Probe Imaging of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes

Binh Duong

Nano-Characterication Laboratory, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development

Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. The electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play an important role in their

electrochemical performance for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. Information

such as charge transport, charge density and band energy diagram are required to understand electronic

behavior of materials. This study investigated the charge transport in carbon nanotube thin films using

conductive atomic force microscopy (C- AFM) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM).

Freestanding single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films of about 1 um in thickness were prepared using a

simple casting method. Transmission electron microscope images and Raman analysis indicate very low

amount of amorphous carbon (<1%) and majority of the tubes are metallic type. Specific capacitance of

SWCNT supercapacitors is ~ 8mF/cm2 or 276 F/g, which is comparable with prior studies. C-AFM data

reveal that resistance of bundles of SWCNT is in the range of several MW. The CNT films switch from

resistance behavior to capacitance behavior when more than 35% volume of it becomes conductive. SKPM

images show that work function of CNTs depends on diameter of CNT bundles, meaning the size of CNT

bundles regulates the charge and discharge performance of supercapacitors.

Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes, Charge Transport, Atomic Force Microscopy.

9

Theoretical Study of Water Molecules Adsorption on Graphene-based

Materials for Humidity Sensor Application


College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkot’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang,

Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. The existing problems of gas sensor development needed to improve the sensitivity, selectivity,

detection ranges, response time and recovery time. Graphene and graphene oxide have been selected as

sensing material because their charge carrier concentration induced by adsorbed target molecules can be used

to make highly sensitive sensors and different functionalized or modified graphene surface could be

enhanced selectivity of the specific molecules. In order to find a promising of graphene-based structures with

high sensitivity or possible hybrid designed, sensing mechanism pathways and the correlation between the

changing of water molecules cluster on graphene-based surface at atomic-level with their electrical properties

will be further investigated by using theoretical study. Water clusters molecules and other small gases

molecules (such as NO, CO, CO2, NO2, N2O, H2S and VOCs) on different types of graphene-based

structures were selected as model for sensor detection systems to study the stable adsorption structures and

electronic structures properties. In this work, combined DFT based on first-principles calculations and ab

initio molecular dynamic simulations to investigate both of static and dynamic properties, respectively.

Moreover the results of this work can provide graphene-based structural engineering guidance for relevant

experimental research.

Keywords: Humidity Sensor, Graphene, DFT Calculation.

10

Pesticide Detection Based on Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor

Nongluck Houngkamhang1, Supanat Sasipongpana

1, Sirapat Pratontep

1, Yossawat Rayanasukha

2, Seeroong

Prichanont3, Chanchana Thanachayanont

4, and Supanit Porntheerapat

5

1 College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520 Thailand 2 National Nanotechnology Center, PathumThani, Thailand

3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 4 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, PathumThani, Thailand

5 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. The present of residues pesticide in an environment is one of the major pollutants in agriculture. In

this work, a sensor for detecting pesticide by the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme have

been fabricated by direct immobilization of enzyme in an agarose matrix on the surface of ion-sensitive field-

effect transistors (ISFET). The enzyme entrapment was achieved by using an agarose gel for the support

membrane and the enzyme was dropped onto the surface of ISFET. This AChE-ISFET sensor was used to

demonstrate the detection of pesticides, carbaryl and methyl-parathion, which are in carbamate and

organophosphate pesticide group. The sensor can be measured carbaryl pesticide in the range of 1x10-6 to

1x10-5 M. The device will be further explored in detecting other pesticides which is a promising pesticide

sensor with simple preparation and capabilities to be developed as a portable device.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase, Pesticide Detection, Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors.

11

Advanced Materials from Extreme Marine Environment

Sreejith Raveendran1 and D. Sakthi Kumar

2

1 University of Brighton, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Moulescoomb Campus, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK 2 Toyo University, Bio Nano Elelctonics Research Centre, Kujirai, 2100, Kawagoe 3508585, Japan

[email protected]

Abstract. Microbial sulfated exopolysaccharides are proven to be effective in various biomedical, industrial

and environmental applications, non-specifically since 1980’s. However, extreme environments were far

overlooked and less explored compared to other terrestrial sources for biomaterials. Extremophilic

exopolysaccharides are a novel class of polymers used in various fields of science and technology. They are

receiving wide attention in material science, polymer chemistry and bionanomedicine due to its richness in

sulfate residues and exceptionally best physico-chemical properties. Halomonas maura as a potential

extremophilic bacterium with ecological and biotechnological interest were studied for extracting sulfated

polysaccharide for advanced material applications. Exopolysaccharides from Halomonas maura called

Mauran was studied for various environmental, biomedical, material and nanotechnological applications.

Chemical analysis of the mauran residues indicates the presence of sulfate content, which is a key factor for

its versatile properties. Owing to their versatile physciochemical properties and bioactivities, they are widely

used in several industrial, environmental and biomedical applications. Mauran can used in the field of

material science and environmental protection by administering them as a smart polymer for chelating heavy

metal impurities from waste water. Thus it is can be used in water purification. Besides these Mauran was

widely used in drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering applications. Nanoformulations based on

such polymeric sugars can be of greater interests for various types of therapeutic studies via specific

targeting. By using the extremophilic sulphated polysaccharide like mauran, we are exploring the possibility

of introducing novel biomaterials from extreme environments for various sustained applications in

environmental protection and advanced engineering.

Keywords: Extremophiles, Advanced Materials, Polysaccharides.

Reference: 1. Llamas, I et al, Antonie van leuwenhoek (2006) 89; 395.

2. Arias, S et al, Extremophiles (2003) 7; 319.

3. Raveendran, S et al, Carbohydrate Polymers (2013) 91; 22.

4. Raveendran, S et al, Carbohydrate Polymers (2013) 92; 1225.

5. Raveendran, S et al, Nanomedicine:NBM (2013) 9; 605

6. Raveendran, S et al, Carbohydrate Polymers (2013) 98, 108.

12

Hybrid Graphene/Metal Oxide Catalysts for Water Treatment


Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Towards achieving efficient waste water treatment, the degradation of common water pollutants

was studied using a new hybrid catalyst and microwave irradiation. Fabrication of hybrid catalyst based on

reduced graphene oxide-titania (rGO-TiO2), was first achieved in a single mode microwave cavity by

reducing the precursor consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and titania. Catalytic performance was then

assessed in both microwave assisted and conventional heat treatment conditions. The hybrid catalyst showed

significant improvement under microwave irradiation, more than 88% dye degradation. The improved

performance with microwaves is mainly attributed to the formation of the hot spots at the surface of the

hybrid catalyst which ultimately results in higher degradation rates. Morphological and catalytic properties of

the hybrid catalyst are investigated. Successful reduction of GO to rGO was confirmed using a Raman

spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The outstanding performance of microwave irradiated hybrids offers a

viable low energy, low carbon footprint process with a new catalyst for wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Hybrid Catalyst, Water Treatment, Microwave Irradiation.

13

Potential Utilization of Biopolymer Chitosan and Cationic/Anionic

Polymers for Color Removal in Textile Wastewater


Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Assumption University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Biopolymer chitosan have been investigated for color removal in textile wastewater by using

coagulation process of biopolymers and synthetic polymers. After the wastewater samples were treated with

0.1% chitosan for chitosan coagulation process, coagulation process of cationic or anionic polymer were

performed by using polymer concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/l at pH 6-8, respectively. The color removal

efficiency of textile wastewater samples before and after treatment with chitosan followed by

cationic/anionic polymers has been evaluated. Besides, its chemical analyses including Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD), dissolved solid, and suspended solid were analyzed in order to consider the potential

application of chitosan in textile wastewater treatment. The results showed that the COD, dissolved solid and

suspended solid of pre-treated textile wastewater were 290, 3998.7 and 280.7 mg/l, respectively, however,

both dissolved solid and suspended solid were higher than the regulatory standard for wastewater. As the

optimum condition, the COD, dissolved solid and suspended solid of textile wastewater after treatment with

chitosan and cationic polymer (0.2 g/l at pH 8) were 260.7, 1939.8 and 103.6 mg/l, respectively, while the

COD, dissolved solid and suspended solid of textile wastewater after treatment with chitosan and anionic

polymer (0.1 g/l at pH 7) were 190.6, 3002.2 and 106.8 mg/l, respectively. All of the results after treatments

were within the regulatory standard. Therefore, the combination of chitosan and cationic/anionic polymers

could have a potential to utilize in textile wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Chitosan, Cationic/Anionic Polymer, Wastewater Treatment.

14

Magnetic Carbon Composites with a Hierarchical Structure for Adsorption

of Tetracycline, Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse via Hydrothermal

Carbonization Coupled with Simple Heat Treatment: Properties and

Further Improvement

Natthanan Rattanachueskul1, Amonrada Saning

1, Sulawan Kaowphong

2, Nawapong Chumha

1, and

Laemthong Chuenchom1

1 Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla

University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste, was successfully converted into novel magnetic carbon

composites by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization at 230°C for 24 h, followed by simple heat

treatment at 400°C for only 1 h in air. Effects of NaOH and iron loading on the chemical properties of the

composites were studied. In addition, various techniques were employed to investigate the physicochemical

properties of the composites. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms for the magnetic composites were

investigated with tetracycline (TC), a representative toxic chemical widely used in Thailand. The magnetic

carbon composite exhibited 48.35 mg/g maximum adsorption capacity and was highly stable chemically and

mechanically, with also good magnetic properties. The adsorption of TC by the magnetic adsorbent was

mainly attributed to H-bonds and π-π interactions. The results indicate that waste sugarcane bagasse from the

sugar industries can be efficiently transformed to a magnetic adsorbent for TC removal via a facile

environmentally friendly method. Furthermore, the facile preparation strategy developed in this work has

possibilities to be extended to various types of biomass. Overall, however, although the magnetic carbons

developed in the present research are prepared via a greener method, their rather low adsorption efficiency is

a big problem in comparison with the commercial activated carbons. Therefore, the improvement of their

properties needs to be explored and can extensively be discussed in the workshop.

Keywords: Magnetic Carbon Materials, Hydrothermal Carbonization, Sugarcane Bagasse, Tetracycline,

Adsorption Efficiency.

15

Activated Carbon for Removal of Pharmaceuticals During Wastewater

Treatment: A Long-Term International Perspective


University of York, Environment Department, York, YO10 5NG, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Clean freshwater is among the rarest and most pivotal resources necessary for global health, food

security and local economies. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in surface water may affect non-

target aquatic organisms or humans, indirectly, via mechanisms such as the selection for antimicrobial

resistance. Furthermore, recent data show high API concentrations in poorly-studied regions of developing

countries where rivers or shallow aquifers are the predominant source of drinking water. Relatively

affordable advanced material, such as activated carbon, may increase removal efficiencies (REs) of APIs

during wastewater treatment via sorption. API effluent concentrations of two activated sludge wastewater

treatment plants (WWTPs) with similar population equivalence were compared, one with tertiary activated

carbon filtration (Dulman WWTP, Germany) and one without tertiary treatment (Worsbrough WWTP, UK).

RE-values were calculated monthly for 36 APIs for one year at both WWTPs (n=864). REs were

significantly lower at Dulman WWTP than those observed at Worsbrough WWTP (p<0.001) indicating

activated carbon may effectively limit API discharge to the environment. Annual mean RE using an activated

carbon sorption step ranged from 25% (temazepam) to 100% removal (amitriptyline, paracetamol,

citalopram, raloxifene, ranitidine, triamterene and trimethoprim) with an overall mean annual removal

efficiency of 83.5%. Negative mean removal efficiencies were observed for 6 APIs without activated carbon

sorption (Worsbrough WWTP) and ranged from -20% (temazepam) to 100% (paracetamol) with an overall

annual average RE of 31.4%. With the pressures of climate change threatening to further limit the supply of

freshwater, advances in materials for remediation of aquatic contaminants is of upmost-importance.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Wastewater Treatment, Organic Contaminants.

16

A Monolithic Nano-Graphitic-Carbon-Cryogel Composite with

Interconnected Macroporosity for the Adsorption of Persistent Organic

Pollutants

Yishan Zheng, Kakay Lau, Ganesh Ingavle, Sergey Mikhalovsky, Wulan Koagouw, and Susan Sandeman

Biomaterials and Medical Research Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. The World Health Organization reported that environmental hazards are responsible for an

estimated 25% of the total burden of disease worldwide, effecting most developing countries where often

environmental protection were overlooked during economic development. One major contributor is the

contamination of ground water caused by the accumulation of pollutants from industrialized productions of

chemicals, pharmaceuticals and mass farming. There has been a long tradition in the use of activated carbon

(AC) for the removal of harmful organic compounds. Recent studies also indicated that the efficacy of the

AC in the removal for a pesticides, dyes and antibiotics can be fine-tuned using syndetic resin precursor

derived ACs. Despite their superior adsorbent capacity, the high production cost of these ACs posing huge

challenges in its industrialized scale water remediation applications. We propose the use of graphene

nanoplatelet (GNP) as an alternative adsorbent incorporated in a macroporous monolithic structure.as a cost-

effective alternative of ACs. GNP is a new category of graphite derived nanoscaled material consisted of

stacks of graphene layers. The monolithic composite prepared using different grades of poly (vinyl) alcohols

were compared for their adsorption efficacy, reported here not only possesses large interconnected pores with

good flow through properties but also preserved accessible GNP surfaces determined using nitrogen

adsorption analysis. Furthermore, the composites also exhibited high adsorption capacity of contaminants

including 4-cholorphenol, atrazine and doxycycline, indicating the promising potential in the water

remediation applications.

Keywords: Poly (vinyl) alcohols-Graphene Nanoplatelet Composite, Organic Pollutant Removal,

Interconnected Macropores.

17

Photodegradation of Reactive Red Azo Dye by ZnO Photocatalyst


Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. ZnO nanostructures have been prepared by using either sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or polyvinyl

alcohol (PVA) as a capping agent via chemical precipitation method. The ZnO samples exhibit well

crystallized wurtzite hexagonal phase. PVA capped ZnO shows spherical morphology while SDS capped

ZnO exhibits thin plate-like nanostructure and nanorod morphology. The SDS surfactant played an important

effect on morphology, specific surface area and photodegradation efficiency of the catalyst. SDS capped

ZnO with high specific surface area provides much higher photoactivity in comparison to that obtained from

PVA capped ZnO. In addition, the enhanced photoactivity is also due to the improvement of charge

separation at the interface. About 95% and 88% of reactive red (RR141) azo dye decomposed after

irradiation for 240 min under UV light and 80 min under solar light, respectively. The photodegradation

reaction follows the pseudo first-order kinetics. The SDS capped ZnO photocatalyst retains its original

efficiency of about 87% even after the third cycles of reuse. This indicates the advantages of stability and

reusability. Hole and hydroxyl radical are the two main reactive species involving in photodegradation of

reactive red azo dye. ZnO nanostructures with SDS as a capping agent will be suitable for photodegradation

of organic azo dyes in the environmental protection. The idea for removing azo dye from wastewater by

solar-light-driven photocatatyst is very promising. This will potentially provide cheaper and cleaner means

for treatment of a large volume of organic dyes by utilization of solar energy.

Keywords: Azo Dyes, Photocatalysis, Zinc Oxide.

18

Nanocomposites of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Applications in

Water Decontamination

Padtaraporn Chanhom1, Chawalit Takoon

2, and Numpon Insin

1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand 2 Petrochemistry and Polymer Science program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) exhibit an interesting magnetic phenomenon of

superparamagnetism, leading to ability to stay colloidally stable in an absence of magnetic fields, but be

strongly attracted and easily separated from solution when a magnetic field is applied. To combine this

magnetic behavior with ability to decontaminate water, nanocomposites of MNPs with different materials

have been prepared, resulting in water-decontaminating materials that can be easily separated from water and

readily reused. Nanocomposites of MNPs with waste tire rubber powder has shown ability to absorb spilled

oil, including crude oil, gasoline, and diesel, on water surface. Nanocomposites of MNPs with mesoporous

silica were investigated as lead and mercury ion sorbents. Nanocomposites of MNPs and silica/titania

exhibited high photocatalytic activity in photodegradation of dyes and bactericidal activities. These

nanocomposites were prepared using combined techniques of thermal decomposition, hydrothermal, and sol-

gel processes. With the concepts of using nanocomposites of MNPs, water decontamination would be more

convenient, efficient and less energy consumed.

Keywords: Magnetic Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Photocatalysis.

19

Exploiting the Two-dimensional (2D) Nature of a Layered Titanate toward

Environmental Protection and Remediation

Tosapol Maluangnont1,2[0000-0002-6213-5539]

1 College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 2 Catalytic Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok

10520, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. While titania (TiO2) has become a practical standard for environmental protection and

remediation, several titanate-based materials with negatively-charged framework and counter-cations are

underexplored. Here, two applications of the lepidocrocite-type layered titanate as an advanced material for

water remediation are provided: fatty acids adsorption and UV photodegradation of methylene blue. The

interlayer spaces of K0.8Zn0.4Ti1.6O4 effectively accommodate up to ~40 wt% heptanoic acid despite the fact

that the microcrystals have extremely low surface area of 3 m2/g. The uptake of other carboxylic acids has

also been demonstrated. In addition, chimie douce (i.e., soft chemistry) approach enables the preparation of

molecularly-thin nanosheets at room temperature, including the subsequent layer-by-layer films fabrication.

The photoactivity of the ultrathin films is anisotropic, depending on the face-to-edge (lateral-to-thickness)

ratio. Clearly, the two-dimensional (2D) nature of a layered titanate has allowed interesting chemistry

complementing or even distinct from that typical of TiO2.

Keywords: Lepidocrocite, Nanosheets, Photoactive.

20

Whole Cells Cross-Linked Bacteria for Biodegradation of Phenol

Derivatives

Dmitriy Berillo1, Andrew Cundy

2, Jonathan L. Caplin

3, and Irina Savina

4

1 School of Pharmacy and Bimolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK 2 Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton,Southampton , UK

3 School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Chlorophenols(CPs), cresols, nitrophenols and phenols have a number of industrial applications,

including the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, aspirin, pesticides, insecticides, leather production,

wood distillation, and in coal and oil refinery processes. In this work for the first time we developed a

bioremediation system composed of chemically cross-linked whole live bacteria into the 3D-macroporous

structure to deal with complex mixtures of phenol derivatives. The viability of the cross-linked bacteria after

3D-macroporous structure preparation was examined using MTT assay and Live/Dead assay and Laser

Scanning Confocal Microscopy revealing the presence of viable bacteria. The first bioremediation cycle of

50ppm of phenol (200mL) by cryogels made of all strains was completed within 187-209 h, which is most

probably related to some adaptation period, however following bioremediation cycles 2nd to 10th by

cryogels were ended within 60-64h, respectively, whereas bacterial suspension consumed it in 200-210h. 1st

& 2nd remediation cycles of m-cresol (200mL, 50ppm) were completed within 260 and 94h, respectively.

Bioremediation efficacy of cryogels in waste water spiked by model contaminants were tested, showing

higher efficiencies compare to model systems in carbonate and MSM buffers. It was estimated that in case of

bioremediation of phenol the cryogels composed of bacteria can be reused at least 10 times without decline

of activity. This technology opens the opportunity to prepare a cost-effective process for wastewater

application. P. mendocina and R. koreensis & A. radioresistens, were not effective for 2CP and 4CP

degradation.

Keywords: Crosslinked Bacterial Cells; Bioremediation; Cryogels.

Acknowledgements:

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation

programme research and training programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement cryo-

bacteria-reactor – No 701289.

21

Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposite Preparation using in-situ

Polymerisation of ε-Caprolactam


School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Magnetic polymer nanocomposites are useful in many applications such as biomedical and

environmental. Addition of the iron oxide nanoparticles in the polymer is a one route to make magnetic

polymer. If iron oxide particles in polymer are functionalised with inorganic materials, the composite are

found to be useful in absorbing heavy metals from the polluted water. For trial preparation of magnetic

polymer nanocomposites, the anionic ring-opening in-situ polymerisation of ε-caprolactam monomers using

an Ethylmagnesium Bromide activator and N-Acetyl Caprolactam as an initiator was done to develop an

effective method for the dispersion of Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Though the oleic acid functionalisation

of NPs can aid in the improvements in their dispersion, by creating effective hydrophobic coating on them;

still the agglomeration of nanoparticles because of the viscous polymer matrix, remains a challenge to be

addressed. The in-situ polymerisation method brings an opportunity to utilize mechanical energy to disperse

the nanoparticles in the monomer melt, when it’s in liquid state and not yet as viscous, as it’ll be after its

polymerised. We used ultra-sonication technique to well disperse the NPs in the monomer melt, and then

brought about the polymerisation, ensuring that the dispersed state of the NPs brought about by the

sonication energy was immediately captured in to the polymerised state. This was assured by the quick

polymerisation technique employed. The authenticity of the synthesised nanocomposite comparable with that

of a commercial Polyamide 6 (PA6) was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

characterisation, and the crystallinity study was done by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate that the

NPs was dispersed quite well within the polymer matrix. The nanocomposite is definitely stronger than a

virgin PA6, also the crystallinity is found to increase by around 21%, majorly because of the nano inclusions.

Keywords: Nanocomposite, Polymerisation.

22

Synthesis of Hydrothermal ZnO Nanostructures and Their Application for

Nanogenerator

Annop Klamchuen

National Nanotechnology Center, NSTDA, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani

12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. ZnO nanowire grown via hydrothermal process have been consider as a promissing building

blocks for various applications such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), dye-sensitize solar cells (DSSCs) and

photocatalyst, due to the large direct band gap energy of 3.3 eV at room temperature and the high exciton

binding energy of 60 meV. In the hydrothermal growth of ZnO, it has been known that the polar c-plane

0001) of nO is highly reactive chemically and favor for anisotropic axial nanowire growth. Therefore,

controlling a competition between c-plane and a-plane 101 0) growths is crucial and suppressing a-plane

growth realizes the growth of well-defined nanowire structures. Although most of the previous studies paid

attention to examine the effects of various experimental parameters for controlling the morphology of ZnO

nanowires (e.g., pH, temperature, and ionic species), the origin of anisotropic crystal growth in hydrothermal

ZnO nanowires has been interpreted in terms of the variations of ionic species in aqueous solutions and their

electrostatic interactions with ZnO crystal planes. Here we demonstrate the controllability on morphology of

hydrothermal ZnO nanowires through the critical concentration for nucleation. When Zn ion concentration is

relatively low, the nucleation process preferentially occurs on the (0001) plane, promoting nanowire growth.

In contrast, for relatively high Zn ion concentration, the (10-10) plane emerges, suppressing nanowire

growth. The occurrence of this nucleation competition on the crystal planes as a function of concentration is

caused by differences in the critical nucleation sizes between the (0001) plane and the (10-10) plane. Finally,

we have exhibited the utilization of well-defined ZnO NWs on nanogenerators.

Keywords: Zinc Oxide, Hydrothermal Method, Nanogenerator.

23

Effect of Sintering Additive on the Barium Zirconate Titanate Lead Free

Ceramic

Nawal Binhayeeniyi1, Pisan Sukwisute

2, and Nantakan Muensit

3,4

1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520,

Thailand 3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

4 Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Energy (CENE), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. In this study, the Barium Zirconate Titanate, denoted as BZT, [Ba(ZrxTi1-x) (x= 0.00,0.01,0.03,

0.05 and 0.08)] ceramics were prepared by sol-gel process. The 2% LiO2 was used as sintering additive. The

results were found that the BZT dry gels were calcined at 1100 °C. The BZT and sintering additive pellets

were sintered at 900 °C for 10 h., respectively. This process reduced the sintering temperature 30%. The

physical property was characterized. The temperature depend on dielectric constant was studies. The

piezoelectric effect was also conducted. The lead free low sintering ceramic is promising in energy

harvesting application.

Keywords: Barium Zirconate Titanate, Sintering Additive, Piezoelectric Effect.

24

Fabrication of Diamond-Graphite like Carbon Thin Films as High Efficient

Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Pikaned Uppachai1 and Vittaya Amornkitbamrung

2,3

1 Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus,

Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

3 Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Carbon that was both diamond like and graphite like was used as catalytic material for a counter

electrode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It was fabricated by annealing hydrogenated diamond-like

carbon (DLC) film which was deposited on a piece of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. This

was done using a radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) technique.

Annealing was carried out in ambient Ar at temperatures between 300 °C and 600 °C. It was found that the

annealing temperature of DLC films played an important role in enhancing the performance of DSSCs with

annealed DLC films. A DSSC with a DLC film annealed at 500 °C attained an efficiency of 7.61%. This was

comparable to that of a Pt-DSSC (7.74%) and was superior to an un-annealed DLC DSSC (0.24%). The

efficiency enhancement was related to large increases in both short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill

factor (FF) values. This was due to the improvement in electrical conductivity and catalytic activity as more

crystalline structures of diamond and graphite phases were formed. However, annealing the film at 600 °C

degraded the DLC DSSC performance, resulting in a reduction of cell efficiency to 5.76%.

Keywords: Diamond-like Carbon, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Counter Electrode.

25

Zn Substituted LaCoO3 for Supercapacitors

Voranuch Somsongkul1, Marisa Arunchaiya

2, Chanapa Kongmark

2, and Chanchana Thanachayanont

3

1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North

Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand 2 Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

3 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Perovskite (ABO3) structure has recently been demonstrated to have good supercapacitor

performance due to their catalytic property, large surface area, high specific capacitance and high stability.

The present work is dedicated to develop LaCoO3 as an electrode material. The perovskite structure will be

modified by adding metal dopants (e.g. Zn doped LaCoO3) with different precursors to reach the desired

electrochemical properties and enhance the surface properties. The scanning electron microscopy results

showed different morphology of the compounds with different cobalt to zinc molar ratio whereas the x-ray

diffraction of LaCo1-xZnxO3 where x = 0-0.20 showed similar diffraction patterns as that of LaCoO3

perovskite structure. Zn doped LaCoO3 was further characterized by Co and Zn K-edge x-ray absorption

spectroscopy. All features of Co K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectra of LaCo1-xZnxO3 (x=0-0.2) remains the

same, which could suggest that the substitution of zinc in LaCoO3 structure does not affect the local structure

around Co atoms. Zn K-edge XAS spectra of LaCo1-xZnxO3 (x=0-0.2) show different frequency and

amplitude of oscillation compared to that of ZnO and zinc nitrate indicating that the local structure around

Zn atoms in LaCo1-xZnxO3 system should have a particular structure, different from ZnO and zinc nitrate

structure. The oxidation state of Zn in this system should be about +2, similar to Zn in ZnO system. Finally,

the analysis of electrochemical properties (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy)

and charge storage capacity of materials will be explored.

Keywords: Perovskite, Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide, Zn Doping, Supercapacitor.

26

Residues from Biomass Thermal Treatment in Energy-from-Waste

Facilities for Environmental Protection

Anna A. Bogush[0000-0003-2992-6926]

Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering (CEGE), University College London (UCL),

Chadwick Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. The thermal treatment (e.g., combustion, gasification and pyrolysis) of biomass waste in Energy-

from-Waste (EfW) plants is rising continuously because of limited availability of fossil fuels and evidence of

global warming caused by CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. However, residues (wastes/by-

products) like bottom ash (BA)/fly ash (FA)/air pollution control residues (APCr) and char are generated in

thermal treatment of biomass waste in EfW facilities and their management is an escalating issue in many

countries due to increasing numbers of EfW plants. However, to develop innovative solutions for reuse or

recycle of such residues are essential to avoid landfill disposal. A main goal of this work is to investigate

holistically potential utilisation of wastes/by-products from biomass thermal treatment plants for

environmental protection as sustainable industrial symbiosis solution. Within this scope, three potential

applications of the residues from biomass thermal treatment facilities for environmental protection were

considered: 1) biomass ashes for soil enhancement and as secondary PK fertilisers; 2) biomass ashes for

treatment of acid mine drainages from mining and processing industry; 3) biochar for wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Biomass Ash and Char, Environmental Protection, Industrial Symbiosis.

27

Tailoring the Gas Sensor Performance of Carbon Nanotube Functionalized

with Polymer and Nanoparticles

Winadda Wongwiriyapan1, Worawut Muangrat

2, Nuttaya Sukgorn

1, Chinathun Pinming

1, Mayuree Phonyiem

1,

Satoshi Ichikawa3, Visittapong Yordsri

4, and Chanchana Thanachayanont

4

1 College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand 2 Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan

3 Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan 4 Institute for NanoScience Design, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan

5 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. This paper focuses on synthesis of hybrid carbon nanomaterials for gas sensor applications. The

polymer/metal nanoparticle/hybrid carbon materials for highly sensitive and selective volatile organic

compounds (VOCs) detection has been proposed. VOCs are the main cause of air pollution and harmful to

our health. Gas sensor technology for VOC detection has gained more attention, because of its real-time

monitoring, portable device and low cost. By taking chloroform vapor sensing as an example, we

successfully demonstrated a highly sensitive detection of chloroform vapor at room-temperature operation by

means of functionalization of carbon nanotube (CNT) with ethylcellulose and Pt nanoparticles (NPs). The

response of hybrid sensor to chloroform was 70-fold higher than that of pristine CNT and linearly increased

with increasing chloroform concentration. The sensing mechanism was elucidated by polymer swelling and

catalytic oxidation on the Pt NPs catalyst surface. Our proposed sensor can be applied to other detection of

other VOC vapors by selecting an appropriated interaction between polymer/metal and VOC.

Keywords: Carbon Nanotube, Volatile Organic Compounds, Gas Sensor.

28

Characterization of Mesocellular Foam Silica with Different Template

Removal Methods and Their Effects on Application as Supporting Material

for Enzyme Biosensor

Nithi Thananukul1, Seeroong Prichanont

1, Chanchana Thanachayanont

2, and Bralee Chayasombat

2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Bangkok

10330, Thailand 2 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

[email protected]

Abstract. Mesocellular silica foam (MCF) is a type of mesoporous silica with a structure that is composed of

uniform spherical cells interconnected by windows. This structure gives a 3D pore network and is expected

to have better substance diffusion compared to the 2D pore structure of conventional mesoporous silica such

as SBA-15 or MCM-41. For this advantage, MCF is suitable for various applications such as a catalyst

support in an advance catalysis system or immobilizing enzyme in biosensors. In this study, spherical MCF

was synthesized by a modified MCF synthesis method. After template removal, Au particles were

impregnated on the MCF by the chemical reduction method. This Au impregnation is expected to improve

electron mobility and enzyme loading of the MCF when using as the supporting material in the enzyme

biosensors. The MCFs before and after gold impregnation were characterized using Fourier Transform

Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), gas absorption-desorption, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy

and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The application performances were evaluated by electro-

chemical reactions. Results show that the reduced gold nanoparticles were well distributed into the internal

structure of the MCF. Concentration of the gold precursor and reduction time was found to effect the size

and distribution of the gold nanoparticles. By optimizing of these factors, gold nanoparticle dispersion on

MCF can be controlled to create a gold modified MCF supporting material that gives optimal biosensor

performances.

Keywords: Mesocellular Silica Foam, Template Removal Method, Enzyme Biosensor.

29

The Employment of Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment and

Renewable Energy Generation


Institute for Materials and Process, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. With growing population and shrinking resources, it is predicted that about 40% of the world’s

population will be living in areas of serious water stress by 2050. Urbanisation has also resulted in utilisation

of freshwater resources for urban areas leading to drainage of aquifers which have always been the sources of

freshwater for irrigation. With the consequences of climate change causing further precipitation uncertainties

and pollution of water resources due to increased industrialisation, consumption of chemical fertilizers and

floods, it is important to explore innovative solutions to ensure consistent freshwater supply for human

consumption and irrigation. Membrane processes such as forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO) and

electrodialysis (ED) coupled to solar energy can be employed to treat wastewater and therefore reduce the

environmental impact of agricultural and industrial activities, preventing pollution of rivers, aquifers and

seawater. In addition, the deployment of reverse electrodialysis (RED) using ion exchange membranes for

renewable energy generation offers an environmentally friendly method for supplying power to remote

communities.

Keywords: Membrane Processes, Water Treatment, Renewable Energy.

30

Activated Carbon Eliminates the Bioavailability of TCDD to a Mammalian

(Mouse) Model

J. Brett Sallach1,2[0000-0003-4588-3364]

, Robert Crawford3, Hui Li

1, Cliff T. Johnston

4, Brian J. Teppen

1, Norbert A.

Kaminski3,5

, and Stephen A. Boyd1

1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA 2 Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom, YO10 5NG, UK

3 Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA 4 Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA

5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA

[email protected]

Abstract. The remediation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) from contaminated

soils and sediments by in-situ amendment with activated carbon (AC) is increasingly attractive as a lower

cost and less destructive alternative to traditional remediation technologies (i.e. dredging/excavation and

landfilling). Several prior studies have demonstrated, predictably, the ability for AC amendments to reduce

pore water concentrations and subsequent bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in invertebrate species; reduced

bioavailability to mammals has been assumed even though this has been disproven for other sorbent

materials. Here, we show that when 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is sequestered by AC,

bioavailability to the mammalian (mouse) model is eliminated as determined by two sensitive bioassays,

hepatic induction of cyp1A1 and suppression of the immunoglobulin M antibody-forming cell immune

response. Furthermore, we show that this elimination of bioavailability seems to be inherent in AC materials

regardless of their respective pore structure (i.e. micro- vs mesoporosity). These results support the premise

that AC amendment technologies can be used to reduce the bioeffective dose of TCDD delivered to

mammals and hence are protective of ecosystem and human health.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Sorbent Amendment, Remediation, Bioavailability.

31

Recovery of Indium and Gallium from Waste Sludges in Zinc Extraction

Plant

Sankum Nusen1,2

, Noppadol Yottawee1, Chu Yong Cheng

3, and Torranin Chairuangsri

1,2

1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2 Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

3 CSIRO Minerals Down Under National Research Flagship, Australia

[email protected]

Abstract. Indium (In) and gallium (Ga) are widely used in the electronics industry and their demand has

increased recently due to the increase in electronic product consumption. In and Ga are valuable elements,

but their supply sources are lacking. One of important secondary sources is zinc plant residues (ZPR). ZPR

are wastes from zinc production and classified as hazardous wastes due mainly to the presence of toxic

metals e.g. Pb, Cd, etc. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest to recover valuable metals from these

intermediate wastes using hydrometallurgical processes. Recovery of In and Ga from ZPR by

hydrometallurgical processes is presented in this work. Leaching of In and Ga was studied using 1.0 M

H2SO4 solution, the temperature range of 40-80 ºC, and the time up to 360 min. It was found that Cd, In, Ga

and Zn were selectively leached from Co, Fe and Ni at T = 40 ºC, solid-to-liquid ratio 1/12 g/ml, stirring

speed of 700 rpm and leaching time for 90 min. In and Ga were selectively extracted from a synthetic

sulphate leach solution of ZPR using a novel synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of LIX

63 and Versatic 10. With the optimum of the SSX system, 86% In and 92% Ga were extracted in a single

contact at pH 3.

Keywords: Indium, Gallium, Recovery, Hydrometallurgy Process, Zinc Plant Residue.

32

Fate and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Water-Remediation Iron Oxide and

Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles

Lubinda Mbundi1, Sandeep Kumar, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy, and Rosa Busquets

Santacana

1 Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park and St Mark Hospitals, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex,

HA1 3UJ, UK

[email protected]

Abstract. Recent development and advancement in nanotechnology has impacted various fields such as

engineering, water and environmental remediation, medicine and nutrition. However, the fate of these

nanomaterials in biological systems and impact on the environment and health remains unclear. In this work,

cells were challenged with either iron oxide nanoparticles before and after arsenic adsorption or with water

purified using aluminium oxide nanoparticles based filters. The localisation of iron oxide nanoparticles in

cells was evaluated microscopically and biocompatibility was evaluated by assessing cell metabolism and

cell death after exposure to nanoparticles or treated water. While iron oxide nanoparticles did not

significantly effect cell viability, they tended to home to cell nuclei with challenged cells expressing stress

markers. On the other hand, the aluminium nanoparticles treated water showed toxicity with the first wash-

through but not subsequent washes due to leachates in the first. This result shows the importance of

nanoparticle-type tailored cytotoxicity evaluation and the need for longer studies that are beyond a single

life-cycle of a cell population as some non-toxic nanoparticles may home to vital organelles (i.e. iron oxide

to nuclei) and possibly affect cellular functions some of which may be apparent in longer studies.

33

Effect of Iron Oxide and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Cell

Proliferation and Survival

Sandeep Kumar1, Lubinda Mbundi, Christopher English, Raymond Whitby, Andrew Cundy, Rosa Busquets

Santacana

1 Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ

UK

[email protected]

Abstract. While prominent developments in different types of advanced materials have shown great

potential in environmental remediation, the safety of some of these materials such as nanoparticles used in

pharmaceutical products still requires scrutiny. It is expected that they will have a profound environmental

impact and may become a source of air, soil and water pollutants. Impact of these nanosized pollutants on

human cells remains unknown. In our current study, we were particularly interested in determining the effect

of heavy metal coated nanoparticle on the cell survial and proliferation at the molecular level. The work

reported here using human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells cultured in monolayers and treated

with various concentration of nanoparticles coated with iron and aluminium oxide. Interaction of cells and

nanoparticle was monitored using confocal microscopy, while the expression of specific proliferation

markers PCAN and apoptotic marker PDAC4, were determined using western blotting analysis. The

confocal analysis showed that nanoparticles were localised around the nucleus of cells. Densitometry

analysis demonstrated that expression of PCAN was significantly reduced whereas expression of PDCD4

was significantly increased with increase in the concentration of nanoparticles. Our results suggest that

nanoparticles induced apoptosis and decreased the proliferation of the cells. With the development of new

technologies globally with a constructive and transformative usage of nanoparticles in pharmaceutical

products and water treatment industries, more research is required to ensure the safety of these nano-

products.

Keywords:

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